DK147137B - PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING AN ANIMAL FEED CONTAINING A CONTINUOUS GEL FROM ACID WHEAT PROTEIN - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING AN ANIMAL FEED CONTAINING A CONTINUOUS GEL FROM ACID WHEAT PROTEIN Download PDF

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DK147137B
DK147137B DK078975AA DK78975A DK147137B DK 147137 B DK147137 B DK 147137B DK 078975A A DK078975A A DK 078975AA DK 78975 A DK78975 A DK 78975A DK 147137 B DK147137 B DK 147137B
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whey protein
product
meat
protein
whey
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DK147137C (en
DK78975A (en
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Keith Buckley
Philip John Lowe
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Mars G B Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/22Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
    • A23J3/28Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising using coagulation from or in a bath, e.g. spun fibres
    • A23J3/285Texturising casein using coagulation from or in a bath
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/04Animal proteins
    • A23J3/08Dairy proteins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/22Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
    • A23J3/225Texturised simulated foods with high protein content
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/22Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
    • A23J3/225Texturised simulated foods with high protein content
    • A23J3/227Meat-like textured foods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/22Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
    • A23J3/26Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising using extrusion or expansion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/22Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
    • A23J3/28Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising using coagulation from or in a bath, e.g. spun fibres
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A23K10/28Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin from waste dairy products
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A23K50/45Semi-moist feed
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)

Description

V P. B.V P. B.

(19) DANMARK(19) DENMARK

φ os) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT (n) 147137 Bφ os) PUBLICATION MANUAL (n) 147137 B

DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETDIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Patentansøgning nr.: 0789/75 (51) Int.CI.3: A23K 1/08 A 23 J 3/00 (22) Indleveringsdag: 27 feb 1975 (41) Alm. tilgængelig: 28 aug 1975 (44) Fremlagt: 24 apr 1984 (86) International ansøgning nr.: -(30) Prioritet: 27 feb 1974 GB 8935/74 (71) Ansøger: *MARS G.B. LIMITED; London EC3M 6BN, GB.(21) Patent Application No .: 0789/75 (51) Int.CI.3: A23K 1/08 A 23 J 3/00 (22) Filing Date: 27 Feb 1975 (41) Alm. available: 28 Aug 1975 (44) Submitted: 24 Apr 1984 (86) International Application No: - (30) Priority: 27 Feb 1974 GB 8935/74 (71) Applicant: * MARCH G.B. LIMITED; London EC3M 6BN, GB.

(72) Opfinder: Keith "Buckley; GB, Philip John *Lowe; GB.(72) Inventor: Keith "Buckley; GB, Philip John * Lowe; GB.

(74) Fuldmægtig: Firmaet Chas. Hude_ (54) Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et dyrefoder indeholdende en sammenhængende gel ud fra surt valleprotein(74) Plenipotentiary: Chas. Hude_ (54) Process for preparing an animal feed containing a coherent gel from acidic whey protein

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en formgivet dyrefoder ud fra surt valleprotein.The present invention relates to a process for preparing a shaped animal feed from sour whey protein.

Valleprotein (d.v.s. proteinindholdet udvundet fra valle hidrørende fra mælk) er blevet opnået med forskellige funktionelle egenskaber ved separation fra sur oste- og kaseinvalle efterfulgt af spraytørring eller anden form for tørring. Separationsmetoder, der har været benyttet, 0 indbefatter direkte syrefældning af koncentrerede valleopløsninger ved q forøgede temperaturer, fældning af sure valletyper som metalproteinkom- ” plekser, f.eks. ferri-valleprecipitat ved pH 2,5, og fældning af prote- £ inet ved tilsætning af et salt, f.eks. ammoniumsulfat, ved pH ^,0. Ud- ^ vindingen af valleproteiner ved hjælp af ultrafiltrering af sure valle- 3 2 147137 typer er også blevet beskrevet.Whey protein (i.e., the protein content extracted from whey derived from milk) has been obtained with various functional properties of separation from acidic cheese and casein whey followed by spray drying or other form of drying. Separation methods that have been used include direct acid precipitation of concentrated whey solutions at elevated temperatures, precipitation of acidic whey types as metal protein complexes, e.g. ferric whey precipitate at pH 2.5, and precipitation of the protein by addition of a salt, e.g. ammonium sulfate, at pH ^, 0. The extraction of whey proteins by ultrafiltration of acidic whey types has also been described.

Det sure valleprotein opnået ved hjælp af disse procedurer kan koaguleres ved hjælp af varme, men giver sædvanligvis et hårdt, skørt produkt af relativt lav værdi som bindemiddel i f.eks. fødemidler. Selv om der tidligere har været angivet metoder, ved hvilke funktionelle valleproteiner kan opnås udfra valle (generelt betragtet som et spild-produkt), har det opnåede valleprotein således opnået begrænsede anvendelser og en begrænset betydning.The acidic whey protein obtained by these procedures can be coagulated by heat, but usually provides a hard, brittle product of relatively low value as a binder in e.g. foods. Thus, although methods have previously been disclosed in which functional whey proteins can be obtained from whey (generally considered a waste product), the whey protein obtained has thus obtained limited uses and a limited importance.

Valle er en fortyndet opløsning af lactose og valleprotein, og en række forskellige fremgangsmåder er beskrevet i litteraturen til fraskil-lelse af lactosen og til udvinding af valleproteinet. Langt den mest almindelige fremgangsmåde beror imidlertid på udfældning af valleproteinet under sure betingelser (med eller uden et kompleksdannende metal) efterfulgt af fraskillelse af det udfældede protein fra det vandige medium, som indeholder det meste af lactosen. Der findes andre metoder, ved hjælp af hvilke valleprotein også udvindes i den uopløselige, sure tilstand, f.eks. efter frafiltrering af lactose, som er udkrystalliseret ved inddampning af vallen, men udfældningsteknikken er den almindeligt benyttede. Det ved hjælp af disse metoder udvundne valleprotein kan betegnes som "surt valleprotein", og det er et materiale af meget ringe værdi. Det udviser ingen funktionel effektivitet til dannelse af gelstrukturer efter koagulation i nærværelse af vand, men resulterer kun i et relativt hårdt, skørt produkt som ovenfor anført.Whey is a dilute solution of lactose and whey protein, and a variety of methods are described in the literature for separating the lactose and for recovering the whey protein. However, by far the most common method is due to precipitation of the whey protein under acidic conditions (with or without a complexing metal), followed by separation of the precipitated protein from the aqueous medium containing most of the lactose. There are other methods by which whey protein is also recovered in the insoluble acidic state, e.g. after filtration of lactose, which is crystallized by evaporation of the whey, but the precipitation technique is the one commonly used. The whey protein obtained by these methods can be termed "acidic whey protein" and it is a material of very little value. It shows no functional efficiency for forming gel structures after coagulation in the presence of water, but only results in a relatively hard, brittle product as stated above.

Det har nu vist sig, ai^ hvis dette konventionelle sure valleprotein neutraliseres til en pH-værdi fra 6-9 før koagulation i et vandigt medium, kan der dannes en kraftigt s ammenhængende gel, således at dette billige og let tilgængelige materiale for første gang kan anvendes som et effektivt gelbindemiddel i formgivne foderprodukter. I kraft af omkostningerne til konventionelle bindemidler og den store mængde til rådighed stående valle, der ofte betragtes som et spildprodukt, har denne mulighed for valleproteinets anvendelse fået særlig betydning.It has now been found that if this conventional acidic whey protein is neutralized to a pH of 6-9 prior to coagulation in an aqueous medium, a vigorous breastfeeding gel may be formed so that this inexpensive and readily available material for the first time can be used as an effective gel binder in shaped feed products. Due to the cost of conventional binders and the large amount of available whey, which is often regarded as a waste product, this possibility for the use of the whey protein has become particularly important.

I overensstemmelse hermed angår den foreliggende opfindelse en fremgangsmåde som indledningsvis anført, der er ejendommelig ved, at udvundet, surt valleprotein i et vandigt medium neutraliseres til en pH-værdi fra 6 til 9 og i nærværelse af udvalgte andre fortærbare materialer, såsom fedt, kød, korn, fortykkelsesmiddel, aromastof, farvestof eller nærende 3 147137 tilsætningsstoffer, koaguleres ved hjælp af opvarmning til dannelse af en sammenhængende valleproteingel, der omslutter de øvrige fortærbare materialer.Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method as initially stated, characterized by neutralizing recovered sour whey protein in an aqueous medium to a pH of 6 to 9 and in the presence of selected other digestible materials such as fat, meat , cereals, thickeners, flavorings, dyes or nutritious additives, are coagulated by heating to form a coherent whey protein gel enclosing the other consumable materials.

Forskellige alkaliske materialer kan benyttes til neutraliseringen af surt valleprotein. Alkalimetalhydroxider, såsom natrium- eller kalium= hydroxid, er hensigtsmæssige, men andre hydroxider, såsom calciumhydroxid, eller salte fra alkalisk omsætning, såsom natrium- eller kali= umcarbonater, natriumtripolyphosphat eller trikaliumorthophosphat, kan også benyttes. I tilfælde af at neutraliseringen udføres på produktets sammensætningstrin, kan anvendelsen af carbonater medfører luftning af produktet og resultere i et produkt, der har en struktur, som minder om strukturen af en kødgratin.Various alkaline materials can be used to neutralize acidic whey protein. Alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide are appropriate, but other hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide or alkaline reaction salts such as sodium or potassium carbonates, sodium tripolyphosphate or tricalium orthophosphate may also be used. In case the neutralization is carried out at the composition stage of the product, the use of carbonates may cause aeration of the product and result in a product having a structure similar to the structure of a meat gratin.

Ved den simpleste udførelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen neutraliseres en vandig opløsning eller dispersion af valleprotein til at ligge i det anførte pH-interval og varmekoaguleres derefter til en fast, sammenhængende masse, som ved aromatisering kan benyttes som et dyrefoder <In the simplest embodiment of the process of the invention, an aqueous solution or dispersion of whey protein is neutralized to the pH range indicated and then heat coagulated to a solid coherent mass which can be used as an animal feed by aromatization.

Hvis valleproteinopløsningen eller -dispersionen er tilstrækkelig viskos, enten i kraft af en høj koncentration af valleprotein eller som følge af tilsætning af fortykkelsesmidler, såsom guargummi, til dispersionen, hvortil der også kan sættes fedtstoffer, farvende materiale og andre additiver indbefattet nærende supplementstoffer, kan dispersionen let blancheres i kogende vand (f.eks. efter ekstrusion) til dannelse af faste, sammenhængende stykker, der minder om indmad, såsom nyre, og som derefter kan benyttes i foderprodukter på dåse. Valleprotein-dispersionen har ved pH 6-9 gode fedtemulgeringsegenskaber, så at væsentlige fedtmængder, der er nærende, men relativt billige, kan inkorporeres i produktet uden at give dette en uacceptabel fedtet karakter.If the whey protein solution or dispersion is sufficiently viscous, either by virtue of a high concentration of whey protein or by the addition of thickening agents, such as guar gum, to the dispersion, to which may also be added fats, coloring matter and other additives including nutritious supplements, the dispersion may are easily blanched in boiling water (for example, after extrusion) to form solid, cohesive pieces resembling intestines, such as kidney, which can then be used in canned feed products. The whey protein dispersion has good fat emulsification properties at pH 6-9, so that significant amounts of fat that are nutritious but relatively inexpensive can be incorporated into the product without giving it an unacceptable fatty character.

147137 4147137 4

Det neutraliserede valleprotein kan også fordelagtigt benyttes i blanding med vegetabilske proteiner, såsom hvedegluten, bomuldsfrøprotein og især sojaproteinmelarter, -koncentrater eller -isolater. Disse proteiner alene frembringer ikke faste, sammenhængende stykker ved blanchering i vand, men i en dispersion indeholdende valleprotein ved pHThe neutralized whey protein may also be advantageously used in admixture with vegetable proteins such as wheat gluten, cotton seed protein and especially soy protein flour, concentrate or isolate. These proteins alone do not produce solid, coherent pieces by blanching in water, but in a dispersion containing whey protein at pH

6-9 modificerer de strukturen af stykkerne, idet de frembringer forøget elasticitet og sejhed.6-9 they modify the structure of the pieces to produce increased elasticity and toughness.

I en foretrukken udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen bliver en viskos opløsning omf attende 15-70 vaagt% valleprotein, 0-45% andre fortærbare materialer, såsom fortykkelsesmiddel, fedt, farvende materialer eller nærende tilsætningsstoffer, og 30-85% vand ekstruderet og koaguleret i varmt vand. I tilfælde af at andre materialer med for-tykkende egenskab eller egenskab som bindemiddel er til stede, kan proteinmængden være mindre end 15%.In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, a viscous solution comprising about 15-70% by weight of whey protein, 0-45% of other consumable materials such as thickener, grease, coloring or nourishing additives, and 30-85% of water is extruded and coagulated. hot water. In the presence of other thickening or binder-like materials, the amount of protein may be less than 15%.

I dyrefoderet fremstillet ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan inkorporeres kød, kødbiprodukter eller andet protein af animalsk oprindelse, f.eks. natriumkaseinat, i valleproteinopløsningen eller -dispersionen, eller omvendt kan neutraliseret valleprotein inkorporeres som bindemiddel i et på kød baseret produkt til modificering eller forbedring af strukturen eller aromaen. Når kød eller kødbiprodukter benyttes i blanding med valleprotein, foretrækkes det enten at benytte denatureret kød eller denaturerede proteiner eller kød med lavt jernindhold (f.eks. kyllingekød), eller at tilsætte et chelatdannende middel for jern, såsom trinatriumcitrat eller EDTA, i en mængde svarende til mængden af udenatureret animalsk protein. Som eksempel på anvendelsen af neutraliseret valleprotein i et på kød baseret produkt kan der nævnes pølser, hvori valleprotein kan benyttes til at styrke strukturen og reducere mængden af nødvendigt sammenholdende kød. Mængden af valleprotein, som kan inkorporeres, er begrænset af nødvendigheden af en stor mængde chelatdannende middel, hvis der er meget kød til stede, Kødholdige produkter af denne type fremstilles ifølge opfindelsen fordelagtigt ved at 15-60 vægt% valleprotein koaguleres i blanding med 40-80% kød- eller kødbiprodukter. Sådanne produkter kan indeholde 0-45% tilsat vand, 0-20% af andre fortærbare materialer og 0-7,5% sekvestrerings- 5 147137 middel. Det vil fremgå, at der med udtrykket "kød" ikke alene menes kød fra pattedyr, men også fra andre dyr, såsom fisk, fjerkræ eller krebsdyr. På lignende måde skal der med "kødbiprodukter" ikke alene forstås blod og affald fra pattedyr, men også tilsvarende dele af andre dyr.In the animal feed prepared by the method of the invention, meat, meat by-products or other protein of animal origin can be incorporated, e.g. sodium caseinate, in the whey protein solution or dispersion, or conversely, neutralized whey protein can be incorporated as a binder into a meat-based product for modifying or improving the structure or flavor. When meat or meat by-products are used in admixture with whey protein, it is preferable to either use denatured meat or denatured proteins or low iron meat (e.g. chicken meat), or to add an iron chelating agent such as trisodium citrate or EDTA. equal to the amount of unnatural animal protein. Examples of the use of neutralized whey protein in a meat-based product include sausages in which whey protein can be used to strengthen the structure and reduce the amount of cohesive meat needed. The amount of whey protein which can be incorporated is limited by the necessity of a large amount of chelating agent if a lot of meat is present. 80% meat or meat by-products. Such products may contain 0-45% added water, 0-20% of other consumable materials and 0-7.5% sequestering agent. It will be seen that by the term "meat" is meant not only meat from mammals, but also from other animals, such as fish, poultry or crustaceans. Similarly, "meat by-products" means not only blood and waste from mammals, but also similar parts of other animals.

Hensigtsmæssigt benyttes det ved pH 6-9 koagulerede valleprotein som en proteinmatrix til at binde andre fødemidler sammen i et sammensat foder. Sådanne andre fødemidler kan indbefatte kornsorter, kornprodukter, såsom tvebak og kiks, og nødder. De tilsatte faste fødemidler kan foreligge i form af formalet pulver eller mel eller i form af granula eller småstykker. Fedt, aromastoffer, farvestoffer og andre additiver kan inkorporeres , og produkterne kan fungere som komplette fodere. De kan f.eks. være afpasset til anvendelse som komplette hundefodere i stedet for konventionelle komplette tørfodere til hunde.Conveniently, at pH 6-9, coagulated whey protein is used as a protein matrix to bind other foods together in a compound feed. Such other foods may include cereals, cereals such as baked goods and biscuits, and nuts. The added solid foods may be in the form of ground powder or flour or in the form of granules or small pieces. Fat, flavorings, dyes and other additives can be incorporated and the products can act as complete feeders. For example, they can be adapted for use as complete dog feeders instead of conventional complete dry feeders for dogs.

Det kan også i valleproteinproduktet inkorporeres en mængde af et eller en mængde af mere end et vandopløseligt befugtningsmiddel, hvilken mængde er tilstrækkelig til opretholdelse af et ønsket fugtighedsindhold og en reduceret vandaktivitet i produktet, f.eks. i det tørre eller halvtørre interval fra 5 til 20% fugtighed eller i det halvfugtige område fra f.eks. 20 til ca. 45%. På denne måde kan der opnås produkter med en blødere struktur, hvilke produkter kan lagres uden forfinet emballering uden at blive hårde eller blive udsat for bakteriologisk nedbrydning. Passende befugtningsmidler indbefatter polyvalente alkoholer, sukkere, salte, andre ikke-toxiske vandopløselige forbindelser med lav molekylvægt, polypeptider med lav molekylvægt samt opløste stoffer fra fisk eller blandinger deraf.It may also be incorporated into the whey protein product an amount of one or an amount of more than one water-soluble wetting agent sufficient to maintain a desired moisture content and reduced water activity in the product, e.g. in the dry or semi-dry range from 5 to 20% humidity or in the semi-humid range from e.g. 20 to approx. 45%. In this way, products with a softer structure can be obtained, which products can be stored without refined packaging without being hardened or subjected to bacteriological degradation. Suitable wetting agents include polyhydric alcohols, sugars, salts, other non-toxic low molecular weight water soluble compounds, low molecular weight polypeptides and solutes from fish or mixtures thereof.

Særligt foretrukne produkter af denne art har et fugtighedsindhold i området 5-2C$, nærmere betegnet fra 15 til 20/, og en vandaktivitet i området fra 0,50 til 0,75? nærmere betegnet ca. 0,65· Dette kræver almindeligvis befugtningsmidler i en mængde på 15-20 vægt/ af produk tet. Foretrukne sammensætninger til dette produkt af den halvtørre type indeholder som væsentlige bestanddele 5-50 vægt/ valleprotein, 0-20/ fedt og 5-25/a befugtningsmiddel, med et fugtighedsindhold på 5-20/ og en vandaktivitet på 0,65-0,75· 6 147137Particularly preferred products of this kind have a moisture content in the range of 5-2C $, more specifically from 15 to 20%, and a water activity in the range of 0.50 to 0.75? Specifically, approx. 0.65 · This usually requires wetting agents in an amount of 15-20 wt / of the product. Preferred compositions for this semi-dry type product contain as essential ingredients 5-50 wt / whey protein, 0-20 / fat and 5-25 / a wetting agent, having a moisture content of 5-20 / and a water activity of 0.65-0 , 75 · 6 147137

Det er ligeledes muligt at anvende fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen . til fremstilling af produkter med højere fugtighedsindhold, f.eks. med fugtighedsindhold i intervallet 20-^5$, idet mængden af befugtnings-middel indstilles til opnåelse af en vandaktivitet i produktet, som medfører bakteriologisk stabilitet, især i området 0,75-0,85. Foretrukne sammensætninger for sådanne halvfugtige produkter indeholder .lO-tø vægt$ valleprotein, lO-^fO vægt$ befugtningsmiddel og 0-20$ andet spiseligt materiale, med et fugtighedsindhold og en vandaktivitet i de netop anførte intervaller.It is also possible to use the method according to the invention. for the production of products with higher moisture content, e.g. with a moisture content in the range of 20- $ 5, adjusting the amount of wetting agent to obtain a water activity in the product which results in bacteriological stability, especially in the range of 0.75-0.85. Preferred compositions for such semi-moist products contain 10% weight weight of whey protein, 10% weight weight wetting agent and 0-20% other edible material, with a moisture content and water activity in the ranges just indicated.

De forskellige udførelsesformer for opfindelsen kan kombineres. En valleproteinmatrix kan således indeholde et antal partikelformede eller granulære fødemidler og kan også indeholde en passende mængde befugtningsmiddel til at bibringe produktet en blødere struktur, hvilken struktur opretholdes under lagring ved sædvanlige temperaturer og relative fugtigheder. En særlig foretrukket sammensætning for et sådant produkt indeholder 5~50 vægt$ valleprotein, 0-20$ fedt, 5-60$ fast fødemiddel eller spiseligt materiale, 5-25$ befugtningsmiddel og 5-20$ vand, og produktet har en vandaktivitet på 0,60-0,75·The various embodiments of the invention may be combined. Thus, a whey protein matrix may contain a number of particulate or granular foods and may also contain an appropriate amount of wetting agent to impart a softer structure to the product, which structure is maintained during storage at usual temperatures and relative humidity. A particularly preferred composition for such a product contains 5 ~ 50% by weight of whey protein, 0-20 $ fat, 5-60 $ solid food or edible material, 5-25 $ wetting agent and 5-20 $ water, and the product has a water activity of 0.60 to 0.75 ·

Opfindelsen belyses nærmere i de følgende eksempler.The invention is further illustrated in the following examples.

Eksempel 1Example 1

Dette eksempel angiver et efterlignet animalsk produkt dannet udfra en valleproteindispersion indeholdende et fortykkelsesmiddel.This example discloses a mimicked animal product formed from a whey protein dispersion containing a thickener.

7 1471377 147137

Valleprotein (surt) 30,0 vægt$Whey protein (acidic) 30.0 wt

Vand 53,7 " Tørret blod 1,7 "Water 53.7 "Dried Blood 1.7"

Farvestofopløsning "Dye solution "

Kraftsky 10,0 "Power Cloud 10.0 "

Guargummi 1,0 "Guar gum 1.0 "

Natriumhydroxid 1,2 "Sodium Hydroxide 1.2 "

Bestanddelene blev sammenblandet i en hurtiggående homogenisator, idet natriumhydroxidet først blev opløst i vandet. Blandingen, som havde et pH på 7,5, blev derefter ekstruderet gennem en kødmaskine ind i et varmt vandbad ved 95_100°C. De ekstruderede cylindre blev skåret af i stykker på 3A inch ved kødmaskinepladen, blancheret i det varme vand i 3 minutter samt kølet.The ingredients were mixed together in a fast-moving homogenizer, the sodium hydroxide being first dissolved in the water. The mixture, which had a pH of 7.5, was then extruded through a meat machine into a hot water bath at 95-100 ° C. The extruded cylinders were cut into 3A inch pieces at the meat machine plate, blanched in the hot water for 3 minutes, and chilled.

Produktet var fast og sammenhængende og havde en jævn indre struktur, der minder meget om strukturen af organkød, såsom nyre. Produktet kan om ønsket føres gennem en skæremaskine til efterligning af udskårne nyrers udseende med en skarp kant.The product was firm and coherent and had a smooth internal structure very similar to the structure of organ meats, such as kidney. If desired, the product can be passed through a cutting machine to mimic the appearance of cut kidneys with a sharp edge.

Produktet var tilstrækkelig sejt til at modstå mekanisk håndtering. Efter sterilisering i dåser i en kødblanding udskilte produktoverfladen let en baggrund af kødsaft og kødmousse på lignende måde som overfladen af ægte nyre.The product was sufficiently tough to withstand mechanical handling. After sterilization in cans in a meat mixture, the product surface easily separated a background of meat juice and meat mousse in a similar manner to the surface of real kidney.

Eksempel 2Example 2

Eksempel 1 blev gentaget under anvendelse af 8,¾¾ frisk blod og 1,05¾ trinatriumcitrat i stedet for det tørrede blod. Vandmængden blev tilsvarende indstillet på ^6,15¾.Example 1 was repeated using 8, ¾¾ fresh blood and 1.05¾ trisodium citrate instead of the dried blood. The volume of water was similarly set to ^ 6.15¾.

Det opnåede produkt svarede til produktet ifølge eksempel 1.The product obtained corresponded to the product of Example 1.

Eksempel 3Example 3

Eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den undtagelse, at der i stedet for natriumhydroxid blev tilsat kaliumcarbonat indtil opnåelse af et pH på 8,0.Example 1 was repeated except that potassium carbonate was added in place of sodium hydroxide until a pH of 8.0.

147137 δ147137 δ

Det resulterende produkt havde en luftet struktur svarende til strukturen af kødgratin.The resulting product had an aerated structure similar to the structure of meat gratin.

Eksempel bExample b

Dette eksempel demonstrerer anvendelsen af vegetabilsk protein i sammenligning med valleprotein.This example demonstrates the use of vegetable protein in comparison with whey protein.

Eksempel 1 blev gentaget under anvendelse af 20$ valleprotein og 10$ sojaproteinkoncentrat i stedet for de 30$ valleprotein i det oprindelige eksempel.Example 1 was repeated using 20 $ whey protein and 10 $ soy protein concentrate instead of the 30 $ whey protein in the original example.

Det opnåede produkt forelå i form af en meget sej klump med en tæt, lungelignende struktur.The product obtained was in the form of a very cool lump with a dense, lung-like structure.

Eksempel 5.Example 5

Dette eksempel demonstrerer anvendelsen af valleprotein med henblik på at binde kød i et pølselignende produkt.This example demonstrates the use of whey protein to bind meat in a sausage-like product.

Valleprotein (surt) 25,3 vægt$Whey protein (acidic) 25.3 wt

Fraskåret kød 23,7 "Cut meat 23.7 "

Kallun 11,9 " Tæer 15,^ "Kallun 11.9 "toes 15,"

Blod " 15,2 "Blood "15.2"

Salt 2,3 "Salt 2.3 "

Trinatriumcitrat ' 5,0 "Trisodium citrate 5.0 "

Natriumhydroxid 1,2 "Sodium Hydroxide 1.2 "

Natriumhydroxidet og trinatriumcitratet blev opløst i blodet og øjeblikkelig blandet med kødbestanddelene, som forinden var blevet godt udblødt. Blandingen, som havde et pH på 7,5, blev ekstruderet gennem en kødmaskineplade og blancheret som anført i eksempel 1. Produktet bestod af faste, adskilte stykker svarende til kødkugler, der er fremstillet på en lignende måde, men har dyrt, sammenbindende kød erstattet med valleprotein. Produktets slut-pH var ca- 6,6, 9 147137The sodium hydroxide and trisodium citrate were dissolved in the blood and immediately mixed with the meat ingredients which had previously been well soaked. The mixture, which had a pH of 7.5, was extruded through a meat machine plate and blanched as set forth in Example 1. The product consisted of solid, separated pieces similar to meat balls prepared in a similar manner but having expensive, interconnecting meat. with whey protein. The final pH of the product was about 6.6, 9.17137

Eksempel 6Example 6

Dette eksempel demonstrerer anvendelsen af valleprotein, som er neutraliseret før tørring.This example demonstrates the use of whey protein which is neutralized before drying.

Til 3 liter ostevalle sattes en tilstrækkelig mængde saltsyre til nedsættelse af opløsningens pH til 0. Opløsningen blev derpå opvarmet til kogning, og 5 ml 30^ calciumchlorid blev tildryppet under omrøring. Efter 15 minutter blev blandingen kølet til stuetemperatur og centrifugeret med 5000 omdrejninger pr. minut i 10 minutter til opsamling af precipitatet. Efter vaskning to gange med fortyndet saltsyre blev det bundfældede materiale omfattende valleproteinet neutraliseret til pHTo 3 liters of cheese whey was added a sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH of the solution to 0. The solution was then heated to boiling and 5 ml of 30 µl of calcium chloride was added dropwise with stirring. After 15 minutes, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 5000 rpm. for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate. After washing twice with dilute hydrochloric acid, the precipitated material comprising the whey protein was neutralized to pH

7,0 med natriumhydroxidopløsning og tørret ved 60°C i en ovn.7.0 with sodium hydroxide solution and dried at 60 ° C in an oven.

Den resulterende sammensætning bestod af:The resulting composition consisted of:

Neutraliseret valleprotein 30,0 vægtNeutralized whey protein 30.0 wt

Vand 6*f,9 " Tørret blod 1,7 "Water 6 * f, 9 "Dried Blood 1.7"

Farvestof opløsning 2,*+ "Dye solution 2, * + "

Guargummi 1,0 "Guar gum 1.0 "

Blandingen blev varmekoaguleret som beskrevet i eksempel 1 og resulterede i sammenhængende, faste stykker. I modsætning hertil skilte valleprotein ud og tørrede uden neutralisering og resulterede ikke i stykker, når det blev benyttet i samme sammensætning og ved samme proces, idet det blot skiller ud som et skum.The mixture was heat coagulated as described in Example 1 and resulted in continuous solid pieces. In contrast, whey protein secreted and dried without neutralization and did not result when used in the same composition and in the same process, simply excreting as a foam.

De to efterfølgende eksempler beskriver fremstilling af komplette foderprodukter indeholdende befugtningsmidler og antimykotika og er egnede til lagring under omgivelsernes betingelser uden strukturforringelse.The two following examples describe the preparation of complete feed products containing wetting agents and antimycotics and are suitable for storage under ambient conditions without structural deterioration.

10 14713710 147137

Eksempel 7 Tøiblanding:Example 7 Thaw Mix:

Valleprotein 12,6 vægt$Whey protein 12.6 wt

Natriumkaseinat 12,6 "Sodium caseinate 12.6 "

Tvebak A-,1 "Twin tray A-, 1 "

Kraftsky 5,0 "Power Cloud 5.0 "

Vitaminblanding *+,6 "Vitamin mixture * +, 6 "

Cholinchloridopløsning 0,2 "Choline chloride solution 0.2 "

Glycerol 5j0 "Glycerol 5j0 "

Sucrose 13,5 "Sucrose 13.5 "

Salt 1,5 "Salt 1.5 "

Kaliumsorbat 0,3 "Potassium sorbate 0.3 "

Farvestofopløsning 0,6 " Vådblanding: Tørblanding 78,03 vægt$Dye solution 0.6 "Wet mix: Dry mix 78.03 wt

Vand 21, A "Water 21, A "

Natriumhydroxidopløsning 0,83 " (25 vægt/vægtprocent)Sodium Hydroxide Solution 0.83 "(25% w / w)

De tørre bestanddele blev vejet i en skålblander udstyret med en omrører, og kraftskyen (ved 60°C), farvestofopløsning samt glycerol, vand og natriumhydroxidopløsning blev tilsat under blanding.The dry ingredients were weighed in a bowl mixer equipped with a stirrer and the power cloud (at 60 ° C), dye solution as well as glycerol, water and sodium hydroxide solution were added with mixing.

Vådblandingen, som havde et pH på 6,5, blev fordelt i et 3A inch lag på smurte bakker, overfladen blev børstet med fedt, og blandingen blev bagt ved 190°C i 21 minutter i en luftcirkulerende ovn.The wet mixture, which had a pH of 6.5, was distributed in a 3A inch layer on greased trays, the surface was brushed with grease and the mixture was baked at 190 ° C for 21 minutes in an air circulating oven.

Slutproduktet blev skåret i 3A inch store stykker og emballeret. Produktet havde et fugtighedsindhold på 15,¾¾ og en vandaktivitet (Aw) på 0,70.The final product was cut into 3A inch pieces and packaged. The product had a moisture content of 15, ¾¾ and a water activity (Aw) of 0.70.

11 14713711 147137

Ved et hundefodringsforsøg viste produktet sig at have en meget højere acceptgrad end et traditionelt tørt komplet hundefoder, der havde en på korn baseret struktur.In a dog feeding trial, the product was found to have a much higher acceptance rate than a traditional dry complete dog feed that had a grain-based structure.

Produktet havde en sammenhængende struktur, hvorimod et lignende produkt fremstillet uden neutralisering1· af valleproteinet ikke alene havde en hård, skør struktur, men en sur, ubehagelig smag.The product had a coherent structure, whereas a similar product made without neutralization1 of the whey protein not only had a hard, brittle structure but an acidic, unpleasant taste.

Efter lagring 1 måned ved omgivelsernes temperatur i det relative fug-tighedsinterval fra 55 til 80$ viste produktet sig at være bakteriologisk stabilt og havde bevaret sin faste, sammenhængende struktur.After storage for 1 month at ambient temperature in the relative humidity range from 55 to 80 $, the product was found to be bacteriologically stable and retained its solid, cohesive structure.

Eksempel 8 Tørblanding:Example 8 Dry mixture:

Valleprotein 13,0 vægt$Whey protein 13.0 weight $

Natriumkaseinat 13,0 "Sodium caseinate 13.0 "

Jordnøddeolie 5,0 "Peanut Oil 5.0 "

Ristede nordnødder *f5,0 "Roasted North Nuts * f5.0 "

Vitaminblanding M-, 6 "Vitamin mixture M-, 6 "

Cholinchloridopløsning 0,2 "Choline chloride solution 0.2 "

Glycerol 5,0 "Glycerol 5.0 "

Sucrose 13,5 "Sucrose 13.5 "

Kaliumsorbat 0,1 "Potassium sorbate 0.1 "

Farvestofopløsning 0,6 " Vådblanding: Tørblanding 78,03 vægt$Dye solution 0.6 "Wet mix: Dry mix 78.03 wt

Vand 21,1¼ "Water 21.1¼ "

Natriumhydroxidopløsning 0,83 " (25 vægt/vægtprocent)Sodium Hydroxide Solution 0.83 "(25% w / w)

Produktet blev fremstillet som beskrevet i eksempel 7 (blandingen havde et pH på 6,8), havde en fast, sammenhængende struktur og kunne let skæres i stykker af passende størrelse. Produktets slut-pH var 6,0.The product was prepared as described in Example 7 (the mixture had a pH of 6.8), had a solid, cohesive structure and could be easily cut into pieces of appropriate size. The final pH of the product was 6.0.

DK78975A 1974-02-27 1975-02-27 PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING AN ANIMAL FEED CONTAINING A CONTINUOUS GEL FROM ACID WHEAT PROTEIN DK147137C (en)

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GB8935/74A GB1494502A (en) 1974-02-27 1974-02-27 Protein product
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DK (1) DK147137C (en)
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CH597769A5 (en) * 1975-02-12 1978-04-14 Nestle Sa
FR2333448A1 (en) 1975-12-05 1977-07-01 Bel Fromageries PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS FROM AQUEOUS CASEIN SUSPENSIONS, WITH TEXTURING AND STABILIZATION OF MILK PROTEINS, AND NEW PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED
AU6975081A (en) * 1980-06-04 1981-12-10 Stauffer Chemical Company Shellfish and whey protein product
CH662707A5 (en) * 1985-03-19 1987-10-30 Nestle Sa PREPARATION OF GELIFIED FOOD PRODUCTS.
GB201713155D0 (en) * 2017-08-16 2017-09-27 Mars Inc Pet food product
JP2023500579A (en) 2019-10-17 2023-01-10 アーラ フーズ エーエムビーエー Dairy-based products, food products, methods of manufacture and uses thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE817547C (en) * 1949-01-23 1951-10-18 Max Erich Dr-Ing Schulz Process for the production of edible protein from whey

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IE40667B1 (en) 1979-07-18
CA1063863A (en) 1979-10-09
DK147137C (en) 1984-10-08
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AT347217B (en) 1978-12-11
DE2508196C2 (en) 1984-09-27
GB1494502A (en) 1977-12-07
FR2261712A1 (en) 1975-09-19
IT1033140B (en) 1979-07-10
AU7860775A (en) 1976-08-26
DE2508196A1 (en) 1975-08-28
BE825709A (en) 1975-06-16
DK78975A (en) 1975-11-03
NL7502356A (en) 1975-08-29
IE40667L (en) 1975-08-27
NL182933B (en) 1988-01-18
CH621924A5 (en) 1981-03-13

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