EP0069026B1 - Method for the extrusion characteristics of aluminium alloys of the al-mg-si-type - Google Patents

Method for the extrusion characteristics of aluminium alloys of the al-mg-si-type Download PDF

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EP0069026B1
EP0069026B1 EP82420063A EP82420063A EP0069026B1 EP 0069026 B1 EP0069026 B1 EP 0069026B1 EP 82420063 A EP82420063 A EP 82420063A EP 82420063 A EP82420063 A EP 82420063A EP 0069026 B1 EP0069026 B1 EP 0069026B1
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Prior art keywords
boron
alloys
alloy
ppm
spinning
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French (fr)
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EP0069026A1 (en
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Daniel Marchive
Theodore Eckert, Jr.
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Cegedur Societe de Transformation de lAluminium Pechiney SA
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Cegedur Societe de Transformation de lAluminium Pechiney SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods for improving the formability, and particularly the spinnability and drawability of alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type. It also relates to new formable AI-Mg-Si alloys, containing higher contents of elements which have hitherto been considered as impurities, such as iron, and to a lesser degree, copper and manganese.
  • the methods and alloys of this invention involve the use of boron.
  • Formability problems do not only concern alloys composed partially or entirely from waste.
  • two common spinning alloys are types 6060 and 6063 (Aluminum Association, Inc. Washington DC), in which the iron limits are 0.30% and 0.35%, and the limits in copper and manganese are each 0.10% in both cases.
  • the optimum iron content is kept below 0.25%, i.e. about 1/5 to 1/4 below the limits allowed in the specifications, if spinning difficulties should be avoided.
  • the presence of an informal impurity limitation such as this has drawbacks and is costly, both for supplies and for processing work.
  • the goal of Titus in using boron was to increase hardness, conductivity and resistance to corrosion.
  • the US patents of Bonsack 1,920,963 and 1,921,998 teach an inexpensive and simple process or method for treating aluminum and aluminum alloys to introduce boron therein.
  • the objective of such a treatment was to refine the grain, with a procedure hitherto complicated, difficult and expensive.
  • the fine grain resulting from the Bonsack processing method or any other method results in improved properties for casting, forging, rolling, drawing, spinning, welding, etc.
  • a fine grain results in improved physical and mechanical properties and reduces intolerance to impurities.
  • the present invention as will be apparent from the following discussion, teaches alloys incorporating and requiring boron at concentrations greater than those necessary for grain refining, regardless of the methods or processes used to introduce boron into the casting.
  • Bonsack is concerned with the composition of the alloy only, in that it relates to the alkaline and alkaline earth elements necessary for the effective acceleration of the reactions of its treatment.
  • the present invention does not involve the elements of the composition for this purpose.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the production of spinning alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type from waste aluminum alloys by the incorporation of boron.
  • the waste can constitute a part (preferably more than 20%) or even the whole of the foundry charge.
  • Different types of waste can be mixed to make up the composition of the alloy to be produced.
  • scrap old and new aluminum sheet can be used to make boron-containing spinning alloys which resemble types 6060 and 6063 in composition and spinnability, but which have higher levels of impurities (iron , copper, manganese) than those that can be tolerated in these types of alloys.
  • an additional aspect of the invention relates to the forming of rough can alloys produced from new metal scrap or mixtures, using boron to produce alloys with drawing and drawing properties. improved.
  • the impurity contents can reach the following values (% by weight): 0.05 ⁇ Mn% 0.3; 0.1 % Cu ⁇ 0.3; 0.3 % Fe% 0.7.
  • spinning alloy of the invention a new family of alloys is obtained, each alloy resembles a conventional AI-Mg-Si alloy by its composition and by its performance, but with limits noted for impurities known to interfere with performance, particularly iron, and to a lesser degree copper and manganese.
  • the spinning alloys thus supplied include boron enhanced versions of types 6060, 6061, 6063, 6351 and the like.
  • alloys 6061 and 6351 are reported below (% by weight): other elements: each ⁇ 0.05; total ⁇ 0.15
  • boron is added to aluminum in amounts ranging from 20 to 150 parts per million (ppm) in addition to the amounts of boron used for grain control according to the usual practice (usually in combination with titanium).
  • ppm parts per million
  • alloys rich in impurities, in particular iron, and to a lesser extent in Cu and Mn do not spin well, even if they have received an addition of B + Ti for the refining of the grain according to prior art. It is only when the content of B is greater than that required for the refining of the grain, in alloys with high levels of impurities, that the results in accordance with the present invention are obtained.
  • the boron content is between 20 and 80 ppm, and optionally between 30 and 50 ppm.
  • Below 20 ppm of boron there is practically no improvement in spinnability or surface quality; beyond 150 ppm, no further improvement in the spinnability or the surface condition is observed, and the risks of a prohibitive increase in the wear of the dies or other tools increase; moreover, the surface of the products becomes difficult to polish and the possibility of appearance of defects during anodization is increased.
  • the initial charge preferably contains more than 20% of waste other than A-GS (6060 or 6063).
  • the billets can be spun under the usual conditions, and the products obtained have a good surface condition, while retaining the usual mechanical characteristics.
  • Boron is preferably introduced into the molten bath before degassing, in the form of an aluminum-boron master alloy.
  • the amount of waste that can be incorporated into the load can be up to 100%.
  • compositions were cast with 100% offcuts (by weight): (see table on page 5)
  • the castings were transformed into sheets according to the usual practice, the final thickness being 0.42 mm in the H19 state.
  • the present invention provides a method for improving productivity by mitigating the factors which impede the formability of the alloys in sheet form.
  • the invention achieves its objectives of improving the spinnability and formability characteristics of alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type, and improving such alloys in a simple and effective manner , and allows producers to use a high proportion of low quality scrap for the production of high quality alloys, with consequent energy savings and better productivity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)

Description

Cette invention concerne les méthodes d'amélioration de la formabilité, et particulièrement de la filabilité et de l'emboutissabilité des alliages du type AI-Mg-Si. Elle concerne en outre de nouveaux alliages AI-Mg-Si formables, contenant des teneurs plus élevées en éléments qui ont été considérés jusqu'ici comme des impuretés, tels que le fer, et à un degré moindre, le cuivre et le manganèse. Les méthodes et alliages de cette invention mettent en jeu l'utilisation du bore.This invention relates to methods for improving the formability, and particularly the spinnability and drawability of alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type. It also relates to new formable AI-Mg-Si alloys, containing higher contents of elements which have hitherto been considered as impurities, such as iron, and to a lesser degree, copper and manganese. The methods and alloys of this invention involve the use of boron.

Des changements récents dans les conditions économiques de l'usage de l'énergie ont rendu beaucoup plus souhaitable le recyclage des déchets en aluminium, car la production d'aluminium à partir de déchets consomme beaucoup moins d'énergie que la production à partir du minerai brut. En dépit de l'attrait économique du recyclage des déchets, les essais d'utilisation de proportions importantes de déchets dans la production des alliages de filage du type AI-Mg-Si, ont été gênés par une chute significative, et inacceptable, de la filabilité de tels alliages, lorsque le niveau des impuretés (y compris le fer, le cuivre et le manganèse) augmente. Comme il est forcé que les déchets contiennent plus d'impuretés que le métal vierge, une manière classique d'éviter le manque de filabilité a été d'utiliser une proportion plus faible de déchets dans la coulée pour faire des billettes de filage, et une proportion plus élevée de métal vierge, en allant même jusqu'à l'élimination totale des déchets. Cette solution classique empêche la mise en ceuvre des avantages économiques et d'économie d'énergie des déchets. Une autre solution conventionnelle est de restreindre les déchets utilisés pour la coulée à ceux ayant essentiellement la même composition que l'alliage à obtenir dans la billette. Cette solution conventionnelle est moins que satisfaisante, car elle limite le choix des déchets, impose le tri des déchets, et ne prévient pas toujours les difficultés de filage.Recent changes in the economic conditions of energy use have made recycling aluminum waste much more desirable, since producing aluminum from waste consumes much less energy than producing it from ore. gross. Despite the economic attractiveness of waste recycling, attempts to use large proportions of waste in the production of spinning alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type have been hampered by a significant and unacceptable drop in the filability of such alloys when the level of impurities (including iron, copper and manganese) increases. As it is forced that the waste contains more impurities than the virgin metal, a conventional way to avoid the lack of spinability has been to use a lower proportion of waste in the casting to make spinning billets, and a higher proportion of virgin metal, even going so far as to completely eliminate waste. This classic solution prevents the implementation of the economic and energy saving benefits of waste. Another conventional solution is to restrict the waste used for casting to that having essentially the same composition as the alloy to be obtained in the billet. This conventional solution is less than satisfactory, because it limits the choice of waste, requires sorting of waste, and does not always prevent spinning difficulties.

Les problèmes de formabilité ne concernent pas uniquement les alliages composés partiellement ou entièrement à partir de déchets. Par exemple, deux alliages de filage courants sont les types 6060 et 6063 (Aluminium Association, Inc. Washington D. C.), dans lesquels les teneurs limites en fer sont respectivement 0,30 % et 0,35 %, et les limites en cuivre et en manganèse sont chacune 0,10 % dans les deux cas. L'expérience a montré cependant que la teneur en fer optimale est tenue en-dessous de 0,25 %, c'est-à-dire environ 1/5 à 1/4 en-dessous des limites autorisées dans les spécifications, si des difficultés de filage doivent être évitées. La présence d'une limitation d'impureté informelle telle que celle-ci a des inconvénients et est coûteuse, à la fois pour les approvisionnements et pour les travaux de transformation.Formability problems do not only concern alloys composed partially or entirely from waste. For example, two common spinning alloys are types 6060 and 6063 (Aluminum Association, Inc. Washington DC), in which the iron limits are 0.30% and 0.35%, and the limits in copper and manganese are each 0.10% in both cases. Experience has shown, however, that the optimum iron content is kept below 0.25%, i.e. about 1/5 to 1/4 below the limits allowed in the specifications, if spinning difficulties should be avoided. The presence of an informal impurity limitation such as this has drawbacks and is costly, both for supplies and for processing work.

Dans le formage par filage, la nature des problèmes qu'on peut rattacher au niveau d'impuretés concerne l'état de surface, ou la nécessité de réduire la vitesse d'extrusion pour sauvegarder l'état de surface. Les détériorations de l'état de surface semblent résulter de l'accumulation de métal ou d'oxyde métallique sur les surfaces de travail de la filière, accumulation qui ralentit le filage et rend la surface du profilé rugueuse. Dans les opérations d'emboutissage et d'étirage, telles qu'elles sont mises en jeu dans la fabrication des boîtes, un problème de formabilité souvent rencontré est la déchirure.In spinning forming, the nature of the problems that can be related to the level of impurities concerns the surface condition, or the need to reduce the extrusion speed to save the surface condition. The deterioration of the surface finish seems to result from the accumulation of metal or metal oxide on the working surfaces of the die, an accumulation which slows down the spinning and makes the surface of the profile rough. In stamping and stretching operations, as they are involved in the manufacture of boxes, a formability problem often encountered is tearing.

Le bore a été utilisé dans les alliages d'aluminium dans le passé. Le brevet US 1.916.087 de Titus, divulgue des alliages à teneur en bore allant de 0,05 à 2,0 %, c'est-à-dire 500 à 20 000 ppm, beaucoup plus qu'il n'est employé dans la présente invention, comme il sera mis en évidence dans la discussion qui suit.Boron has been used in aluminum alloys in the past. US Patent 1,916,087 to Titus discloses alloys with a boron content ranging from 0.05 to 2.0%, i.e. 500 to 20,000 ppm, much more than is used in the present invention, as will be demonstrated in the following discussion.

Le but qu'avait Titus en employant le bore était d'augmenter la dureté, la conductivité et la résistance à la corrosion.The goal of Titus in using boron was to increase hardness, conductivity and resistance to corrosion.

Les brevets américains de Bonsack 1.920.963 et 1.921.998 enseignent un procédé non coûteux et simple ou méthode pour traiter l'aluminium et les alliages d'aluminium pour y introduire du bore. L'objectif d'un tel traitement était d'affiner le grain, avec une procédure jusqu'à présent compliquée, difficile et coûteuse. Le grain fin résultant de la méthode de traitement de Bonsack ou de toute autre méthode entraîne des propriétés améliorées pour la coulée, le forgeage, le laminage, l'étirage, le filage, le soudage etc... En outre, un grain fin entraîne des propriétés physiques et mécaniques améliorées et réduit l'intolérance aux impuretés. La présente invention, comme il sera dégagé dans la discussion qui suit, enseigne des alliages incorporant et nécessitant du bore à des concentrations supérieures à celles nécessaires pour l'affinage du grain, indépendamment des méthodes ou procédés utilisés pour introduire le bore dans la coulée.The US patents of Bonsack 1,920,963 and 1,921,998 teach an inexpensive and simple process or method for treating aluminum and aluminum alloys to introduce boron therein. The objective of such a treatment was to refine the grain, with a procedure hitherto complicated, difficult and expensive. The fine grain resulting from the Bonsack processing method or any other method results in improved properties for casting, forging, rolling, drawing, spinning, welding, etc. In addition, a fine grain results in improved physical and mechanical properties and reduces intolerance to impurities. The present invention, as will be apparent from the following discussion, teaches alloys incorporating and requiring boron at concentrations greater than those necessary for grain refining, regardless of the methods or processes used to introduce boron into the casting.

Bonsack est préoccupé de la composition de l'alliage seulement, en ce qu'elle se rapporte aux éléments alcalins et alcalino-terreux nécessaires pour l'accélération effective des réactions de son traitement. La présente invention ne met pas en jeu les éléments de la composition pour ce but.Bonsack is concerned with the composition of the alloy only, in that it relates to the alkaline and alkaline earth elements necessary for the effective acceleration of the reactions of its treatment. The present invention does not involve the elements of the composition for this purpose.

Le brevet US 3.676.111 de Weiser enseigne l'utilisation du bore en association avec le titane comme affineur de grain. Il peut être noté que l'utilisation du bore pour l'affinage du grain implique la plupart du temps son utilisation en association avec le titane.US patent 3,676,111 to Weiser teaches the use of boron in combination with titanium as a grain refiner. It can be noted that the use of boron for refining the grain most of the time involves its use in combination with titanium.

Le brevet US 3.198.625 de Stroup apprend l'utilisation du bore pour former des précipités d'aluminium contenant du bore pour l'extraction des impuretés des nuances extrêmement pures d'aluminium.US Patent 3,198,625 to Stroup teaches the use of boron to form aluminum precipitates containing boron for the extraction of impurities from extremely pure shades of aluminum.

A l'autre extrémité du spectre, le brevet US 3.262.762 de Bechtold enseigne l'utilisation de quantités importantes de bore en association avec l'aluminium pour former des pièces frittées à haute température.At the other end of the spectrum, US Pat. No. 3,262,762 to Bechtold teaches the use of large quantities of boron in combination with aluminum to form sintered parts at high temperature.

D'après la demande de brevet français FR-A-2.101.745, on connaît un procédé permettant d'obtenir un alliage AI-Mg-Si hautement formable, notamment par filage à la presse, dans lequel on fond une charge contenant notamment les éléments suivants : Cu, Fe, Mn, Ti et dans lequel on incorpore au bain une quantité de bore dépassant la quantité normalement nécessaire pour l'affinage du grain. Cependant, cette addition de bore, effectuée à l'aided'un alliage-mère AI-B, n'est pas suffisante en soi pour conférer à l'alliage une aptitude suffisante au filage, laquelle n'est obtenue que par un traitement intensif en milieu gazeux, en particulier en présence de chlore, argon ou azote et par un traitement d'homogénéisation après solidification (page 1, lignes 1-20, page 2, lignes 1-28, revendications 1-3).According to French patent application FR-A-2,101,745, a process is known for obtaining a highly formable AI-Mg-Si alloy, in particular by press spinning, in which a charge is melted containing in particular the following elements: Cu, Fe, Mn, Ti and in which an amount of boron exceeding the amount is incorporated into the bath normally required for grain refining. However, this addition of boron, carried out using an AI-B master alloy, is not in itself sufficient to give the alloy sufficient spinning ability, which is only obtained by intensive treatment. in a gaseous medium, in particular in the presence of chlorine, argon or nitrogen and by a homogenization treatment after solidification (page 1, lines 1-20, page 2, lines 1-28, claims 1-3).

La méthode selon l'invention consiste donc, pour obtenir un alliage AI-Mg-Si contenant au moins les éléments mineurs suivants : Cu, Fe, Mn, hautement déformable à chaud et à froid, sans avoir recours à un affinage par voie gazeuse, à :

  • - fondre une charge contenant au moins AI, Mg et Si et les éléments suivants (% en poids) :
    • 0,1 ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3
    • 0,3 ≤ Fe 0,7
    • 0,05 ≤ Mn
  • - incorporer au bain une quantité de bore allant de 20 à 150 ppm (en poids), en plus et au-delà de la quantité de bore présente, s'il y a lieu, pour l'affinage du grain.
The method according to the invention therefore consists, in order to obtain an AI-Mg-Si alloy containing at least the following minor elements: Cu, Fe, Mn, highly deformable under hot and cold conditions, without resorting to gas refining, at :
  • - melt a charge containing at least AI, Mg and Si and the following elements (% by weight):
    • 0.1 ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3
    • 0.3 ≤ Fe 0.7
    • 0.05 ≤ Mn
  • - incorporate in the bath an amount of boron ranging from 20 to 150 ppm (by weight), in addition to and beyond the amount of boron present, if necessary, for the refining of the grain.

Selon l'invention, on a donc trouvé des méthodes pour atténuer les difficultés de formage des alliages d'aluminium du type AI-Mg-Si grâce à l'addition de bore au bain de coulée. Dans le cas des alliages de filage des types 6060 et 6063 dont les analyses sont les suivantes (% en poids) :

Figure imgb0001
autres éléments : chacun ≤ 0,05 ; total ≤ 0,15
ou d'analyses voisines, le métal fondu est coulé en une billette pour filage.According to the invention, methods have therefore been found to attenuate the difficulties of forming aluminum alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type by virtue of the addition of boron to the casting bath. In the case of spinning alloys of types 6060 and 6063, the analyzes of which are as follows (% by weight):
Figure imgb0001
 other elements: each ≤ 0.05; total ≤ 0.15
or similar analyzes, the molten metal is poured into a billet for spinning.

Dans le cas d'une ébauche pour boîtes, avec un alliage type 3004, dont l'analyse est la suivante (% en poids) :

Figure imgb0002
autres éléments : chacun ≤ 0,05 ; total ≤ 0,15
le métal fondu est coulé en un plateau qui est laminé en bande, et la bande est soumise aux opérations d'emboutissage et d'étirage pour l'obtention de boîtes.In the case of a blank for boxes, with a type 3004 alloy, the analysis of which is as follows (% by weight):
Figure imgb0002
 other elements: each ≤ 0.05; total ≤ 0.15
the molten metal is poured into a tray which is rolled into a strip, and the strip is subjected to stamping and drawing operations to obtain boxes.

Un autre aspect de l'invention concerne la production d'alliages de filage du type AI-Mg-Si à partir de déchets d'alliages à base d'aluminium par l'incorporation de bore. Les déchets peuvent constituer une partie (de préférence plus de 20 %) ou même la totalité de la charge de fonderie. Différents types de déchets peuvent être mélangés pour réaliser la composition de l'alliage qui doit être produit. Par exemple, des déchets de tôles d'aluminium anciennes et neuves peuvent être utilisés pour fabriquer des alliages de filage contenant du bore qui ressemblent aux types 6060 et 6063 par la composition et la filabilité, mais qui ont des teneurs plus élevées en impuretés (fer, cuivre, manganèse) que celles pouvant être tolérées dans ces types d'alliages.Another aspect of the invention relates to the production of spinning alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type from waste aluminum alloys by the incorporation of boron. The waste can constitute a part (preferably more than 20%) or even the whole of the foundry charge. Different types of waste can be mixed to make up the composition of the alloy to be produced. For example, scrap old and new aluminum sheet can be used to make boron-containing spinning alloys which resemble types 6060 and 6063 in composition and spinnability, but which have higher levels of impurities (iron , copper, manganese) than those that can be tolerated in these types of alloys.

De façon similaire, un aspect additionnel de l'invention concerne le formage d'alliages ébauches de boîtes produits à partir de déchets de métaux neufs ou de mélange, par utilisation de bore pour produire des alliages avec des propriétés d'emboutissage et d'étirage améliorées.Similarly, an additional aspect of the invention relates to the forming of rough can alloys produced from new metal scrap or mixtures, using boron to produce alloys with drawing and drawing properties. improved.

Les teneurs en impuretés peuvent atteindre les valeurs suivantes (% en poids) : 0,05 ≤ Mn % 0,3 ; 0,1 % Cu ≤ 0,3 ; 0,3 % Fe % 0,7.The impurity contents can reach the following values (% by weight): 0.05 ≤ Mn% 0.3; 0.1 % Cu ≤ 0.3; 0.3 % Fe% 0.7.

En accord avec l'aspect « alliage de filage de l'invention, une nouvelle famille d'alliages est obtenue, chaque alliage ressemble à un alliage classique AI-Mg-Si par sa composition et par ses performances, mais avec des limites relevées pour les impuretés connues comme gênant les performances, particulièrement le fer, et à un degré moindre le cuivre et le manganèse. Les alliages de filage ainsi fournis comprennent des versions améliorées par le bore des types 6060, 6061, 6063, 6351 et similaires.In accordance with the aspect “spinning alloy of the invention, a new family of alloys is obtained, each alloy resembles a conventional AI-Mg-Si alloy by its composition and by its performance, but with limits noted for impurities known to interfere with performance, particularly iron, and to a lesser degree copper and manganese. The spinning alloys thus supplied include boron enhanced versions of types 6060, 6061, 6063, 6351 and the like.

Les analyses des alliages 6061 et 6351 sont reportées ci-dessous (% en poids) :

Figure imgb0003
autres éléments : chacun ≤ 0,05 ; total ≤ 0,15The analyzes of alloys 6061 and 6351 are reported below (% by weight):
Figure imgb0003
 other elements: each ≤ 0.05; total ≤ 0.15

Selon les aspects « méthode » et « alliage » de l'invention, le bore est ajouté à l'aluminum en quantités allant de 20 à 150 parties par million (ppm) en plus des quantités de bore utilisées pour le contrôle du grain selon la pratique habituelle (en général en association avec le titane). En effet, les alliages riches en impuretés, en particulier le fer, et dans une moindre mesure en Cu et en Mn, ne se filent pas bien, même s'ils ont reçu une addition de B + Ti pour l'affinage du grain selon l'art antérieur. Ce n'est que lorsque la teneur en B est supérieure à celle requise pour l'affinage du grain, dans les alliages avec des niveaux d'impuretés élevés, que les résultats conformes à la présente invention sont obtenus.According to the “method” and “alloy” aspects of the invention, boron is added to aluminum in amounts ranging from 20 to 150 parts per million (ppm) in addition to the amounts of boron used for grain control according to the usual practice (usually in combination with titanium). Indeed, alloys rich in impurities, in particular iron, and to a lesser extent in Cu and Mn, do not spin well, even if they have received an addition of B + Ti for the refining of the grain according to prior art. It is only when the content of B is greater than that required for the refining of the grain, in alloys with high levels of impurities, that the results in accordance with the present invention are obtained.

De préférence, la teneur en bore, ainsi définie est comprise entre 20 et 80 ppm, et éventuellement entre 30 et 50 ppm. Au-dessous de 20 ppm de bore, on n'observe pratiquement aucune amélioration de la filabilité ou de la qualité de surface ; au-delà de 150 ppm, aucune amélioration complémentaire de la filabilité ou de l'état de surface n'est observée, et les risques d'un accroissement prohibitif de l'usure des filières ou autres outillages augmentent ; de plus, la surface des produits devient difficile à polir et la possibilité d'apparition de défauts lors de l'anodisation est accrue.Preferably, the boron content, thus defined is between 20 and 80 ppm, and optionally between 30 and 50 ppm. Below 20 ppm of boron, there is practically no improvement in spinnability or surface quality; beyond 150 ppm, no further improvement in the spinnability or the surface condition is observed, and the risks of a prohibitive increase in the wear of the dies or other tools increase; moreover, the surface of the products becomes difficult to polish and the possibility of appearance of defects during anodization is increased.

Le mécanisme par lequel l'addition de bore selon l'invention produit ses effets favorables n'est pas entièrement élucidé et la demanderesse ne désire pas être liée par une quelconque théorie ou mécanisme particulier à ce sujet. Mais il apparaît que les réactions de précipitation d'impuretés exposées dans l'art antérieur, en particulier dans les brevets américains US 3.198.625 et US 3.676.111 ne sont pas impliquées. On pense qu'en l'absence de bore, les oxydes ou autres composés des éléments d'alliage ou impuretés, ou un revêtement d'AI ou d'alumine elle-même, se forme à la surface des filières ou autres outillages. Un tel revêtement, lorsqu'il apparaît, retarde le filage, provoque des collages à chaud, rend la surface du produit rugueuse et peut provoquer des déchirures. On pense de plus que l'addition de bore selon l'invention, sous quelque forme qu'il soit dans l'alliage, peut-être sous forme d'un composé dur type borure, nettoie la filière ou maintient la surface des outillages propre.The mechanism by which the addition of boron according to the invention produces its favorable effects is not fully understood and the Applicant does not wish to be bound by any particular theory or mechanism on this subject. However, it appears that the impurity precipitation reactions set out in the prior art, in particular in US patents US 3,198,625 and US 3,667,111 are not involved. It is believed that in the absence of boron, oxides or other compounds of alloying elements or impurities, or a coating of AI or alumina itself, is formed on the surface of the dies or other tools. Such a coating, when it appears, delays spinning, causes hot sticking, makes the surface of the product rough and can cause tears. It is further thought that the addition of boron according to the invention, in whatever form it is in the alloy, perhaps in the form of a hard compound of boride type, cleans the die or keeps the surface of the tools clean .

Exemple 1Example 1

Un procédé selon la présente invention comprend :

  • 1. l'élaboration d'un alliage à partir d'une charge contenant des déchets d'alliages à base d'Al, de manière à obtenir l'analyse suivante (en poids) :
    • Si = 0,3-0,70 %
    • Mn ≤ 0,3 %
    • Mg = 0,3-0,75 %
    • Fe = 0,25-0,70 %
    • Cu ≤ 0,3 %
    • B = 20 à 150 ppm en plus de celui présent, s'il y a lieu, dans le but d'affinage du grain
    • Cr ≤ 0,10 %
    • Zn ≤ 0,10 %
    • Ti ≤ 0,05 %
    • Autres chacun ≤ 0,05 %
    • Autres total ≤ 0,15 %
    • Reste aluminium
  • 2. la coulée de l'alliage sous forme d'une billette.
  • 3. l'homogénéisation de ladite billette à une température supérieure à 565 °C pendant une durée supérieure à 4 h.
  • 4. le refroidissement de ladite billette, jusqu'à une température inférieure à 250 °C à une vitesse de refroidissement moyenne supérieure à 100 °C/h, au-dessus de 250 °C.
A method according to the present invention comprises:
  • 1. the development of an alloy from a charge containing waste alloys based on Al, so as to obtain the following analysis (by weight):
    • If = 0.3-0.70%
    • Mn ≤ 0.3%
    • Mg = 0.3-0.75%
    • Fe = 0.25-0.70%
    • Cu ≤ 0.3%
    • B = 20 to 150 ppm in addition to that present, if necessary, for the purpose of refining the grain
    • Cr ≤ 0.10%
    • Zn ≤ 0.10%
    • Ti ≤ 0.05%
    • Others each ≤ 0.05%
    • Other total ≤ 0.15%
    • Aluminum rest
  • 2. the casting of the alloy in the form of a billet.
  • 3. the homogenization of said billet at a temperature above 565 ° C for a period greater than 4 h.
  • 4. cooling said billet, to a temperature below 250 ° C at an average cooling rate greater than 100 ° C / h, above 250 ° C.

La charge initiale contient, de préférence, plus de 20 % de déchets autres que les A-GS (6060 ou 6063).The initial charge preferably contains more than 20% of waste other than A-GS (6060 or 6063).

Dans ces conditions, les billettes peuvent être filées dans les conditions habituelles, et les produits obtenus présentent un bel état de surface, tout en conservant les caractéristiques mécaniques habituelles. Le bore est de préférence introduit dans le bain fondu avant le dégazage, sous forme d'alliage mère aluminium-bore.Under these conditions, the billets can be spun under the usual conditions, and the products obtained have a good surface condition, while retaining the usual mechanical characteristics. Boron is preferably introduced into the molten bath before degassing, in the form of an aluminum-boron master alloy.

La quantité de déchets incorporables à la charge peut aller jusqu'à 100%.The amount of waste that can be incorporated into the load can be up to 100%.

Exemple 2Example 2

On a élaboré avec 100 % de chutes, les coulées de compositions suivantes (en poids) :
(voir tableau page 5)

Figure imgb0004
The following compositions were cast with 100% offcuts (by weight):
(see table on page 5)
Figure imgb0004

Les alliages A, B, C, E, F, sont conformes à l'invention ; les alliages 6063 et 6060 sont des alliages de comparaison élaborés avec 100 % de chutes de la même nuance. L'alliage D a été élaboré comme les alliages A, B, C, E, F, mais l'addition de bore y a été omise. Ces alliages ont été coulée sous forme de billettes 0 95 mm, homogénéisées à 580 °C pendant 8 h et filées à chaud sous forme de profilés tubulaires à ailettes, avec un rapport de corroyage de 90, dans deux conditions différentes :

  • a) conditions sévères : température (510 °C) et vitesse de filage (V = 120 m/mn) élevées,
  • b) conditions normales : température (480 °C) et vitesse de filage (V = 50 m/mn) habituelles.
Alloys A, B, C, E, F, are in accordance with the invention; alloys 6063 and 6060 are comparison alloys produced with 100% scrap of the same grade. Alloy D was developed like alloys A, B, C, E, F, but the addition of boron was omitted there. These alloys were cast in the form of 0 95 mm billets, homogenized at 580 ° C for 8 h and hot-spun in the form of tubular profiles with fins, with a working ratio of 90, under two different conditions:
  • a) severe conditions: high temperature (510 ° C) and spinning speed (V = 120 m / min),
  • b) normal conditions: usual temperature (480 ° C) and spinning speed (V = 50 m / min).

L'aspect des profilés est donné dans le tableau Il :

Figure imgb0005
The appearance of the profiles is given in table II:
Figure imgb0005

On peut noter le très mauvais comportement de l'alliage D sans bore. Les caractéristiques de traction après revenu 8 h à 175 °C sont données dans le tableau III.

Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
 We can note the very bad behavior of the alloy D without boron. The traction characteristics after 8 hours tempering at 175 ° C are given in Table III.
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007

Exemple 3Example 3

L'alliage 3004 selon l'Aluminium Association est un alliage utilisable pour la fabrication de boîtes pour boissons. Son analyse est la suivante (en poids) :

  • Si 0,30 %
  • Fe 0,70 %
  • Cu 0,25 %
  • Mn 1,0 à 1,5 %
  • Mg ≤ 0,8 à 1,3%
  • Zn 0,25 %
  • Autres chacun ≤ 0,05 %
  • Autres total ≤ 0,15 %
  • Reste: aluminium
Alloy 3004 according to the Aluminum Association is an alloy usable for the manufacture of beverage cans. His analysis is as follows (by weight):
  • If 0.30%
  • Fe 0.70%
  • Cu 0.25%
  • Mn 1.0 to 1.5%
  • Mg ≤ 0.8 to 1.3%
  • 0.25% Zn
  • Others each ≤ 0.05%
  • Other total ≤ 0.15%
  • Rest: aluminum

Dans chacune de deux coulées de 40 tonnes d'alliage, type 3004, on a introduit du bore, l'addition étant faite sous forme de 100 kg d'alliage-mère ayant une composition AI = 96 %, B = 4 % ; les introductions ont été faites durant le transfert du métal entre le four de fusion et le four de maintien.In each of two flows of 40 tonnes of alloy, type 3004, boron was introduced, the addition being made in the form of 100 kg of mother alloy having a composition AI = 96%, B = 4%; the introductions were made during the transfer of the metal between the melting furnace and the holding furnace.

Les coulées ont été transformées en tôles suivant la pratique habituelle, l'épaisseur finale étant de 0,42 mm à l'état H19.The castings were transformed into sheets according to the usual practice, the final thickness being 0.42 mm in the H19 state.

Le métal a été ensuite transformé en corps de boîtes de boissons sur des presses d'emboutissage- étirage à grande vitesse. En 24 heures de production, il y a eu 19 casses, c'est-à-dire les cas où le métal se déchire au cours de l'emboutissage ou de l'étirage. Ceci représente une réduction de 30 % du nombre de casses rencontrées en moyenne sur cet ensemble de presses, quand on y travaille du 3004 standard sans addition de bore.The metal was then transformed into bodies of beverage cans on high speed drawing and drawing presses. In 24 hours of production, there have been 19 breaks, i.e. cases where the metal tears during drawing or drawing. This represents a 30% reduction in the number of breaks encountered on average on this set of presses, when working with standard 3004 without the addition of boron.

De plus, pratiquement aucun polissage des outils n'a été nécessaire en l'absence de dépôts sur les outillages des presses.In addition, practically no polishing of the tools was necessary in the absence of deposits on the press tools.

D'après ce qui précède, on peut constater que la présente invention fournit une méthode pour améliorer la productivité en atténuant les facteurs qui font obstacle à la formabilité des alliages sous forme de tôles.From the above, it can be seen that the present invention provides a method for improving productivity by mitigating the factors which impede the formability of the alloys in sheet form.

En résumé, on peut voir d'après la description précédente que l'invention atteint ses objectifs d'amélioration des caractéristiques de filabilité et de formabilité des alliages type AI-Mg-Si, et l'amélioration de tels alliages de manière simple et efficace, et permet aux producteurs d'utiliser une forte proportion de chutes de basse qualité pour la production d'alliages de haute qualité, avec en conséquence, des économies d'énergie et une meilleure productivité.In summary, it can be seen from the preceding description that the invention achieves its objectives of improving the spinnability and formability characteristics of alloys of the AI-Mg-Si type, and improving such alloys in a simple and effective manner , and allows producers to use a high proportion of low quality scrap for the production of high quality alloys, with consequent energy savings and better productivity.

Claims (8)

1. A method of producing an AI-Mg-Si alloy containing at least the following minor elements : Cu, Fe and Mn, which is highly deformable in the hot and in the cold conditions, without having recourse to gaseous-process refining, characterised by melting a charge containing at least Al, Mg, Si and the following elements (in percent by weight) :
Figure imgb0011
Figure imgb0012
Figure imgb0013
and by incorporating in the bath an amount of boron ranging from 20 to 150 ppm (by weight) over and above the amount of boron present if required for refining the grain.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the amount of boron incorporated is from 20 to 80 ppm.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the amount of boron incorporated is from 30 to 50 ppm.
4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the charge contains more than 20 % of scrap of AI-base alloys other than that which is to be produced.
5. A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the boron is introduced just before degassing and pouring.
6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the boron is introduced in the form of an Al-B or.Al-Ti-B mother alloy.
7. A method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the alloy is of type 6060 or 6061 or 6063 or 6351 (using the Aluminium Association nomenclature).
8. A method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the alloy is of type 3004 (using the Aluminium Association nomenclature).
EP82420063A 1981-05-15 1982-05-12 Method for the extrusion characteristics of aluminium alloys of the al-mg-si-type Expired EP0069026B1 (en)

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US6004409A (en) * 1997-01-24 1999-12-21 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Production of high quality machinable tolling plate using brazing sheet scrap
DE10031744A1 (en) 2000-06-29 2002-01-17 Sanguibio Tech Ag Mammalian hemoglobins compatible with blood plasma, crosslinked and conjugated with polyalkylene oxides as artificial medical oxygen carriers, their production and their use
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CN105624442B (en) * 2016-01-11 2018-05-25 南昌大学 A kind of method that fast instant silicon process produces 6063 aluminium alloy bars
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