EP0053965B1 - Prestressed concrete structure, method of constructing the same and elements for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Prestressed concrete structure, method of constructing the same and elements for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0053965B1
EP0053965B1 EP81401862A EP81401862A EP0053965B1 EP 0053965 B1 EP0053965 B1 EP 0053965B1 EP 81401862 A EP81401862 A EP 81401862A EP 81401862 A EP81401862 A EP 81401862A EP 0053965 B1 EP0053965 B1 EP 0053965B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
structure according
lattice
concrete
plate
bars
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EP81401862A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0053965A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Richard
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Bouygues SA
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Bouygues SA
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Priority to AT81401862T priority Critical patent/ATE16616T1/en
Publication of EP0053965A1 publication Critical patent/EP0053965A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E01D2/04—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the box-girder type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/28—Concrete reinforced prestressed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prestressed concrete structure having a hollowed out slab behavior, in particular for constituting a bridge deck, a covering or a floor.
  • a hollowed-out concrete slab obtained by molding is known. This technique practically requires that the slab has reduced dimensions. It has been proposed to increase these dimensions by constituting the slab by means of two concrete plates braced by a steel trellis (CH-A-401 120), but such a slab has the disadvantages and difficulties of producing a mixed structure. steel-concrete.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a concrete structure having a hollow slab behavior without having the above-mentioned drawbacks and limitations.
  • the structure of the invention which comprises two reinforced or pre-stressed concrete plates arranged opposite and connected by a multidirectional lattice disposed in the volume between the plates, is characterized in particular in that said lattice consists of elements rigid prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete, each comprising at least one group of at least two bars and at least one cross member arranged along the three sides of a triangle, and in that the structure comprises concrete blocks located between the two plates and integral with at least one of the plates, and cables for prestressing the structure anchored at their ends in some of the massifs and passing inside said volume and / or in the vicinity of the plates while remaining at the exterior of the lattice concrete.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such a structure from these trellis elements.
  • At least one plate is prefabricated having reserves suitable for each receiving a meeting point of two bars of a trellis element, there are prefabricated trellis elements on the plate so that the chosen meeting points are placed in the reserves, concrete is poured into the reserves around said points to form nodes and secure the plate and the lattice elements in a rigid transportable unit.
  • some of the cross members of the trellis elements are used to produce the difficult part of the formwork of the other plate of the structure, the rest of the formwork being achievable by means of formwork simply slid between the elements of trellis parallel to the length of the structure.
  • some of the crosspieces of the trellis elements follow each other by forming a line which extends over part or the entire length of a plate which possibly includes places where two crosspieces are joined and which possibly meet with other lines.
  • the bridge shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises, in a manner known per se, an apron made up of successive spans 1 and resting on abutments end 2, 3 as well as on intermediate stacks 4.
  • the invention relates, firstly, to the structure of the bridge deck and, by way of example, a common span of the deck will be described below.
  • This span comprises at each end a massif.
  • the span deck consists of two plates or “tables in reinforced or prestressed concrete, respectively lower and upper, connected by a concrete triangulation.
  • the assembly is prestressed by cables which run from one block to another passing through the volume of the triangulation but outside the concrete of the triangulation, and under the concrete of the lower table thanks to the passages provided. for this purpose.
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the span in the region of the front end of the span.
  • the front massif 5 of the span located between the two tables 6, 7 and forming a body with them.
  • the cable 8, at its exit from the block passes through the volume of the triangulation then in a passage 10 formed in the lower table 6; it then undergoes a deviation and then goes straight along table 6; further on, it will be deflected in the opposite direction, will go up in the volume occupied by the triangulation then will lead to the solid mass located at the other end of the span.
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the deck at a place where the cable 9, in turn, passes through a passage 11 of the lower table, then spins straight along the table.
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the deck at another location where the two cables 8, 9 go up in the volume of the triangulation.
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the other end (or rear end) of the span which shows the other block 12 located between the tables and integral with them.
  • Anchoring blocks are normally provided on the end abutments of the bridge.
  • Figure 6 shows for example an anchor block 5 on the abutment 3 of the front end of the bridge.
  • At least some of the anchor or passageways for the prestressing cables are preferably essentially made up of veils or concrete slabs, as best appears in FIG. 7 which is a half - transverse section of a massif such as 12.
  • the massif is made up of several sections which each include a vertical veil or central plate 14 and oblique veils or lateral plates 15,16, the three veils or plates being arranged in leg goose.
  • FIG. 8 which is a longitudinal section of the massif, it can be seen that the central veil 14 has a markedly greater extent than the lateral veils.
  • the prestressing cables pass or are anchored in the central web 14.
  • the cable passage plane is designated at 17 in FIG. 7.
  • the solid masses on the abutment have a similar structure.
  • the invention also relates to a particular embodiment of triangulation.
  • the triangulation is preferably a structure consisting of concrete bars which may have a small cross section because the prestressing cables pass outside the concrete of the bars.
  • the bars meet the tables in places or "nodes whose shapes are designed to deflect the prestressing cables, as necessary.
  • Figure 9 which is a current cross section of the deck (or in other words, a section along the length of a segment) shows the bars 18 of the triangulation which lead to nodes 19, 20, respectively in the lower table 6 and in the upper table 7. Some of the nodes have grooves 21 through which the prestressing cables can pass, such as cables 8 and 9.
  • the tables include, as necessary, ribs which have passages cooperating with the grooves of the nodes to guide and deflect the prestressing cables, either along the table or through the table.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are longitudinal vertical sections of the lower table at two successive locations and in FIG. 12 which shows transverse vertical sections made in these locations.
  • FIG. 10 and 11 we have disregarded the triangulation bars.
  • Figures 13 and 14 respectively show a node of the lower table seen from above, and a node of the upper table seen from below.
  • Figure 15 a schematic perspective of a portion of the deck.
  • the arrow 23 designates in the figure the direction in which the bridge extends. We find on this figure some of the characteristics which were described previously as well as other charac which will be mentioned below.
  • the structure also includes prestressing cables 8 ', 9', which extend transversely (while the cables such as 8 and 9 extend longitudinally) and which are anchored in solid masses or concrete sails, such as for example the veil 24 situated between the tables 6, 7 and being integral with them.
  • prestressing cables 8 ', 9' which extend transversely (while the cables such as 8 and 9 extend longitudinally) and which are anchored in solid masses or concrete sails, such as for example the veil 24 situated between the tables 6, 7 and being integral with them.
  • These transverse cables like the longitudinal cables, pass outside the concrete of the bars 18 of the triangulation and are deflected at the locations of some of the nodes of the lower table.
  • the prestressing cables can pass in the vicinity of the upper table instead of passing in the vicinity of the lower table.
  • the cables when they pass under the lower table or above the upper table, do not deviate from it more than a distance equal to a fraction of the distance of the two tables, for example a distance equal to one tenth of the distance between the tables.
  • the cables are mainly located between the tables.
  • the invention also relates, as has already been indicated, to a technique for constructing the bridge deck.
  • the basic element is generally a rigid trellis element which, in a typical example, consists of two bars 18 and a cross-member 25 arranged along the three sides of a triangle as seen in FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 17 schematically illustrates the production of a trellis pyramid by means of trellis elements as described above.
  • the pyramid is made up of four elements A, B, C, D which are arranged so that each lattice element provides a bar arranged along one of the edges of the pyramid.
  • the four elements A, B, C, D are arranged in pairs in two oblique planes, the meeting points of the bars of the elements being brought together to form the top of the pyramid, the two elements of a couple having their two aligned crosspieces 25 and two bars 18 juxtaposed, the other two bars 18 being arranged along two edges of the pyramid.
  • the top of the pyramid is housed in a reserve 26 of a plate and concrete is poured around the reserve to form a knot around this summit and block the pyramid in position.
  • the trellis elements are held by any suitable means. If necessary, the two pairs are and remain temporarily braced until complete stiffening.
  • pyramidal configuration can be obtained with other trellis elements and that this shape, while being preferred, is not limiting.
  • pyramids P appear in FIG. 15 except in the foreground which passes through the median plane of a file of pyramids and which consequently shows only two elements of each pyramid.
  • crosspieces do not intervene in the function of the trellis, their role is to maintain the bars in the desired arrangement during the completion of the work and to serve as formwork for formworking the parts of the upper plate which, usually, are difficult to form.
  • the prestressing cables are possibly protected, for example by a concrete coating which cannot be confused with the concrete of the triangulation.
  • the invention makes it possible to achieve significant savings in concrete, up to 30%, in the construction of a bridge.
  • the efficiency defined by the ratio between the height of the vertical range through which the pressure line must pass (due to the prestressing, the weight of the structure and the operating loads) and the total height of the structure (that is to say the height of the hollowed slab) can reach 0.65 to 0.95 according to the teachings of the invention, instead of remaining in the range 0.35-0, 55 obtained by conventional methods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a prestressed concrete structure which behaves like a hollowed out slab. The structure combines a lattice work structure and a prestress by external cable, maximally optimizing the advantages of these two techniques. The Figure represents a part of the floor of a bridge according to the present invention. The floor comprises two tables 6 and 7 which are joined by a lattice work composed of pyramids P. Prestressing cables 8, 8' and 9' pass between the tables outside the concrete of the bars of the pyramids. The present invention is used for the construction of bridges, roofings and floors.

Description

L'invention concerne une structure en béton précontraint ayant un comportement de dalle évidée, notamment pour constituer un tablier de pont, une couverture ou un plancher.The invention relates to a prestressed concrete structure having a hollowed out slab behavior, in particular for constituting a bridge deck, a covering or a floor.

On connaît une dalle évidée en béton obtenue par moulage. Cette technique impose pratiquement que la dalle ait des dimensions réduites. On a proposé d'augmenter ces dimensions en constituant la dalle au moyen de deux plaques en béton entretoisées par un treillis en acier (CH-A-401 120) mais une telle dalle présente les inconvénients et les difficultés de réalisation d'une structure mixte acier-béton. Le but de la présente invention est de fournir une structure en béton ayant un comportement de dalle évidée sans présenter les inconvénients et les limitations susvisés.A hollowed-out concrete slab obtained by molding is known. This technique practically requires that the slab has reduced dimensions. It has been proposed to increase these dimensions by constituting the slab by means of two concrete plates braced by a steel trellis (CH-A-401 120), but such a slab has the disadvantages and difficulties of producing a mixed structure. steel-concrete. The object of the present invention is to provide a concrete structure having a hollow slab behavior without having the above-mentioned drawbacks and limitations.

Selon l'invention, on combine une structure à treillis en béton et la précontrainte par câble extérieur en optimisant au maximum les avantages de ces deux techniques.According to the invention, a concrete trellis structure and prestressing by an external cable are combined, optimizing the advantages of these two techniques as much as possible.

La structure de l'invention qui comprend deux plaques en béton armé ou précontraint disposées en vis-à-vis et reliées par un treillis multidirectionnel disposé dans le volume compris entre les plaques, est caractérisée notamment en ce que ledit treillis est constitué d'éléments préfabriqués rigides en béton armé ou précontraint comprenant chacun au moins un groupe d'au moins deux barres et d'au moins une traverse disposées suivant les trois côtés d'un triangle, et en ce que la structure comprend des massifs en béton situés entre les deux plaques et solidaires de l'une des plaques au moins, et des câbles de précontrainte de la structure ancrés à leurs extrémités dans certains des massifs et passant à l'intérieur dudit volume et/ou dans le voisinage des plaques en restant à l'extérieur du béton du treillis.The structure of the invention which comprises two reinforced or pre-stressed concrete plates arranged opposite and connected by a multidirectional lattice disposed in the volume between the plates, is characterized in particular in that said lattice consists of elements rigid prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete, each comprising at least one group of at least two bars and at least one cross member arranged along the three sides of a triangle, and in that the structure comprises concrete blocks located between the two plates and integral with at least one of the plates, and cables for prestressing the structure anchored at their ends in some of the massifs and passing inside said volume and / or in the vicinity of the plates while remaining at the exterior of the lattice concrete.

Parmi toutes les réalisations d'une telle structure, on donne la préférence à celles qui présentent uneou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • - le treillis forme des pyramides,
  • - le béton présent dans une section dudit volume compris entre les plaques par un plan médian sensiblement parallèles aux plaques est fourni au moins à 50 % par des barres du treillis,
  • - les plaques comportent aux intersections du treillis et des plaques, des noeuds dont certains au moins présentent des gorges pour guider et/ou dévier les câbles de précontrainte de la structure.
Among all the embodiments of such a structure, preference is given to those which have one or more of the following characteristics:
  • - the trellis forms pyramids,
  • - the concrete present in a section of said volume included between the plates by a median plane substantially parallel to the plates is supplied at least 50% by lattice bars,
  • - The plates comprise at the intersections of the trellis and the plates, nodes, at least some of which have grooves for guiding and / or deflecting the prestressing cables of the structure.

L'invention concerne également un procédé pour la réalisation d'une telle structure à partir de ces éléments de treillis.The invention also relates to a method for producing such a structure from these trellis elements.

Selon l'invention, on préfabrique au moins une plaque comportant des réserves propres à recevoir chacune un point de rencontre de deux barres d'un élément de treillis, on dispose des éléments de treillis préfabriqués sur la plaque en sorte que les points de rencontre choisis soient placés dans les réserves, on coule du béton dans les réserves autour desdits points pour constituer des noeuds et solidariser la plaque et les éléments de treillis en une unité rigide transportable.According to the invention, at least one plate is prefabricated having reserves suitable for each receiving a meeting point of two bars of a trellis element, there are prefabricated trellis elements on the plate so that the chosen meeting points are placed in the reserves, concrete is poured into the reserves around said points to form nodes and secure the plate and the lattice elements in a rigid transportable unit.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, on utilise certaines des traverses des éléments de treillis pour réaliser la partie difficile du coffrage de l'autre plaque de la structure, le reste du coffrage étant réalisable au moyen de coffrages simplement glissés entre les éléments de treillis parallèlement à la longueur de l'ouvrage.According to another aspect of the invention, some of the cross members of the trellis elements are used to produce the difficult part of the formwork of the other plate of the structure, the rest of the formwork being achievable by means of formwork simply slid between the elements of trellis parallel to the length of the structure.

De façon typique, certaines des traverses des éléments de treillis se suivent en formant une ligne qui s'étend sur une partie ou sur la totalité de la longueur d'une plaque qui comprend éventuellement des endroits où deux traverses sont accolées et qui éventuellement se rencontrent avec d'autres lignes.Typically, some of the crosspieces of the trellis elements follow each other by forming a line which extends over part or the entire length of a plate which possibly includes places where two crosspieces are joined and which possibly meet with other lines.

D'autres modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention apparaissent dans les autres sous- revendications.Other preferred embodiments of the invention appear in the other dependent claims.

On décrira ci-après une application de l'invention à la construction d'une travée d'un pont, en référence aux figures du dessin joint sur lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue longitudinale schématique du pont ;
  • les figures 2 à 5 sont des coupes longitudinales du tablier d'une travée courante du pont à différents endroits échelonnés dans la longueur de la travée ;
  • la figure 6 est une coupe longitudinale dans la région de la culée avant du pont ;
  • les figures 7 et 8 sont des coupes, respectivement transversale et longitudinale, d'un massif d'ancrage des câbles de précontrainte ;
  • la figure 9 est une coupe transversale courante du tablier,
  • les figures 10 et 11 sont des coupes verticales longitudinales de la table inférieure courant du tablier d'une travée à deux endroits de cette table ;
  • la figure 12 montre des coupes verticales transversales de la table inférieure des figures 10 et 11 à différents endroits de la table ;
  • les figures 13 et 14 sont respectivement une vue de dessus d'un noeud de la table inférieure du tablier et une vue de dessous d'un noeud de la table supérieure du tablier,
  • la figure 15 est une perspective d'une portion de tablier ;
  • la figure 16 est un schéma d'un élément de treillis, et
  • la figure 17 illustre le procédé de construction d'une unité transportable comprenant des éléments de treillis solidaires d'une table.
An application of the invention to the construction of a span of a bridge will be described below, with reference to the figures of the attached drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal view of the bridge;
  • Figures 2 to 5 are longitudinal sections of the deck of a current span of the bridge at different locations staggered in the length of the span;
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal section in the region of the front abutment of the bridge;
  • Figures 7 and 8 are sections, respectively transverse and longitudinal, of an anchor block of the prestressing cables;
  • FIG. 9 is a current cross section of the deck,
  • Figures 10 and 11 are longitudinal vertical sections of the lower current table of the apron of a span in two places of this table;
  • Figure 12 shows vertical cross sections of the lower table of Figures 10 and 11 at different places on the table;
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 are respectively a top view of a node of the lower table of the deck and a bottom view of a node of the upper table of the deck,
  • Figure 15 is a perspective of a portion of the deck;
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram of a trellis element, and
  • FIG. 17 illustrates the method of construction of a transportable unit comprising trellis elements integral with a table.

Dans l'énoncé des figures, les mots « longitudinal et « transversal signifient respectivement selon la longueur et selon la largeur du pont.In the wording of the figures, the words "longitudinal and" transverse mean respectively according to the length and the width of the bridge.

Le pont schématisé sur la figure 1 comporte, de façon en soi connue, un tablier constitué de travées successives 1 et reposant sur des culées d'extrémité 2, 3 ainsi que sur des piles intermédiaires 4.The bridge shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises, in a manner known per se, an apron made up of successive spans 1 and resting on abutments end 2, 3 as well as on intermediate stacks 4.

L'invention porte, en premier lieu, sur la structure du tablier du pont et, à titre d'exemple, on décrira ci-après une travée courante du tablier.The invention relates, firstly, to the structure of the bridge deck and, by way of example, a common span of the deck will be described below.

Cette travée 1, établie entre deux piles successives, comporte à chaque extrémité un massif. Le tablier de la travée est constitué de deux plaques ou « tables en béton armé ou précontraint, respectivement inférieure et supérieure, reliées par une triangulation en béton.This span 1, established between two successive piers, comprises at each end a massif. The span deck consists of two plates or "tables in reinforced or prestressed concrete, respectively lower and upper, connected by a concrete triangulation.

L'ensemble est précontraint par des câbles qui courent d'un massif à l'autre en passant dans le volume de la triangulation mais à l'extérieur du béton de la triangulation, et sous le béton de la table inférieure grâce à des passages prévus à cet effet.The assembly is prestressed by cables which run from one block to another passing through the volume of the triangulation but outside the concrete of the triangulation, and under the concrete of the lower table thanks to the passages provided. for this purpose.

La figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale de la travée dans la région de l'extrémité avant de la travée. On voit sur cette figure le massif avant 5 de la travée situé entre les deux tables 6, 7 et faisant corps avec elles. On voit également deux câbles de précontrainte 8, 9 qui prennent appui sur le massif 5. Le câble 8, à sa sortie du massif passe dans le volume de la triangulation puis dans un passage 10 ménagé dans la table inférieure 6 ; il subit ensuite une déviation puis file droit le long de la table 6 ; plus loin, il sera dévié en sens inverse, remontera dans le volume occupé par la triangulation puis aboutira au massif situé à l'autre extrémité de la travée.Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the span in the region of the front end of the span. We see in this figure the front massif 5 of the span located between the two tables 6, 7 and forming a body with them. We also see two prestressing cables 8, 9 which bear on the block 5. The cable 8, at its exit from the block passes through the volume of the triangulation then in a passage 10 formed in the lower table 6; it then undergoes a deviation and then goes straight along table 6; further on, it will be deflected in the opposite direction, will go up in the volume occupied by the triangulation then will lead to the solid mass located at the other end of the span.

La figure 3 est une coupe longitudinale du tablier à un endroit où le câble 9, à son tour, traverse un passage 11 de la table inférieure, puis file droit le long de la table.Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the deck at a place where the cable 9, in turn, passes through a passage 11 of the lower table, then spins straight along the table.

La figure 4 est une coupe longitudinale du tablier à un autre endroit où les deux câbles 8, 9 remontent dans le volume de la triangulation. Enfin, la figure 5 est une coupe longitudinale de l'autre extrémité (ou extrémité arrière) de la travée qui fait apparaître l'autre massif 12 situé entre les tables et faisant corps avec elles.Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the deck at another location where the two cables 8, 9 go up in the volume of the triangulation. Finally, Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the other end (or rear end) of the span which shows the other block 12 located between the tables and integral with them.

Les câbles 8 et 9 aboutissent à ce massif, comme on le voit le mieux sur la figure-8.Cables 8 and 9 lead to this block, as we can best see in Figure-8.

En fait, selon une particularité de l'invention, un massif tel que le massif 12 peut avoir un triple rôle :

  • assurer provisoirement l'ancrage des câbles de précontrainte (tels que 8, 9) au cours de la construction du pont (rôle qui lui sera retiré ultérieurement),
  • dévier les câbles de précontrainte d'une travée à l'autre (comme cela a été schématisé sur la figure 5), et
  • transmettre à la pile sur laquelle il se trouve les charges propres et les charges d'exploitation de travées adjacentes à la pile.
In fact, according to a feature of the invention, a block such as block 12 can have a triple role:
  • provisionally anchor the prestressing cables (such as 8, 9) during the construction of the bridge (role which will be withdrawn later),
  • deflect the prestressing cables from one span to another (as shown in diagram 5 in Figure 5), and
  • transmit to the pile on which it is the own charges and the charges of exploitation of spans adjacent to the pile.

Il est à noter que, bien que les massifs soient généralement situés au droit des piles, il est aussi prévu de les situer autrement.It should be noted that, although the massifs are generally located at the right of the piers, it is also planned to locate them otherwise.

On a supposé sur la figure 2 que l'extrémité avant de la travée est située au niveau d'un joint de dilatation du pont. Ceci est facultatif.It has been assumed in Figure 2 that the front end of the span is located at an expansion joint of the bridge. This is optional.

Des massifs d'ancrage sont normalement prévus sur les culées d'extrémité du pont. La figure 6 montre pour l'exemple un massif d'ancrage 5 sur la culée 3 de l'extrémité avant du pont.Anchoring blocks are normally provided on the end abutments of the bridge. Figure 6 shows for example an anchor block 5 on the abutment 3 of the front end of the bridge.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, certains au moins des massifs d'ancrage ou de passage des câbles de précontrainte sont de préférence constitués essentiellement de voiles ou de plaques de béton, comme cela apparaît le mieux sur la figure 7 qui est une demi-coupe transversale d'un massif tel que 12. Le massif est constitué de plusieurs sections qui comprennent chacune un voile ou plaque central vertical 14 et des voiles ou plaques latéraux obliques 15,16, les trois voiles ou plaques étant disposés en patte d'oie.According to another feature of the invention, at least some of the anchor or passageways for the prestressing cables are preferably essentially made up of veils or concrete slabs, as best appears in FIG. 7 which is a half - transverse section of a massif such as 12. The massif is made up of several sections which each include a vertical veil or central plate 14 and oblique veils or lateral plates 15,16, the three veils or plates being arranged in leg goose.

Sur la figure 8, qui est une coupe longitudinale du massif, on voit que le voile central 14 a une étendue nettement plus importante que les voiles latéraux. Les câbles de précontrainte passent ou sont ancrés dans le voile central 14. Le plan de passage des câbles est désigné en 17 sur la figure 7. Les massifs sur culée ont une structure semblable.In FIG. 8, which is a longitudinal section of the massif, it can be seen that the central veil 14 has a markedly greater extent than the lateral veils. The prestressing cables pass or are anchored in the central web 14. The cable passage plane is designated at 17 in FIG. 7. The solid masses on the abutment have a similar structure.

L'invention a également pour objet une réalisation particulière de la triangulation.The invention also relates to a particular embodiment of triangulation.

Selon l'invention, la triangulation est de préférence une structure constituée de barres en béton qui peuvent avoir une section peu importante du fait que les câbles de précontrainte passent à l'extérieur du béton des barres.According to the invention, the triangulation is preferably a structure consisting of concrete bars which may have a small cross section because the prestressing cables pass outside the concrete of the bars.

De façon typique, les barres rencontrent les tables en des endroits ou « noeuds dont les formes sont conçues pour dévier les câbles de précontrainte, en tant que de besoin.Typically, the bars meet the tables in places or "nodes whose shapes are designed to deflect the prestressing cables, as necessary.

La figure 9 qui est une coupe transversale courante du tablier (ou autrement dit, une coupe dans la longueur d'un voussoir) montre les barres 18 de la triangulation qui aboutissent à des nœuds 19, 20, respectivement dans la table inférieure 6 et dans la table supérieure 7. Certains des noeuds comportent des gorges 21 dans lesquelles peuvent passer les câbles de précontrainte tels que les câbles 8 et 9.Figure 9 which is a current cross section of the deck (or in other words, a section along the length of a segment) shows the bars 18 of the triangulation which lead to nodes 19, 20, respectively in the lower table 6 and in the upper table 7. Some of the nodes have grooves 21 through which the prestressing cables can pass, such as cables 8 and 9.

Les tables comportent, en tant que de besoin, des nervures qui présentent des passages coopérant avec les gorges des noeuds pour guider et dévier les câbles de précontrainte, soit le long de la table, soit à travers la table.The tables include, as necessary, ribs which have passages cooperating with the grooves of the nodes to guide and deflect the prestressing cables, either along the table or through the table.

Ces dispositions apparaissent déjà sur les figures 2 à 5, mais elles sont encore plus apparentes sur les figures 10 et 11 qui sont des coupes verticales longitudinales de la table inférieure à deux emplacements sucessifs et sur la figure 12 qui montre des coupes verticales transversales effectuées dans ces emplacements. Sur les figures 10 et 11, on a fait abstraction des barres de la triangulation.These arrangements already appear in FIGS. 2 to 5, but they are even more apparent in FIGS. 10 and 11 which are longitudinal vertical sections of the lower table at two successive locations and in FIG. 12 which shows transverse vertical sections made in these locations. In Figures 10 and 11, we have disregarded the triangulation bars.

Les figures 13 et 14 montrent respectivement un noeud de la table inférieure vu de dessus, et un noeud de la table supérieure vu de dessous.Figures 13 and 14 respectively show a node of the lower table seen from above, and a node of the upper table seen from below.

On a représenté sur la figure 15, une perspective schématique d'une portion de tablier. La flèche 23 désigne sur la figure la direction selon laquelle s'étend le pont. On retrouve sur cette figure certaines des caractéristiques qui ont été décrites précédemment ainsi que d'autres caractéristiques dont il sera fait mention ci-après.There is shown in Figure 15, a schematic perspective of a portion of the deck. The arrow 23 designates in the figure the direction in which the bridge extends. We find on this figure some of the characteristics which were described previously as well as other charac which will be mentioned below.

Ainsi, on voit sur la figure que l'ouvrage comporte également des câbles de précontrainte 8', 9', qui s'étendent transversalement (alors que les câbles tels que 8 et 9 s'étendent longitudinalement) et qui sont ancrés dans des massifs ou des voiles en béton, tels que par exemple le voile 24 situé entre les tables 6, 7 et faisant corps avec elles. Ces câbles transversaux, comme les câbles longitudinaux, passent à l'extérieur du béton des barres 18 de la triangulation et sont déviés aux endroits de certains des noeuds de la table inférieure.Thus, it can be seen in the figure that the structure also includes prestressing cables 8 ', 9', which extend transversely (while the cables such as 8 and 9 extend longitudinally) and which are anchored in solid masses or concrete sails, such as for example the veil 24 situated between the tables 6, 7 and being integral with them. These transverse cables, like the longitudinal cables, pass outside the concrete of the bars 18 of the triangulation and are deflected at the locations of some of the nodes of the lower table.

En variante, les câbles de précontrainte peuvent passer au voisinage de la table supérieure au lieu de passer au voisinage de la table inférieure.As a variant, the prestressing cables can pass in the vicinity of the upper table instead of passing in the vicinity of the lower table.

Par l'expression « au voisinage •, on veut signifier que les câbles, lorsqu'ils passent sous la table inférieure ou au-dessus de la table supérieure ne s'en écarte pas plus qu'une distance égale à une fraction de la distance des deux tables, par exemple une distance égale à un dixième de la distance entre les tables.By the expression "in the vicinity", we mean that the cables, when they pass under the lower table or above the upper table, do not deviate from it more than a distance equal to a fraction of the distance of the two tables, for example a distance equal to one tenth of the distance between the tables.

En fait, les câbles sont essentiellement localisés entre les tables.In fact, the cables are mainly located between the tables.

L'invention concerne aussi, comme cela a déjà été indiqué une technique de construction du tablier du pont.The invention also relates, as has already been indicated, to a technique for constructing the bridge deck.

L'élément de base est généralement un élément de treillis rigide qui, dans un exemple typique, est constitué de deux barres 18 et d'une traverse 25 disposées suivant les trois côtés d'un triangle comme on le voit sur la figure 16.The basic element is generally a rigid trellis element which, in a typical example, consists of two bars 18 and a cross-member 25 arranged along the three sides of a triangle as seen in FIG. 16.

De préférence :

  • dans toute section de barre perpendiculaire à l'axe de la barre, le rapport entre la plus grande et la plus petite dimension de la section n'est pas supérieure à 6,
  • les barres ont une longueur comprise dans l'intervalle de 1 à 10 m, de préférence dans l'intervalle de 2 à 6 m,
  • les barres ont une section droite comprise dans l'invervalle 0,004 à 0,5 m2, de préférence 0,02 m2 à 0,1 m2.
Preferably:
  • in any bar section perpendicular to the axis of the bar, the ratio between the largest and the smallest dimension of the section is not more than 6,
  • the bars have a length in the range of 1 to 10 m, preferably in the range of 2 to 6 m,
  • the bars have a cross section included in the range 0.004 to 0.5 m 2 , preferably 0.02 m 2 to 0.1 m 2 .

La réalisation figurée présente encore les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • l'une des barres est perpendiculaire à la traverse ;
  • la traverse se prolonge au-delà de l'autre barre.
  • La forme de la section droite des barres est indifférente : carrée, rectangulaire, ovale, etc.
The figured realization still has the following characteristics:
  • one of the bars is perpendicular to the crosspiece;
  • the cross member extends beyond the other bar.
  • The shape of the cross-section of the bars is indifferent: square, rectangular, oval, etc.

La figure 17 illustre schématiquement la réalisation d'une pyramide de treillis au moyen d'éléments de treillis tels que décrits ci-dessus.FIG. 17 schematically illustrates the production of a trellis pyramid by means of trellis elements as described above.

La pyramide est constituée au moyen de quatre éléments A, B, C, D qui sont disposés en sorte que chaque élément de treillis fournisse une barre disposée suivant l'une des arêtes de la pyramide. Pour ce faire, les quatre éléments A, B, C, D sont disposés par couple dans deux plans obliques, les points de rencontre des barres des éléments étant rapprochés pour former le sommet de la pyramide, les deux éléments d'un couple ayant leurs deux traverses 25 alignées et deux barres 18 juxtaposées, les deux autres barres 18 étant disposées suivant deux arêtes de la pyramide.The pyramid is made up of four elements A, B, C, D which are arranged so that each lattice element provides a bar arranged along one of the edges of the pyramid. To do this, the four elements A, B, C, D are arranged in pairs in two oblique planes, the meeting points of the bars of the elements being brought together to form the top of the pyramid, the two elements of a couple having their two aligned crosspieces 25 and two bars 18 juxtaposed, the other two bars 18 being arranged along two edges of the pyramid.

Le sommet de la pyramide est logé dans une réserve 26 d'une plaque et du béton est coulé autour de la réserve pour former un noeud autour de ce sommet et bloquer la pyramide en position.The top of the pyramid is housed in a reserve 26 of a plate and concrete is poured around the reserve to form a knot around this summit and block the pyramid in position.

Pendant cette opération, les éléments de treillis sont maintenus par des moyens quelconques appropriés. Si nécessaire, les deux couples sont et restent provisoirement entretoisés jusqu'à rigi- dification complète.During this operation, the trellis elements are held by any suitable means. If necessary, the two pairs are and remain temporarily braced until complete stiffening.

Cette façon de former les noeuds n'est pas limitative.This way of forming the nodes is not limiting.

En pratique, plusieurs pyramides sont ainsi formées simultanément sur la plaque.In practice, several pyramids are thus formed simultaneously on the plate.

On comprend que la configuration pyramidale peut être obtenue avec d'autres éléments de treillis et que cette forme, tout en étant préférée, n'est pas limitative.It is understood that the pyramidal configuration can be obtained with other trellis elements and that this shape, while being preferred, is not limiting.

Ces pyramides P apparaissent sur la figure 15 sauf au premier plan qui passe dans le plan médian d'une file de pyramides et qui ne montre par conséquent que deux éléments de chaque pyramide.These pyramids P appear in FIG. 15 except in the foreground which passes through the median plane of a file of pyramids and which consequently shows only two elements of each pyramid.

On notera que les traverses n'interviennent pas dans la fonction du treillis, leur rôle est de maintenir les barres dans la disposition voulue pendant la réalisation de l'ouvrage et de servir de coffrage pour coffrer les parties de la plaque supérieure qui, ordinairement, sont difficiles à coffrer.It will be noted that the crosspieces do not intervene in the function of the trellis, their role is to maintain the bars in the desired arrangement during the completion of the work and to serve as formwork for formworking the parts of the upper plate which, usually, are difficult to form.

Sur la figure 15, on a représenté les lignes 27 que l'on peut former suivant l'invention avec les traverses et qui s'étendent sur tout ou partie de la longueur de l'ouvrage, qui comprennent éventuellement des endroits où deux traverses sont accolées et qui, éventuellement, se rencontrent avec d'autres lignes. Ces lignes sont typiques de l'invention.In Figure 15, there are shown the lines 27 which can be formed according to the invention with the sleepers and which extend over all or part of the length of the structure, which possibly include places where two sleepers are joined together and which, possibly, meet with other lines. These lines are typical of the invention.

Les câbles de précontrainte sont éventuellement protégés, par exemple par un enrobage de béton qui ne saurait être confondu avec le béton de la triangulation.The prestressing cables are possibly protected, for example by a concrete coating which cannot be confused with the concrete of the triangulation.

L'invention permet de réaliser une économie de béton importante, pouvant aller jusqu'à 30%, dans la construction d'un pont.The invention makes it possible to achieve significant savings in concrete, up to 30%, in the construction of a bridge.

De plus, et ceci est également très important, le rendement défini par le rapport entre la hauteur de la plage verticale où doit passer la ligne de pression (due à la précontrainte, au poids de la structure et aux charges d'exploitation) et la hauteur totale de la structure (c'est-à-dire la hauteur de la dalle évidée) peut atteindre 0,65 à 0,95 selon les enseignements de l'invention, au lieu de rester dans la gamme 0,35-0,55 obtenue par les procédés classiques.In addition, and this is also very important, the efficiency defined by the ratio between the height of the vertical range through which the pressure line must pass (due to the prestressing, the weight of the structure and the operating loads) and the total height of the structure (that is to say the height of the hollowed slab) can reach 0.65 to 0.95 according to the teachings of the invention, instead of remaining in the range 0.35-0, 55 obtained by conventional methods.

Claims (18)

1. A prestressed concrete structure having a hollow slab construction which comprises, in combination, two reinforced or pre-stressed concrete plates (6, 7) arranged opposite each other and connected by a multi-directional lattice arranged in the volume between the plates, characterised in that the said lattice is constituted by reinforced or prestressed prefabricated concrete elements each comprising at least one group of at least two bars (18) and at least one transverse member (25) arranged in the three sides of a triangle, and in that the structure comprises concrete bodies (5, 12) situated between the two plates (6, 7) and rigid with at least one of the plates, and cables (8, 9) for prestressing the structure anchored at their ends in certain of the bodies and passing inside the said volume and/or in the region of the plates, and remaining outside the concrete of the lattice.
2. A structure according to claim 1 characterised in that the lattice forms pyramids (P).
3. A structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the concrete present in a section of the said volume through a median plane substantially parallel to the plates (6, 7) is furnished at least as to 50 % by the bars (18) of the triangulation.
4. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the prestressing cables (8, 9) undergo deviations in the bodies (5, 12) and/or in nodes (19, 20) formed at the intersections of the lattice and of the plates.
5. A structure according to claim 4, characterised in that the lower plate (6) and/or the upper plate (7) and/or certain nodes (19, 20) have grooves (21) or passages (10, 11) for guiding the route of the prestressing cables (8, 9).
6. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that certain of the bodies (5, 12) comprise a plate (15) in which pass the prestressing cables.
7. A structure according to claim 6, characterised in that certain of the bodies (5, 12) have from side to side of this plate (14) oblique plates (15, 16) which participate in the transmission of the anchoring force of the cables (8, 9) to the struc- ture and provide triangulation of the body.
8. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the prestressing cables comprise cables (8, 9) arranged along the length of the structure and/or cables (8', 9') accross the width of the structure.
9. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that in any cross-section of a bar lattice (18) perpendicular to the axis of the bar, the ratio between the greatest and the smallest dimension of the section is not greater than 6.
10. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the bars (18) of the lattice have a length of between 1 and 10 m, preferably between 2 and 6 m.
11. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the bars (18) of the lattice have a cross-section of between 0.004 to 0.5 m2, preferably 0.2 m2 to 0.1 m2.
12. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the lower plate (6) and/or the upper plate (7) are voidless or hollow.
13. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said triangle is a right angle triangle.
14. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the transverse member (25) extends beyond its point of connection with one of the bars (18).
15. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that certain of the transverse members (25) of the lattice elements are extended forming a line (27) which extends along a part or along the totality of the length of a plate, which possibly comprises the positions where two transverse members (25) are associated and which, possibly meet with other lines.
16. A method of making a structure according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that it comprises the prefabrication in concrete of rigid lattice elements comprising at least one group of two bars (18) and of at least one transverse member (25) arranged in the three sides of a triangle, the meeting point of the two bars constituting the apex of the triangle, comprises the prefabrication of at least one plate having reserves (26), the positioning of the lattice elements on the plate with the introduction of certain of the apexes into the said reserves and the pouring of concrete into the said reserves about the said apexes for constituting the nodes and unifying the plate and the lattice elements in a transportable rigid unit.
17. A method according to claim 16, characterised in that it comprises the utilisation of certain transverse members (25) of the lattice elements for constituting a shuttering member for another plate of the structure.
18. A method according to claim 17, characterised in that it comprises the utilisation of shuttering slid parallel to the length of the work, between the lattice elements, for completing the shuttering of the said other plate.
EP81401862A 1980-11-25 1981-11-24 Prestressed concrete structure, method of constructing the same and elements for carrying out the method Expired EP0053965B1 (en)

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AT81401862T ATE16616T1 (en) 1980-11-25 1981-11-24 PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURE, METHOD OF PRODUCTION AND ELEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD.

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FR8024984 1980-11-25
FR8024984A FR2494741A1 (en) 1980-11-25 1980-11-25 PRECONTROL CONCRETE STRUCTURE COMPRISING TWO PLATES CONNECTED BY A TRELLIS, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, ELEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD, AND APPLICATION TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DECK, COVER OR FLOOR APRON ELEMENT

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EP0053965A1 EP0053965A1 (en) 1982-06-16
EP0053965B1 true EP0053965B1 (en) 1985-11-21

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DE3173017D1 (en) 1986-01-02
FR2494741A1 (en) 1982-05-28
EP0053965A1 (en) 1982-06-16
CA1176071A (en) 1984-10-16
ATE16616T1 (en) 1985-12-15
FR2494741B1 (en) 1983-08-12
US4620400A (en) 1986-11-04

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