DK154551B - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING LAMINATED WOODS - Google Patents

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING LAMINATED WOODS Download PDF

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Publication number
DK154551B
DK154551B DK284574AA DK284574A DK154551B DK 154551 B DK154551 B DK 154551B DK 284574A A DK284574A A DK 284574AA DK 284574 A DK284574 A DK 284574A DK 154551 B DK154551 B DK 154551B
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Denmark
Prior art keywords
glass plate
plastic film
membrane
container
pressure
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Application number
DK284574AA
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Danish (da)
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DK284574A (en
DK154551C (en
Inventor
Hans-Georg Friedrich
Friedrich Halberschmidt
Rudolf Pelzer
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Saint Gobain
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Publication of DK154551B publication Critical patent/DK154551B/en
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Publication of DK154551C publication Critical patent/DK154551C/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10825—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
    • B32B17/10834—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid
    • B32B17/10844—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings

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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

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Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en laminatrude véd klæbning af en plastfolie på en af et eller flere lag glas bestående glasplade.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method of making a laminate pane by adhering a plastic film to one or more layers of glass.

En kendt metode til fremstilling af ruder af den-5 ne art går ud på at sammensætte glaspladen og plastfolien eventuelt med et mellemliggende lag af klæbematerialet. På ydersiden af plastfolien anbringes der endnu en glasplade, en såkaldt beskyttelsesplade, hvis form svarer til rudens form, hvorefter denne stabel udsættes 10 for den sædvanlige behandling til fremstilling af lamina truder, nemlig varmepåvirkning og trykpåvirkning i en autoklav, hvorefter beskyttelsespladen fjernes fra ruden, jfr. de tyske fremlæggelsesskrifter 2.055.361 og 2.161.217 og det belgiske patentskrift nr. 788.868.A known method for making windows of this kind is to assemble the glass sheet and the plastic film, optionally with an intermediate layer of the adhesive material. On the outside of the plastic film is placed another glass plate, a so-called protective plate, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the pane, after which this stack is subjected to the usual treatment for the manufacture of lamina threader, namely heat and pressure in an autoclave, after which the protective plate is removed from the pane. cf. German Patent Nos. 2,055,361 and 2,161,217 and Belgian Patent Specification 788,868.

15 I den kendte metode er det altså nødvendigt at anvende beskyttelsesplader, hvis form nøjagtigt svarer til formen af den glasplade, der indgår i laminatruden.15 In the known method, it is therefore necessary to use protective plates, the shape of which exactly corresponds to the shape of the glass plate included in the laminate pane.

Denne metode kræver ikke alene en yderligere glasplade, til hvis form der stilles strenge dimensionskrav, men 20 den indebærer også en række behandlingstrin til anbringelse af denne beskyttelsesplade og senere til fjernelse af pladen fra den færdigfremstillede rude.This method not only requires an additional sheet of glass for which stringent dimensional requirements are set, but it also involves a number of processing steps for applying this sheet of protection and later for removing the sheet from the finished pane.

Man har forsøgt at afhjælpe disse vanskeligheder ved at anvende en pose af fleksibelt materiale, hvori 25 ruden placeres, hvorefter posen udsættes for en udvendig trykpåvirkning.Attempts have been made to overcome these difficulties by using a bag of flexible material in which the pane is placed, after which the bag is subjected to an external pressure effect.

Imidlertid har denne metode også sine ulemper.However, this method also has its drawbacks.

Den ene ulempe er, at trykket udøves ensartet og samti-30 digt på hele rudens overflade, hvorfor der stadigvæk efterlades luftbobler mellem glaspladerne og det mellemliggende plastlag, eftersom rudens enkelte lag allerede er lagt sammen i det øjeblik, hvor ruden placeres i posen. Disse luftbobler forringer den færdige rudes optis-35 ke kvalitet.The one disadvantage is that the pressure is applied uniformly and simultaneously on the entire surface of the pane, which is why air bubbles are still left between the glass sheets and the intermediate plastic layer, since the individual layers of the pane are already put together at the moment when the pane is placed in the bag. These air bubbles degrade the optical quality of the finished pane.

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Den anden ulempe er, at indføringen af stablen af glasplader og plastmellemlag i posen er besværlig, tidskrævende og indebærer brugen af særlige klemmeorganer for stablen.The second disadvantage is that the insertion of the stack of glass sheets and plastic intermediates into the bag is cumbersome, time consuming and involves the use of special clamping means for the stack.

5 Fra beskrivelsen til GB patent nr. 1.354.615 ken der man en fremgangsmåde og et apparat til fremstilling af sådanne laminatruder. Denne kendte teknik går ud på at anbringe på et underlag af passende form en allerede samlet kombination af glas- og plastlag, hvorpå der ov-10 enfra, ved hjælp af en fleksibel membran og ved tilførsel af trykluft,udøves tryk på disse sammensatte lag, først i det midterste område af ruden og derefter progressivt imod ruden kanter. Denne fra midten til kanterne progressive presning skulle kunne fjerne luftboblerne 15 fra laminatruden, men den forudsætter dog, at den forud-samlede kombination af de enkelte lag i sig selv allerede er relativt fri for luftbobler, hvilket kan være vanskeligt allerede af den grund, at den plastfolie, der indgår i laminatruden, under sin egen vægt har tendens 20 til at "sætte" sig ned på det underliggende lag og til herved at indeslutte luft.From the specification of GB Patent No. 1,354,615, there is known a method and apparatus for producing such laminate panes. This prior art involves applying to a substrate of suitable shape an already assembled combination of glass and plastic layers, upon which pressure is exerted on these composite layers by means of a flexible membrane and by supply of compressed air. first in the middle area of the pane and then progressively against the pane edges. This progressive pressing from the center to the edges should be able to remove the air bubbles 15 from the laminate pane, but it assumes that the pre-assembled combination of the individual layers itself is already relatively free of air bubbles, which may be difficult already because the plastic film contained in the laminate pane under its own weight tends to "settle" down on the underlying layer and thereby enclose air.

Opfindelsen tager sigte på en fremgangsmåde, der overflødiggør brugen af beskyttelsespladen eller af posen til sammenpresning af de forskellige lag og som fø-25 rer til opnåelse af laminatruder af ganske udmærket optisk kvalitet, som det f.eks. kræves til køretøjer, dvs. ruder, der er fri for luftindeslutninger eller -bobler. Fremgangsmåden er også velegnet, til fremstilling af laminatruder, der har krumning i en eller to retninger.The invention is directed to a method which eliminates the use of the protective plate or the bag for compressing the various layers and which results in obtaining laminate panes of very good optical quality, such as for example. required for vehicles, viz. windows that are free of air enclosures or bubbles. The method is also suitable for producing laminate panes having curvature in one or two directions.

30 Ifølge opfindelsen løses opgaven ved, at plast folien placeres frit på en membran af højelastisk materiale, der er fastspændt langs sin omkreds, at glaspladen placeres i en i det væsentlige horisontal stilling ovenover plastfolien, og at der, medens membranens yder-35 kant holdes i konstant afstand fra glaspladens yderkant, udøves tryk på membranen således, at den løfter plast- 3According to the invention, the task is solved by placing the plastic film freely on a membrane of highly elastic material which is clamped along its circumference, that the glass plate is placed in a substantially horizontal position above the plastic film and that while the outer edge of the membrane is held at a constant distance from the outer edge of the glass plate, pressure is exerted on the membrane to lift the plastic 3

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folien og presser den mod undersiden af glaspladen, først i glaspladens midterste område og derefter progressivt i retning mod og frem til glaspladens periferi.the foil and press it against the underside of the glass plate, first in the middle region of the glass plate and then progressively towards and towards the periphery of the glass plate.

Med denne fremgangsmåde kan man med udmærkede re-5 sultater anbringe en plastfolie på en glasplade, således at den fremstillede laminatrude har en meget god optisk kvalitet, forudsat at plastfolien selv ikke har optiske fejl. Metodens effektivitet beror på den omstændighed, at plastfolien frit placeres på membranen og at 10 membranen ved trykpåvirkning nedenfra bringes til at bule ud, hvorved plastfolien nedenfra først presses ved midten af glaspladen, hvorefter kontaktfladen mellem membranen og plastfolien vokser regelmæssigt, således at plastfolien til en vis grad lamineres i alle retnin-15 ger og regelmæssigt og således udglattes parallelt med overfladen af glaspladen. Under disse forhold vil plastfolien meget nøje følge overfladen af glasfladen, hvorved man undgår optiske fejl, såsom luftbobler, som kunne resultere af en uregelmæssig sammentrykning af plast-20 folien og glaspladen.With this method, with excellent results, a plastic film can be placed on a glass plate so that the laminate pane manufactured has a very good optical quality, provided that the plastic film itself has no optical defects. The effectiveness of the method depends on the fact that the plastic film is placed freely on the membrane and that the membrane is pressurized from below under pressure, whereby the plastic film from below is first pressed at the center of the glass plate, after which the contact surface between the membrane and the plastic film grows regularly, so that the plastic film for a to some extent, are laminated in all directions and regularly and thus smoothed parallel to the surface of the glass plate. Under these conditions, the plastic film will closely follow the surface of the glass surface, avoiding optical errors such as air bubbles which could result in an irregular compression of the plastic film and glass plate.

Opfindelsen angår også et apparat til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, hvilket apparat omfatter holdeorganer for glaspladen og bæreorganer for plastfolien og er ejendommeligt ved, at det omfatter en 25 beholder bestående af to hermetisk sammemlukkelige dele, at holdeorganerne for glaspladen er anbragt i denne beholder og er indrettede til at holde glaspladen i det væsentlige i horisontal stilling, at bæreorganerne for plastfolien udgøres af en højelastisk membran, der stræk-30 ker sig tværs over hele beholderens indre og under holdeorganerne for glaspladen og i afstand fra denne, hvilken membran er fastspændt langs hele sin omkreds, at der findes organer til at suge luften fra den lukkede beholder og organer til frembringelse af et relativt 35 overtryk mellem membranen og bunden af den membranbærende del af beholderen.The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, which apparatus comprises glass plate holding means and plastic film support means, and is characterized in that it comprises a container consisting of two hermetically sealable parts, that the glass plate holding means are arranged in said container and are arranged to hold the glass plate substantially in a horizontal position, that the carrier means for the plastic film is constituted by a highly elastic membrane which extends across the entire interior of the container and below the retaining means of the glass plate and spaced from it, which membrane is clamped along throughout its circumference, there are means for sucking the air from the closed container and means for producing a relative overpressure between the membrane and the bottom of the membrane-carrying portion of the container.

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Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til den skematiske tegning, hvor fig. 1 viser et lodret længdesnit gennem en første udførelsesform for apparatet ifølge opfindelsen, 5 fig. 2 et snit langs linien II-II i fig. 1, fig. 3 en del af det i fig. 1 viste apparat med en skematisk angivelse af tre successive faser i fremgangsmåden, fig. 4 et snit langs linien IV-IV i fig. 3, 10 fig. 5 et lodret længdesnit gennem en yderligere udførelsesform for apparatet ifølge opfindelsen, og fig.6 et snit langs linien VI-VI i fig. 5.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawing, in which fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a section along line II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a part of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with a schematic representation of three successive phases of the process; FIG. 4 is a section along line IV-IV of FIG. 3, 10 FIG. 5 shows a vertical longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, and FIG. 6 is a section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5th

Den i fig. 1 og 2 viste beholder omfatter en øvre halvdel 1 og en nedre halvdel 2. De to halvdele af 15 beholderen og dermed selve beholderen har en form, der til en vis grad svarer til formen af den laminatrude, der skal fremstilles. Herved opnås, at beholderens indre volumen kan være ret lille, og at det kun tager kort tid for at fjerne luften fra beholderen. Den nedre halvdel 20 2 af beholderen hviler på ben 3. Den øvre halvdel 1 er forbundet med den nedre halvdel 2 over et hængselled 4. Den øvre halvdel 1 er fast forbundet med en arm 5, der ved den bort fra beholderen vendende ende har en kontravægt 6. Armen 5 påvirkes af stempelstan-25 gen 7 på en hydraulisk trykcylinder 8, hvorved beholderen kan åbnes eller lukkes ved rotation af den øvre halvdel 1 omkring hængselaksen 4.The FIG. 1 and 2 comprises an upper half 1 and a lower half 2. The two halves of the 15 container and thus the container itself have a shape which is somewhat similar to the shape of the laminate pane to be manufactured. This results in that the inner volume of the container can be quite small and that it only takes a short time to remove the air from the container. The lower half 20 2 of the container rests on leg 3. The upper half 1 is connected to the lower half 2 over a hinge joint 4. The upper half 1 is firmly connected to an arm 5 which at the end facing away from the container has a counterweight 6. The arm 5 is actuated by the piston rod 7 on a hydraulic pressure cylinder 8, whereby the container can be opened or closed by rotation of the upper half 1 around the hinge axis 4.

Langs sin omkreds har den øvre halvdel 1 af beholderen en nedadvendt kant 9, medens den nedre halv-30 del 2 har en opadvendt kant 10. På oversiden af kanten 10 af den nedre halvdel 2 er der anbragt en tæt ningsliste 11 af elastisk materiale, der presses sammen, når beholderen lukkes, hvorved der opnås en tætlukning af beholderen overfor trykket eller vakuummet.Along its circumference, the upper half 1 of the container has a downward edge 9, while the lower half 30 has an upward edge 10. On the upper edge of the edge 10 of the lower half 2 a sealing strip 11 of elastic material is arranged. which is compressed when the container is closed, thereby obtaining a tight closure of the container against the pressure or vacuum.

35 Bunden 12 af den nedre halvdel 2 af beholde-The bottom 12 of the lower half 2 of the container

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5 ren har ved midten en rende 13, der er forbundet med en ledning 15 gennem en tragt 14. Over ventiler 16, 17, 18 kan ledningen 15 forbindes med en trykkilde, med atmosfæren eller med en vakuumkilde. På bunden . 12 af 5 den nedre halvdel 2 af beholderen er der anbragt et metalvæv 19 med lille maskestørrelse og derpå en membran 20 af silikongummi af en tykkelse på 2 mm. Membranen 20 er fast forbundet langs omkredsen mellem bunden 12 og en ramme 21. Metalvævet 19, der f.eks.At the center, a drain 13 has a channel 13 connected to a conduit 15 through a funnel 14. Over valves 16, 17, 18, conduit 15 can be connected to a pressure source, to the atmosphere or to a vacuum source. At the bottom . 12 of 5 the lower half 2 of the container, a metal mesh 19 of small mesh size is placed and then a membrane 20 of silicone rubber of 2 mm thickness. The membrane 20 is firmly connected along the circumference between the base 12 and a frame 21. The metal web 19, e.g.

10 består af messing, holder membranen 20 i kort afstand fra bunden 12 og tjener til at undgå, at membranen i det øjeblik, hvor vakuummet etableres, presses i anlæg mod tragten 14.10 consists of brass, holds the diaphragm 20 at a short distance from the bottom 12 and serves to prevent the diaphragm from being pressed against the hopper 14 when the vacuum is established.

Den øvre halvdel 1 af beholderen er opbygget på 15 samme måde. Låget 22 har ligeledes en ved midten beliggende rende 23, der over en tragt 24 er forbundet med en ledning 25. Ledningen 25 er tilsluttet ledningen 15, der som tidligere nævnt kan sættes under tryk eller forbindes med atmosfæren eller med vakuumkilden 20 gennem ventilerne henholdsvis 16, 17, og 18. Derfor har man i ledningen 25 det samme tryk som i ledningen 15.The upper half 1 of the container is constructed in the same manner. The lid 22 also has a central channel 23 which is connected to a conduit 24 over a hopper 24. The conduit 25 is connected to the conduit 15 which, as previously mentioned, can be pressurized or connected to the atmosphere or to the vacuum source 20 through the valves 16 respectively. , 17, and 18. Therefore, the conduit 25 has the same pressure as the conduit 15.

Under låget 22 findes der også et metalvæv 26 med lille maskestørrelse, hvilket væv tjener til at holde en membran 27 af silikongummi i kort afstand fra låget.Under the lid 22 there is also a small mesh size metal web 26 which serves to hold a silicone rubber diaphragm 27 a short distance from the lid.

25 Membranen 27 . er på samme måde som membranen 20 fastklemt langs omkredsen mellem en ramme 28 og låget 22.The membranes 27. in the same way as the membrane 20 is clamped along the circumference between a frame 28 and the lid 22.

Det indre rum i beholderen kan forbindes med atmosfæren eller med en vakuumkilde ved hjælp af ledninger 3Q og 31, som passerer gennem kanten 10.The inner space of the container may be connected to the atmosphere or to a vacuum source by means of conduits 3Q and 31 passing through the edge 10.

30 I den nedre halvdel 2 af beholderen findes der tappe 34, der rager ind fra kanterne og tjener til understøtning af glaspladen 35. Disse tappe 34 udgøres af stempelstængerne fra trykcylindre 36, der er beliggende uden for kanten 10 og på de ønskede tidspunkter 35 kan trækkes tilbage ved aktivering af trykcylindrene 36.30 In the lower half 2 of the container there are pins 34 protruding from the edges and serving to support the glass plate 35. These pins 34 are constituted by the piston rods of pressure cylinders 36 located outside the edge 10 and at the desired times 35 retracted by actuation of the pressure cylinders 36.

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Fremstillingen ved hjælp af det beskrevne apparat forklares nærmere herefter:The preparation by means of the described apparatus is further explained below:

Ved aktivering af trykcylinderen 8 drejes den øvre halvdel 1 af beholderen opad, hvorved beholderen 5 åbnes. Derefter anbringer man i den nedre halvdel 2 af beholderen den plastfolie 38, der skal fastklæbes til ruden, idet oversiden af denne plastfolie, der skal komme i kontakt med glasset, eventuelt påføres et varmepå-virkeligt klæbemateriale. Derefter anbringer man på tap-10 pene 34 en glasplade 35, der på forhånd er opvarmet i en ovn op til den temperatur, der er nødvendig for klæbematerialet, hvorefter beholderen lukkes, ved at den øvre halvdel 1 lukkes under påvirkning fra trykcylinderen 8. Derefter åbnes ventilen 18, således at der 15 over ledningerne 15 og 25, næsten samtidigt på grund af det lille volumen i beholderen, etableres et undertryk på ca. 0,5 Torr på bagsiden af membranerne 20 og 27. Dette undertryk tjener til at forhindre membranerne i at bule ud under evakuering af selve beholderen. Dette 20 undertryk bag membranerne kan etableres, før beholderen lukkes. Såsnart den øvre halvdel er lagt på og beholderen er lukket, åbnes ventilen 39, hvorved ledningen 30 forbindes med en vakuumpumpe, som fjerner luften fra beholderens indre. Efter ét minut opnår man et vakuum på 25 ca. 0,5 Torr. Såsnart dette vakuum er opnået, lukkes ventilen 18 og ventilen 17 åbnes lidt, hvorved det atmosfæriske tryk langsomt genoprettes bag membranerne 20 og 27. Dette har til resultat, at membranerne pumpes lidt op, således som det vises i flere successive 30 trin i fig. 3 og 4. Under denne operation kommer membranerne næsten samtidigt i kontakt med den centrale del af glaspladen 35 og ventilen 39 holdes fortsat åben, således at luften fortsat kan suges ud, medens membranen kommer i kontakt med glaspladen og trykket fortsat er af 35 størrelsesorden 0,5 Torr. På denne måde pumpes den nedre membran 20 op lidt hurtigere og kommer derfor i kon- 7By activating the pressure cylinder 8, the upper half 1 of the container is turned upwards, thereby opening the container 5. Then, in the lower half 2 of the container, the plastic foil 38 to be adhered to the pane is placed, the top of this plastic foil coming into contact with the glass, optionally applying a heat-sensitive adhesive material. Then a glass plate 35 pre-heated in an oven up to the temperature required for the adhesive material is placed on the tabs 34, after which the container is closed by closing the upper half 1 under the influence of the pressure cylinder 8. Then the valve 18 is opened so that 15, over the lines 15 and 25, almost simultaneously due to the small volume in the container, a negative pressure of approx. 0.5 Torr on the back of the membranes 20 and 27. This negative pressure serves to prevent the membranes from bulging during evacuation of the container itself. This negative pressure behind the membranes can be established before the container is closed. As soon as the upper half is applied and the container is closed, the valve 39 opens, whereby the conduit 30 is connected to a vacuum pump which removes the air from the interior of the container. After one minute, a vacuum of 25 approx. 0.5 Torr. As soon as this vacuum is obtained, the valve 18 is closed and the valve 17 is slightly opened, whereby the atmospheric pressure is slowly restored behind the membranes 20 and 27. This results in the membranes being pumped up slightly, as shown in several successive 30 steps in FIG. 3 and 4. During this operation, the membranes come into contact almost simultaneously with the central portion of the glass plate 35 and the valve 39 remains open so that the air can continue to be sucked out while the membrane contacts the glass plate and the pressure continues to be of the order of 0. , 5 Torr. In this way, the lower membrane 20 is pumped up a little faster and therefore enters con 7

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takt med glaspladen lidt tidligere end membranen 27.with the glass plate slightly earlier than the membrane 27.

Herved aflastes tappene 34, der ved hjælp af deres trykcylindre trækkes tilbage i det øjeblik, hvor glaspladen 35 er understøttet af den nedre membran.Hereby, the pins 34 are relieved, which by their pressure cylinders are retracted at the moment the glass plate 35 is supported by the lower membrane.

5 Den tilstand membranen 20 indtager i det øje blik, hvor den presser plastfolien 38 i den midterste del af ruden 35, er vist ved en stiplet linie 20' i fig. 3, medens den tilstand den øvre membran 27 indtager på samme tidspunkt, er vist ved en stiplet linie 10 27'. Efterhånden som membranerne pumpes op, kommer deres kontaktflade på begge sider af glaspladen til at vokse.5 The state of the membrane 20 in the eye when it presses the plastic film 38 in the middle part of the pane 35 is shown by a dotted line 20 'in FIG. 3, while the state of the upper membrane 27 occupies at the same time, is shown by a dotted line 10 27 '. As the membranes are pumped up, their contact surface on both sides of the glass plate grows.

Da de to membraner oppumpes regelmæssigt og synkront, vil ruden holdes i den viste, midterste position. Som følge af den progressive stigning af kontaktarealet med 15 den nedre membran 20, lamineres plastfolien 38 mod ruden og den udglattes tangentialt med glaspladens overflade. To senere positioner for de deformerede membraner angives ved de stiplede linier 20'*, 20^, 27'' og 27111 i fig. 3 og 4. Som følge af kontakten med den var-20 me glaspladen vil laget af varmepåvirkeligt klæbemateriale på plastfolien 38 eller selve plastfolien plas-tificeres og klæbes til glaspladen. Når det atmosfaariske tryk er genoprettet, lukkes ventilen 17 og der indføres luft under atmosfærisk tryk gennem ventilen 16, ind-25 til der udøves et tryk på ca. 2 atm. på glaspladen. Herved forbedres sammenpresningen og fastklæbningen af folien og pladen. Dette tryk på 2 atm. opretholdes endnu i f.eks. 20 sek, hvorefter man åbner ventilen 17 og genopretter det atmosfæriske tryk i beholderen, der til-30 sidst åbnes under aktivering af trykcylinderen 8. Den færdigfremstillede rude på grund af sin egenvægt hviler på den nedre membran 20 og kan derefter fjernes fra beholderen.As the two membranes are inflated regularly and synchronously, the pane will be held in the middle position shown. As a result of the progressive increase of the contact area with the lower membrane 20, the plastic film 38 is laminated to the pane and is smoothed tangentially with the surface of the glass plate. Two later positions of the deformed membranes are indicated by the dotted lines 20 '*, 20 ^, 27' 'and 27111 of FIG. 3 and 4. As a result of contact with the hot glass sheet, the layer of heat-sensitive adhesive material on the plastic film 38 or the plastic film itself will be placed and adhered to the glass plate. When the atmospheric pressure is restored, the valve 17 is closed and air is introduced under atmospheric pressure through the valve 16 until a pressure of approx. 2 atm. on the glass plate. This improves the compression and adhesion of the foil and the sheet. This pressure of 2 atm. is still maintained in e.g. 20 seconds, after which the valve 17 is opened and the atmospheric pressure is restored in the container which is finally opened during activation of the pressure cylinder 8. The finished pane, due to its own weight, rests on the lower membrane 20 and can then be removed from the container.

Fig. 5 og 6 viser en yderligere udførelsesform 35 for apparatet ifølge opfindelsen. Dette apparat omfatter også en nedre beholderdel 40, der hviler på ben 4],FIG. 5 and 6 show a further embodiment 35 of the apparatus according to the invention. This apparatus also includes a lower container portion 40 resting on legs 4].

DK 154551 BDK 154551 B

s samt en øvre beholderdel 42, der danner låg. Låget 42 kan vippe om en aksel 43, der er monteret på den nedre beholderdel 40. En tætningsliste 44 sikrer en overfor vakuummet og trykket tæt lukning af de to dele af 5 beholderen. Trykcylinderen 46, der er ledforbundet med armen 45, tjener til åbning og lukning af beholderen.s as well as an upper container portion 42 forming a lid. The lid 42 can flip over a shaft 43 mounted on the lower container portion 40. A sealing strip 44 ensures a tight seal against the vacuum and pressure of the two parts of the container. The pressure cylinder 46, which is connected to the arm 45, serves to open and close the container.

Låget 42 har en stiv, konkav kontraplade 47, der er fastholdt på låget ved hjælp af skruestænger 48.The lid 42 has a rigid concave counterplate 47 which is secured to the lid by screw rods 48.

Ved betjening af håndtag 49 kan man indstille disse 10 skruestænger og dermed højden af kontrapladen 47 i lå-het, hvilket har betydning, når kontrapladen 47 skal udskiftes med en anden kontraplade med en anden form.When operating handle 49, these 10 screw rods can be adjusted and thus the height of the counter plate 47 in a lock, which is important when replacing the counter plate 47 with another counter plate with a different shape.

Den konkave side af denne kontraplade svarer nøje til formen af glaspladen 50, med hvilken den skal komme 15 i kontakt. Glaspladen 50 fastspændes til denne kontraplade ved hjælp af et pneumatisk aktiveret fastspændings-system. Dette fastspændingssystem omfatter trykcylindre 51, hvis stempelstænger 52 har tappe 53, der rager nedad og påvirker kanterne af glaspladen 50. På denne 20 måde holdes undersiden af glaspladen 50, på hvilken plastfolien 54 skal fastklæbes, helt fri.The concave side of this counterplate closely corresponds to the shape of the glass plate 50 with which it must come into contact. The glass plate 50 is clamped to this counter plate by means of a pneumatically activated clamping system. This clamping system comprises pressure cylinders 51, whose piston rods 52 have pins 53 projecting downwardly and affecting the edges of the glass plate 50. In this way, the underside of the glass plate 50 on which the plastic film 54 is to be adhered is completely free.

I den nedre beholderdel 40 findes der en konveks kontraplade 55. Ved midten har denne kontraplade 55 en kegleformet åbning 56, der er forbundet med en 25 ledning 57. Ledningen 57 kan sættes under tryk eller forbindes med atmosfæren eller med en vakuumkilde gennem ventiler 58, 59 og 60. På den konvekse side af kon-trapladen 55 er der anbragt et metalvæv 61 med lille maskestørrelse. Oven på dette metalvæv er der anbragt en 30 membran 62 af silikongummi med en tykkelse på ca. 2 mm, hvilken membran ved omkredsen er fast forbundet med kontrapladen 55, ved hjælp af en profileret kant 63.In the lower container portion 40 there is a convex counterplate 55. At the center, this counterplate 55 has a cone-shaped opening 56 which is connected to a conduit 57. Conduit 57 can be pressurized or connected to the atmosphere or to a vacuum source through valves 58. 59 and 60. On the convex side of the countertop 55, a metal mesh 61 of small mesh size is arranged. On top of this metal web is a silicone rubber membrane 62 having a thickness of approx. 2 mm, which diaphragm at the perimeter is firmly connected to the counter-plate 55 by means of a profiled edge 63.

Den vertikale flange på denne profil 63 er tilstrækkelig lang til, at den rager lidt op over underkanten af 35 kontrapladen 47. Denne flange danner med den øvre kon-The vertical flange of this profile 63 is sufficiently long that it protrudes slightly above the bottom edge of the counterplate 47. This flange forms with the upper cone.

DK 154551 BDK 154551 B

9 traplade en tilstrækkeligt snæver spalte, til at gummi-membranen 62 i det øjeblik, hvor den pumpes op, ikke kan trænge ind i denne spalte. Beholderen evakueres eller sættes under tryk gennem ledninger, henholdsvis 65 5 og 66.9, a slab sufficiently narrow that the rubber diaphragm 62 at the moment it is pumped up cannot penetrate this slot. The container is evacuated or pressurized through lines 65 and 66 respectively.

I visse tilfælde, specielt når det drejer sig om en meget fleksibel plastfolie 54, kan denne folie hensigtsmæssigt anbringes på en ramme 67. Denne ramme har tilnærmelsesvis samme form som glaspladen 50, men er .10 dog lidt større, således at glaspladen kan passere gennem rammen. Rammen består af massivt metal og kan hvile direkte på plastfolien 54. Rammen tjener til at holde folien tilbage i sin nederste position ved omkredsen, medens foliens midterste del løftes op under påvirkning 15 fra membranen 62. Man opnår herved en yderligere trækvirkning, der specielt når det drejer sig om meget fleksible plastfolier bevirker, at man undgår en eventuel dannelse af uønskede folder.In certain cases, especially in the case of a highly flexible plastic film 54, this film may conveniently be applied to a frame 67. This frame is approximately the same shape as the glass plate 50, but is .10 slightly larger so that the glass plate can pass through frame. The frame is made of solid metal and can rest directly on the plastic foil 54. The frame serves to hold the foil back to its lower position at the circumference, while the middle part of the foil is lifted under the influence 15 of the membrane 62. This provides an additional tensile effect, especially when these are very flexible plastic foils preventing the formation of unwanted folds.

Eventuelt kan rammen 67 være fast forbundet med 20 låget 42, således at den, når beholderen lukkes, automatisk kommer i anlæg mod plastfolien. En liggende ramme kan iøvrigt også anvendes i det i fig. 1 og 2 viste apparat.Optionally, the frame 67 may be firmly connected to the lid 42 so that, when the container is closed, it automatically engages the plastic film. A horizontal frame may also be used in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2.

Forskellen mellem det i fig. 1-4 viste apparat 25 og det i fig. 5 og 6 viste apparat ligger hovedsageligt i den omstændighed, at man i den anden udførelsesform kun anvender en enkelt gummimembran til presning og klæbning af plastfolien, og at glaspladen tilbageholdes ved hjælp af en stiv kontraplade. Fastklæbningen af 30 plastfolien 54 på glaspladen sker iøvrigt på samme måde som ovenfor beskrevet.The difference between the one shown in FIG. 1-4 and the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 and 6 are mainly in the fact that in the second embodiment only a single rubber membrane is used for pressing and adhering the plastic film, and that the glass plate is retained by means of a rigid counter-plate. The adhesive of the plastic film 54 to the glass plate is otherwise done in the same way as described above.

3535

Claims (22)

1. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en laminatrude ved klæbning af en plastfolie på en af et eller flere lag glas bestående glasplade, kendeteg-5 net ved, at plastfolien (38) placeres frit på en mem-membran (20) af højelastisk materiale, der er fastspændt langs sin omkreds, at glaspladen (35) placeres i en i det væsentlige horisontal stilling ovenover plastfolien, og at der, medens membranens yderkant holdes i konstant 10 afstand fra glaspladens yderkant, udøves tryk på membranen således, at den løfter plastfolien og presser den mod undersiden af glaspladen, først i glaspladens midterste område og derefter progressivt i retning mod og frem til glaspladens periferi.A method of making a laminate pane by bonding a plastic film to one or more layers of glass plate, characterized in that the plastic film (38) is placed freely on a membrane (20) of high elastic material which is clamped along its circumference so that the glass plate (35) is placed in a substantially horizontal position above the plastic film and that while the outer edge of the membrane is kept at a constant distance from the outer edge of the glass plate, pressure is exerted on the membrane to lift the plastic film and press it toward the underside of the glass plate, first in the middle region of the glass plate and then progressively towards and towards the periphery of the glass plate. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendeteg ne t ved, at der, inden plastfolien presses mod glaspladen, ved udsugning fjernes den luft, der er til stede mellem rudens enkelte lag.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before the plastic film is pressed against the glass plate, the air present between the individual layers of the pane is removed by suction. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 2, kendete g-20 net ved, at der under udsugningen også skabes et undertryk på den side af den elastiske membran (20) , der vender bort fra plastfolien (38).The method of claim 2, characterized in that during suction, a vacuum is also created on the side of the elastic membrane (20) which faces away from the plastic film (38). 4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at undertrykket på den side af den elastiske 25 membran (20), der vender bort fra plastfolien (38), efter udsugningen ophæves således, at membranen buler ud under påvirkningen fra det atmosfæriske tryk og presser plastfolien mod glaspladen.Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the vacuum on the side of the elastic membrane (20) facing away from the plastic film (38) is lifted after the suction so that the membrane bulges under the influence of the atmospheric pressure and presses the plastic film against the glass plate. 5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 4, kendete g-30 net ved, at der efter ophævelse af undertrykket på den bort fra plastfolien (38) vendende side af membranen (20) fortsat suges luft ud fra rummet mellem de lag, der skal samles.5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that, after removal of the vacuum on the side of the membrane (20) facing away from the plastic film (38), air from the space between the layers to be collected is still sucked. 6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 3, 4 eller 5, k e n-35 detegnet ved, at der efter udsugningen udøves et tryk på mere end 1 atm. på den bort fra plastfolien (38) vendende side af membranen (20). DK 154551 B6. A method according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that, after suction, a pressure exceeding 1 atm is applied. on the side of the membrane (20) facing away from the plastic film (38). DK 154551 B 7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-6, kendetegnet ved, at der anvendes en plastfolie, der på forhånd er belagt med et lag klæbemateriale.Process according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that a plastic foil is pre-coated with a layer of adhesive material. 8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-6, 5 kendetegnet ved, at der som klæbemateriale anvendes en separat klæbefolie.Process according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that a separate adhesive film is used as adhesive material. 9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-6, kendetegnet ved, at der som plastfolie anvendes en folie, der i opblødt tilstand er egnet til selv 10 at klæbe til glaspladen.A method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that a plastic film is used which, in the softened state, is suitable for adhering to the glass plate itself 10. 10. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 7-9» kendetegnet ved, at der til klæbelaget eller plastfolien anvendes et varmepåvirkeligt materiale og at fastklæbningen af plastfolien til glaspladen foretages 15 ved høj temperatur.Process according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that a heat-sensitive material is used for the adhesive layer or plastic foil and that the adhesive of the plastic foil to the glass plate is carried out at high temperature. 11. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 10, kendetegnet ved, at glaspladen forvarmes til den til fastklakning fornødne temperatur, og at sammenpresningen af plastfolien og den forvarmede glasplade foretages i en beholder, 20 tilnærmelsesvis ved omgivelsestemperaturen.Process according to claim 10, characterized in that the glass plate is preheated to the temperature required for sealing and the compression of the plastic film and the preheated glass plate is carried out in a container, approximately at ambient temperature. 12. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-11, kendetegnet ved, at glaspladen, under presning af plastfolien, på sin bort fra den elastiske membran vendende side støttes af en stiv kontraplade, hvis form 25 svarer til glaspladens form.Method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, during pressing of the plastic film, the glass plate is supported on its side away from the elastic membrane by a rigid counter-plate, the shape of which 25 corresponds to the shape of the glass plate. 13. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 12, kendetegnet ved, at glaspladen under udsugningen fastholdes ved hjælp af en klemmemekanisme i indgreb med glaspladens kanter.Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the glass plate is held during the extraction by means of a clamping mechanism engaging the edges of the glass plate. 14. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-11, kendetegnet ved, at glaspladen, under presning af plastfolien, på sin bort fra den elastiske membran vendende side støttes af endnu en højelastisk membran (27), der holdes fastspændt langs sin omkreds og som ud- 35 sættes for det samme tryk som den membran (20) , der pres-' ser plastfolien (38) mod glaspladen (35). ψ DK 154551 ΒMethod according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the glass plate, while pressing on the plastic film, is supported on its side away from the elastic membrane by another high elastic membrane (27) which is held clamped along its circumference and protrudes. - 35 is set at the same pressure as the diaphragm (20) pressing the plastic film (38) against the glass plate (35). ψ DK 154551 Β 15. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 12 eller 14, kendetegnet ved, at glaspladen (35) under udsugningen hviler på støttetappe, og at disse støttetappe trækkes tilbage såsnart glaspladen bæres af den udbulende, 5 nedre membran (20).Method according to claim 12 or 14, characterized in that the glass plate (35) rests on the support pins during the extraction and that these support pins are retracted as the glass plate is supported by the bulging lower membrane (20). 16. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-15, kendetegnet ved, at der under den nedre membrans udbuling som følge af trykpåvirkning udøves over omkredsen af den side af plastfolien (38), der skal klæ- 10 bes til glaspladen (20), en modsat membranen virkende kraft.Method according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that during the bulging of the lower membrane, due to pressure exertion, the circumference of the side of the plastic film (38) to be adhered to the glass plate (20) is exerted. opposite to the diaphragm acting force. 17. Apparat til fremstilling af en laminatrude ved klæbning af en plastfolie på en af et eller flere lag glas bestående glasplade under udøvelse af fremgangs- 15 måden ifølge de foregående krav, hvilket apparat omfatter holdeorganer for glaspladen og bæreorganer for plastfolien, kendetegnet ved, at det omfatter en beholder bestående af to hermetisk sammenlukkelige dele (1,2; 40, 42), at holdeorganerne (34; 53) for glaspladen 20 (35) er anbragt i denne beholder og er indrettede til at holde glaspladen i det væsentlige i horisontal stilling, at bæreorganerne for plastfolien (38) udgøres af en højelastisk membran (20, 62), der strækker sig tværs over hele beholderens indre og under holdeorganerne for glas-25 pladen og i afstand fra denne, hvilken membran er fastspændt langs hele sin omkreds, at der findes organer (30, 31, 39; 65, 66) til at suge luften fra den lukkede beholder (1, 2; 40, 42) og organer (17, 59) til frembringelse af et relativt overtryk mellem membranen (20, 30 62) og bunden af den membranbærende del (2, 40) af be holderen .Apparatus for producing a laminate pane by adhering a plastic foil to one or more layers of glass sheet, in accordance with the method of the preceding claims, which apparatus comprises glass plate holding means and carrier sheets for the plastic film, characterized in that: it comprises a container consisting of two hermetically closable members (1,2; 40, 42), that the retaining means (34; 53) of the glass plate 20 (35) are disposed in said container and arranged to hold the glass plate substantially in horizontal position that the carrier means for the plastic film (38) is constituted by a highly elastic membrane (20, 62) extending across the entire interior of the container and below the retaining means of the glass plate and spaced therefrom, which membrane is clamped along its entire circumference that means (30, 31, 39; 65, 66) exist to suck the air from the closed container (1, 2; 40, 42) and means (17, 59) to produce a relative overpressure between the diaphragm (20 , 30 62) and bu end of the membrane-carrying portion (2, 40) of the container. 18. Apparat ifølge krav 17, kendetegnet ved, at der til fastholdelse af glaspladens øvre del i-mod det af membranen (62) udøvede tryk findes i den øvre 35 beholderdel (42) en stiv kontraplade (47), der har samme form som glaspladen. DK 154551 BApparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that, for holding the upper part of the glass plate against the pressure exerted by the diaphragm (62), a rigid counter-plate (47) is provided in the upper 35 part (42) having the same shape as glass. DK 154551 B 19. Apparat ifølge krav 17 eller 18, kendetegnet ved, at det til fastholdelse af glaspladen (50) i horisontal position under den stive kontraplade (47) findes fastklemningsorganer (51, 52, 53), til ind- 5 greb med to modstående kanter af glaspladen.Apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that clamping means (51, 52, 53) are provided for holding the glass plate (50) in a horizontal position below the rigid counter-plate (47), for engagement with two opposite edges. of the glass plate. 20. Apparat ifølge krav 17, kendetegnet ved, at der til fastholdelse af glaspladen (35) imod det af membranen (20) udøvede tryk, der presser plastfolien mod glaspladen, findes i den øvre beholderdel (1) en 10 anden højelastisk membran (27), der strækker sig tværs over hele beholderens indre og er fastspændt langs omkredsen, hvilken membran på den bort fra glaspladen vendende side udsættes for et overtryk, der er lig med det overtryk, der indvirker på førstnævnte membran (20).Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that, for holding the glass plate (35) against the pressure exerted by the membrane (20) pressing the plastic film against the glass plate, a second high elastic membrane (27) is provided in the upper container part (1). ) which extends across the entire interior of the container and is clamped along the circumference, which membrane on the side facing away from the glass plate is subjected to an overpressure equal to the overpressure acting on the first membrane (20). 21. Apparat ifølge kravene 17 og 20, kende tegnet ved, at der til fastholdelse af glaspladen (35) i horisontal position findes tilbagetrækkelige tappe (34), som går gennem beholderens sidekanter (10).Apparatus according to claims 17 and 20, characterized in that retractable pins (34) are provided for holding the glass plate (35) in a horizontal position, which pass through the side edges (10) of the container. 22. Apparat ifølge et eller flere af kravene 17-20 21, kendetegnet ved, en ramme (67), indrettet til at udøve tryk på omkredsen af plastfolien, på den side heraf, der skal klæbes til glaspladen. 25 30 35Apparatus according to one or more of claims 17-20 21, characterized by a frame (67) adapted to exert pressure on the circumference of the plastic film, on the side thereof to be adhered to the glass plate. 25 30 35
DK284574A 1973-05-25 1974-05-24 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING LAMINATED WOODS DK154551C (en)

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NO128064B (en) * 1969-02-17 1973-09-24 Co Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson
GB1354615A (en) * 1970-05-29 1974-06-05 Kalle Ag Method and apparatus for the production and/or processing of a sheet of material by compression

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK42149C (en) * 1928-10-17 1930-05-05 Morris Greenhill Method and Apparatus for the manufacture of composite glass sheets which do not shatter or crack.
NO128064B (en) * 1969-02-17 1973-09-24 Co Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson
GB1354615A (en) * 1970-05-29 1974-06-05 Kalle Ag Method and apparatus for the production and/or processing of a sheet of material by compression

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LU70154A1 (en) 1975-02-24
AT361650B (en) 1981-03-25
IN140352B (en) 1976-10-23
ES426674A1 (en) 1976-07-16
CH599063A5 (en) 1978-05-12
NL7406988A (en) 1974-11-27
IT1012730B (en) 1977-03-10
SE408769C (en) 1985-04-29
NO741896L (en) 1974-11-26
BR7404234D0 (en) 1975-09-30
AU6906674A (en) 1975-11-20
DE2424085A1 (en) 1974-12-12
DK284574A (en) 1975-01-20
FR2230599B1 (en) 1976-11-12
DE2424085B2 (en) 1975-05-07
GB1449767A (en) 1976-09-15
DK154551C (en) 1989-04-17
AR199256A1 (en) 1974-08-14
FI56367B (en) 1979-09-28
FR2230599A1 (en) 1974-12-20
ZA743335B (en) 1975-05-28
JPS5027874A (en) 1975-03-22
NO135241C (en) 1977-03-09
CA1050870A (en) 1979-03-20
FI56367C (en) 1980-01-10
FI160774A (en) 1974-11-26
BE815526A (en) 1974-11-25
NO135241B (en) 1976-11-29
SE408769B (en) 1979-07-09
JPS5812140B2 (en) 1983-03-07
DE2424085C3 (en) 1976-01-02
ATA406274A (en) 1980-08-15

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