DK144660B - WASTE MATERIALS FOR Wear layers of heat processing tools - Google Patents
WASTE MATERIALS FOR Wear layers of heat processing tools Download PDFInfo
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- DK144660B DK144660B DK313476AA DK313476A DK144660B DK 144660 B DK144660 B DK 144660B DK 313476A A DK313476A A DK 313476AA DK 313476 A DK313476 A DK 313476A DK 144660 B DK144660 B DK 144660B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/3093—Fe as the principal constituent with other elements as next major constituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
Description
(19) DANMARK (^)(19) DENMARK (^)
®§f (12) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT mi 144660 B®§f (12) PUBLICATION MANUAL mi 144660 B
DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETDIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM
(21) Ansøgning nr. 313V76 (51) Int.CI.3 C 22 C 38/26 (22) Indleveringsdag 9* jul. 1976 B 23 K 35/30 (24) Løbedag 9· jul. 1976 (41) Aim. tilgængelig 11. jan. 1977 (44) Fremlagt 3 · maj 1982 (86) International ansøgning nr. -(86) International indleveringsdag (85) Videreførelsesdag -(62) Stamansøgning nr. -(21) Application No. 313V76 (51) Int.CI.3 C 22 C 38/26 (22) Filing Day 9 * Jul. 1976 B 23 K 35/30 (24) Race day 9 · Jul. 1976 (41) Aim. available Jan 11 1977 (44) Submitted May 3, 1982 (86) International Application No. - (86) International Filing Day (85) Continuation Day - (62) Stock Application No. -
(30) Prioritet 10. jul. 1975* 7507899, SE(30) Priority 10 Jul. 1975 * 7507899, SE
(71) Ansøger ES AB AKTIEBOLAG, Goeteborg, SE.(71) Applicant ES AB AKTIEBOLAG, Goeteborg, SE.
(72) Opfinder Frederick Nicholson, SE.(72) Inventor Frederick Nicholson, SE.
(74) Fuldmægtig Ingeniørfirmaet Budde, Schou & Co.(74) Associate Engineering Company Budde, Schou & Co.
(54) Påsvejsningsmateriale til slidlag på varmbearbejdningsværktøjer.(54) Welding material for wear layers on hot working tools.
Opfindelsen angår et påsvejsningsmateriale, der anvendes til slidlag på varmbearbejdningsværktøjer, hvilket materiale består af en stållegering, som udover jern, carbon, silicium, mangan og chrom indeholder mindst én stærk carbiddanner.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a welding material used for wear layers of hot working tools, which material consists of a steel alloy which contains at least one strong carbide former in addition to iron, carbon, silicon, manganese and chromium.
Det er kendt at belægge sådanne værktøjer, især arbejds-® valser i varmvalseværker, med et lag af en slidfast legering ved 2 hjælp af lysbuesvejsning. I den efterfølgende opstilling anføres CO der nogle af sådanne kendte legeringer, der er foreslået som på- ^j· ^ svejsningsmateriale til valser i varmvalseværker.It is known to coat such tools, especially working ® rollers in hot rolling mills, with a layer of an abrasion resistant alloy by means of arc welding. In the following set-up, CO lists some of such known alloys which have been proposed as on-weld material for rolls in hot rolling mills.
t— s 2 144660t— s 2 144660
Eksempel nr. 1234 C, % 0,22 1,10 0,05 0,08Example No. 1234 C,% 0.22 1.10 0.05 0.08
Si, % 1,0 1,25 0,30 0,55Si,% 1.0 1.25 0.30 0.55
Mn, % 0,5 1,10 1,50 1,30Mn,% 0.5 1.10 1.50 1.30
Cr, % 5,0 7,70 4,80 2,5Cr,% 5.0 7.70 4.80 2.5
Mo, % 1,1 1,00 0,63 1,0 V, % Q,3 W, % - 1,60Mo,% 1.1 1.00 0.63 1.0 V,% Q, 3 W,% - 1.60
Fe, % rest rest rest rest Påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge eksempel 2 har den bedste slidstyrke, men også en stærk tilbøjelighed til dannelse af varme-revner (strækningsrevner) og kan derfor kun anvendes der, hvor tilstedeværelsen af revner er uden betydning, f.eks. ved valser rulleborde eller andre valser, der kun er udsat for ringe arbejds-tryk. Påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge eksemplerne 1, 3 og 4 og lignende legeringer har en ringere tilbøjelighed til dannelse af varme-revner. Et sådant svejsegods anvendes som slidbelægning ved valser i varmvalseværker. Slidstyrken er imidlertid ikke tilstrækkelig til at gøre omkostningerne ved reparation af valserne ved påsvejsning af et nyt slidlag økonomisk acceptable.Fe,% residual residual residual The welding material of Example 2 has the best abrasion resistance, but also a strong tendency to form heat cracks (stretching cracks) and can therefore only be used where the presence of cracks is irrelevant, e.g. by rollers roller tables or other rollers that are only subject to low working pressure. The welding material of Examples 1, 3 and 4 and similar alloys has a lower tendency to form heat cracks. Such welding material is used as abrasive coating on rollers in hot rolling mills. However, the wear resistance is not sufficient to make the cost of repairing the rollers of welding a new wear layer economically acceptable.
Det er opfindelsens formål at tilvejebringe et påsvejsnings-materiale, der kan anvendes som slidlag på varmbearbejdningsværktøjer, idet slidlaget i ugunstigste tilfælde kun udviser en ringe tilbøjelighed til revnedannelse og forener en tilstrækkelig hårdhed med en høj slidstyrke. Under varmbearbejdningsværktøjer hører f.eks. værktøjer til sænksmedning, presseværktøjer, mundstykker til strengpresning, sprøjtestøbningsforme, lokkedorne til lokkevalsning, dorne til varmtrækning af rør og valser til varmvalseværker.It is the object of the invention to provide a welding material which can be used as a wear layer on hot working tools, the wear layer showing, in the most unfavorable case, only a slight tendency to crack and combine a sufficient hardness with a high wear resistance. Under hot working tools, for example. tools for lowering, pressing tools, nozzles for string pressing, injection molding molds, lures for lure rolling, pipes for hot drawing pipes and rollers for hot rolling mills.
Opfindelsens formål opfyldes med et påsvejsningsmateriale til slidlag på varmbearbejdningsværktøjer, hvilket materiale består af en stållegering, som udover jern, carbon, silicium, mangan og chrom indeholder mindst §n stærk carbiddanner, og er ejendommeligt ved, at det består af 144660 3 C 0/55 - 2,0%The object of the invention is met with a welding material for wear layers on hot working tools, which material consists of a steel alloy which, in addition to iron, carbon, silicon, manganese and chromium, contains at least one strong carbide former and is peculiar in that it consists of 144660 3 C 0 / 55 - 2.0%
Si 0,2 - 4,0% Μη 0,2-3,0%Si 0.2 - 4.0% Μη 0.2-3.0%
Cr 4,0 - 6,5%Cr 4.0 - 6.5%
Nb 2,5 -15,0% W, Mo, V, Ti, i alt 0 - 3,5%Nb 2.5 -15.0% W, Mo, V, Ti, total 0 - 3.5%
Ni 0 - 0,5%Ni 0 - 0.5%
Fe rest med eller uden de sædvanlige urenheder, og at niobium og carbon optræder i et forhold til hinanden, der er angivet ved det skraverede område i fig. 1 på den vedføjede tegning.Fe residue with or without the usual impurities, and that niobium and carbon occur in relation to each other indicated by the shaded area of FIG. 1 of the attached drawing.
Da metallisk niobium og ferroniobium som handelsvare altid indeholder tantal som forurening, vil påsvejsningsmaterialet sædvanligvis også indeholde noget tantal.As metallic niobium and ferroniobium as a commodity always contain tantalum as contamination, the welding material will usually also contain some tantalum.
Ifølge en foretrukken udførelsesform for opfindelsen indeholder påsvejsningsmaterialet 0,6 - 1,5% Mo.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the welding material contains 0.6 - 1.5% Mo.
Påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen kan påføres ved en hvilken som helst egnet svejsemetode, heruden elektroslaggesvejsning. Påsvejsningsmaterialet påføres dog fortrinsvis ved lysbuesvejsning, idet tilsatsmaterialet tilføres i form af en smeltelig elektrode, der enten kan være en blanktråd (pulversvejsning og beskyttelsesgassvejsning) eller en beklædt elektrode (håndsvejsning). Blanktrådselektroderne, der anvendes ved pulversvejsning og beskyttelsesgassvejsning, består fortrinsvis af et hylster af ulegeret stål, der er fyldt med legeringselementer, der sammen med stålhylsteret giver den ønskede sammensætning af påsvejsningsmaterialet. Fyldningen i en sådan elektrode til beskyttelsesgassvejsning kan yderligere indeholde flusmidler, der dækker den metalliske smelte og ved siden af gasbeskyttelsen danner en yderligere beskyttelse mod luftens adgang.The welding material according to the invention can be applied by any suitable welding method, in addition electroslag welding. However, the welding material is preferably applied by arc welding, the additive material being supplied in the form of a fusible electrode which can be either a blank (powder welding and protective gas welding) or a coated electrode (hand welding). The blank wire electrodes used in powder welding and protective gas welding preferably consist of an alloy steel casing filled with alloy elements which together with the steel casing provide the desired composition of the welding material. The filling of such a protective gas welding electrode may further contain fluxing agents which cover the metallic melt and, in addition to the gas protection, provide additional protection against air entry.
En beklædt elektrode, der er egnet til dannelse af det nævnte påsve jsningsmateriale, har en kernetråd af ulegeret stål, og den fortrinsvis kalkbasiske beklædning indeholder de nødvendige legeringsbestanddele som tilsætninger.A coated electrode suitable for forming said welding material has a non-alloy steel core wire, and the preferably lime-based cladding contains the necessary alloy constituents as additives.
Hvis påsvejsningsmaterialet påføres ved pulversvejsning, er det anbefalelsesværdigt at anvende et neutralt eller basisk svejsepulver. Svejsepulveret skal desuden danne en slagge, der er let at fjerne.If the welding material is applied by powder welding, it is recommended to use a neutral or basic welding powder. In addition, the welding powder should form an easily removable slag.
Påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen har trods det relativt høje carbonindhold næsten ingen tilbøjelighed til dannelse af varmrevner. Denne fremragende egenskab kan tilskrives virkningen 4 14-4660 af niobiumindholdet, der ifølge opfindelsen er tilpasset svarende til carbonindholdet. Undersøgelser har vist, at niobium danner legeringen niobiumcarbid med en væsentlig del af carbonet. Dette car-bid begynder at dannes ved størkningsprocessens begyndelse og forhindrer dermed den sejring af den carbonrige smelte, der forårsager dannelsen af varmerevner.Despite the relatively high carbon content, the welding material of the invention has almost no tendency to form hot cracks. This excellent property can be attributed to the effect 4 14-4660 of the niobium content, which according to the invention is adapted to the carbon content. Studies have shown that niobium forms the alloy niobium carbide with a substantial portion of the carbon. This carbide begins to form at the beginning of the solidification process and thus prevents the victory of the carbon-rich melt that causes the formation of heat cracks.
Påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen har en styrke og sejhed, der er passende til de hårde belastninger, som overfladen af et varmbearbejdningsværktøj udsættes for. Derudover har påsvejs-ningsmaterialet en fremragende bestandighed mod slid, især den nedslidning, der fremkaldes af et varmt emne mod varmbearbejdningsværktøjets overflade. Den forøgede slidbestandighed af påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen beror formentlig hovedsageligt på, at der er væsentlige mængder niobiumcarbid til stede i metallet.The welding material according to the invention has a strength and toughness which is suitable for the heavy loads to which the surface of a hot working tool is exposed. In addition, the welding material has excellent abrasion resistance, especially the wear caused by a hot blank against the surface of the hot working tool. The increased wear resistance of the welding material according to the invention is probably due mainly to the substantial amounts of niobium carbide present in the metal.
Påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen er også særdeles bestandigt mod termisk udmattelse. Den termiske udmattelse er kendetegnet ved en stadig forøgelse af længde og dybde af ganske små revner i varmbearbejdningsværktøjets overflade og kan angives ved en grafisk afbildning af revnelængden som funktion af antallet af på-Syejsningsmaterialets termiske belastningscykler. Ved påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen er revnernes væksthastighed meget lille, og påsvejsningsmaterialets levetid bestemmes derfor hovedsageligt af nedslidningen.The welding material according to the invention is also highly resistant to thermal fatigue. The thermal fatigue is characterized by a continuous increase in the length and depth of very small cracks in the surface of the hot working tool and can be indicated by a graphical representation of the crack length as a function of the number of on-loading material thermal load cycles. In the welding material according to the invention, the growth rate of the cracks is very small and therefore the life of the welding material is mainly determined by the wear.
Chromindholdet i påsvejsningsmaterialet er af betydning for forbedringen af stålets varmstyrke - der er udslagsgivende for den termiske udmattelse - og for stålets oxidationsbestandighed. Chromet opfylder en anden vigtig opgave, idet det tilvejebringer forudsætningen for den metallurgiske omdannelse, der er nødvendig for opnåelsen af den ønskede struktur af påsvejsningsmaterialets metal-matrix.The chromium content of the welding material is important for the improvement of the steel's thermal strength - which is decisive for the thermal fatigue - and for the steel's oxidation resistance. The chromium fulfills another important task, providing the prerequisite for the metallurgical transformation necessary for obtaining the desired structure of the metal matrix of the welding material.
Ved påsvejsning af legerede, lufthærdende stålsorter, til hvilke også påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen hører, er det kendt at forvarme emnet, der skal forsynes med en påsvejsning, til en temperatur, der ligger over Ms-temperaturen, under hvilken martensit-dannelsen begynder i svejsemetallet, og at holde emnet inden for et temperaturområde, i hvilket austenitstrukturen forbliver uændret eller under svejsearbejdet kun undergår en ringe omdannelse.In welding alloy air-curing steels to which also the welding material of the invention belongs, it is known to preheat the workpiece to be welded to a temperature above the Ms temperature below which the martensite formation begins in the weld metal. and keeping the workpiece within a temperature range in which the austenite structure remains unchanged or during welding operations undergoes only a slight transformation.
Forvarmningstemperaturen er fortrinsvis 400 - 500°C. Disse retningslinier for gennemførelsen af svejsearbejdet gælder også for påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen. På grund af den forholds- 5 U4660 vis høje forvarmningstemperatur vil det første svejselag bestå af en blanding af det tilførte materiale og det opsmeltede grundmateriale. Normalt er det nødvendigt at påføre mindst to, fortrinsvis dog tre svejselag over hinanden for at sikre, at det øverste lag i det væsentlige kun indeholder materiale, der hidrører fra elektroden. Det er imidlertid også muligt under anvendelse af særlige metoder at hindre sammenblandingen af det første lag af tilført svejsemateriale med grundmaterialet i så vidt omfang, at det første lag i det væsentlige har den ønskede sammensætning.The preheating temperature is preferably 400-500 ° C. These guidelines for carrying out the welding work also apply to the welding material according to the invention. Due to the relatively high preheating temperature, the first welding layer will consist of a mixture of the feed material and the molten base material. Normally, it is necessary to apply at least two, preferably however three welding layers over each other, to ensure that the upper layer contains substantially only material derived from the electrode. However, it is also possible, using special methods, to prevent the mixing of the first layer of welded material with the base material to the extent that the first layer has substantially the desired composition.
Det almene område for sammensætningen af svejsematerialet ifølge opfindelsen kan opdeles svarende til carbonindholdet, og der fås tre grupper af legeringer med forskellig metallurgisk struktur.The general range of composition of the welding material according to the invention can be divided according to the carbon content, and three groups of alloys with different metallurgical structure are obtained.
Gruppe Carbonindhold i % Struktur af matrix 1 0,55-0,8 martensitisk/bainitisk 2 0,8-1,2 overvejende martensitisk 3 1,2-2,0 ferritiskGroup Carbon content in% Structure of matrix 1 0.55-0.8 martensitic / bainitic 2 0.8-1.2 predominantly martensitic 3 1.2-2.0 ferritic
Hver af de tre grupper beskrives nærmere ved et særligt eksempel.Each of the three groups is described in more detail by a specific example.
På den vedføjede tegning viser fig. 1 området for indholdet af niobium og carbon i påsvejsningsmaterialet ifølge opfindelsen, og fig. 2-4 viser anløbningsdiagrammer for de påsvejsningsmaterialer, der er omtalt i eksempel 1-3 (jf. nedenfor).In the accompanying drawing, FIG. 1 shows the range of the content of niobium and carbon in the welding material according to the invention, and FIG. Figures 2-4 show inlet diagrams for the welding materials discussed in Examples 1-3 (cf. below).
Eksempel 1 C 0,65-0,7%Example 1 C 0.65-0.7%
Si 0,5 - 1,0%Si 0.5 - 1.0%
Mn 0,75 - 1,25%Mn 0.75 - 1.25%
Cr 4,0 - 6,0%Cr 4.0 - 6.0%
Nb 3,2 - 4,0%Nb 3.2 - 4.0%
Mo 1,0 - 1,25%Mo 1.0 - 1.25%
Fe rest med eller uden de sædvanlige urenheder inklusive højst 0,04% svovl og højst 0,04% phosphor.Fe residues with or without the usual impurities including not more than 0.04% sulfur and not more than 0.04% phosphorus.
Et påsvejsningsmateriale med denne sammensætning har afhængigt af anløbningstemperaturens højde en Vickershårdhed mellem 300 og 600 Hv. Fig. 2 viser et typisk anløbningsdiagram. Ved nogle sammensætninger inden for de angivne grænser kan der ved en anløbnings-temperatur på ca. 500°C optræde et sekundært hårdhedsmaksimum.Depending on the height of the inlet temperature, a welding material of this composition has a Vickers hardness between 300 and 600 Hv. FIG. 2 shows a typical inlet diagram. For some compositions within the specified limits, at an inlet temperature of approx. 500 ° C a secondary hardness maximum occurs.
6 1446606 144660
Eksempel 2 C 1,0 - 1,2%Example 2 C 1.0 - 1.2%
Si 2,0 - 2,5%Si 2.0 - 2.5%
Mn 2,0 - 2,5%Mn 2.0 - 2.5%
Cr 4,0 - 6,0%Cr 4.0 - 6.0%
Nb 8,0-9,0%Nb 8.0-9.0%
Mo 0,9 - 1,1%Mo 0.9 - 1.1%
Fe rest med eller uden de sædvanlige urenheder.Fairy residue with or without the usual impurities.
Et påsvejsningsmateriale med denne sammensætning har en hårdhed inden for området 300 - 500 Hv. Fig. 3 viser et anløbningsdiagram for et påsvejsningsmateriale, hvis sammensætning ligger inden for dette eksempels område.A welding material of this composition has a hardness in the range of 300 - 500 Hv. FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of a welding material whose composition is within the scope of this example.
Eksempel 3 C 1,5 - 1,7%Example 3 C 1.5 - 1.7%
Si 2,75- 3,25%Si 2.75 - 3.25%
Mn 2,0-2,5%Mn 2.0-2.5%
Cr 4,0 - 5,0%Cr 4.0 - 5.0%
Nb 11,5 -12,5%Nb 11.5 -12.5%
Mo 0,7 - 1,0%Mo 0.7 - 1.0%
Fe rest med eller uden de sædvanlige urenheder. Hårdheden af et påsvejsningsmateriale med denne sammensætning ligger mellem ca. 340 og ca. 380 Hv. Fig. 4 viser et typisk anløbningsdiagram for en sådan sammensætning.Fairy residue with or without the usual impurities. The hardness of a welding material of this composition ranges from approx. 340 and approx. 380 Hv. FIG. 4 shows a typical inlet diagram for such a composition.
Sammensætningerne ifølge de anførte eksempler er med held anvendt som påsvejsningsmateriale til valser i varmvalseværker.The compositions of the above examples have been successfully used as welding material for rollers in hot rolling mills.
Valsen, der skal forsynes med et slidlag, forvarmes først til en temperatur mellem 400 og 500°C og holdes på denne temperatur under svejsearbejdet. Valsen drejes, og en svejsebrænder til pulversvejs-ning forskydes under drejningen langsomt i aksial retning, således at der påføres en spiralformet svejsestreng på valsen. Der påføres mindst to, fortrinsvis dog tre svejselag over hinanden. Svejsestrømmen ligger i et område mellem 300 og 1200 A. Hvis der svejses med høje strømstyrker, foretrækkes det at anvende tvillingelektroder, dvs. et par af elektroder, der føres til et fælles svejsebad.The roller to be provided with a wear layer is first preheated to a temperature between 400 and 500 ° C and maintained at this temperature during welding operations. The roller is rotated and a welding torch for powder welding is slowly shifted in axial direction during rotation, so that a helical welding string is applied to the roller. At least two, preferably three welding layers are applied over each other. The welding current is in a range between 300 and 1200 A. If welding with high currents, it is preferable to use twin electrodes, ie. a pair of electrodes conducted to a common welding pool.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7507899 | 1975-07-10 | ||
| SE7507899A SE393550B (en) | 1975-07-10 | 1975-07-10 | FIT-WELDED COATING ON A HOT-FORMING TOOL AND WAY TO MANUFACTURE THIS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK313476A DK313476A (en) | 1977-01-11 |
| DK144660B true DK144660B (en) | 1982-05-03 |
| DK144660C DK144660C (en) | 1982-10-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK313476A DK144660C (en) | 1975-07-10 | 1976-07-09 | WASTE MATERIALS FOR Wear layers of heat processing tools |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5224143A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATA485876A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU504186B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE843911A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7604508A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1065652A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH621276A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2629744C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK144660C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES449709A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI62008C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2317367A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1488109A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1062455B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7607619A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO139179C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE393550B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA763932B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4323578A (en) * | 1979-08-10 | 1982-04-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated carbamate insecticides |
| CH653936A5 (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1986-01-31 | Alusuisse | METHOD FOR APPLYING WEAR PROTECTIVE LAYERS. |
| JP2870831B2 (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1999-03-17 | 日本精工株式会社 | Rolling bearing |
| DE4202828C2 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1994-11-10 | Werner Dr Ing Theisen | Use of a wear-resistant alloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE525689A (en) * | ||||
| GB463716A (en) * | 1934-07-28 | 1937-04-05 | Electro Metallurg Co | Improvements in and relating to alloy steels and welding rods |
| FR1119024A (en) * | 1954-02-11 | 1956-06-14 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | welding electrodes for supplying material by welding to rolling mill rolls |
| FR1264166A (en) * | 1960-07-01 | 1961-06-19 | Coating ferrous alloy deposited by arc welding |
-
1975
- 1975-07-10 SE SE7507899A patent/SE393550B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-07-01 ZA ZA763932A patent/ZA763932B/en unknown
- 1976-07-02 DE DE2629744A patent/DE2629744C3/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-02 AU AU15495/76A patent/AU504186B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-02 AT AT485876A patent/ATA485876A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-05 FI FI761952A patent/FI62008C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-08 CH CH880276A patent/CH621276A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-08 GB GB28479/76A patent/GB1488109A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-08 BE BE168738A patent/BE843911A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-09 NO NO762417A patent/NO139179C/en unknown
- 1976-07-09 ES ES449709A patent/ES449709A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-09 FR FR7621042A patent/FR2317367A1/en active Granted
- 1976-07-09 BR BR7604508A patent/BR7604508A/en unknown
- 1976-07-09 JP JP51081821A patent/JPS5224143A/en active Pending
- 1976-07-09 CA CA256,708A patent/CA1065652A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-09 DK DK313476A patent/DK144660C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-09 NL NL7607619A patent/NL7607619A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-09 IT IT25171/76A patent/IT1062455B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1549576A (en) | 1978-01-05 |
| SE7507899L (en) | 1977-01-11 |
| DE2629744C3 (en) | 1981-11-19 |
| NO762417L (en) | 1977-01-11 |
| GB1488109A (en) | 1977-10-05 |
| NO139179C (en) | 1979-01-17 |
| DK313476A (en) | 1977-01-11 |
| IT1062455B (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| FR2317367A1 (en) | 1977-02-04 |
| NO139179B (en) | 1978-10-09 |
| ZA763932B (en) | 1977-05-25 |
| DE2629744B2 (en) | 1980-10-09 |
| AU504186B2 (en) | 1979-10-04 |
| FR2317367B1 (en) | 1981-05-22 |
| CA1065652A (en) | 1979-11-06 |
| NL7607619A (en) | 1977-01-12 |
| BR7604508A (en) | 1977-08-02 |
| FI62008B (en) | 1982-07-30 |
| ATA485876A (en) | 1978-01-15 |
| ES449709A1 (en) | 1977-12-16 |
| DE2629744A1 (en) | 1977-01-27 |
| BE843911A (en) | 1976-11-03 |
| FI62008C (en) | 1982-11-10 |
| JPS5224143A (en) | 1977-02-23 |
| CH621276A5 (en) | 1981-01-30 |
| DK144660C (en) | 1982-10-04 |
| SE393550B (en) | 1977-05-16 |
| FI761952A (en) | 1977-01-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |