EP0039761A2 - Méthode et installation d'avertissement d'incendie - Google Patents

Méthode et installation d'avertissement d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039761A2
EP0039761A2 EP81101265A EP81101265A EP0039761A2 EP 0039761 A2 EP0039761 A2 EP 0039761A2 EP 81101265 A EP81101265 A EP 81101265A EP 81101265 A EP81101265 A EP 81101265A EP 0039761 A2 EP0039761 A2 EP 0039761A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
signals
quotient
signal
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81101265A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0039761A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Dr.Rer.Nat. Scheidweiler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0039761A2 publication Critical patent/EP0039761A2/fr
Publication of EP0039761A3 publication Critical patent/EP0039761A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fire detection and a fire detection system with at least two sensor elements of different functional principles and a common evaluation circuit for evaluating the changes in properties of the sensor elements and for signaling, preferably one of the sensors a photoelectric converter and a second sensor either a second working according to a different principle Has photoelectric converter or an air-accessible ionization chamber.
  • the damage fires that occur in practice can basically be divided into two categories, namely smoldering fires and open fires. A distinction is still made between so-called pyrolysis fires and smoldering fires. Pyrolysis fires require a constant supply of energy in the form of heat in order to maintain them, while smoldering fires continue to develop independently after ignition.
  • the previously known automatic fire alarm systems generally have a sensor element which reacts to fire phenomena, and an evaluation circuit which evaluates the electrical signal emitted by the sensor element for alarm signaling.
  • the invention is based on the object of eliminating the disadvantages of the known fire alarm systems described above and, in particular, of creating a fire alarm system which makes it possible to recognize from the signal received what type of fire it is, i.e. to distinguish between a fire with open flames and a smoldering fire and, if necessary, to recognize when a fire passes from the smoldering phase to the open fire phase.
  • the at least two sensor elements having different functional principles and a common evaluation circuit for evaluating the changes in properties of the sensor elements and for signaling fire alarm system in the evaluation circuit have circuit elements which form the quotient of the signals from two sensors and that an alarm signal is generated, when the quotient exceeds a predetermined value or the quotient changes rapidly.
  • one of the sensor elements has an air-accessible ionization chamber and a second sensor element has a photoelectric converter which works according to the extinction principle.
  • one of the sensor elements has an air-accessible ionization chamber, while a second sensor has a photoelectric converter which works according to the scattered light principle.
  • one the sensor elements have a photoelectric converter that works on the extinction principle and a second sensor element a photoelectric converter that works on the scattered light principle.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the invention consists in that the sensor elements of different functional principles are connected to a reinforcement element in a fire detector, i.e. in each case one sensor element together with the associated amplification circuit in a fire detector housing, and that the common evaluation circuit is arranged in a signal center.
  • the sensor elements of different functional principles are connected to a reinforcement element in a fire detector, i.e. in each case one sensor element together with the associated amplification circuit in a fire detector housing, and that the common evaluation circuit is arranged in a signal center.
  • two sensor elements each with different functional principles are arranged adjacent to one another in an area to be monitored and are connected in pairs to a signal center via lines, the common evaluation circuit being arranged in the signal center.
  • two sensor elements of different functional principles are arranged in a fire detector housing together with a multiplex circuit device which transmits the instantaneous values of the sensor element signals to the signal center.
  • Circuit elements are present in the signal center, which switch on when a predetermined value of the instantaneous values of the sensor elements is exceeded Give alarm signal, and other circuit elements that form the quotient of the instantaneous signals received by the two sensor elements and give a different alarm signal from the first alarm signal when a predetermined value of this quotient is exceeded.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system is that two sensor elements with different functional principles, each with an amplifier circuit, a discriminator, a quotient picture and a multiplex transmission circuit, which provide the instantaneous values of the sensor elements and the quotients formed from the signals of the sensor elements Signal center transmits, are arranged in a fire detector housing and that circuit elements are arranged in a signal center, which generate an alarm signal when the instantaneous values of the signals of the sensor elements exceed a predetermined value, and circuit elements which generate an alarm signal different from the first signal when the quotient of the signals emitted by the two sensor elements exceeds a predetermined value.
  • Circuit elements are preferably provided in the evaluation circuit, which generate different signals when the sensor element signals exceed a predetermined value and when the quotient of the sensor element signals exceed a predetermined value, which signals are transmitted to the signal center by the multiplex transmission circuit.
  • fire alarm systems are preferred which have circuit elements which suppress the formation of the quotient if the absolute values of the sensor element signals remain below predetermined values.
  • the previously known fire alarm systems which contain smoke detectors, essentially work according to two functional principles.
  • the ionization fire detectors take advantage of the physical effect that aerosol particles attach to ions, thereby reducing the ionization current in an ionization chamber.
  • the effect of the optical smoke detectors is that the light is scattered on the aerosol particles, either the reduction in the intensity of the light beam or the intensity of the scattered light being used for alarming.
  • the quotient which is formed from the signals of two smoke sensor elements with different functional principles, undergoes a sudden change when the fire changes from the smoldering phase to the open phase.
  • FIG. 2 shows a smoke detection system in which a smoke detector R is connected to a signal center Z via four lines L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and L 4 .
  • the two smoke sensors S I and S 2 are located in the smoke detector R.
  • the outputs of the sensor elements S 1 and S 2 are each connected to an amplifier V I and V 2 .
  • the task of the discriminators D 1 and D 2 is to prevent, via the AND gate G 1 , that a signal is not emitted from the quotient formation stage Q if the absolute values of the signals s 1 and s 2 remain below predetermined values, ie the signals s l and s 2 must both exceed the threshold value set in discriminators D 1 and D 2 , so that quotients are formed.
  • the task of discriminators D 3 and D 4 is to trigger an alarm when predetermined absolute values of signals s 1 or s 2 are exceeded.
  • the outputs of the discriminators D 3 and D 4 are connected to an OR gate G 2 , the output of which controls the alarm stage A 2 .
  • the alarm level A 2 generates a corresponding alarm signal a 2 which can be picked up at the output of the signal center Z.
  • the output of the quotient generator Q is connected to the discriminator D 5 .
  • the task of discriminator D 5 is to trigger an alarm signal when the signal emitted by the quotient image exceeds a predetermined value. Will the exceeded 5 set threshold in the discriminator D, a signal to the alarm level A L is passed. The alarm level A 1 in turn emits an alarm signal a 1 , which can be picked up at the output of the signal center Z.
  • FIG. 2 shows the connection of an individual smoke detector R to the signal center Z.
  • further smoke sensors R 2 ... R n can be connected to the lines L 1 and L 4 .
  • the signals s are transmitted, for example, using a multiplex method, as is generally customary in transmission technology.
  • FIG. 3 shows the basic circuit diagram of a fire alarm system according to the invention, in which a large part of the evaluation circuit is located in the smoke detector R.
  • the smoke R has two sensing elements S 1 and S 2, the output signals of each - are wells supplied to the associated amplifiers V1 and V2.
  • the task of the discriminators D 1 and D 2 is to ensure via the AND gate G 1 that the quotient of the signals s 1 and s 2 is only formed if the absolute value of these signals exceeds a predetermined minimum value.
  • the quotient of the signals s 1 and s 2 formed by the quotient formation stage Q is fed to the discriminator D 5 .
  • the task of discriminator D 5 is to pass on an alarm signal to alarm level A 1 when a predetermined value of the quotient is exceeded.
  • the output signal from A 1 is sent via a separate line to the signal center Z, where the alarm status is displayed.
  • several smoke detectors can be combined into a group and connected to the control center via the same lines.
  • FIG. 4 shows a circuit example of a preferred embodiment of a fire detector according to the invention.
  • the ionization chamber 1 and the photoelectric converter 39 serve as smoke-sensitive sensors of the fire detector.
  • the ionization chamber 1 is connected in series with a second ionization chamber, the reference chamber 3, which serves as a comparative resistor and is not accessible to the outside air, and the common connection point of the two chambers is on the grid G of a field effect transistor 5, which serves as an impedance converter, switched.
  • the low-resistance signal of the measuring chamber 1 is taken and fed to an amplifier 13.
  • the amplifier 13 amplifies this signal s I to a desired value and feeds it to the quotient image 17.
  • the photoelectric converter 39 has a light-emitting diode 43 and a solar cell 41.
  • the size of the electrical signal s 2 emitted by the solar cell 41 corresponds to the received light intensity. If smoke penetrates the measuring section, the voltage of the solar cell 41 and thus the voltage at the base of the transistor 33 decrease.
  • the amplified signal s 2 which is reversed in phase, is fed to the amplifier 25, which also amplifies it in the desired manner the second input of the quotient 17 supplies.
  • the signals of the two amplification stages 13 and 25 are fed to a discriminator 27 and 29, respectively.
  • the task of the discriminators 27 and 29 is to prevent, via the AND gate 31, a signal from the quotient formation stage 17 from being output when the absolute values of the signals s 1 and s 2 remain below predetermined values.
  • the output signal of the quotient generator 17 is proportional to the ratio of the two input signals s l / s 2 . If this ratio exceeds a predetermined value, the Discriminator 19 through the transistor 45, which leads to a current through the load resistor 47. This current, which indicates the transition from the smoldering phase to the open fire, is evaluated in the control center 55 as an alarm signal.
  • the signals s 1 and s 2 are also fed to the two further discriminators 21 and 23, the outputs of which are connected to the OR gate 53. If the absolute value of s I or s 2 exceeds a maximum value set in the discriminators 21 or 23, the OR gate 53 switches the transistor 49 through, resulting in a current through the load resistor 60 and a corresponding alarm signal different from the first one the central 55 leads.
  • This circuit arrangement ensures that an alarm signal is triggered in the control center 55 if either the signal of the ionization chamber 1 or the signal of the photoelectric converter exceeds a predetermined value or if the ratio of the value of the signal of the photoelectric converter 39 to the size of the Signal of the ionization chamber 1, ie the ratio s 1 exceeds a predetermined stone value.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a fire detector according to the invention, in which an ionization chamber 1 contains the photoelectric converter consisting of a light-emitting diode 43 and a solar cell 41, i.e. the ionization chamber 1 and the photoelectric converter 39 are accommodated in a housing 61 which is accessible to the outside atmosphere.
  • an ionization chamber 1 contains the photoelectric converter consisting of a light-emitting diode 43 and a solar cell 41, i.e. the ionization chamber 1 and the photoelectric converter 39 are accommodated in a housing 61 which is accessible to the outside atmosphere.
  • the ionization chamber 1 is formed by the electrode 63 and the wire grid 65 serving as the counter electrode.
  • the housing cover 67 can also serve alone or together with the wire mesh 65 as a counter electrode.
  • the radioactive source 69 is located on the electrode 63 and serves to ionize the space between the electrodes 63 and 65 (or 67).
  • the light-emitting diode 43 emits a parallel bundle of rays, which is reflected by the mirror 71 via the mirror 73 to the solar cell 41.
  • the contacts 75 and 77 are used for voltage supply or for forwarding the alarm signal via lines 57 and 59 to the control center 55.
  • the bottom part 79 of the housing 61 contains the reference chamber (not shown in detail), as well as the evaluation circuit, as is described, for example, with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the ionization current of the measuring chamber is reduced by the addition of the aerosol particles to the ions, and by reducing the light incident on the solar cell, the voltage of the solar cell 41. That of the ionization chamber 1 and the photoelectric Signals emitted by transducer 39 are evaluated as described above in connection with FIG. 4.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP81101265A 1980-05-09 1981-02-21 Méthode et installation d'avertissement d'incendie Withdrawn EP0039761A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH364080 1980-05-09
CH3640/80 1980-05-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0039761A2 true EP0039761A2 (fr) 1981-11-18
EP0039761A3 EP0039761A3 (fr) 1981-11-25

Family

ID=4260328

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81101265A Withdrawn EP0039761A3 (fr) 1980-05-09 1981-02-21 Méthode et installation d'avertissement d'incendie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4405919A (fr)
EP (1) EP0039761A3 (fr)
JP (2) JPS576988A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2142757A (en) * 1983-05-21 1985-01-23 Graviner Ltd Improvements in and relating to fire and explosion detection and suppression
GB2169734A (en) * 1984-12-25 1986-07-16 Nittan Co Ltd Fire alarm system
GB2178209A (en) * 1985-07-22 1987-02-04 Nittan Co Ltd Composite detectors
US5596314A (en) * 1994-08-01 1997-01-21 Quantum Group, Inc. Enclosure for a gas detector system
EP0818765A1 (fr) * 1996-07-10 1998-01-14 Pittway Corporation Détecteur avec plusieurs capteurs et procédé de détermination locale d'une condition d'alarme potentielle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPS6020299A (ja) * 1983-07-15 1985-02-01 ホーチキ株式会社 火災感知装置
JPS6024695A (ja) * 1983-07-20 1985-02-07 ホーチキ株式会社 火災感知装置
US4625199A (en) * 1985-01-14 1986-11-25 American District Telegraph Company Combination intrusion detector system having correlated ultrasonic and microwave detection sub-systems
US4660024A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-04-21 Detection Systems Inc. Dual technology intruder detection system
US4667106A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-05-19 Factory Mutual Research Corporation Fire identification and discrimination method and apparatus
JPH071518B2 (ja) * 1986-03-25 1995-01-11 松下電工株式会社 火災判定方法
JPH071519B2 (ja) * 1986-03-25 1995-01-11 松下電工株式会社 火災判定方法
US5015384A (en) * 1988-05-25 1991-05-14 Burke Dennis A Anaerobic digestion process
DE4028188A1 (de) * 1990-09-05 1992-03-12 Esser Sicherheitstechnik Brandmelder mit einem streulicht- und einem ionisationssystem
US5310485A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-05-10 Darling-Delaware Company, Inc. Process for dissolved gas flotation in anaerobic wastewater treatment
GB2274333B (en) * 1993-01-07 1996-12-11 Hochiki Co Smoke detecting apparatus capable of detecting both smoke and fine particles
US6195011B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2001-02-27 Simplex Time Recorder Company Early fire detection using temperature and smoke sensing
US6426703B1 (en) 1997-08-07 2002-07-30 Brk Brands, Inc. Carbon monoxide and smoke detection apparatus
US6362743B1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2002-03-26 Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware Smoke alarm with dual sensing technologies and dual power sources
US6876305B2 (en) * 1999-12-08 2005-04-05 Gentex Corporation Compact particle sensor
US6897774B2 (en) * 2003-05-07 2005-05-24 Edwards Systems Technology, Inc. Ambient condition detector with multipe sensors and single control unit
US9251683B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-02-02 Honeywell International Inc. Flame detector using a light guide for optical sensing
CA3063741A1 (fr) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Eric V. Gonzales Dispositif de fumee et circuit de detection de fumee

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DE2358449A1 (de) * 1972-12-06 1974-06-12 Cerberus Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur brandmeldung
CH579309A5 (fr) * 1973-11-09 1976-08-31 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
CH580310A5 (en) * 1974-11-11 1976-09-30 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd Smoke detector circuit using light source - has associated photoelectric element together with ionisation chamber electrodes
CH583946A5 (fr) * 1973-11-09 1977-01-14 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
DE2737090A1 (de) * 1977-02-15 1978-08-17 Kokusai Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kk Verfahren zum wahrnehmen einer flamme und flammensensorvorrichtung

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JPS4514511Y1 (fr) * 1967-11-01 1970-06-18
US3717862A (en) * 1969-10-16 1973-02-20 Nittan Co Ltd Fire detecting system and testing means therefor
DE2108707A1 (de) * 1971-02-24 1972-09-07 Portscht R Rauchdetektor nach dem Streulichtprinzip bei zwei Wellenlängen
CH547532A (de) * 1972-07-17 1974-03-29 Cerberus Ag Ionisationsfeuermelder.
JPS526199B2 (fr) * 1973-04-27 1977-02-19
CH572252A5 (fr) * 1973-11-09 1976-01-30 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
CH571259A5 (en) * 1974-10-25 1975-12-31 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd Light dispersion smoke detector - employs light-emitting diode, photodetector and electrodes for ionising detection chamber
JPS5229288A (en) * 1975-08-30 1977-03-04 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Smoke detector
JPS5331360A (en) * 1976-09-06 1978-03-24 Kubota Ltd Apparatus for extracting mud
US4225860A (en) * 1979-01-15 1980-09-30 Pittway Corporation Sensitivity controlled dual input fire detector
CH641584A5 (de) * 1979-02-26 1984-02-29 Cerberus Ag Brandmelder.
US4316184A (en) * 1979-07-27 1982-02-16 Pittway Corporation Combination combustion-products detector
GB2067749B (en) * 1980-01-17 1984-12-12 Graviner Ltd Fire and explosion detection

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2358449A1 (de) * 1972-12-06 1974-06-12 Cerberus Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur brandmeldung
US3922656A (en) * 1972-12-06 1975-11-25 Cerberus Ag Sensing presence of fire
CH579309A5 (fr) * 1973-11-09 1976-08-31 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
CH583946A5 (fr) * 1973-11-09 1977-01-14 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
CH580310A5 (en) * 1974-11-11 1976-09-30 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd Smoke detector circuit using light source - has associated photoelectric element together with ionisation chamber electrodes
DE2737090A1 (de) * 1977-02-15 1978-08-17 Kokusai Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kk Verfahren zum wahrnehmen einer flamme und flammensensorvorrichtung
FR2380542A1 (fr) * 1977-02-15 1978-09-08 Security Patrols Co Installation de detection de flammes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2142757A (en) * 1983-05-21 1985-01-23 Graviner Ltd Improvements in and relating to fire and explosion detection and suppression
GB2169734A (en) * 1984-12-25 1986-07-16 Nittan Co Ltd Fire alarm system
GB2169734B (en) * 1984-12-25 1989-06-07 Nittan Co Ltd Fire alarm system
GB2178209A (en) * 1985-07-22 1987-02-04 Nittan Co Ltd Composite detectors
GB2178209B (en) * 1985-07-22 1989-07-19 Nittan Co Ltd Composite detectors
US5596314A (en) * 1994-08-01 1997-01-21 Quantum Group, Inc. Enclosure for a gas detector system
US5793295A (en) * 1994-08-01 1998-08-11 Quantum Group, Inc Detection apparatus and method
EP0818765A1 (fr) * 1996-07-10 1998-01-14 Pittway Corporation Détecteur avec plusieurs capteurs et procédé de détermination locale d'une condition d'alarme potentielle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH026392U (fr) 1990-01-17
US4405919A (en) 1983-09-20
JPH0319030Y2 (fr) 1991-04-22
JPS576988A (en) 1982-01-13
EP0039761A3 (fr) 1981-11-25

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