EP0023441B1 - Military equipment comprising a turret supporting a heavy gun on the outside - Google Patents

Military equipment comprising a turret supporting a heavy gun on the outside Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0023441B1
EP0023441B1 EP80400984A EP80400984A EP0023441B1 EP 0023441 B1 EP0023441 B1 EP 0023441B1 EP 80400984 A EP80400984 A EP 80400984A EP 80400984 A EP80400984 A EP 80400984A EP 0023441 B1 EP0023441 B1 EP 0023441B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gun
turret
axis
armour
equipment according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80400984A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0023441A1 (en
Inventor
Raoul Henri Dumez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Transmission Systems SAS
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Hispano Suiza SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Hispano Suiza SA filed Critical Hispano Suiza SA
Priority to AT80400984T priority Critical patent/ATE1918T1/en
Publication of EP0023441A1 publication Critical patent/EP0023441A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0023441B1 publication Critical patent/EP0023441B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/24Turret gun mountings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42Rammers separate from breech-block

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to military equipment of the kind comprising a turret mounted so as to be able to rotate about a vertical axis and carrying, by a journaling device with horizontal axis, a heavy main weapon, with axial loading from the rear, completely external to the turret, provided with its own shielding and situated approximately in a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the turret.
  • Pointing control devices that can be actuated from inside the turret allow the weapon to be pointed in azimuth by orienting the turret and in elevation by tilting the weapon on its journaling device.
  • Turret and heavy weapon materials are already known in which the main large caliber weapon fed blow by blow is generally mounted on trunnions placed approximately at the right of the front part of the bearing which carries the turret so as to give the part rear of the barrel the place necessary for its deflection in site and its retreat.
  • This arrangement allows the rear part of the weapon to be turreted, from pins included, but it has numerous drawbacks.
  • the size and weight of the turret are directly related to the characteristics of the main weapon; the circle swept by the end of the barrel of the weapon is directly linked to the length of the latter and greatly exceeds the size of the carrier vehicle in most cases.
  • journaling device comprises two lateral supports framing the weapon, receiving journals carried by it and defining a tilting axis situated behind the axis of turret rotation (US-A-2933981).
  • This arrangement reduces the overall size of the equipment.
  • the equipment described in US Pat. No. 2,933,981 comprises a weapon constituted by a rocket launcher supplied at a high rate by a conveyor belt arranged in a box secured to the weapon. This provision cannot be transposed to the case of weapons whose ammunition is of such a weight that the supply must be done piecemeal. It does not provide adequate protection for ammunition. It only allows the casing to be replenished with ammunition for a particular position of the weapon.
  • the present invention aims to provide military equipment that better meets those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it eliminates the drawbacks mentioned above of conventional turrets provided with a large caliber weapon and ensures a supply of ammunition of this weapon in a simple way and along a fully protected route.
  • the invention provides military equipment of the kind defined above, in which one of the supports cooperates with the armor of the weapon to constitute a protected supply corridor for a supply system blow by blow of the ammunition weapon from inside the turret.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of armored land military vehicles carrying a heavy primary weapon, loaded step by step, to which may also be added secondary armament.
  • This application is not, however, exclusive: the invention can also be used on a pillbox or on a maritime vehicle.
  • the disc swept by the end of the barrel of the weapon is reduced due to the rejection of the trunnions towards the rear of the turret.
  • the dimensions of the latter can be reduced, in particular because the inside diameter of its rolling crown does not have to take into account the distance of recoil of the weapon relative to the journal.
  • the possibilities of pointing to positive and negative site are increased.
  • the dimensions of the turret basket no longer have to be determined taking into account the tilting and recoil of the rear part of the weapon: it suffices that the basket can receive the servant or the servants and the ammunition.
  • the weapon does not penetrate into the compartment occupied by the servants, the movements of the latter are easier, the available space is more important, there are no more empty sockets in the turret, the combustion gases are completely escape from the turret when opening the breech, the turret noise during firing is reduced.
  • the protection of the vehicle and the servants is very improved, because the turret can be designed so as to have low and leaky lines and it is possible to fire at military crest while not discovering either the vehicle or the interior of the turret.
  • the assembly constituted by the weapon and its armor has itself a small frontal and lateral surface, therefore is less exposed to destruction. The supply system is nonetheless perfectly protected.
  • the main weapon carried by the turret will be a large caliber weapon, typically 81 mm and more, whose loading is carried out blow by blow.
  • the armor of the weapon will surround the rear part thereof, up to and including the journal axis, and will provide rear space for recoil.
  • the sockets can escape through a rear opening of the shield.
  • the armor of the weapon will advantageously comprise towards the front and at least on one side of the median plane, a wall in the form of a cylindrical sector centered on the tilting axis and in which is formed a passage opening of the supply system (chain conveyor for example) cooperating with the corresponding part of one of the lateral supports.
  • the tilting axis is advantageously placed in such a way that it is close to the center of gravity of the entire weapon and its armor and a mechanical system exerting elastic forces is advantageously provided to balance the residual tilting moment.
  • the material shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a turret 10 which is assumed to be supported, by means of a bearing with a vertical axis not shown, by a vehicle whose outline of the chassis appears in phantom.
  • This turret 10 comprises an armored cupola 11 which will generally be provided with access panels 12 (FIG. 2) and with a tank 13 located inside the vehicle.
  • the turret 10 externally carries a large caliber weapon 14 whose rear part is provided with a shield 15 and which constitutes with it a set 16. This set follows the rotational movement of the turret.
  • the assembly 16 occupies a position such that the firing axis of the weapon 14 constantly intersects the axis of rotation of the turret.
  • the journalling device comprises two lateral supports 18 framing the assembly 16 and journals 17 integral with the cradle of the weapon 14 and the shield 15.
  • the supports 18 are hollow and the journals 17 bear on their internal or external flank, according to the case.
  • the support 18 and the pins 17 are placed so that the journal axis of the assembly 16 is located clearly behind the axis of rotation of the turret. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2, this axis is practically located at the right of the rear part of the bearing supporting the turret 10. Thanks to this arrangement, the size of the turret and the volume of the tank can be very significantly reduced compared to those which would be necessary with conventional mounting.
  • the armor 15 of the weapon provided with inspection doors and access to the weapon and to its loading device (not shown), is provided at the rear with an opening 19 for ejecting empty casings during of shooting.
  • the equipment must include a device for supplying and loading the weapon 14, the routing of which is carried out entirely under shielding.
  • the path of the munition the weight of which will be several kilograms or even tens of kilograms, must go from the interior of the tank 13 to a loading station located under armor.
  • the supply system will generally comprise a conveyor, for example chain, of the conventional type, making it possible to bring each munition in turn to a manual loading station 20, on which the ammunition is placed by the servant, up to a transfer station 21 laterally offset from the vertical median plane of the weapon 14 and from which the ammunition can tilt towards an arming station 25 placed in the axis of the weapon. Arming itself can be carried out after the latter has retreated, which may have mechanically armed the loading device, which will only be triggered after ejection of the empty cartridge case and arrival of the new ammunition. Finally, it takes position 29.
  • the loading device can also be separate and supplied with energy by mechanical, electrical or hydraulic means.
  • the system can pass, without ever being exposed, from the dome 11 to the shield 15, by crossing openings provided for this purpose in a wall in the form of a circular sector of the support 18 and a corresponding wall of the shield 15.
  • the offset of the pins 17 rearward relative to the axis of rotation of the turret is smaller than in the case of fig. 1, while remaining nevertheless notable since it is greater than half the radius of the rolling crown.
  • the height of the trunnions 17 above the rolling crown is greatly increased, by increasing the height of the supports 18, which in particular makes it possible to achieve larger positive elevation angles. It can be seen that the height of the pin 17 above the bearing represents nearly two thirds of the diameter of this bearing.
  • the weapon supply device gives the ammunition a slightly different route from that indicated in fig. 1 to 3: the servant takes each ammunition in turn stored at 22 to place it on the loading conveyor at 20.
  • the conveyor passes through one of the supports 18 and a facing surface integral with the shielding 15.
  • the solution adopted may in particular be that indicated in FIGS. 5, 7 and 8.
  • the shield 15 comprises a wall 23 in the form of a cylindrical sector centered on the tilting axis and in which an opening 24 for the passage of the conveyor is formed.
  • the wall 23 cooperates with a corresponding, compatible wall of the dome 11, also pierced with a passage opening of the conveyor.
  • the angular development of the passage opening 24 must obviously be sufficient to authorize loading in the entire pointing area on the site envisaged. So that no fraction of the opening opens to the outside, even when pointing at a maximum positive site, the lateral support through which the supply system passes can be completed by a shield (not shown). We see in fig.
  • the loading device When fired, the loading device is erased.
  • the breech wedge 30 emerges, the breech moves back freely, driving the wedge and the empty socket ejects towards the rear.
  • the loading device armed by the backward movement, introduces the new ammunition.
  • the part returns to the firing position and the conveyor intervenes again to bring a munition at 21.
  • the pins are advantageously placed on the tilting assembly 16 so that their axis is close to the center of gravity G of the assembly. This reduces the tilting moments that the site pointing device must overcome.
  • a mechanical system exerting elastic forces which balance, at least partially, the tilting moments of the assembly 16, is provided.
  • it comprises a torsion bar 27 connected by a linkage 28 to the pins 17.
  • This linkage generally comprises cams not shown.
  • the balancing device can moreover take many other forms and use any elastic return members, such as torsion bars or helical springs.
  • This supply system shown in fig. 9 to 11 (where the members corresponding to those of FIGS. 7 and 8 bear the same reference number), can be regarded as comprising a conveyor making it possible to bring each munition in turn to a supply station 20 (where laying the shooter) at a transfer station 21 and an arming station 21, and an introduction mechanism intended to bring the ammunition from the arming station 25 to the firing chamber.
  • the loading conveyor 31 in turn consists of two parts.
  • the first, constituting device for bringing to the transfer station 21, consists of two parallel chains 31 driven by a motor-reduction unit which can be of conventional constitution and is not shown.
  • the two chains are provided with support clamps 32 and 33 connected together to form a carriage on which the shooter places the ammunition at the supply station 20, located in a turret.
  • the chains 31 are guided and driven by rollers and sprockets. Some 38 are located inside and carried by the turret. The others 39 are placed in the barrel compartment and secured to the shielding 15.
  • the rollers and pinions 38 and 39 are arranged so that the path imposed by the chains on the ammunition allows the latter to pass through the openings of the support 18 and of the shield 15 whatever the orientation in elevation of the barrel, from the maximum positive site (in phantom in Fig. 9) to the minimum negative site (in solid line).
  • the chains 31 must be kept in tension.
  • the 180 ° return pulley 39 is mounted on a slide 40 subjected to the action of a spring 34 maintained in compression by a link 35, one end of which is articulated on a fixed point inside the turret and the other end of which is movable to the right of the slides 36 of the slide, inside the barrel compartment.
  • the chain drive motor-reduction unit must be provided to move the clamps 32 and 33 either from the turret to the barrel compartment to supply the latter, or in the opposite direction to allow bringing back an unused ammunition or picking up a new ammunition to fire.
  • the second part of the loading conveyor is intended to transfer the ammunition from the transfer station, offset laterally relative to the barrel, to the cocking station 25.
  • This transfer mechanism (fig. 10a) comprises two clamps 41 and 42 which can be identical to those of the conveyor. These two pliers are each provided with an arm terminated by a sleeve 43 or 44 keyed sliding on a shaft 45 (fig. 11).
  • the sleeve 44 is provided with a mechanism making it possible to force it back and forth between the transfer position in which it is shown in FIG. 10a and the advanced position in which it is shown in FIG. 10b.
  • the shaft 47 is provided with a mechanism enabling it to rotate by the angle necessary to move the ammunition from position 21 to position 25 (fig. 10a).
  • This mechanism is for example constituted by an electric motor (not shown) driving an endless screw 47 meshing with a wheel 48 wedged on the shaft 45.
  • the device for introducing the ammunition into the firing chamber of the weapon successively involves the clamps 41 and 42, then a device with a deformable parallelogram.
  • the clamp 42 is provided with means allowing it to pass from the position of FIG. 10a at the position of FIG. 10b.
  • these means comprise a chain 46 which passes over the drive pinion 46a, to which an electric motor, not shown, is coupled.
  • clamps 41 and 42 constitute a trolley for transporting the ammunition. These clamps are coupled by a rod 49 and an electromagnet 50 making it possible to separate the two clamps. This electromagnet is controlled when the clamp 41 reaches the front end of the stroke, so as to allow the clamp 42 to come closer by partially introducing the ammunition into the chamber of the weapon.
  • the deformable parallelogram mechanism comprises a movable assembly 52 provided with central rollers which roll on parallel slides 53 and lateral rollers which roll on lateral slides 54 which converge in their front part.
  • the rear part of the movable assembly is provided with a lug 55 intended to cooperate with a drive arm 56 secured to the sleeve 44.
  • the parallelogram is thus driven during the forward movement of the clamp 42.
  • the reduction in the distance between the lateral slides 54 causes an elongation of the deformable parallelogram and the complete introduction of the cartridge into the chamber by a pusher. spring 57.
  • the entire device is obviously supplemented by conventional members such as start and end of travel limit switches and control switches.
  • the chains 31 then bring the ammunition to the transfer station 21.
  • a limit stop then causes the ammunition to be taken up by the clamps 41 and 42, then the opening of the clamps 32 and 33, for example using an electromagnet 37.
  • the mechanism for driving the shaft 45 in rotation is controlled so as to cause the munition to tilt from position 21 to position 25 (arrow f in FIG. 10a).
  • the mechanism for driving the sleeve 44 is controlled and successively causes the clamps 41 and 42 to move in block, then a further movement of the clamp 42 and at the same time the longitudinal extension of the moving element 52 with a deformable parallelogram to put in place the ammunition.
  • the clamps 41 and 42 then return to the original position and clear the location necessary for recoil when fired.
  • the casing is ejected through the opening 19 provided for this purpose in the shielding (fig. 1) and the barrel can be supplied again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Specific Conveyance Elements (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative aux matériels militaires du genre comportant une tourelle montée de façon à pouvoir tourner autour d'un axe vertical et portant, par un dispositif de tourillonnement à axe horizontal, une arme principale lourde, à chargement axial par l'arrière, totalement extérieure à la tourelle, munie d'un blindage propre et située approximativement dans un plan passant par l'axe de rotation de la tourelle. Des dispositifs de commande de pointage actionnables depuis l'intérieur de la tourelle permettent de pointer l'arme en azimuth en orientant la tourelle et en site en faisant basculer l'arme sur son dispositif de tourillonnement.The present invention relates to military equipment of the kind comprising a turret mounted so as to be able to rotate about a vertical axis and carrying, by a journaling device with horizontal axis, a heavy main weapon, with axial loading from the rear, completely external to the turret, provided with its own shielding and situated approximately in a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the turret. Pointing control devices that can be actuated from inside the turret allow the weapon to be pointed in azimuth by orienting the turret and in elevation by tilting the weapon on its journaling device.

On connaît déjà des matériels à tourelle et arme lourde dans lesquels l'arme principale de gros calibre alimentée coup par coup est généralement montée sur des tourillons placés approximativement au droit de la partie avant du roulement qui porte la tourelle de façon à donner à la partie arrière du canon la place nécessaire à son débattement en site et à son recul. Cette diposi- tion permet de mettre en tourelle la partie arrière de l'arme, à partir de tourillons inclus, mais elle a de nombreux inconvénients. L'encombrement et le poids de la tourelle sont directement liés aux caractéristiques de l'arme principale; le cercle balayé par l'extrémité du tube de l'arme est directement lié à la longueur de ce dernier et dépasse très fortement le gabarit du véhicule porteur dans la plupart des cas.Turret and heavy weapon materials are already known in which the main large caliber weapon fed blow by blow is generally mounted on trunnions placed approximately at the right of the front part of the bearing which carries the turret so as to give the part rear of the barrel the place necessary for its deflection in site and its retreat. This arrangement allows the rear part of the weapon to be turreted, from pins included, but it has numerous drawbacks. The size and weight of the turret are directly related to the characteristics of the main weapon; the circle swept by the end of the barrel of the weapon is directly linked to the length of the latter and greatly exceeds the size of the carrier vehicle in most cases.

On a également proposé un matériel militaire du genre ci-dessus défini dans lequel le dispositif de tourillonnement comprend deux supports latéraux encadrant l'arme, recevant des tourillons portés par celle-ci et définissant un axe de basculement situé en arrière de l'axe de rotation de la tourelle (US-A-2933981). Cette disposition permet de diminuer l'encombrement global du matériel. Mais il subsiste le problème de l'approvisionnement de l'arme. Le matériel décrit dans le brevet US 2933981 comporte une arme constituée par un lance-roquettes alimenté à cadence élevée par une courroie transporteuse disposée dans un caisson solidaire de l'arme. Cette disposition n'est pas transposable au cas des armes dont la munition est d'un poids tel que l'approvisionnement doit se faire coup par coup. Elle ne permet pas une protection satisfaisante des munitions. Elle ne permet de regarnir le caisson en munitions que pour une position particulière de l'arme.Military equipment of the kind defined above has also been proposed in which the journaling device comprises two lateral supports framing the weapon, receiving journals carried by it and defining a tilting axis situated behind the axis of turret rotation (US-A-2933981). This arrangement reduces the overall size of the equipment. But there remains the problem of the supply of the weapon. The equipment described in US Pat. No. 2,933,981 comprises a weapon constituted by a rocket launcher supplied at a high rate by a conveyor belt arranged in a box secured to the weapon. This provision cannot be transposed to the case of weapons whose ammunition is of such a weight that the supply must be done piecemeal. It does not provide adequate protection for ammunition. It only allows the casing to be replenished with ammunition for a particular position of the weapon.

La présente invention vise à fournir un matériel militaire répondant mieux que ceux antérieurement connus aux exigences de la pratique, notamment en ce qu'il écarte les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus des tourelles classiques munies d'une arme de gros calibre et assure un approvisionnement en munitions de cette arme de façon simple et le long d'un trajet entièrement protégé.The present invention aims to provide military equipment that better meets those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it eliminates the drawbacks mentioned above of conventional turrets provided with a large caliber weapon and ensures a supply of ammunition of this weapon in a simple way and along a fully protected route.

Dans ce but, l'invention propose un matériel militaire du genre ci-dessus défini, dans lequel l'un des supports coopère avec le blindage de l'arme pour constituer un couloir d'alimentation protégé pour un système d'approvisionnement coup par coup de l'arme en munitions depuis l'intérieur de la tourelle.To this end, the invention provides military equipment of the kind defined above, in which one of the supports cooperates with the armor of the weapon to constitute a protected supply corridor for a supply system blow by blow of the ammunition weapon from inside the turret.

Il faut remarquer à ce sujet que les systèmes d'approvisionnement connus dans lesquels un support de l'arme constitue couloir d'alimentation (par exemple celui décrit dans la DE-A-1947811) sont destinés à des armes légères, alimentées par bande depuis l'intérieur de la tourelle. Il semble en effet a priori impossible d'alimenter coup par coup une arme lourde dont l'angle de site peut varier dans un large domaine angulaire à partir d'un poste d'alimentation fixe.It should be noted in this regard that the known supply systems in which a weapon support constitutes a feed corridor (for example that described in DE-A-1947811) are intended for small arms, fed by tape from inside the turret. It seems a priori impossible to feed step by step a heavy weapon whose site angle can vary in a wide angular range from a stationary feeding station.

L'invention trouve une application particulièrement intéressante dans le domaine des véhicules militaires terrestres blindés portant une arme principale lourde, à chargement coup par coup, à laquelle peut s'ajouter d'ailleurs un armement secondaire. Cette application n'est toutefois pas exclusive: l'invention peut également être utilisée sur casemate ou sur véhicule maritime.The invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of armored land military vehicles carrying a heavy primary weapon, loaded step by step, to which may also be added secondary armament. This application is not, however, exclusive: the invention can also be used on a pillbox or on a maritime vehicle.

Quelle que soit l'application, les avantages de l'invention apparaissent nettement. Le disque balayé par l'extrémité du tube de l'arme est réduit du fait du rejet des tourillons vers l'arrière de la tourelle. Les dimensions de celle-ci peuvent être réduites, du fait notamment que le diamètre intérieur de sa couronne de roulement n'a pas à tenir compte de la distance de recul de l'arme par rapport au tourillon. Les possibilités de pointage à site positif et négatif sont accrues. Les dimensions du panier de tourelle n'ont plus à être déterminées en tenant compte du basculement et du recul de la partie arrière de l'arme: il suffit que le panier puisse recevoir le servant ou les servants et les munitions. L'arme ne pénétrant pas dans le compartiment occupé par les servants, les mouvements de ces derniers sont plus aisés, l'espace disponible est plus important, il n'y a plus de douilles vides dans la tourelle, les gaz de combustion s'échappent en totalité hors de la tourelle lors de l'ouverture de la culasse, le bruit en tourelle lors du tir est diminué. La protection du véhicule et des servants est très améliorée, car la tourelle peut être conçue de façon à avoir des lignes basses et fuyantes et il est possible de tirer en crête militaire en ne découvrant ni le véhicule, ni l'habitacle de la tourelle. L'ensemble constitué par l'arme et son blindage a lui-même une faible surface frontale et latérale, donc est moins exposé à destruction. Le système d'approvisionnement n'en reste pas moins parfaitement protégé.Whatever the application, the advantages of the invention appear clearly. The disc swept by the end of the barrel of the weapon is reduced due to the rejection of the trunnions towards the rear of the turret. The dimensions of the latter can be reduced, in particular because the inside diameter of its rolling crown does not have to take into account the distance of recoil of the weapon relative to the journal. The possibilities of pointing to positive and negative site are increased. The dimensions of the turret basket no longer have to be determined taking into account the tilting and recoil of the rear part of the weapon: it suffices that the basket can receive the servant or the servants and the ammunition. The weapon does not penetrate into the compartment occupied by the servants, the movements of the latter are easier, the available space is more important, there are no more empty sockets in the turret, the combustion gases are completely escape from the turret when opening the breech, the turret noise during firing is reduced. The protection of the vehicle and the servants is very improved, because the turret can be designed so as to have low and leaky lines and it is possible to fire at military crest while not discovering either the vehicle or the interior of the turret. The assembly constituted by the weapon and its armor has itself a small frontal and lateral surface, therefore is less exposed to destruction. The supply system is nonetheless perfectly protected.

L'arme principale portée par la tourelle sera une arme de gros calibre, typiquement 81 mm et davantage, dont le chargement s'effectue coup par coup. Le blindage de l'arme entourera la partie arrière de celle-ci, jusque et y compris l'axe de tourillonnement, et ménagera à l'arrière l'espace nécessaire au recul. Les douilles pourront s'échapper par une ouverture arrière du blindage. Pour permettre le passage du système d'approvisionnement en munitions, le blindage de l'arme comportera avantageusement vers l'avant et d'un côté au moins du plan médian, une paroi en forme de secteur cylindrique centrée sur l'axe de basculement et dans laquelle est ménagée une ouverture de passage du système d'approvisionnement (convoyeur à chaîne par exemple) coopérant avec la partie correspondante d'un des supports latéraux.The main weapon carried by the turret will be a large caliber weapon, typically 81 mm and more, whose loading is carried out blow by blow. The armor of the weapon will surround the rear part thereof, up to and including the journal axis, and will provide rear space for recoil. The sockets can escape through a rear opening of the shield. To allow the passage of the ammunition supply system, the armor of the weapon will advantageously comprise towards the front and at least on one side of the median plane, a wall in the form of a cylindrical sector centered on the tilting axis and in which is formed a passage opening of the supply system (chain conveyor for example) cooperating with the corresponding part of one of the lateral supports.

Pour réduire les efforts nécessaires au pointage de l'arme en site, l'axe de basculement est avantageusement placé de telle façon qu'il soit proche du centre de gravité de l'ensemble de l'arme et de son blindage et un système mécanique exerçant des efforts élastiques est avantageusement prévu pour équilibrer le moment de basculement résiduel.To reduce the efforts required for pointing the weapon in elevation, the tilting axis is advantageously placed in such a way that it is close to the center of gravity of the entire weapon and its armor and a mechanical system exerting elastic forces is advantageously provided to balance the residual tilting moment.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de matériels qui en constituent des modes particuliers d'exécution, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels:

  • - les fig. 1 et 2 sont des schémas de principe montrant, respectivement en élévation et en vue de face, un premier mode d'exécution,
  • - les fig. 3 et 4, similaires à la fig. 1, montrent des variantes de réalisation,
  • - les fig. 5 et 6 sont des schémas qui montrent, respectivement en coupe suivant un plan passant par l'axe de tourillonnement et par un plan vertical perpendiculaire à cet axe, un système mécanique d'équilibrage de l'arme,
  • - la fig. 7 est un schéma en perspective montrant une constitution du blindage et d'un support permettant le passage du système d'approvisionnement en munitions,
  • - la fig. 8 est un schéma à grande échelle montrant, vu de dessus, le recul de la culasse (zone en traits mixtes), et son rôle dans le chargement,
  • - la fig. 9 est une vue en coupe suivant un plan vertical montrant le convoyeur d'un système d'approvisionnement correspondant au schéma de la fig. 8,
  • - les fig. 10a et 10b montrent une constitution possible de la partie du système de la fig. 7 directement associée à l'arme,
  • - la fig. 11 est une vue d'un détail de la fig. 9a.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of equipment which constitutes particular embodiments thereof, given by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • - figs. 1 and 2 are block diagrams showing, respectively in elevation and in front view, a first embodiment,
  • - figs. 3 and 4, similar to fig. 1, show alternative embodiments,
  • - figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams which show, respectively in section along a plane passing through the journaling axis and through a vertical plane perpendicular to this axis, a mechanical system for balancing the weapon,
  • - fig. 7 is a perspective diagram showing a constitution of the shielding and of a support allowing the passage of the ammunition supply system,
  • - fig. 8 is a large-scale diagram showing, seen from above, the recoil of the cylinder head (area in phantom), and its role in loading,
  • - fig. 9 is a sectional view along a vertical plane showing the conveyor of a supply system corresponding to the diagram in FIG. 8,
  • - figs. 10a and 10b show a possible constitution of the part of the system of FIG. 7 directly associated with the weapon,
  • - fig. 11 is a view of a detail of FIG. 9a.

Le matériel montré en fig. 1 et 2 comprend une tourelle 10 qu'on supposera supportée, par l'intermédiaire d'un roulement d'axe vertical non représenté, par un véhicule dont le contour du châssis apparaît en traits mixtes. Cette tourelle 10 comprend une coupole blindée 11 qui sera généralement munie de panneaux d'accès 12 (fig. 2) et d'une cuve 13 située à l'intérieur du véhicule. La tourelle 10 porte extérieurement une arme de gros calibre 14 dont la partie arrière est munie d'un blindage 15 et qui constitue avec lui un ensemble 16. Cet ensemble suit le mouvement de rotation de la tourelle. Il est supporté par un dispositif de tourillonnement à axe horizontal permettant de pointer l'arme en hauteur à l'aide d'un dispositif de commande situé à l'intérieur de la tourelle, schématisé par un vérin. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, l'ensemble 16 occupe une position telle que l'axe de tir de l'arme 14 coupe constamment l'axe de rotation de la tourelle.The material shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a turret 10 which is assumed to be supported, by means of a bearing with a vertical axis not shown, by a vehicle whose outline of the chassis appears in phantom. This turret 10 comprises an armored cupola 11 which will generally be provided with access panels 12 (FIG. 2) and with a tank 13 located inside the vehicle. The turret 10 externally carries a large caliber weapon 14 whose rear part is provided with a shield 15 and which constitutes with it a set 16. This set follows the rotational movement of the turret. It is supported by a journaling device with a horizontal axis allowing the weapon to be pointed at a height using a control device located inside the turret, shown diagrammatically by a jack. In the illustrated embodiment, the assembly 16 occupies a position such that the firing axis of the weapon 14 constantly intersects the axis of rotation of the turret.

Le dispositif de tourillonnement comprend deux supports latéraux 18 encadrant l'ensemble 16 et des tourillons 17 solidaires du berceau de l'arme 14 et du blindage 15. Les supports 18 sont creux et les tourillons 17 prennent appui sur leur flanc interne ou externe, suivant le cas. Le support 18 et les tourillons 17 sont placés de façon que l'axe de tourillonnement de l'ensemble 16 soit situé nettement en arrière de l'axe de rotation de la tourelle. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré en fig. 1 et 2, cet axe est pratiquement situé au droit de la partie arrière du roulement supportant la tourelle 10. Grâce à cette disposition, l'encombrement de la tourelle et le volume de la cuve peuvent être très sensiblement réduits par rapport à ceux qui seraient nécessaires avec un montage classique. Le blindage 15 de l'arme, muni de portes de visite et d'accès à l'arme et à son dispositif de chargement (non représentées), est muni à l'arrière d'une ouverture 19 d'éjection des douilles vides lors du tir.The journalling device comprises two lateral supports 18 framing the assembly 16 and journals 17 integral with the cradle of the weapon 14 and the shield 15. The supports 18 are hollow and the journals 17 bear on their internal or external flank, according to the case. The support 18 and the pins 17 are placed so that the journal axis of the assembly 16 is located clearly behind the axis of rotation of the turret. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2, this axis is practically located at the right of the rear part of the bearing supporting the turret 10. Thanks to this arrangement, the size of the turret and the volume of the tank can be very significantly reduced compared to those which would be necessary with conventional mounting. The armor 15 of the weapon, provided with inspection doors and access to the weapon and to its loading device (not shown), is provided at the rear with an opening 19 for ejecting empty casings during of shooting.

Le matériel doit comporter un dispositif d'approvisionnement et de chargement de l'arme 14 dont le cheminement s'effectue tout entier sous blindage. Le cheminement de la munition, dont le poids sera de plusieurs kilogrammes ou mêmes dizaines de kilogrammes, doit aller de l'intérieur de la cuve 13 jusqu'à un poste de chargement situé sous blindage. Le système d'approvisionnement comportera généralement un convoyeur, par exemple à chaîne, de type classique, permettant d'amener chaque munition à son tour d'un poste de chargement manuel 20, sur lequel la munition est posée par le servant, jusqu'à un poste de transfert 21 décalé latéralement du plan vertical médian de l'arme 14 et d'où la munition peut basculer vers un poste d'armement 25 placé dans l'axe de l'arme. L'armement lui-même peut être réalisé après le recul de celle-ci, qui peut avoir mécaniquement armé le dispositif de chargement, lequel ne sera déclenché qu'après éjection de la douille vide et arrivée de la nouvelle munition. Finalement, celle-ci prend la position 29.The equipment must include a device for supplying and loading the weapon 14, the routing of which is carried out entirely under shielding. The path of the munition, the weight of which will be several kilograms or even tens of kilograms, must go from the interior of the tank 13 to a loading station located under armor. The supply system will generally comprise a conveyor, for example chain, of the conventional type, making it possible to bring each munition in turn to a manual loading station 20, on which the ammunition is placed by the servant, up to a transfer station 21 laterally offset from the vertical median plane of the weapon 14 and from which the ammunition can tilt towards an arming station 25 placed in the axis of the weapon. Arming itself can be carried out after the latter has retreated, which may have mechanically armed the loading device, which will only be triggered after ejection of the empty cartridge case and arrival of the new ammunition. Finally, it takes position 29.

Le dispositif de chargement peut également être distinct et alimenté en énergie par voie mécanique, électrique ou hydraulique.The loading device can also be separate and supplied with energy by mechanical, electrical or hydraulic means.

Le système peut passer, sans être jamais exposé, de la coupole 11 au blindage 15, en traversant des ouvertures ménagées à cet effet dans une paroi en forme de secteur circulaire du support 18 et une paroi correspondante du blindage 15.The system can pass, without ever being exposed, from the dome 11 to the shield 15, by crossing openings provided for this purpose in a wall in the form of a circular sector of the support 18 and a corresponding wall of the shield 15.

Dans la variante de réalisation montrée en fig. 3 (où les organes correspondant à ceux déjà montrés en fig. 1 portent le même numéro de référence), le décalage des tourillons 17 vers l'arrière par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la tourelle est plus faible que dans le cas de la fig. 1, tout en restant néanmoins notable puisqu'il est supérieur à la moitié du rayon de la couronne de roulement. Mais la hauteur des tourillons 17 au-dessus de la couronne de roulement est très accrue, par augmentation de la hauteur des supports 18, ce qui permet notamment d'atteindre des angles de site positif plus importants. On voit que la hauteur du tourillon 17 au-dessus du roulement représente près des deux tiers du diamètre de ce roulement.In the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 3 (where the members corresponding to those already shown in FIG. 1 bear the same reference number), the offset of the pins 17 rearward relative to the axis of rotation of the turret is smaller than in the case of fig. 1, while remaining nevertheless notable since it is greater than half the radius of the rolling crown. But the height of the trunnions 17 above the rolling crown is greatly increased, by increasing the height of the supports 18, which in particular makes it possible to achieve larger positive elevation angles. It can be seen that the height of the pin 17 above the bearing represents nearly two thirds of the diameter of this bearing.

Dans la variante de réalisation montrée en fig. 4, le dispositif d'approvisionnement de l'arme donne aux munitions un cheminement légèrement différent de celui indiqué en fig. 1 à 3: le servant prend chaque munition à son tour stockée en 22 pour la placer sur le convoyeur de chargement en 20.In the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the weapon supply device gives the ammunition a slightly different route from that indicated in fig. 1 to 3: the servant takes each ammunition in turn stored at 22 to place it on the loading conveyor at 20.

Dans tous les cas, le convoyeur traverse l'un des supports 18 et une surface en regard solidaire du blindage 15. La solution adoptée peut notamment être celle indiquée sur les fig. 5, 7 et 8. Le blindage 15 comprend une paroi 23 en forme de secteur cylindrique centré sur l'axe de basculement et dans laquelle est ménagée une ouverture 24 de passage du convoyeur. La paroi 23 coopère avec une paroi correspondante, compatible, de la coupole 11, également percée d'une ouverture de passage du convoyeur. Le développement angulaire de l'ouverture de passage 24 doit évidemment être suffisant pour autoriser le chargement dans tout le domaine de pointage en site envisagé. Pour qu'aucune fraction de l'ouverture ne s'ouvre à l'extérieur, même lors du pointage en site positif maximum, le support latéral que traverse le système d'approvisionnement peut être complété par un bouclier (non représenté). On voit sur la fig. 7 le trajet, indiqué par des flèches, d'une munition à travers le support 18 vers le poste de transfert 21. Elle bascule au poste d'armement 25. On voit sur la fig. 7, des volets 26 d'accès à la culasse de l'arme et au système de chargement, placés en fonction de l'arme utilisée.In all cases, the conveyor passes through one of the supports 18 and a facing surface integral with the shielding 15. The solution adopted may in particular be that indicated in FIGS. 5, 7 and 8. The shield 15 comprises a wall 23 in the form of a cylindrical sector centered on the tilting axis and in which an opening 24 for the passage of the conveyor is formed. The wall 23 cooperates with a corresponding, compatible wall of the dome 11, also pierced with a passage opening of the conveyor. The angular development of the passage opening 24 must obviously be sufficient to authorize loading in the entire pointing area on the site envisaged. So that no fraction of the opening opens to the outside, even when pointing at a maximum positive site, the lateral support through which the supply system passes can be completed by a shield (not shown). We see in fig. 7 the path, indicated by arrows, of a munition through the support 18 towards the transfer station 21. It switches to the cocking station 25. We see in FIG. 7, flaps 26 for access to the breech of the weapon and to the loading system, placed according to the weapon used.

Lors du tir, le dispositif de chargement est effacé. Le coin de culasse 30 se dégage, la culasse recule librement en entraînant le coin et la douille vide s'éjecte vers l'arrière. Le dispositif de chargement, armé par le recul, introduit la nouvelle munition. La pièce revient en position de tir et le convoyeur intervient de nouveau pour amener une munition en 21.When fired, the loading device is erased. The breech wedge 30 emerges, the breech moves back freely, driving the wedge and the empty socket ejects towards the rear. The loading device, armed by the backward movement, introduces the new ammunition. The part returns to the firing position and the conveyor intervenes again to bring a munition at 21.

Les tourillons sont avantageusement placés sur l'ensemble basculant 16 de façon que leur axe soit à proximité du centre de gravité G de l'ensemble. On réduit ainsi les moments de basculement que doit vaincre le dispositif de pointage en site. Pour les réduire encore, un système mécanique exerçant des forces élastiques qui équilibrent, au moins partiellement, les moments de basculement de l'ensemble 16, est prévu. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré en fig. 5 et 6, il comporte une barre de torsion 27 reliée par une tringlerie 28 aux tourillons 17. Cette tringlerie comprend généralement des cames non représentées. Le dispositif d'équilibrage peut d'ailleurs prendre de nombreuses autres formes et utiliser des organes de rappel élastique quelconques, tels que barres de torsion ou ressorts hélicoïdaux.The pins are advantageously placed on the tilting assembly 16 so that their axis is close to the center of gravity G of the assembly. This reduces the tilting moments that the site pointing device must overcome. To further reduce them, a mechanical system exerting elastic forces which balance, at least partially, the tilting moments of the assembly 16, is provided. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 and 6, it comprises a torsion bar 27 connected by a linkage 28 to the pins 17. This linkage generally comprises cams not shown. The balancing device can moreover take many other forms and use any elastic return members, such as torsion bars or helical springs.

On décrira maintenant, à titre d'exemple, un système d'approvisionnement correspondant aux schémas des fig. 7 et 8.We will now describe, by way of example, a supply system corresponding to the diagrams in FIGS. 7 and 8.

Ce système d'approvisionnement, montré en fig. 9 à 11 (où les organes correspondant à ceux des fig. 7 et 8 portent le même numéro de référence), peut être regardé comme comprenant un convoyeur permettant d'amener chaque munition à son tour d'un poste d'approvisionnement 20 (où la pose le tireur) à un poste de transfert 21 et un poste d'armement 21, et un mécanisme d'introduction destiné à amener la munition du poste d'armement 25 à la chambre de tir.This supply system, shown in fig. 9 to 11 (where the members corresponding to those of FIGS. 7 and 8 bear the same reference number), can be regarded as comprising a conveyor making it possible to bring each munition in turn to a supply station 20 (where laying the shooter) at a transfer station 21 and an arming station 21, and an introduction mechanism intended to bring the ammunition from the arming station 25 to the firing chamber.

Le convoyeur de chargement 31 est constitué à son tour de deux parties. La première, constituant dispositif d'amenée au poste de transfert 21, est constituée de deux chaînes parallèles 31 entraînées par un ensemble moteur-réducteur qui peut être de constitution classique et n'est pas représenté. Les deux chaînes sont munies de pinces supports 32 et 33 reliées entre elles pour constituer un chariot sur lequel le tireur place la munition au poste d'approvisionnement 20, situé en tourelle.The loading conveyor 31 in turn consists of two parts. The first, constituting device for bringing to the transfer station 21, consists of two parallel chains 31 driven by a motor-reduction unit which can be of conventional constitution and is not shown. The two chains are provided with support clamps 32 and 33 connected together to form a carriage on which the shooter places the ammunition at the supply station 20, located in a turret.

Les chaînes 31 sont guidées et entraînées par des galets et des pignons. Certains 38 sont situés à l'intérieur de la tourelle et portés par celle-ci. Les autres 39 sont placés dans le compartiment du canon et solidaires du blindage 15. Les galets et pignons 38 et 39 sont disposés de façon que le trajet imposé par les chaînes aux munitions permette à ces dernières de passer par les ouvertures du support 18 et du blindage 15 quelle que soit l'orientation en site du canon, depuis le site positif maximum (en trait mixte sur la fig. 9) jusqu'au site négatif minimum (en trait plein).The chains 31 are guided and driven by rollers and sprockets. Some 38 are located inside and carried by the turret. The others 39 are placed in the barrel compartment and secured to the shielding 15. The rollers and pinions 38 and 39 are arranged so that the path imposed by the chains on the ammunition allows the latter to pass through the openings of the support 18 and of the shield 15 whatever the orientation in elevation of the barrel, from the maximum positive site (in phantom in Fig. 9) to the minimum negative site (in solid line).

Les chaînes 31 doivent être maintenues en tension. Dans ce but, la poulie de renvoi à 180° 39 est montée sur un coulisseau 40 soumis à l'action d'un ressort 34 maintenu en compression par une biellette 35 dont une extrémité est articulée sur un point fixe à l'intérieur de la tourelle et dont l'autre extrémité est mobile au droit des glissières 36 du coulisseau, à l'intérieur du compartiment du canon.The chains 31 must be kept in tension. For this purpose, the 180 ° return pulley 39 is mounted on a slide 40 subjected to the action of a spring 34 maintained in compression by a link 35, one end of which is articulated on a fixed point inside the turret and the other end of which is movable to the right of the slides 36 of the slide, inside the barrel compartment.

Le groupe moteur-réducteur d'entraînement de la chaîne doit être prévu pour déplacer les pinces 32 et 33 soit de la tourelle vers le compartiment du canon pour approvisionner ce dernier, soit en sens contraire pour permettre de ramener une munition inutilisée ou venir chercher une nouvelle munition à tirer.The chain drive motor-reduction unit must be provided to move the clamps 32 and 33 either from the turret to the barrel compartment to supply the latter, or in the opposite direction to allow bringing back an unused ammunition or picking up a new ammunition to fire.

La seconde partie du convoyeur de chargement est destinée à transférer la munition du poste de transfert, décalé latéralement par rapport au canon, au poste d'armement 25.The second part of the loading conveyor is intended to transfer the ammunition from the transfer station, offset laterally relative to the barrel, to the cocking station 25.

Ce mécanisme de transfert (fig. 10a) comprend deux pinces 41 et 42 qui peuvent être identiques à celles du convoyeur. Ces deux pinces sont munies chacune d'un bras terminé par un manchon 43 ou 44 claveté coulissant sur un arbre 45 (fig. 11). Le manchon 44 est muni d'un mécanisme permettant de lui imposer un mouvement de va-et-vient entre la position de transfert dans laquelle il est représenté sur la fig. 10a et la position avancée dans laquelle il est montré sur la fig. 10b.This transfer mechanism (fig. 10a) comprises two clamps 41 and 42 which can be identical to those of the conveyor. These two pliers are each provided with an arm terminated by a sleeve 43 or 44 keyed sliding on a shaft 45 (fig. 11). The sleeve 44 is provided with a mechanism making it possible to force it back and forth between the transfer position in which it is shown in FIG. 10a and the advanced position in which it is shown in FIG. 10b.

Ce mécanisme sera décrit plus loin, en même temps que sa fonction.This mechanism will be described later, together with its function.

L'arbre 47 est muni d'un mécanisme permettant de le faire tourner de l'angle nécessaire pour faire passer la munition de la position 21 à la position 25 (fig. 10a). Ce mécanisme est par exemple constitué par un moteur électrique (non représenté) entraînant une vis sans fin 47 engrenant une roue 48 calée sur l'arbre 45.The shaft 47 is provided with a mechanism enabling it to rotate by the angle necessary to move the ammunition from position 21 to position 25 (fig. 10a). This mechanism is for example constituted by an electric motor (not shown) driving an endless screw 47 meshing with a wheel 48 wedged on the shaft 45.

Le dispositif d'introduction de la munition dans la chambre de tir de l'arme met successivement en jeu les pinces 41 et 42, puis un dispositif à parallélogramme déformable.The device for introducing the ammunition into the firing chamber of the weapon successively involves the clamps 41 and 42, then a device with a deformable parallelogram.

Dans ce but, comme on l'a vu plus haut, la pince 42 est munie de moyens permettant de la faire passer de la position de la fig. 10a à la position de la fig. 10b. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, ces moyens comportent une chaîne 46 qui passe sur le pignon d'entraînement 46a, auquel est attelé un moteur électrique non représenté.For this purpose, as we saw above, the clamp 42 is provided with means allowing it to pass from the position of FIG. 10a at the position of FIG. 10b. In the illustrated embodiment, these means comprise a chain 46 which passes over the drive pinion 46a, to which an electric motor, not shown, is coupled.

On voit que les pinces 41 et 42 constituent un chariot de transport de la munition. Ces pinces sont couplées par une tige 49 et un électro-aimant 50 permettant de désolidariser les deux pinces. Cet électro-aimant est commandé lorsque la pince 41 arrive en fin de course avant, de façon à permettre de la pince 42 de se rapprocher davantage en introduisant partiellement la munition dans la chambre de l'arme.It can be seen that the clamps 41 and 42 constitute a trolley for transporting the ammunition. These clamps are coupled by a rod 49 and an electromagnet 50 making it possible to separate the two clamps. This electromagnet is controlled when the clamp 41 reaches the front end of the stroke, so as to allow the clamp 42 to come closer by partially introducing the ammunition into the chamber of the weapon.

Le mécanisme à parallélogramme déformable comporte un équipage mobile 52 muni de galets centraux qui roulent sur des glissières parallèles 53 et de galets latéraux qui roulent sur des glissières latérales 54 qui convergent dans leur partie avant. La partie arrière de l'équipage mobile est munie d'une patte 55 destinée à coopérer avec un bras d'entraînement 56 solidaire du manchon 44. Le parallélogramme est ainsi entraîné lors du mouvement d'avance de la pince 42. Dans la partie finale de la course de celle-ci, losqu'elle se rapproche de la pince 41, la diminution de l'écart entre les glissières latérales 54 provoque un allongement du parallélogramme déformable et l'introduction complète de la cartouche dans la chambre par un poussoir à ressort 57.The deformable parallelogram mechanism comprises a movable assembly 52 provided with central rollers which roll on parallel slides 53 and lateral rollers which roll on lateral slides 54 which converge in their front part. The rear part of the movable assembly is provided with a lug 55 intended to cooperate with a drive arm 56 secured to the sleeve 44. The parallelogram is thus driven during the forward movement of the clamp 42. In the final part of the course of the latter, when it approaches the clamp 41, the reduction in the distance between the lateral slides 54 causes an elongation of the deformable parallelogram and the complete introduction of the cartridge into the chamber by a pusher. spring 57.

L'ensemble du dispositif est évidemment complété par des organes classiques tels que interrupteurs de butée de début et de fin de course et contacteurs de commande.The entire device is obviously supplemented by conventional members such as start and end of travel limit switches and control switches.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de décrire en détail le fonctionnement du dispositif, étant donné qu'il découle de sa constitution.It is not necessary to describe in detail the operation of the device, since it follows from its constitution.

On voit qu'il suffit au tireur de placer une munition au poste d'approvisionnement 20 et de mettre en marche le dispositif. Les chaînes 31 amènent alors la munition au poste de transfert 21. Une butée de fin de course provoque alors la prise de la munition par les pinces 41 et 42, puis l'ouverture des pinces 32 et 33, par exemple à l'aide d'un électro-aimant 37. Le mécanisme d'entraînement en rotation de l'arbre 45 est commandé de façon à faire basculer la munition de la position 21 à la position 25 (flèche f sur la fig. 10a). Le mécanisme d'entraînement du manchon 44 est commandé et provoque successivement le déplacement en bloc des pinces 41 et 42, puis un déplacement supplémentaire de la pince 42 et en même temps l'extension longitudinale de l'équipage mobile 52 à parallélogramme déformable pour mettre en place la munition. Les pinces 41 et 42 reviennent ensuite à la position d'origine et dégagent l'emplacement nécessaire au recul lors du tir. La douille est éjectée par l'ouverture 19 prévue à cet effet dans le blindage (fig. 1) et le canon peut être approvisionné de nouveau.It can be seen that it is sufficient for the shooter to place an ammunition at the supply station 20 and to start the device. The chains 31 then bring the ammunition to the transfer station 21. A limit stop then causes the ammunition to be taken up by the clamps 41 and 42, then the opening of the clamps 32 and 33, for example using an electromagnet 37. The mechanism for driving the shaft 45 in rotation is controlled so as to cause the munition to tilt from position 21 to position 25 (arrow f in FIG. 10a). The mechanism for driving the sleeve 44 is controlled and successively causes the clamps 41 and 42 to move in block, then a further movement of the clamp 42 and at the same time the longitudinal extension of the moving element 52 with a deformable parallelogram to put in place the ammunition. The clamps 41 and 42 then return to the original position and clear the location necessary for recoil when fired. The casing is ejected through the opening 19 provided for this purpose in the shielding (fig. 1) and the barrel can be supplied again.

Claims (8)

1. Military equipment comprising a turret (10) mounted for turning motion about a vertical axis and carrying, by means of a trunnion device with a horizontal axis, a main heavy gun which can be loaded axially from the rear wholly externally of the turret, provided with its own armour and located approximately in a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the turret, the trunnion device comprising two lateral supports (18) enfram- ing the gun (14) and receiving pivots carried by the latter, in order to define a swivel axis disposed to the rear of the axis of rotation of the turret, characterised in this that one of the supports (18) co-operates with the armour (15) of the gun in order to form a protected supply channel for a system of supply round-by-round to the gun with rounds from the interior of the turret (11, 13) the armour of the gun comprising a front wall (23) in the shape of a cylindrical sector centred on the swivel axis, in which an opening (24) is formed for the passage of the said system terminating within the turret through the support having an angular extent sufficient to enable loading over the whole of the range of aiming of the gun on site by a conveyor, for example a chain conveyor (31), enabling the conveyance one by one of the rounds from a manual loading station (20) within the turret to a transfer station (21) located laterally of the vertical median plane of the gun disposed to the rear of the said swivel axis and from whence the rounds are swivelled laterally to an arming station (25) located on the axis of the gun.
2. Equipment according to claim 1, characterised in this that the pivots (17) are disposed on the armour of the gun in a position such that the centre of gravity of the swivel assembly will be disposed approximately on the swivel axis and in this that a mechanical resilient system is provided in order to balance at least partially the swivel moment in the gun due to the forces of gravity.
3. Equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in this that the armour of the gun is provided with a rear passage (10) for the ejection of casings to the rear of the gun compartment.
4. Equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in this that the loading device for the gun is mechanically armed by the latter during its recoil consecutively with the departure of the shot which precedes it or is effected through the intermediary of a supplementary mechanical, electrical or hydraulic means.
5. Equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in this that the loading device of the gun is moved aside after loading to enable the recoil of the latter within the interior of the armour during the firing of the shot.
6. Equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in this that the distance between the trunnion axis and the vertical axis of the turret is such that the disc swept by the end of the barrel of the gun during the rotation of the turret approaches a minimum, for the given total length of the gun and of the armour.
7. Equipment according to claim 1, characterised in this that it comprises a shell transfer mechanism from the transfer station (21), comprising a set of prehensile grippers (41, 42) for the shells fast for rotation with a shaft (45) provided with means for causing it to turn and leading to a set of grippers at the arming station (25), and an introduction device comprising means to cause the advance of the set of grippers along the shaft (45) towards the chamber of the gun.
8. Equipment according to claim 7, characterised in this that the introduction device comprises furthermore a deformable parallelogram device driven by one of the sets of grippers and co-operating with the shells for the introduction into the chamber from the position to which it is brought by the grippers.
EP80400984A 1979-07-27 1980-06-30 Military equipment comprising a turret supporting a heavy gun on the outside Expired EP0023441B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80400984T ATE1918T1 (en) 1979-07-27 1980-06-30 MILITARY MATERIAL WITH A TANK TURRET ON WHICH A CANNON IS MOUNTED OUTSIDE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7919401A FR2462686A1 (en) 1979-07-27 1979-07-27 MILITARY EQUIPMENT COMPRISING A TURRET CARRYING A MAIN EXTERIOR WEAPON
FR7919401 1979-07-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0023441A1 EP0023441A1 (en) 1981-02-04
EP0023441B1 true EP0023441B1 (en) 1982-12-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400984A Expired EP0023441B1 (en) 1979-07-27 1980-06-30 Military equipment comprising a turret supporting a heavy gun on the outside

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4381693A (en)
EP (1) EP0023441B1 (en)
AR (1) AR227157A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE1918T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8004682A (en)
CA (1) CA1153598A (en)
DE (1) DE3061211D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8104554A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2462686A1 (en)
MX (1) MX153205A (en)
ZA (1) ZA804497B (en)

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CA1153598A (en) 1983-09-13
FR2462686B1 (en) 1983-09-09
MX153205A (en) 1986-08-22
AR227157A1 (en) 1982-09-30
BR8004682A (en) 1983-04-26
FR2462686A1 (en) 1981-02-13
ES493547A0 (en) 1981-04-16
ZA804497B (en) 1981-07-29
DE3061211D1 (en) 1983-01-05
ES8104554A1 (en) 1981-04-16
ATE1918T1 (en) 1982-12-15
US4381693A (en) 1983-05-03
EP0023441A1 (en) 1981-02-04

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