EP0065600B1 - Gestell zum Schnellbrennen keramischer Gegenstände in einem Ofen - Google Patents

Gestell zum Schnellbrennen keramischer Gegenstände in einem Ofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0065600B1
EP0065600B1 EP19810302252 EP81302252A EP0065600B1 EP 0065600 B1 EP0065600 B1 EP 0065600B1 EP 19810302252 EP19810302252 EP 19810302252 EP 81302252 A EP81302252 A EP 81302252A EP 0065600 B1 EP0065600 B1 EP 0065600B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
bars
bar
assembly according
further characterised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19810302252
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0065600A1 (de
Inventor
William John Lovatt
John Elliott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Acme Marls Ltd
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Acme Marls Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acme Marls Ltd filed Critical Acme Marls Ltd
Priority to EP19810302252 priority Critical patent/EP0065600B1/de
Priority to DE8181302252T priority patent/DE3172752D1/de
Publication of EP0065600A1 publication Critical patent/EP0065600A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0065600B1 publication Critical patent/EP0065600B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
    • F26B25/18—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a kiln support assembly for fast firing of ceramic ware. It is primarily intended for once-fired tiles or tableware such as plates or cups, these processes requiring that the soft, unfired tile or other article is well supported over its entire area to prevent deformation. The following description will, for convenience, refer to the firing of tiles.
  • a kiln support assembly for fast firing of ceramic ware comprising a plurality of spaced uprights, an intermediate member extending between and supported on said uprights and a plurality of spaced bars supported on said intermediate member and forming collectively a supporting surface to receive ceramic ware, characterised in that the intermediate member comprises a rigid one-piece open frame which has an accurately planar upper surface, and that a plurality of the bars extend across the open frame and are supported at two spaced positions by engagement with spaced portions of the upper surface of the open frame, the bars supported by the open frame all being identical in depth at least where they engage the upper surface of the open frame, and each bar having at its, in use, uppermost edge an accurately level ware-engaging surface whereby collectively the ware-engaging surfaces define an accurately planar supporting surface.
  • the open frame may be provided with guide means (20) which are upright in use and which are engageable by respective guide portions of the bars to locate the bars correctly in use.
  • the guide means (20) may comprise a plurality of grooves or ribs in the outer or inner periphery of the frame, the guide portions of the bars comprising upright edges provided on the bars and engageable in the grooves or between the ribs forming the guide means on the frame.
  • the bar may have a cut-out in its edge which is lowermost in use, upright border edges of the cut-out forming said guide portions.
  • the edge of the bar which is lowermost in use may have a downwardly projecting tongue, upright border edges of the tongue forming said guide portions.
  • the cut-out or tongue may be centrally disposed and may extend through approximately one half of the length of the bar.
  • the lowermost edge of the bar may taper upwardly at the end portions of the bar beyond the cut-out or tongue.
  • Adjacent to the upright edges of the cut-out or tongue stepped portions of the bar may be provided to afford localised downwardly directed contact faces, whereby the bar is supported on the open frame.
  • the bars may be made by die pressing, the uppermost and lowermost edges in use being accurately defined by the dies.
  • the open frame may be made by die pressing with the planar upper surface being accurately defined by the dies.
  • a kiln support assembly 10 for fast firing tiles is intended to be mounted on the base 11 of a kiln car (not shown).
  • the assembly 11 comprises a plurality of uprights which are in the form of tubes 12 embedded in the base 11 and carrying, at their upper ends, small locating members 13.
  • Each locating member which is of generally known type, comprises a disc having a downwardly extending projection to locate in the top of the tube 12 and an upwardly projecting stud to locate in a rigid one-piece open frame 14 intermediate the uprights and a plurality of bars 16 which define the supporting surface.
  • the frame 14 can be seen more clearly in Figure 3 and is generally square in plan. On its underside, a plurality of locating recesses 15 are provided to receive the respective studs of locating members on which the frame is carried. As is customary in supporting kiln furniture, each frame is supported at three spaced positions on three of the tubes 12 and locating members 13, to avoid the possibility of the frame rocking if the tubes are of unequal lengths or are not accurately vertical for example.
  • the frame 14 supports a plurality of bars 16 which collectively form the platform to receive a tile to be fired.
  • Each bar has a cut-out 17 in its lowermost edge, the cut-out having upright end faces 18 and adjacent stepped portions affording downwardly directed contact faces 19.
  • Each bar rests on the frame by means of the contact faces 19.
  • Upright grooves in the outer periphery of the frame receive the portions of the bars outwardly of the faces 18. Alternatively, the grooves could be replaced by spaces defined between pairs of ribs on the outer periphery of the frame. It will therefore be seen that the bars can be slotted into place on the frame so as to be located and supported by the frame. No cement is used in this assembly.
  • the bars and the frame are each formed by die pressing, for example dust pressing, which gives rise to products with accurate specific dimensional characteristics. It will be appreciated that the quantity of material is placed between dies which are forced together. Because of unpredictability in the amount of compression possible between the dies, the thickness of such products is subject to some variation. However, the dimensions defined by the contours of the dies themselves, and the profiles of surfaces defined by the dies are all accurate to very close tolerances.
  • the thickness of the bar may vary slightly but that the exact shape and orientation of the uppermost and lowermost faces 21 and 22 are accurately controlled.
  • the upper surface 23 can be accurately flat whereas the precise thickness of the frame in the vertical direction in use may be subject to some variation.
  • the kiln support assembly constructed as shown will always define a flat ware-engaging surface for supporting a tile placed on top because the upper surface 23 of the frame is accurately flat and the top to bottom dimension of the bar, between the uppermost edge and the lowermost edge, is also accurately controlled. It is not absolutely critical that the upper surface 23 of the frame is precisely horizontal in use, and it may not be so if the supporting tubes 13 are of unequal lengths or are not accurately level where they are supported at the base 11 of the kiln car.
  • the advantages of the kiln support assembly described for fast firing are considerable.
  • the open support in the form of the frame 14 allows kiln gases to pass freely through and between the bars 16.
  • the gases have access to virtually the whole undersurface of the tile held on the uppermost faces 21 of the bars 16.
  • the bars define an accurately flat supporting surface for the tile.
  • cut-out 17 is central in the bar 16 and occupies about one half of its length, the remaining end portions 24 of the bar each being about one quarter of its total length.
  • the lowermost edge 22 tapers upwardly of these end portions so as to reduce the weight of the outermost parts which support the least load.
  • the bars are fairly thin and have low thermal mass.
  • the frame has low thermal mass because of its open centre.
  • the tubes 12 and locating members 13 are also of relatively low thermal mass and connections between them and the frame are very localised. At no part of the assembly is there a large mass of material into which heat from the kiln cannot penetrate fairly rapidly. In this way, the possibility of cracking in the strong heating encountered in a fast firing kiln is reduced to a minimum.
  • the frame is provided with grooves in pairs along each pair of opposed sides so that the frames need not be turned round during assembly.
  • the grooves adjacent the corners of the frame coincide with part of the thickness of the side wall of the frame and, if a bar is laid directly across the top of the ring at this point, an undesirably large area of contact would be formed. For this reason, the bars actually rest on the stepped contact faces 19 provided adjacent the upright faces 18 of the cut-out 17. The area of contact is therefore very small for each of the bars, even those placed across the frame adjacent its side walls.
  • each frame has a plan area only about half that of the supporting surface defined by the bars 16. This means that a small frame can be used for firing a large tile or, without any modification of the assembly, for supporting two or more small tiles.
  • a massive bat of the same size as the tile it will be seen that there is considerable economy in the mass of the kiln support assembly and this leads to production economies because the mass to be heated up is smaller, and also to reduction in cracking risk because of the slow heat up of a bat having a large thermal mass.
  • any damage to the bars by cracking in the kiln is unlikely to have disastrous results on subsequent firing.
  • any bar that cracks is likely to do so in a central region and, because of the weight of the tile or tiles resting on the bar, it will not be able to fall out of the assembly but will remain in place until the kiln car emerges from the kiln and the tile is removed.
  • the frame can be provided with upright grooves or pairs of guide ribs on its innermost periphery.
  • the bars will then be provided with downwardly extending tongues in their lower edges which will sit within the frame, located by the grooves or ribs.
  • the upright edges of the tongue are provided adjacent a step at each side which will afford a small contact edge to support the bar on the upper surface of the frame.
  • the bars extend outside the plan area of the frame so that the overhanging end portions 24 constitute cantilevers which spread the load of the tile carried by the bars and reduce the tendency for each bar to "bend" in the middle.
  • the upward taper on the lowermost edge of the end portions of all the bars provides a horizontal passageway or chimney through the kiln below the tapered ends of the bars which promotes excellent circulation of kiln gases.
  • the uppermost face 21 of the bar need not be flat. It could be provided with regular, accurately dimensioned undulations or projections so that the contact between the tile and the bar would be extremely localised. Of course, with the bars being closely spaced, and the undulations or projections being close together, the tile would still be adequately supported but gas circulation to the back of the tile would be extremely good.
  • the assembly is primarily designed for once fired tiles, or tableware such as plates or cups, it can be used for second or subsequent firing of twice fired tiles or tableware such as plates or cups.
  • the amount of support required is minimal and it would be economical to remove all but two or three of the bars from each assembly so as to support the tile with the minimum amount of heat loss in the support assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Ofenabstützungsanordnung für ein Schnellbrennen von keramischen Gütern, aufweisend eine Mehrzahl von beabstandeten Pfeilern, ein mittleres Teil, das sich zwischen den Pfeilern und auf diesen abgestützt erstreckt, und eine Mehrzahl von beabstandeten Stangen, abgestützt auf dem mittleren Teil und bildend zusammengenommen eine Abstützungsfläche zur Aufnahme von keramischen Gütern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mittlere Teil einen starren, einstückigen offenen Rahmen (14) aufweist, der eine sehr genaue ebene obere Oberfläche (23) besitzt, und daß eine Mehrzahl der Stangen (16) sich quer zu dem offenen Rahmen (14) erstrecken und in zwei beabstandeten Positionen abgestützt sind durch ein Zusammenwirken mit beabstandeten Bereichen der oberen Oberfläche (23) des offenen Rahmens· (14), daß die Stangen (14), abgestützt durch'den offenen Rahmen (14), alle in ihrer Tiefe übereinstimmend sind, zumindest dort, wo sie mit der oberen Oberfläche (23) des offenen Rahmens zusammenwirken, und daß jede Stange (16) an ihren, bei Verwendung, obersten Ecken eine sehr genaue Oberfläche (21) zur Zusammenwirkung mit den keramischen Gütern aufweist, wobei zusammengenommen die Oberflächen, die mit den keramischen Gütern zusammenwirken, eine sehr genaue ebene Abstützungsfläche bilden.
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Führungsmittel (20) vorgesehen sind an dem offenen Rahmen (14) und daß diese durch entsprechende Führungsbereiche der Stangen (16) erfaßbar sind, um die Stangen bei Verwendung sehr genau anzuordnen.
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungsmittel (20) eine Mehrzahl von vertikalen Ausnehmungen oder beabstandeten vertikalen Rippen an dem äußeren Umfang des Rahmens (14) aufweisen, und die Führungsbereiche der Stangen (16) unterstützt werden durch Endbereiche (24) derselben, außerhalb des Rahmens, und erfaßbar durch die Ausnehmungen oder zwischen den Rippen, die die Führungsmittel des Rahmens (14) bilden.
4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 3, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungsbereiche der Stangen Pfeilerendflächen (18) an den Enden der Ausschnitte (17) aufweisen, zentral angeordnet entlang der Länge der Stange (16) und sich erstreckend über ungefähr eine Hälfte der Länge der Stange, welche Endflächen (18) in Zusammenwirkung bringbar sind mit dem äußeren Umfang des Rahmens (14).
5. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungsmittel eine Mehrzahl von vertikalen Ausnehmungen oder beabstandeten vertikalen Rippen an dem inneren Umfang des offenen Rahmens aufweisen und die Führungsflächen der Stangen gebildet sind durch Zungen, die an den Stangen vorgesehen sind und in Zusammenwirkung bringbar sind mit den Ausnehmungen oder zwischen den Rippen, die die Führungsmittel des Rahmens bilden.
6. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zungen Stützendflächen aufweisen, die in Zusammenwirkung bringbar sind mit dem inneren Umfang des Rahmens.
7. Anordnung nach Anspruch 4 oder 6, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß angrenzend an die Stützflächen (18) stufenartige Bereiche der Stange (16) örtlich nach unten gerichtete Kontaktflächen (19) ergeben, wobei die Stange (16) auf dem Rahmen (14) abgestützt ist.
8. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer Verwendung die unterste Ecke der Endbereiche (24) der stange unterhalb des Rahmens (14) nach oben und außen gebogen ist.
9. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit der Keramikware zusammenwirkende Fläche (21) an der obersten Ecke der Stange (16) regelmäßige, sehr genau angeordnete Vorsprünge aufweist.
10. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stangen (16) und der offene Rahmen (14) durch Gesenkformen hergestellt sind, wobei die obersten und untersten Ecken der Stangen (16) und die ebene Oberfläche (23) des offenen Rahmens (14) durch die Formen sehr genau ausgebildet sind.
EP19810302252 1981-05-21 1981-05-21 Gestell zum Schnellbrennen keramischer Gegenstände in einem Ofen Expired EP0065600B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19810302252 EP0065600B1 (de) 1981-05-21 1981-05-21 Gestell zum Schnellbrennen keramischer Gegenstände in einem Ofen
DE8181302252T DE3172752D1 (en) 1981-05-21 1981-05-21 Kiln support assembly for fast firing of tiles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19810302252 EP0065600B1 (de) 1981-05-21 1981-05-21 Gestell zum Schnellbrennen keramischer Gegenstände in einem Ofen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0065600A1 EP0065600A1 (de) 1982-12-01
EP0065600B1 true EP0065600B1 (de) 1985-10-30

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ID=8188311

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810302252 Expired EP0065600B1 (de) 1981-05-21 1981-05-21 Gestell zum Schnellbrennen keramischer Gegenstände in einem Ofen

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EP (1) EP0065600B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3172752D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2933174B1 (fr) * 2008-06-26 2010-08-20 Imerys Tc Dispositif de sechage d'un produit en ceramique,notamment en argile
FR3139189A1 (fr) 2022-08-26 2024-03-01 Technique L.B Wagon de transport de produits dans des fours

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1240204A (en) * 1917-07-25 1917-09-18 Arthur W Healey Operating mechanism for washing-machines.
US2434852A (en) * 1946-10-16 1948-01-20 Ohio Steel Foundry Co Grid hearth
DE1800718B2 (de) * 1968-10-02 1971-08-19 Bausatz zur erstellung eines veraenderbaren aufbaus auf einem brennwagen zum brennen von sanitaer und baukeramik im. tunnelofen
DE2028407A1 (en) * 1970-06-09 1971-12-16 Annawerk Gmbh Ceramic kiln structure - for support of crockery
DE2121741A1 (en) * 1971-05-03 1972-11-09 Ceramano-Keramik, W.J. Schwaderlapp Kg, 5412 Ransbach-Baumbach Wheeled batt - for rapid firing ceramic kilns esp tunnel kilns
GB2063801B (en) * 1979-11-27 1983-06-02 Salviati Impianti Spa Truck or the like for conveying ceramic articles through a kiln

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3172752D1 (en) 1985-12-05
EP0065600A1 (de) 1982-12-01

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