DK143060C - Plastic bottle for liquids under gas pressure and practically resistant to deformation caused by pressure and to the penetration of gases and liquids, as well as to its process - Google Patents

Plastic bottle for liquids under gas pressure and practically resistant to deformation caused by pressure and to the penetration of gases and liquids, as well as to its process Download PDF

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DK143060C
DK143060C DK639470AA DK639470A DK143060C DK 143060 C DK143060 C DK 143060C DK 639470A A DK639470A A DK 639470AA DK 639470 A DK639470 A DK 639470A DK 143060 C DK143060 C DK 143060C
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bottle
approx
liquids
polymer
pressure
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DK639470AA
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Danish (da)
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DK143060B (en
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Newman Ronald
Convers Wyeth Nathaniel
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Du Pont
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B65D1/0261Bottom construction
    • B65D1/0276Bottom construction having a continuous contact surface, e.g. Champagne-type bottom
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/0005Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/08Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B29C49/10Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/08Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B29C49/10Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
    • B29C49/14Clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/22Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or parisons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/28Blow-moulding apparatus
    • B29C49/30Blow-moulding apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48Moulds
    • B29C2049/4856Mounting, exchanging or centering moulds or parts thereof
    • B29C2049/4858Exchanging mould parts, e.g. for changing the mould size or geometry for making different products in the same mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2049/7879Stretching, e.g. stretch rod
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/081Specified dimensions, e.g. values or ranges
    • B29C2949/0811Wall thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/081Specified dimensions, e.g. values or ranges
    • B29C2949/0829Height, length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0861Other specified values, e.g. values or ranges
    • B29C2949/0862Crystallinity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0861Other specified values, e.g. values or ranges
    • B29C2949/0872Weight
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3032Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3041Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being extruded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/20Opening, closing or clamping
    • B29C33/26Opening, closing or clamping by pivotal movement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/08Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B29C49/087Means for providing controlled or limited stretch ratio

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Description

i 143060in 143060

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en plastflaske til væsker under gastryk og praktisk taget modstandsdygtig mod deformation forårsaget af tryk og mod gennemtrængen af væsker og gasser, hvilken flaske i upigmenteret tilstand er transparent eller praktisk taget transparent og er fremstillet af ethylenterephthalat-polymer eller -copolymer med en glasovergangstemperatur på mindst 50°C, samt en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en sådan flaske, der især er anvendelig til f.eks. kulsyreholdige drikkevarer eller til aerosoler, hvortil man hidtil kun har kunnet anvende flasker af glas.The present invention relates to a plastic bottle for liquids under gas pressure and practically resistant to deformation caused by pressure and to the penetration of liquids and gases, which bottle in the unpigmented state is transparent or practically transparent and is made of ethylene terephthalate polymer or copolymer with a a glass transition temperature of at least 50 ° C, and a method of making such a bottle which is particularly useful for e.g. carbonated beverages or aerosols for which only glass bottles have so far been used.

Flasker, som skal kunne anvendes til kulsyreholdige drikkevarer, hvor der kommer noget autogent tryk i flasken, må være i besiddelse af visse nødvendige egenskaber. Disse egenskaber omfatter den nødvendige styrke til at kunne indeholde drikkevarer under tryk, der kan være så høje som 7 kg/cm2, uden kendelig krybning eller alvorlig deformation inden for det temperaturområde fra ca. o til ca. 50*0, som der kan være tale om. Desuden må flasken have ingen eller ringe gennemtrængelighed, især for carbondioxid og oxygen, idet et kontinuerligt tab af carbondioxid fra en kulsyreholdig drikkevare eller indtrængen af oxygen i en drikkevare som f.eks. øl vil forkorte drikkevarens opbevaringsholdbarhed og ændre dens smag.Bottles which must be usable for carbonated beverages where there is some autogenous pressure in the bottle must possess certain necessary properties. These properties include the strength required to be able to contain beverages under pressure that can be as high as 7 kg / cm 2, with no appreciable creep or severe deformation within the temperature range of about 10 psi. o to approx. 50 * 0, which may be the case. In addition, the bottle must have no or little permeability, especially for carbon dioxide and oxygen, with a continuous loss of carbon dioxide from a carbonated beverage or the penetration of oxygen into a beverage such as e.g. beer will shorten the shelf life of the beverage and change its taste.

Hidtil har det ikke været muligt at erstatte glasflasker til gasholdige væsker under tryk med plastflasker, da disse ikke har kunnet fremstilles med de ovenfor nævnte egenskaber.Heretofore, it has not been possible to replace glass bottles for gas containing liquids under pressure with plastic bottles as these have not been able to be manufactured with the above mentioned properties.

Nærværende opfindelse er baseret på den erkendelse, at det ved anvendelse af et ganske specielt plastmateriale er muligt at opnå en flaske, der opfylder alle de nævnte betingelser, og i overensstemmelse hermed er plastflasken ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at flaskematerialet har et logaritmisk viskositetstal på mindst 0,55 dl/g (bestemt på en 1%'s opløsning af polymeren i en blanding af 37,5 vægtprocent tetrachlorethan og 62,5 vægtprocent phenol ved 30°C), og at væggen af flaskens i hovedsagen cylindriske 2 143060 del er biaksialt orienteret ved strækning af et amorft eller i det væsentlige amorft materiale svarende til et strækforhold på højst 4 gange i aksialretningen og på 2,5-7 gange i periferiretningen, således at denne vægs materiale har en krystallinitet på mindst 15%, idet flaskens halsdel består af praktisk taget uorienteret amorft materiale, og flaskens bund er mindre eller lige så kraftigt orienteret som den cylindriske del, idet flasken er opblæst til en tyndvægget flaske i et sådant omfang, at forholdet mellem flaskens vægt i gram og dens rumindhold i ml er fra 0,005-0,2:1, og de mindre orienterede deles vægtykkelse er større end de kraftigere orienterede deles, idet flaskens cylindriske del har en vægtykkelse fra 0,25 til 0,76 mm, en trækbrudstyrke i aksialretningen på 350-2110 kg/cm2, en trækbrudstyrke i periferiretningen på 1400-5625 kg/cm2, en aksial flydéspæn-ding på mindst 280 kg/cm2, en perifer flydespænding på mindst 490 kg/cm2 og en deformationskonstant defineret ved udtrykket DC = 3 l0ga(dt/d8) Ϊ 0,65 hvor DC = deformationskonstanten, dt = tidsdifferentialet, og dø = spændingsdifferentialet.The present invention is based on the recognition that using a very special plastic material, it is possible to obtain a bottle which meets all of the above conditions, and accordingly, the plastic bottle according to the invention is characterized in that the bottle material has a logarithmic viscosity number of at least 0.55 dl / g (determined on a 1% solution of the polymer in a mixture of 37.5% by weight tetrachloroethane and 62.5% by weight phenol at 30 ° C), and that the wall of the substantially cylindrical portion of the bottle is biaxially oriented by stretching an amorphous or substantially amorphous material corresponding to a tensile ratio of not more than 4 times in the axial direction and 2.5-7 times in the circumferential direction, such that the material of this wall has a crystallinity of at least 15%, with the neck portion of the bottle consists of practically unoriented amorphous material and the bottom of the bottle is less or as sharply oriented as the cylindrical portion, the bottle being read to a thin-walled bottle to such an extent that the ratio of the bottle's weight in grams to its volume content in ml is from 0.005 to 0.2: 1 and the wall thickness of the less oriented parts is greater than the more strongly oriented parts, with the cylindrical portion of the bottle has a wall thickness of 0.25 to 0.76 mm, a tensile tensile strength in the axial direction of 350-2110 kg / cm2, a tensile tensile strength in the circumferential direction of 1400-5625 kg / cm2, an axial yield stress of at least 280 kg / cm2, a peripheral flow stress of at least 490 kg / cm2 and a deformation constant defined by the expression DC = 3 l0ga (dt / d8) Ϊ 0.65 where DC = the deformation constant, dt = the time differential, and die = the voltage differential.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen til fremstilling af denne flaske er ejendommelig ved, at et hult præformet emne af eventuelt pigmenteret, amorf eller i hovedsagen amorf ethylenterephthalat-polymer eller -copolymer med en glasovergangstemperatur på mindst 50°C og et logaritmisk viskositetstal på mindst 0,55 dl/g strækkes biaksialt i en til dannelse af en flaske udformet form ved en temperatur på 80-130°C, således at den hovedpart af sidevæggene i det præformede emne, der kommer til at udgøre flaskens almindeligvis cylindriske del, strækkes højst 4 gange i aksialretningen og 2,5-7 gange i periferiretningen til dannelse af en flaske med et forhold mellem vægten i gram og rumfanget i ml, der ligger mellem 0,005:1 og 0,2:1, og en krystallinitet på mindst 15%.The process of the invention for the preparation of this bottle is characterized in that a hollow preformed blank of any pigmented, amorphous or substantially amorphous ethylene terephthalate polymer or copolymer having a glass transition temperature of at least 50 ° C and a logarithmic viscosity number of at least 0.55 dl / g is stretched biaxially in a bottle-shaped form at a temperature of 80-130 ° C, so that the major portion of the side walls of the preformed workpiece which will constitute the generally cylindrical portion of the bottle are stretched at most 4 times in the axial direction. and 2.5-7 times in the circumferential direction to form a bottle having a weight ratio in grams to the volume in ml of between 0.005: 1 and 0.2: 1 and a crystallinity of at least 15%.

Polyethylenterephthalat-flaskerne ifølge opfindelsen 3 143060 har en massefylde, der ligger mellem ca. 1,331 og 1,402, og den rette cylinderdel af flasken har som allerede angivet en aksial trækstyrke på mellem ca. 350 og 2.100 kg/cm2, en perifer trækstyrke på mellem ca. 1.400 og 5.600 kg/cm2, en aksial flydespænding på mindst 280 kg/cm2 og en perifer flydespænding på mindst 490 kg/cm2. Typisk vil som allerede angivet disse flasker have en vægtykkelse på 0,25 og 0,75 mm og en deformationskonstant lig med hældningen af logaritmen (den reciprokke værdi af deformationsgraden) mod deformationen af en værdi på mindst ca. 0,65.The polyethylene terephthalate bottles of the present invention have a density ranging from approx. 1,331 and 1,402, and the right cylinder portion of the bottle has, as already stated, an axial tensile strength of between about. 350 and 2,100 kg / cm 2, a peripheral tensile strength of between approx. 1,400 and 5,600 kg / cm2, an axial flow stress of at least 280 kg / cm2 and a peripheral flow stress of at least 490 kg / cm2. Typically, as already stated, these bottles will have a wall thickness of 0.25 and 0.75 mm and a deformation constant equal to the slope of the logarithm (the reciprocal value of the deformation degree) against the deformation of a value of at least about 0.65.

I US patentskrift nr. 3.470.282 beskrives en fremgangsmåde til injektionsstøbning af en post af polymert materiale ved en temperatur, der mindst er lig med polymerens smeltetemperatur, og afkøling af den smeltede post direkte til den polymeres orienteringstemperatur, hvorpå posten strækkes i sin længderetning og opblæses til en orienteret beholder. Som polymermateriale anvendes ifølge patentskriftet fortrinsvis polyvinylchlorid, og der er desuden nævnt poly-ethylen, -propylen og -styren. Der angivet intet om, at de fremstillede flasker kan rumme væsker under gastryk og langt mindre noget om, at gastrykket kan bevares og diffusion hindres.U.S. Patent No. 3,470,282 discloses a method of injection molding an item of polymeric material at a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of the polymer, and cooling the melted item directly to the orientation temperature of the polymer and extending the entry in its longitudinal direction. inflated to an oriented container. Polyvinyl chloride is preferably used as polymeric material, and polyethylene, propylene and styrene are also mentioned. There is no indication that the manufactured bottles can hold liquids under gas pressure and much less that gas pressure can be maintained and diffusion prevented.

Der findes i patentskriftet ingen antydninger om, at man kunne anvende specielt polyethylenterephthalat ved den kendte metode, og der angives ingen betingelser for fremstilling af en biaksialt orienteret flaske af dette materiale.There are no indications in the patent that particular polyethylene terephthalate could be used in the known method, and no conditions are stated for the preparation of a biaxially oriented bottle of this material.

I det nævnte patentskrift findes der således ingen angivelser om de fysiske eller strukturelle egenskaber, der kræves hos en biaksialt orienteret polyethylenterephthalat--flaske, således at denne kan rumme væsker under tryk, og der er ej heller angivet de nødvendige fremgangsmådebetingelser for, at man ud fra en præform af specielt polyethy-lenterephthalatmateriale ved blæsestøbning kan fremstille en flaske, der, selv med relativt tynde vægge, er så stærk, at den kan tjene formålet.Thus, the aforementioned patent does not disclose the physical or structural properties required of a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate bottle so that it can hold liquids under pressure, nor are the necessary process conditions indicated for from a preform of special polyethylene terephthalate material by blow molding can produce a bottle which, even with relatively thin walls, is so strong as to serve its purpose.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen udføres hensigtsmæs- 4 143060 sigt ved hjælp af en form, for at flaskerne hele tiden kan blive ens. Den hule udgangsslange af polyethylenterephthalat extruderes gennem et ringformet mundstykke ind i en giidelig form, der har en vulst-udsparing i den ene ende til modtagelse af extrudatet, og derefter bringes formen til at glide væk fra extrusionsmundstykket, efterhånden som den kontinuerlige extrusion foregår, hvorved extrudatet strækkes, medens det samtidig tvinges ind mod formens indvendige vægge ved indføring af et fluidum under tryk i det indre af den flaske, der er under dannelse.The method according to the invention is conveniently carried out by means of a mold so that the bottles can always be identical. The hollow polyethylene terephthalate exit hose is extruded through an annular nozzle into a mold having a bead recess at one end for receiving the extrudate, and then the mold is slid away from the extrusion nozzle as the continuous extrusion takes place. the extrudate is stretched while at the same time forced into the inner walls of the mold by introducing a pressurized fluid into the interior of the forming bottle.

Polyethylenterephthalater, der er egnede til fremstilling af plastflaskerne ifølge opfindelsen, omfatter (a) polymere, hvoraf mindst ca. 97% indeholder tilbagevendende ethylenterephthalat-enheder af formlen o oPolyethylene terephthalates suitable for preparing the plastic bottles of the invention comprise (a) polymers of which at least approx. 97% contains recurring ethylene terephthalate units of formula o

medens den resterende del er mindre mængder af esterdannende komponenter, samt (b) copolymere af ethylenterephthalat, hvoraf op til ca. 10 mol% består af monomere enheder som f.eks. diethylenglycol, propan-l,3-diol, butan-l,4-diol, polytetramethylenglycol, polyethylenglycol, polypropylen-glycol og 1,4-hydroxymethylcyclohexan i stedet for glycol--molekyldelen ved fremstillingen af den copolymere eller f.eks. isophthalsyre, dibenzoesyre, naphthalen-1,4- eller 2,6-dicarboxylsyre, adipinsyre, sebacinsyre eller decan-1,10--dicarboxylsyre i stedet for syremolekyIdelen ved fremstillingen af den copolymere.while the remaining portion is smaller amounts of ester-forming components, and (b) copolymers of ethylene terephthalate, of which up to ca. 10 mol% consists of monomeric units such as e.g. diethylene glycol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, polytetramethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and 1,4-hydroxymethylcyclohexane instead of the glycol molecule in the preparation of the copolymer or e.g. isophthalic acid, dibenzoic acid, naphthalene-1,4- or 2,6-dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid or decane-1,10-dicarboxylic acid instead of the acid molecule part in the preparation of the copolymer.

De bestemte grænser for comonomeren bestemmes af glasovergangstemperaturen for den polymere, idet det har vist sig, at når glasovergangstemperaturen går under ca. 50°C, vil resultatet blive en copolymer med nedsatte mekaniske egenskaber, og dette svarer til tilsætning af ikke mere end ca. 10 mol% af en comonomer. En undtagelse fra dette er f.eks. tilsætningen af dibenzoesyre, hvor glas- 5 143060 overgangstemperaturen for copolymeren forbliver over 50°C og ikke falder ved tilsætning af mere end 10 mol%. Andre lignende tilfælde vil være nærliggende for en sagkyndig.The specific limits of the comonomer are determined by the glass transition temperature of the polymer, as it has been found that when the glass transition temperature goes below approx. 50 ° C, the result will be a copolymer with reduced mechanical properties and this corresponds to the addition of no more than approx. 10 mol% of a comonomer. An exception to this is e.g. the addition of dibenzoic acid, where the glass transition temperature of the copolymer remains above 50 ° C and does not decrease by the addition of more than 10 mol%. Other similar cases will be obvious to an expert.

Desuden kan ethylenterephthalat-polymeren indeholde forskellige additiver, som ikke påvirker den polymere ugunstigt ved anvendelse, såsom stabilisatorer, f.eks. antioxida-tionsmidler eller midler mod ultraviolet lys, extrusionshjæl-pestoffer, additiver til at gøre polymeren lettere sønderdelelig eller brændbar såsom oxidationskatalysatorer, samt farvestoffer eller pigmenter.In addition, the ethylene terephthalate polymer may contain various additives which do not adversely affect the polymer in use, such as stabilizers, e.g. antioxidants or ultraviolet light agents, extrusion auxiliaries, additives to make the polymer more easily degradable or combustible such as oxidation catalysts, and dyes or pigments.

Polyethylenterephthalatet skal som nævnt have et logaritmisk viskositetstal (målt på en 1%' s opløsning af polymeren i en blanding af 37,5 vægt% tetrachlorethan og 62,5 vægt% phenol ved 30°C) på mindst 0,55 til opnåelse af de ønskede slutegenskaber for den dannede flaske, og fortrinsvis skal egenviskositeten være mindst ca. 0,7 til opnåelse af en flaske med de bedste sejhedsegenskaber, dvs. resistens mod slagbelastning. Viskositeten for polymeropløsningen måles i forhold til viskositeten af opløsningsmidlet alene, og man får da viskositetstal = log.As mentioned, the polyethylene terephthalate must have a logarithmic viscosity number (measured on a 1% solution of the polymer in a mixture of 37.5 wt% tetrachloroethane and 62.5 wt% phenol at 30 ° C) of at least 0.55 desired final properties of the formed bottle, and preferably the intrinsic viscosity should be at least about 0.7 to obtain a bottle with the best toughness properties, ie. resistance to impact load. The viscosity of the polymer solution is measured in relation to the viscosity of the solvent alone, and viscosity = log is obtained.

nat. log. opløsningens viskositet opløsningsmidlets viskositet Cnight. onion. viscosity of the solvent solvent viscosity C

hvor C er koncentrationen udtrykt i gram polymer pr. 100 ml opløsning.where C is the concentration expressed in grams of polymer per ml. 100 ml solution.

Biaksial orientering af flaskekroppen er af betydning for at give flaskerne ifølge opfindelsen forbedrede fysiske egenskaber såsom forbedret trækstyrke og flydespænding. En biaksial orientering opnås ved strækning af det termoplas-tiske materiale i den aksiale og den perifere retning, efterhånden som genstanden dannes. Flasken ifølge opfindelsen er molekylært orienteret .ved at være strakt biaksialt gennemsnitlig op til 4,0 gange i aksialretningen og ca. 2,5-7,0 gange i periferiretningen. En sådan strækning udføres ved orienteringstemperaturen for det termoplastiske materiale, dvs. over glasovergangstemperaturen og under krystalsmelte- 6 143060 punktet. Graden af den molekylære orientering kan bestemmes efter kendte metoder, f.eks. som beskrevet i Journal of Polymer Science, bind XLVII, side 289-306 (1960) i artiklen "X-Ray Determination of the Crystallite Orientation Distri-5 bution of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films" af C. J. Heffelfinger og R. L. Burton og i "Structure and Properties of Oriented Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Films" af Heff elfinger og Schmidt i Journal of Applied Polymer Science, bind 9, side 2661 (1965).Biaxial orientation of the bottle body is important in providing the bottles of the invention with improved physical properties such as improved tensile strength and yield strength. A biaxial orientation is obtained by stretching the thermoplastic material in the axial and peripheral directions as the article is formed. The bottle according to the invention is molecularly oriented by being stretched biaxially averaging up to 4.0 times in the axial direction and approx. 2.5-7.0 times in the peripheral direction. Such a stretch is performed at the orientation temperature of the thermoplastic material, i.e. above the glass transition temperature and below the crystal melting point. The degree of molecular orientation can be determined by known methods, e.g. as described in the Journal of Polymer Science, Vol XLVII, pages 289-306 (1960) in the article "X-Ray Determination of the Crystallite Orientation Distribution of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films" by CJ Heffelfinger and RL Burton and in "Structure and Properties of Oriented Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Films "by Heff elfinger and Schmidt in Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Volume 9, page 2661 (1965).

10 De biaksialt orienterede dele får altså særlig gode styrkeegenskaber, men de områder, der er mindre orienteret og dermed svagere, vil have tykkere væg end de områder, der er stærkere orienteret, og flasken får derved en forholdsvis stor totalstyrke. Ved fremstilling af flasken ifølge 15 opfindelsen forekommer den mindste vægtykkelse i den rette cylinderdel, men denne del vil være den stærkest orienterede. I den rette cylinderdel af en polyethylenterephthalatflaske, der er fremstillet ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, er trækstyrkerne og flydespændingerne typisk som følger: 20 en aksial trækstyrke på ca. 350-2100 kg/cm2, en perifer trækstyrke på ca. 1400-5600 kg/cm2, og en aksial flydespænding på mindst 280 kg/cm2 og en perifer flydespænding på mindst 490 kg/cm2. Værdierne for trækstyrke og flydespænding er bestemt efter den metode, der er angivet i ASTM D882 25 under "Tensile Testing".The biaxially oriented parts thus have particularly good strength properties, but the areas that are less oriented and thus weaker will have thicker wall than the areas that are more strongly oriented, and thus the bottle will have a relatively high overall strength. In the manufacture of the bottle according to the invention, the smallest wall thickness occurs in the proper cylinder part, but this part will be the most strongly oriented. In the proper cylinder portion of a polyethylene terephthalate bottle made by the process of the invention, the tensile strengths and yield stresses are typically as follows: 350-2100 kg / cm2, a peripheral tensile strength of approx. 1400-5600 kg / cm2, and an axial flow stress of at least 280 kg / cm2 and a peripheral flow stress of at least 490 kg / cm2. The tensile and yield stress values are determined by the method specified in ASTM D882 25 under "Tensile Testing".

Massefylden (g/cm3) for flasken ifølge opfindelsen kan som nævnt variere fra ca. 1,331 til 1,402, målt efter den metode, der er beskrevet i ASTM 1505 under "Density Gradient Technique". Massefylden er et mål for krystalliniteten, 30 og det angivne massefyldeområde omfatter et krystallini-tetsområde fra ca. 0 til 60%, idet den procentvise krystal-linitet beregnes ud fra ligningen: 35 % krystallinitet = x 100, hvor Ps = massefylden for forsøgsprøven (g/cm3)The density (g / cm 3) of the bottle according to the invention can vary as mentioned above. 1.331 to 1.402, measured by the method described in ASTM 1505 under "Density Gradient Technique". Density is a measure of crystallinity, and the specified density range comprises a crystallinity range of from ca. 0 to 60%, with the percentage crystallinity calculated from the equation: 35% crystallinity = x 100, where Ps = density of the test sample (g / cm3)

Pa = 1,333 (g/cm3), massefylden for en amorf film 7 143060 med 0% krystallinitet,Pa = 1.333 (g / cm3), the density of an amorphous film 7 with 0% crystallinity,

Pc = 1,455 (g/cm3), massefylden for krystallen beregnet ud fra enhedscelleparametre.Pc = 1.455 (g / cm3), the density of the crystal calculated from unit cell parameters.

Flaskerne selv kan have varierende krystallinitet 5 langs deres aksiale længde, i hvilket tilfælde flasken om ønsket kan varmefikseres til opnåelse af en ensartet krystallinitet.The bottles themselves may have varying crystallinity 5 along their axial length, in which case the bottle may be heat-fixed if desired to obtain uniform crystallinity.

Orientering og krystallinitet hidrager hver til visse egenskaber, men under nogle betingelser virker de konkur-10 rerende. Således vil f.eks. forøget orientering give forøgede , trækstyrkeegenskaber, men vil være tilbøjelig til at nedsætte genstandens termiske stabilitet. Til modvirkning af dette sidste kan flasken varmefikseres til forøgelse af krystal1initeten.Orientation and crystallinity each give rise to certain properties, but under some conditions they appear to be competing. Thus, e.g. Increased orientation gives increased tensile strength properties, but will tend to decrease the thermal stability of the article. To counteract this latter, the bottle can be heat-fixed to increase the crystallinity.

15 Krystalliniteten har også relation til genstandens spærreegenskaber, især gennemtrængningsegenskaberne. Når kulsyreholdige drikkevarer under tryk såsom sodavand eller øl kommes på flasker, er det vigtigt, at flasken har tilstrækkelige spærreegenskaber til at kunne fastholde kulsyren 20 og vandet i drikkevaren og dog holde sådanne forureninger som oxygen ude.The crystallinity also relates to the blocking properties of the article, especially the penetration properties. When pressurized carbonated beverages such as soda or beer are bottled, it is important that the bottle has sufficient blocking properties to be able to retain the carbonic acid 20 and the water in the beverage and yet retain such contaminants as oxygen.

Det har vist sig, at en forøgelse af krystalliniteten formindsker carbondioxids, oxygens eller vanddamps evne til at gennemtrænge flasken. Med udtrykket "gennemtrænge11 og 25 dets afledninger som anvendt i det foreliggende tilfælde menes evnen af et middel såsom carbondioxid, oxygen eller vanddamp til at passere gennem eller diffundere gennem væggen i en flaske ifølge opfindelsen. Den gennemtrængningsgrad, der mødes under anvendelse af en flaske, vil afhænge af 30 mange variable, indbefattende flaskens samlede overfladeareal, omgivelsestemperaturen, trykket inde i flasken, samt typen og mængden af væske i flasken.It has been found that an increase in crystallinity reduces the ability of carbon dioxide, oxygen or water vapor to penetrate the bottle. By the term "permeation11 and 25 its derivatives as used in the present case is meant the ability of an agent such as carbon dioxide, oxygen or water vapor to pass through or diffuse through the wall of a bottle according to the invention. The degree of permeation met using a bottle, will depend on 30 many variables, including the total surface area of the bottle, the ambient temperature, the pressure inside the bottle, as well as the type and amount of liquid in the bottle.

Når flaskens krystallinitet er mindst ca. 15% (massefylde ca. 1,348), og flasken anvendes på sædvanlig måde 35 til sodavand eller øl i sædvanlig forbrugsmængde, dvs. 18, 24, 34, 36 eller 48 cl, er gennemtrængningsgraden for de 143060 δ forskellige gennemtrængende medier, der kan blive tale om, tilstrækkelig til at opfylde kommercielle standarder. Således vil f.eks. i flasker, der indeholder op til ca. 48 cl sodavand eller øl under et autogent overtryk på ca. 5,25 kg/cm2 ved stuetemperatur, dvs. ca. 25°C, og hvor vægtykkelsen er mellem 0,25 og 0,75 mm og forholdet mellem vægten i gram og rumfanget i cm3 er mellem ca. 0,2:1 og 0,005:1, det carbondioxid, der forlader flasken, ikke udgøre mere end 15% på 30 døgn, oxygengennemtrængningen gennem væggen ind i væsken vil ikke være større end 5 dpm på 30 døgn, og mængden af vand, der tabes fra væsken, vil ikke være større end 5% på 90 døgn.When the crystallinity of the bottle is at least approx. 15% (density approximately 1.348) and the bottle is used in the usual manner 35 for soda or beer in usual consumption, ie. 18, 24, 34, 36 or 48cl, the permeability rate of the 143060 δ various permeable media available is sufficient to meet commercial standards. Thus, e.g. in bottles containing up to approx. 48 cl of soda or beer under an autogenous overpressure of approx. 5.25 kg / cm 2 at room temperature, i.e. ca. And where the wall thickness is between 0.25 and 0.75 mm and the ratio between the weight in grams and the volume in cm3 is between approx. 0.2: 1 and 0.005: 1, the carbon dioxide leaving the bottle does not exceed 15% in 30 days, the oxygen penetration through the wall into the liquid will not be greater than 5 ppm in 30 days, and the amount of water lost from the liquid will not be greater than 5% in 90 days.

Carbondioxidgennemtrængningen måles ved, at man sætter en flaske under et overtryk på 5,25 kg/cm2 med carbondioxid, lukker flasken med sædvanlige lukkeanordninger, anbringer den under tryk værende flaske i et vakuumkammer, hvori vakuet er 1 micron Hg, og tillader flasken i vakuumkammeret at komme på ligevægt, hvorefter man måler trykforøgelsen i vakuumkammeret som en funktion af tiden. Alternativt kan den samme under tryk værende flaske anbringes i et lukket kammer med en strøm af nitrogen, der passerer forbi flasken og derefter ledes ned i og vaskes i et natriumhydroxid-bad, hvorpå titrering af standard-natriumhydroxid vil angive mængden af carbondioxid, der er optaget ved passage af nitrogenstrømmen. Den mængde carbondioxid, der måles pr. tidsenhed, giver graden af carbondioxidgennemtrængningen.The carbon dioxide penetration is measured by placing a bottle under a pressure of 5.25 kg / cm2 with carbon dioxide, closing the bottle with conventional closures, placing the pressurized bottle in a vacuum chamber in which the vacuum is 1 micron Hg, and allowing the bottle into the vacuum chamber to reach equilibrium and then measure the pressure increase in the vacuum chamber as a function of time. Alternatively, the same pressurized bottle may be placed in a closed chamber with a stream of nitrogen passing through the bottle and then passed into and washed in a sodium hydroxide bath, whereupon titration of standard sodium hydroxide will indicate the amount of carbon dioxide that is occupied by passage of the nitrogen stream. The amount of carbon dioxide measured per unit of time, gives the degree of carbon dioxide penetration.

Oxygengennemtrængningen måles ved, at man fylder en flaske med afgasset vand, lukker flasken på sædvanlig måde og derefter opbevarer den ved stuetemperatur og -tryk, idet man periodisk måler oxygenindholdet i vandet inde i flasken på kendt måde, f.eks. ved potentiometrisk titrering med sølv-elektrode.The oxygen permeation is measured by filling a bottle with degassed water, closing the bottle in the usual manner and then storing it at room temperature and pressure, periodically measuring the oxygen content of the water inside the bottle in a known manner, e.g. by potentiometric titration with silver electrode.

Vandgennemtrængningen måles ved, at man anbringer et tørremiddel i en tør flaske, lukker flasken og derpå opbevarer den ved 37,8°C i en atmosfære med en konstant relativ fugtighed på 100%, hvorefter flasken vejes periodisk til 9 143060 bestemmelse af den af tørremidlet optagne mængde vand. Alternativt kan flasken fyldes med vand, sættes under et auto-gent overtryk på 5,25 kg/cm2 og lukkes, derefter anbringes i en atmosfære med en relativ fugtighed på ca. 15% ved 25°C og vejes med mellemrum til bestemmelse af vandtabet.The water penetration is measured by placing a desiccant in a dry bottle, closing the bottle and then storing it at 37.8 ° C in an atmosphere of constant relative humidity of 100%, after which the bottle is periodically weighed to determine that of the desiccant. absorbed amount of water. Alternatively, the bottle can be filled with water, put under an autogenous overpressure of 5.25 kg / cm 2 and closed, then placed in an atmosphere of relative humidity of approx. 15% at 25 ° C and weighed at intervals to determine the water loss.

En anden vigtig egenskab for, at flaskerne ifølge opfindelsen kan accepteres til anvendelse til væsker under tryk, er, at de udviser forholdsvis ringe krybning, især når der er tale om tyndvæggede flasker med ringe vægt. Krybning er den ændring i genstandens strukturdimension, der sker ved udsættelse for belastning, og den afhænger af mange faktorer, indbefattende belastningsniveauet, arten af polymer, den polymeres fysiske tilstand, omgivelsestemperaturen og belastningstidsrummet. For krybningen i en almindelig cylindrisk flaske er også flaskens størrelse og form af betydning. Desuden vil det autogene tryk i flasken stige med stigende temperatur, og derfor må krybningsresistensen være forholdsvis konstant over et rimeligt anvendelsesområde for temperatur og tryk. Til typiske anvendelser f.eks. til øl eller sodavand er dette temperaturområde ca. 0-50"C, og trykområdet er ca. 0-7 kg/cm2.Another important feature that the bottles of the invention can be accepted for use in pressurized liquids is that they exhibit relatively low creep, especially in the case of thin-walled, low-weight bottles. Creep is the change in the structural dimension of the object that occurs upon exposure to strain, and it depends on many factors, including the load level, the nature of the polymer, the physical state of the polymer, the ambient temperature and the load time. For the creep in a regular cylindrical bottle, the size and shape of the bottle is also important. In addition, the autogenous pressure in the bottle will increase with increasing temperature and therefore the creep resistance must be relatively constant over a reasonable range of temperature and pressure. For typical applications e.g. for beer or soda, this temperature range is approx. 0-50 ° C and the pressure range is about 0-7 kg / cm 2.

De spændingsværdier, der optræder i en flaske anvendt til en væske under tryk såsom en kulsyreholdig drikkevare, er direkte proportionale med det autogene tryk i flasken og flaskens diameter og omvendt proportionale med vægtykkelsen. Spændingen kan meget tæt tilnærmes ved udtrykkene \/perifert ~The stress values that occur in a bottle used for a pressurized liquid such as a carbonated beverage are directly proportional to the autogenous pressure in the bottle and the diameter of the bottle and inversely proportional to the wall thickness. The voltage can be very closely approximated by the terms \ / peripheral ~

Vraksialt ~ Pr/2t hvor V = spændingen P = autogent tryk r = radius for den rette cylinder t = vægtykkelse.Vaxial ~ Pr / 2t where V = voltage P = autogenous pressure r = radius of the right cylinder t = wall thickness.

Typisk vil en flaske med en diameter på ca. 5 cm og en vægtykkelse for den rette cylinder på ca. 0,50 mm yed stuetemperatur og sat under et overtryk på ca. 5,25 kg/cm2 blive udsat for og kunne modstå en perifer spænding på ca.Typically, a bottle having a diameter of approx. 5 cm and a wall thickness for the right cylinder of approx. 0.50 mm to room temperature and put under an overpressure of approx. 5.25 kg / cm2 are exposed to and could withstand a peripheral voltage of approx.

143060 ίο 262,5 kg/cm2 (3.750 psig).143060 to 262.5 kg / cm 2 (3,750 psig).

Tyndvæggede flasker er ønskelige, da dette betyder anvendelse af mindre polymer og gør flasken billigere at fremstille, men tynde vægge fører til større spændingsniveauer og nødvendighed af større krybningsresistens. Bi-aksial orientering af en polymer vil, når de andre faktorer forbliver ens, forøge flaskens flydespændinger, og dette er derfor en vigtig grund til orientering.Thin-walled bottles are desirable as this means using less polymer and making the bottle cheaper to manufacture, but thin walls lead to greater levels of tension and necessity for greater creep resistance. Bi-axial orientation of a polymer, when the other factors remain the same, will increase the yield stress of the bottle, and this is therefore an important reason for orientation.

Krybningen måles sædvanligvis på polymere ved, at en prøve anbringes under en bestemt belastning, dvs. spænding, ved konstant temperatur, hvorefter spændingsdeformationen (strain deformation) måles som en funktion af tiden. Kurverne for termoplastiske materialer har en karakteristisk form, hvor deformationshastigheden (the rate of strain) aftager som en funktion af tiden. En afsætning af logaritmen (den reciprokke værdi af deformationshastigheden) mod spændingen giver et lineært forløb over en væsentlig del af krybnings-kurven. Hældningen for det lige kurvestykke, der her er betegnet som deformationskonstanten, udtrykkes matematisk som DC _ d log (dt/d£) de hvor DC = deformationskonstanten dt = tidsdifferentialet de = spændingsdifferentialet.The creep is usually measured on polymers by placing a sample under a certain load, i.e. voltage, at constant temperature, after which strain deformation is measured as a function of time. The curves for thermoplastic materials have a characteristic shape where the rate of strain decreases as a function of time. Placing the logarithm (the reciprocal value of the deformation velocity) against the voltage provides a linear course over a substantial portion of the creep curve. The slope of the straight curve piece, referred to here as the deformation constant, is expressed mathematically as DC _ d log (dt / d £) those where DC = the deformation constant dt = the time differential de = the voltage differential.

Denne deformationskonstant er anvendelig til beslægtede termoplastiske materialer og kan anvendes til sammenligning af opførslen med hensyn til krybning ved sammenligning af hældningsværdierne. En deformationskonstant på o angiver, at den undersøgte prøve forlænger sig med sin naturlige deformationshastighed, eller at deformationshastigheden ved den angivne belastning er konstant. En deformationskonstant på uendelig angiver, at der ikke er angivet nogen målelig deformation.This deformation constant is applicable to related thermoplastic materials and can be used to compare the creep behavior when comparing the slope values. A deformation constant of o indicates that the specimen examined extends with its natural deformation rate or that the deformation rate at the specified load is constant. A deformation constant of infinity indicates that no measurable deformation is specified.

For flasker fremstillet ifølge opfindelsen er deformationskonstanten mindst ca. 0,65, hvilket angiver en deformation på mindre end 5% på 100 timer ved 50° C med et autogent 11 143060 overtryk på 5,25 kg/cm2.For bottles made according to the invention, the deformation constant is at least approx. 0.65, indicating a deformation of less than 5% in 100 hours at 50 ° C with an autogenous pressure of 5.25 kg / cm 2.

Endnu en karakteristisk egenskab for de biaksialt orienterede polyethylenterephthalat-flasker ifølge opfindelsen er sejhed eller slagresistens, men denne er især forbun-5 det med polyterephthalatets logaritmiske viskositetstal, idet en forøgelse af dette almindeligvis vil forøge flaskens slagresistens. Dette illustreres ved en faldprøve, hvor en flaske fyldes og lukkes under typiske påfyldningsbetingelser med et autogent overtryk på 4,2 kg/cm2, hvorefter flasken 10 falder ned på et cementgulv, således at slagpunktet findes på kanten af grundfladen. Ved prøvning af flasker, der er fremstillet på ens måde, men afviger med hensyn til det logaritmiske viskositetstal, har det ved fald ved 0PC vist sig, at (a) flasker med et logaritmisk viskositetstal på 15 0,85 gennemsnitligt vil overleve et fald på 180 cm, men svigte, dvs. revne eller gå i stykker, ved et fald på 240 cm, medens (b) flasker med et logaritmisk viskositetstal på 0,95 gennemsnitligt vil overleve to fald på 240 cm, men vil svigte ved det tredje fald, og (c) flasker med et logaritmisk 20 viskositetstal på 1,1 vil overleve fem fald på 240 cm.Another characteristic of the biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate bottles of the invention is toughness or impact resistance, but this is particularly associated with the logarithmic viscosity of the polytherephthalate, an increase of which will generally increase the impact resistance of the bottle. This is illustrated by a drop test in which a bottle is filled and closed under typical filling conditions with an autogenous overpressure of 4.2 kg / cm 2, after which the bottle 10 falls on a cement floor so that the impact point is on the edge of the base surface. When testing bottles that are manufactured in a similar manner but differ in logarithmic viscosity, it has been found that, by decreasing at 0PC, (a) bottles with a logarithmic viscosity number of 0.85 will survive a decrease of 180 cm, but fail, ie crack or break, at a fall of 240 cm, while (b) bottles with a logarithmic viscosity number of 0.95 will survive on average two falls of 240 cm, but will fail at the third fall, and (c) bottles with a logarithmic 20 viscosity numbers of 1.1 will survive five falls of 240 cm.

I det følgende skal fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, der viser de essentielle dele af et apparat til fremstilling af plastflasker ifølge opfindelsen, idet 25 fig. 1 i tværsnit viser selve formningsdelen i ap- paratet i dens stilling under det indledende trin af formningen af en flaske og især dannelsen af den ringformede vulst, fig. 2 viser den samme del af apparatet i stillingen 30 under et mellemtrin af formningen af en flaske og især det afgørende trin, som består i en kombination af ikke-smelte--extrusion og expansion ved anvendelse af interne fluidumkræfter, fig. 3 viser denne del igen, men i stillingen, hvor dannelsen af flasken er afsluttet, fig. 4 viser et forstørret deltværsnit gennem en del 35 12 143060 af den i fig. 5 viste apparatdel, nemlig området omkring det ringformede extrusionsmundstykke i nærheden af afslutningen af den kombinerede extrusion og expansion, og fig. 5 er et forstørret deltværsnit svarende til fig. 6, men visende området omkring det ringformede extru-sionsmundstykke, efter at dannelsen af flasken er tilendebragt .In the following, the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows the essential parts of an apparatus for making plastic bottles according to the invention, 1 is a cross-sectional view of the forming part of the apparatus in its position during the initial stage of forming a bottle and, in particular, the formation of the annular bead; FIG. 2 shows the same part of the apparatus in position 30 during an intermediate stage of the formation of a bottle and, in particular, the crucial step, which consists of a combination of non-melting - extrusion and expansion using internal fluid forces; FIG. 3 shows this part again, but in the position where the formation of the bottle is completed, fig. 4 shows an enlarged partial cross-section through a portion 35 of FIG. 5, namely the area around the annular extrusion nozzle near the end of the combined extrusion and expansion; and FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial sectional view similar to FIG. 6, but showing the region of the annular extrusion nozzle after the formation of the bottle is completed.

I fig. 1 anbringes en slange 1 af polyethylentere-phthalat i et extrusionskammer 2, og et extrusionsstempel 15 aktiveres således, at det tvinger en del af det ikke--smeltede plastmateriale i slangen 1 gennem den ringformede extrusionsåbning 11 og ind i en ringformet rille 14 i enden af formhulheden 5. Formålet med dette første trin er at extrudere en ringformet vulst ud fra den termoplastiske slange 1. Det vil ses, at den første del af slangen 1, der forlader den ringformede extrusionsåbning 11 og træder ind i den ringformede rille 14, danner en bro eller et diaphragma omkring hele den øverste del af det ringformede mellemrum mellem ydersiden af extrusionscylinderen 3 og indersiden af formhulheden 5 og derved giver en tillukning. Extrusionen af slangen ind i rillen 14 gør det muligt i de derpå følgende trin at give extrudatet aksial spænding ved, at formen bevæges til strækning eller trækning af extrudatet.In FIG. 1, a hose 1 of polyethylene terephthalate is placed in an extrusion chamber 2 and an extrusion piston 15 is actuated to force a portion of the non-melted plastic material into the hose 1 through the annular extrusion opening 11 and into an annular groove 14 at the end. of the mold cavity 5. The purpose of this first step is to extrude an annular bead from the thermoplastic tube 1. It will be seen that the first portion of the tube 1 leaving the annular extrusion opening 11 and enters the annular groove 14 forms a bridge or diaphragm around the entire upper portion of the annular gap between the outside of the extrusion cylinder 3 and the inside of the mold cavity 5, thereby providing a closure. The extrusion of the hose into the groove 14 allows in the subsequent steps to give the extrudate axial tension by moving the mold to stretch or pull the extrudate.

Umiddelbart efter, at dannelsen af vulsten i formhulheden 5 er afsluttet, og samtidig med den fortsatte bevægelse af extrusionsstemplet 15 bevæges formen 6 med ensartet hastighed, og et fluidum såsom komprimeret luft eller væske fra en beholder presses ind i en fluidumpassage 8, ud af fluidumudgangsåbninger 9 og 10 og ind i den hulhed 16, som dannes af den udvendige overflade af dornen 7, det ex-truderede lukke ved den ringformede rille 14 og det formlegeme 17, som er extruderet gennem den ringformede extrusionsåbning 11 og udvidet af den komprimerede luft fra udgangsåbningerne 9 og 10. Dette er vist i fig. 3.Immediately after the formation of the bead in the mold cavity 5 is completed and at the same time as the continued movement of the extrusion piston 15, the mold 6 is moved at uniform speed and a fluid such as compressed air or liquid from a container is pressed into a fluid passage 8, out of fluid outlet openings. 9 and 10 and into the cavity 16 formed by the outer surface of the mandrel 7, the extruded closure at the annular groove 14 and the mold body 17 extruded through the annular extrusion opening 11 and expanded by the compressed air from the output openings 9 and 10. This is shown in FIG. Third

Herved vil, efterhånden som formen 16 bevæger sig i forhold til åbningen 11, den i den ringformede rille 14 13 143060 dannede vulst forankre den nyligt dannede flasketop til formen 6 og effektivt bevæge det friske extrudat forbi den komprimerede luft, der strømmer ud fra udgangsåbningerne 9 og 10, hvilket bevirker., at dette extrudat næsten øjeblikkeligt tvinges ind mod væggen af formhulheden 5, når det kommer frem fra åbningen 11.Hereby, as the mold 16 moves relative to the opening 11, the bead formed in the annular groove 14 will anchor the newly formed bottle top to the mold 6 and effectively move the fresh extrudate past the compressed air flowing out of the outlet openings 9 and 10, causing this extrudate to be forced almost immediately against the wall of the mold cavity 5 as it emerges from the opening 11.

Ved den for øjeblikket foretrukne metode fremstilles der en plastflaske med ikke-ensartet vægtykkelse, fordi extrusionshastigheden og formens hastighed holdes konstante, medens formen selv har varierende udformning. Det er imidlertid velkendt, at vægtykkelsen kan reguleres ved rigtig programmering af apparatet til opnåelse af enten en ensartet eller en ikke-ensartet tykkelse. Kendte metoder til programmering af vægtykkelsen omfatter variering af hastigheden for den glidende form eller variering af extrusionshastigheden for slangen.In the presently preferred method, a plastic bottle of non-uniform wall thickness is produced because the extrusion rate and the velocity of the mold are kept constant while the mold itself has varying shapes. However, it is well known that the wall thickness can be regulated by proper programming of the apparatus to obtain either a uniform or a non-uniform thickness. Known methods for programming the wall thickness include varying the speed of the sliding mold or varying the extrusion speed of the hose.

Det termoplastiske polymere materiale i den slange 1, som extruderes gennem den ringformede extrusionsåbning 11, bliver biaksialt orienteret delvist ved selve extrusions-operationen, medens den øvrige del af den ønskede biaksiale orientering for det extruderede formlegeme 17 sker, når ex-trudatet strækkes og udvides mod overfladen af formhulheden 5 i formen 6. Der ses en væsentlig formindskelse, f.eks. på op til 50% eller mere, af vægtykkelsen for extrudatet, efter at det er strakt og ekspanderet.The thermoplastic polymeric material in the tube 1 extruded through the annular extrusion opening 11 is biaxially oriented partially by the extrusion operation itself, while the other portion of the desired biaxial orientation of the extruded mold body 17 occurs as the extrudate is stretched and expanded. towards the surface of the mold cavity 5 in the mold 6. A substantial reduction is seen, e.g. up to 50% or more, of the wall thickness of the extrudate after it is stretched and expanded.

Slangen 1 fortsætter med at blive extruderet gennem den ringformede extrusionsåbning 11 af extrusionsstemplet 15, medens formen 6 bevæger sig mod sin anden stilling op over dornen 7. Den samlede virkning af extrusionen af slangen 1 og ekspansionen 16 resulterer i den ønskede form for den i fig. 3 viste flaske 18, men den har stadig en ulukket bunddel, som det bedst ses i fig. 4. Bunddelen af flasken 18 lukkes ved fjernelse af den understøttende midterstang 4, medens formen 6 standser, og extrusionsstemplet 15 fortsætter med at udøve en kraft på det resterende polymere materiale i extrus ionskammeret 2. Dette er vist i fig. 3 14 143060 med den færdigdannede flaske 19, som er i stærkt biaksialt orienteret tilstand.The hose 1 continues to be extruded through the annular extrusion opening 11 of the extrusion piston 15, while the mold 6 moves toward its second position above the mandrel 7. The overall effect of the extrusion of the hose 1 and the expansion 16 results in the desired shape of the . 3, but it still has a closed bottom portion as best seen in FIG. 4. The bottom portion of the bottle 18 is closed by removing the supporting center bar 4 while the mold 6 stops and the extrusion piston 15 continues to exert a force on the remaining polymeric material in the extrusion chamber 2. This is shown in FIG. 3 14 1460 with the finished bottle 19, which is in a strongly biaxially oriented state.

Fig. 4 og 5 viser mere detaljeret den foretrukne måde til bundlukning, hvor den delvise fjernelse af midterstangen 4 tillader polymert materiale i slangen under den fortsatte frempresning af extrusionsstemplet 15 at strømme indad og bevirke en lukning. Alternativt kan bunden lukkes på den måde, som er beskrevet i USA patentansøgning nr. 57.679 fra 23. juli 1970, hvor en friktionsvejset bundlukning af en plastflaske hidføres ved, at bunden af flasken i det område, der støder umiddelbart op til bundåbningen, bringes i berøring med et friktionslukkehoved til hævning af det termoplastiske materiales temperatur til ca. dets smeltepunkt, hvorefter det varme termoplastiske materiale indarbejdes i og indsvejses i bundåbningen, hvorpå den lukkede åbning bratkøles. Denne metode kan udføres, medens flasken stadig befinder sig i formen, eller som en særskilt operation, efter at flasken er fjernet fra formen.FIG. 4 and 5 show in more detail the preferred way of bottom closure, where the partial removal of the center bar 4 allows polymeric material in the tubing during the continued pressing of the extrusion piston 15 to flow inward and effect a closure. Alternatively, the bottom may be closed in the manner described in U.S. Patent Application No. 57,679 of July 23, 1970, wherein a friction welded bottom closure of a plastic bottle is effected by bringing the bottom of the bottle into the area adjacent to the bottom opening. contact with a friction closure head to raise the temperature of the thermoplastic material to approx. its melting point, after which the hot thermoplastic material is incorporated into and welded into the bottom orifice, whereupon the closed orifice is quenched. This method can be carried out while the bottle is still in the mold, or as a separate operation after the bottle is removed from the mold.

Fig. 5 viser stillingen af apparatets dele efter afslutningen af fremgangsmåden til dannelse af en hul genstand ud fra en hul slange. I fig. 5 er midterstangen 4 blevet fjernet, medens extrusionsstemplet 15 presser den resterende del af den termoplastiske slange 1 ind i det rum, der er blevet ledigt ved tilbagetrækning af stangen 4.FIG. 5 shows the position of the parts of the apparatus after the completion of the method of forming a hollow article from a hollow hose. In FIG. 5, the center rod 4 has been removed, while the extrusion piston 15 presses the remaining portion of the thermoplastic tube 1 into the space which has become vacant by retraction of the rod 4.

Efter dannelse af den termoplastiske flaske kan den varmebehandles efter kendte metoder til forøgelse af krys-tallinitetsgraden, hvorved der opnås en formindskelse af gassers evne til at gennemtrænge væggen og en forbedring af den dimensionelle stabilitet, hvilket er vigtigt, hvis genstanden anvendes til varme drikkevarer eller skal udsættes for høje temperaturer og tryk i en pasteuriseringsproces.After forming the thermoplastic bottle, it can be heat-treated according to known methods of increasing the degree of crystallinity, thereby reducing the ability of gases to penetrate the wall and improving dimensional stability, which is important if the article is used for hot drinks or must be exposed to high temperatures and pressures in a pasteurization process.

Varmebehandlingen udføres ved temperaturer på mellem ca. 140 og 220°C, og behandlingstiden er forholdsvis kort. Imidlertid er det almindeligvis ønskeligt at udføre varmebehandlingen over et tidsrum, der er tilstrækkeligt til i det færdige produkt at give en krystallinitetsgrad, der fortrins- 15 143060 vis er mindst ca. 30% og op til 50% eller mere, idet den maksimalt opnåelige krystallisation for polyethy1enterepht-halat er ca. 60%. Almindeligvis er særlig gode resultater blevet iagttaget, når dette varmebehandlingstrin udføres over et tidsrum på mellem ca. 0,1 og 600 sekunder. Den øvre grænse for denne behandling er ikke særlig kritisk, undtagen fra et økonomisk synspunkt, og en varighed af ^behandlingen på op til 100 minutter er mulig.The heat treatment is carried out at temperatures of between approx. 140 and 220 ° C and the treatment time is relatively short. However, it is generally desirable to carry out the heat treatment over a period of time sufficient to give in the finished product a degree of crystallinity which is preferably at least approx. 30% and up to 50% or more, with the maximum achievable crystallization for polyethylene terephthalate being approx. 60%. Generally, particularly good results have been observed when this heat treatment step is carried out over a period of between approx. 0.1 and 600 seconds. The upper limit of this treatment is not very critical, except from an economic point of view, and a duration of up to 100 minutes of treatment is possible.

Den termoplastiske slange, der anvendes til fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, er hul, men hermed er også, med mindre andet er angivet, ment en rørlignende slange med begge ender åbne såvel som en rørlignende slange med den ene ende åben og den anden lukket, dvs. en ‘'blind" slange, hvilken sidste anbringes således i extrusionscylinderen, at den lukkede ende vil danne flaskens bund. Den rørlignende slange med begge ender åbne kan anvendes sammen med apparatet omfattende en stationær midterstang eller en bevægelig midterstang, medens en "blind" slange kun kan anvendes sammen med apparatet indbefattende en bevægelig midterstang.The thermoplastic tube used for the method of the invention is hollow, but hereby, unless otherwise indicated, a tube-like tube with both ends is open as well as a tube-like tube with one end open and the other closed, i.e. a "blind" hose, the latter being positioned in the extrusion cylinder such that the closed end will form the bottom of the bottle. The tube-like hose with both ends open can be used with the apparatus comprising a stationary center bar or movable center bar, while a "blind" hose can only be used with the apparatus including a movable center bar.

Slangen fremstilles fortrinsvis ved sædvanlige ex-trusions- eller injektionsstøbemetoder ud fra termoplastiske materialer, der kan bibringes forøget styrke eller forstærkning ved biaksial orientering. Slangen selv kan før anvendelsen være biaksialt orienteret eller uorienteret. Hvis der anvendes en orienteret slange, vil den yderligere orientering, der sker ved extrusion, trækningen og ekspansionen af den extruderede slange, give en additiv effekt. Desuden bør slangen være praktisk taget amorf med en krystallinitet på ikke mere end ca. 5%, og den bør være klar, da dette vil resultere i en klar færdig flaske. Hvis det imidlertid ønskes, at flasken skal være farvet, kan et farvende middel såsom et farvestof sættes til den slangedannende polymere.The hose is preferably manufactured by conventional extrusion or injection molding methods from thermoplastic materials which can be imparted to increased strength or reinforcement by biaxial orientation. The hose itself may be biaxially oriented or unoriented prior to use. If an oriented hose is used, the additional orientation that occurs during extrusion, drawing and expansion of the extruded hose will give an additive effect. In addition, the tube should be practically amorphous with a crystallinity of no more than ca. 5% and it should be ready as this will result in a clear finished bottle. However, if it is desired for the bottle to be colored, a coloring agent such as a dye may be added to the tubular polymer.

Dimensionerne af den slange, der skal anvendes, bestemmes af mange faktorer, indbefattende den ønskede tykkelse og den ønskede orienteringsgrad. Typisk er slangen hul, og de radiale dimensioner er lidt mindre end for halsen af 16 143060 den flaske, der skal fremstilles som det fremgår af tegningen. Den aksiale længde af slangen er lidt kortere end dimensionen mellem toppen og bundmidten, målt langs ydersiden af den flaske, der skal fremstilles. Til forbedring af flaskens dimensionelle stabilitet, især de radiale dimensioner af flaskehalsen, dannes slangen først med radiale dimensioner af væsentlig overstørrelse, hvorpå den bratkøles til en temperatur under det krystallinske smeltepunkt for polymeren og derefter presses gennem et tykkelsesformindskende mundstykke, der er lidt mindre end de ønskede radiale dimensioner for flaskehalsen som vist på tegningen. Til yderligere forbedring af den dimensionelle stabilitet kan slangen sammenpresses i et kammer, der opretholder den samme udvendige diameter med en tilspidset dorn i midten af kompressionskammeret, hvilket vil resultere i en meget kort slange med en udvendig diameter, der har en lidt mindre størrelse som den udvendige diameter af flaskehalsen, og en indvendig diameter på praktisk taget 0, hvilket vil resultere i et meget smalt hulrum af ca. samme størrelse som et knappenålshul, der løber gennem midten af slangen. Sammenpressede slanger anvendes i det ovenfor beskrevne apparat uden tilstedeværelse af midterstangen eller med denne trukket fuldt tilbage.The dimensions of the tubing to be used are determined by many factors, including the desired thickness and degree of orientation. Typically, the tube is hollow, and the radial dimensions are slightly smaller than that of the neck of the bottle to be made as shown in the drawing. The axial length of the hose is slightly shorter than the dimension between the top and bottom center, measured along the outside of the bottle to be manufactured. To improve the dimensional stability of the bottle, especially the radial dimensions of the bottle neck, the hose is first formed with radial dimensions of substantial oversize, then quenched to a temperature below the crystalline melting point of the polymer and then pressed through a thickness-reducing nozzle slightly smaller than those of the bottle. desired radial dimensions for the bottleneck as shown in the drawing. To further improve dimensional stability, the tube may be compressed into a chamber which maintains the same outside diameter with a tapered mandrel in the center of the compression chamber, which will result in a very short tube with an outside diameter having a slightly smaller size than the one. outside diameter of the bottleneck, and an inside diameter of practically 0, which will result in a very narrow cavity of approx. the same size as a pinhole that runs through the center of the hose. Compressed hoses are used in the apparatus described above without the presence of the center bar or with this fully retracted.

Grunden til, at det anvendte materiale er polyethylen-terephthalat, er, at det efter orientering udviser fremragende styrke, krybningsresistens og lav gennemtrængningsfaktor, især med hensyn til carbondioxid, oxygen og vanddamp, hvilket gør det fremragende egnet til beholdere for under tryk aftappede væsker såsom sodavand, øl eller aerosoler. Det er fordelagtigt at gå ud fra praktisk taget amorft materiale, dvs. en krystallinitet på ikke mere end 5%, til opnåelse af en klar flaske. Anvendelige polyethylenterepht-halat-polymere har et logaritmisk viskositetstal på mindst 0,55, målt for en polymer-koncentration på 1% i en 37,5/62,5 vægt%'s opløsning af tetrachlorethan/phenol ved 30°c. Fortrinsvis er viskositetstallet mindst 0,7, fordi der herved 17 143060 vil fås en flaske med betydeligt forbedrede sejhedsegen-skaber, f.eks. forøget slagresistens.The reason why the material used is polyethylene terephthalate is that, by orientation, it exhibits excellent strength, creep resistance and low penetration factor, especially with respect to carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor, making it excellent for containers for pressurized liquids such as sodas, beer or aerosols. It is advantageous to assume practically amorphous material, ie. a crystallinity of not more than 5%, to obtain a clear bottle. Applicable polyethylene terephthalate polymers have a logarithmic viscosity number of at least 0.55, measured for a polymer concentration of 1% in a 37.5 / 62.5 wt% solution of tetrachloroethane / phenol at 30 ° C. Preferably, the viscosity number is at least 0.7, thereby providing a bottle with significantly improved toughness properties, e.g. increased impact resistance.

Slagresistensen måles ved, at man lader en slange falde ned på et betongulv fra forskellige højjder. Ved en faldprøve udført på 15 cm lange slanger af amorft polyeth-ylenterephthalat med en egenviskositet på ca. 1,1, hvor der anvendtes tre slanger til prøvning med en gennemsnitlig vægtykkelse på ca. 3,5, 2,3 og 2,4 mm og en vægt på henholdsvis 27,8 g, 21,2 g og 21,6 g, modstod hver slange to fald fra en højde på 0,3, 0,6, 1,5 og 2,40 m uden nogen synlig beskadigelse af slangen, og desuden modstod hver slange slaget af en vægt på 2,27 kg, der faldt to gange ned på slangen fra en højde på 0,3 m.Impact resistance is measured by dropping a hose onto a concrete floor from different heights. In a drop test carried out on 15 cm long tubes of amorphous polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of approx. 1.1 where three tubes were used for testing with an average wall thickness of approx. 3.5, 2.3 and 2.4 mm and weighing 27.8 g, 21.2 g and 21.6 g respectively, each hose withstood two falls from a height of 0.3, 0.6, 1 , 5 and 2.40 m without any visible damage to the hose, and in addition, each hose withstood the weight of 2.27 kg, which fell twice on the hose from a height of 0.3 m.

Flasker med laminerede vægge kan fremstilles ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen ved anvendelse af en hul cylinderslange med laminat-vægge, som kan fås ved coaksial laminering af to eller flere slanger af ens eller forskellige materialer. Eksempler på i praksis anvendelige kombinationer er polyethylenterephthalat på indersiden coaksialt lamineret til polyvinylidenchlorid-copolymer eller hydrolyseret ethy-lenvinylacetat-copolymer på ydersiden. Slanger af flere polymermaterialer kan ekstruderes samtidigt i to eller flere lag, dvs. fortrinsvis i tre lag, med den yderligere polymere indlagt mellem polymer-basis- eller -flaskedannelseslagene. Ved anvendelse af en sådan slange er det muligt at fremstille flasker af basisharpikser med et udvalgt laminat, der kan anvendes som (1) gasspærrer, (2) farvende lag eller (3) degraderingskatalysator.Bottles with laminated walls can be made by the method of the invention using a hollow cylinder tube with laminate walls which can be obtained by coaxial lamination of two or more tubes of identical or different materials. Examples of practically useful combinations are polyethylene terephthalate on the inside coaxially laminated to polyvinylidene chloride copolymer or hydrolyzed ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer on the outside. Hoses of multiple polymeric materials can be extruded simultaneously in two or more layers, viz. preferably in three layers, with the additional polymer interposed between the polymer base or bottle formation layers. Using such a hose, it is possible to produce bottles of base resins with a selected laminate that can be used as (1) gas barriers, (2) staining layers, or (3) degradation catalyst.

Den ekstruderede slange må have en temperatur inden for området for biaksial orientering, dvs. det temperatur-område for den anvendte polymere, hvor der kan ske en orientering uden linietrækning. Den under ekstrusionen dannede varme er almindeligvis tilstrækkelig til dette formål, således at slangen kan ekstruderes ved stuetemperatur, men orienteringstemperaturområdet varierer fra polymer til polymer, afhængende af sådanne faktorer som krystallinitet og glas- 18 143060 overgangstemperaturen for den polymere, og hvis orienteringsområdet for polymeren er så højt, at ekstrusionsvarmen ikke er tilstrækkelig til at hæve polymerens temperatur til orienteringsområdet, kan slangen forvarmes før ekstrusionen.The extruded tube must have a temperature within the range of biaxial orientation, i.e. the temperature range of the polymer used, in which a non-line orientation can occur. The heat generated during the extrusion is generally sufficient for this purpose so that the tubing can be extruded at room temperature, but the orientation temperature range varies from polymer to polymer depending on such factors as crystallinity and the glass transition temperature of the polymer and if the orientation region of the polymer is so high that the extrusion heat is not sufficient to raise the polymer temperature to the orientation region, the hose can be preheated before the extrusion.

Den dannede plastflaske er biaksialt orienteret og vil have fysiske egenskaber i overensstemmelse med den anvendte type slange.The plastic bottle formed is biaxially oriented and will have physical properties according to the type of hose used.

De følgende eksempler skal tjene til nærmere illustrering af opfindelsen.The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention.

Eksempel 1Example 1

Af en polyethylenterephthalat-polymer med et logaritmisk viskositetstal på ca. 0,96 fremstilles en hul, cylindrisk, amorf, formet slange, der har en længde på 11,4 cm, en udvendig diameter (u.d.) på 1,73 cm og en indvendig diameter (i.d.) på 0,95 cm, og som vejer ca. 22,6 g. Denne slange forvarmes til ca. 92°C og ekstruderes gennem en åbning "T" på ca. 0,84 mm ved en cylindertemperatur på ca. 85eC i det ovenfor beskrevne apparat. Hastigheden for ekstrusions-stemplet 15 er ca. 9,1 cm/sek., og hastigheden for formen 6 er ca. 13,0 cm/sek. Luft med et overtryk på ca. 17,85 kg/cm2 indføres gennem åbningerne 9 og 10, og den indvendige diameter for formen er ca. 6,4 cm.Of a polyethylene terephthalate polymer having a logarithmic viscosity number of approx. 0.96, a hollow, cylindrical, amorphous shaped tube having a length of 11.4 cm, an outside diameter (out) of 1.73 cm and an inside diameter (id) of 0.95 cm is produced, and weighs approx. 22.6 g. This hose is preheated to approx. 92 ° C and extruded through an opening "T" of approx. 0.84 mm at a cylinder temperature of approx. 85 ° C in the apparatus described above. The speed of the extrusion piston 15 is approx. 9.1 cm / sec and the speed of the mold 6 is approx. 13.0 cm / sec. Air with an overpressure of approx. 17.85 kg / cm 2 is inserted through the openings 9 and 10 and the internal diameter of the mold is approx. 6.4 cm.

Der fremstilles en flaske med en vægtykkelse på ca. 0,30 mm, og dens aksiale trækstyrke er ca. 1.155 kg/cm2, medens den perifere trækstyrke er ca. 1.869 kg/cm2.A bottle with a wall thickness of approx. 0.30 mm and its axial tensile strength is approx. 1,155 kg / cm 2, while the peripheral tensile strength is approx. 1.869 kg / cm2.

Eksempel 2Example 2

Eksempel 1 gentages med følgende data.Example 1 is repeated with the following data.

1,01.0

16.5 cm 17,3 mm 12,1 mm 23.5 g 100eC16.5 cm 17.3 mm 12.1 mm 23.5 g 100eC

Viskositetstal, log Slangelængde Slangediameter, udvendig Slangediameter, indvendig Slangevægt Forvarmningstemp.Viscosity number, log Hose length Hose diameter, outside Hose diameter, inside Hose weight Preheating temp.

19 14306019 143060

Cylindertemp, Åbning "T" Stempelhastighed Formhastighed Lufttryk Trækstyrke, aksial Trækstyrke, perifer Vægtykkelse 90-100°C 0,89 mm 12.7 cm/sek. 14.7 cm/sek. 245 kg/cm2 2 560 kg/cm^ 2.121 'kg/cm2 0,43 mmCylinder temp. Opening "T" Piston speed Shape speed Air pressure Tensile strength, axial Tensile strength, peripheral Wall thickness 90-100 ° C 0.89 mm 12.7 cm / sec. 14.7 cm / sec. 245 kg / cm 2 2,560 kg / cm 2 2.121 kg / cm 2 0.43 mm

Eksempel 3Example 3

En plastflaske fremstilles på samme måde som i eksempel 1 ved ekstrudering og blæsestøbning af en hul cylindrisk formet slange, der har en længde på 11,4 cm, en udvendig diameter på 17,3 mm og en indvendig diameter på 9,5· mm, og som vejer ca. 22,6 g. Slangen fremstilles ud fra et poly-ethylenterephthalat med et logaritmisk viskositetstal på 0,91, og slangen har en massefylde ved den udvendige overflade på 1,332 og ved den indvendige overflade på 1,334, samt en krystallinitet på ca. 5%.A plastic bottle is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 by extrusion and blow molding a hollow cylindrical shaped tube having a length of 11.4 cm, an outside diameter of 17.3 mm and an inside diameter of 9.5 · mm. and weighing approx. 22.6 g. The tube is prepared from a polyethylene terephthalate having a logarithmic viscosity number of 0.91, and the tube has a density at the outer surface of 1.332 and at the inner surface of 1.334, and a crystallinity of approx. 5%.

Den således fremstillede flaske udviser følgende egenskaber: I Massefylde oa krystallinitet for polymer fra forskellige steder på flaskenThe bottle thus produced exhibits the following properties: In density and crystallinity of polymer from different locations on the bottle

Masse-Lot-

Krystal linitet fyldeCrystal lineage fullness

Halsen Det øverste af cylinderdelen Midten af cylinderdelen Det nederste af cylinderdelen Flaskebunden 1.332 1,345 1,356 '1,361 1.332 0 6 17 22 0 20143060The neck The upper part of the cylinder part The middle of the cylinder part The bottom of the cylinder part Bottle bottom 1,332 1,345 1,356 '1,361 1,332 0 6 17 22 0 20143060

II Stvrkeecrenskaber (den rette cvlinderdeHII Strength Properties (The Right CvlinderdeH

Trækstyrke, kg/cm2 Forlængelse, % Trækmodul, kg/cm2 Flydespænding, kg/cm2Tensile strength, kg / cm2 Extension,% Tensile modulus, kg / cm2 Flow stress, kg / cm2

Aksialt Perifert 546 1.666 59 17 17.220 47.810 532 700 III Biaksial orientering Røntgenstråleorienteringsvinkler efter de artikler, der tidligere er henvist til 20 Θ spids Rotationsretning Orienterings Spids x(chi) <p(phi) vinkel max. 17,0 Plan vinkelret på strålen 83 (aksial) 0°X Plan parallel med strålen Scan 90 52 (perif.) 0°X 0 Scan 66 (perif.) 0°X 27,0 Plan vinkelret på strålen Scan 0 — — Plan parallel med strålen Scan 90 32 (perif.) 5 °X 0 Scan 40 (perif.) 87 °0Axial Peripheral 546 1,666 59 17 17,220 47,810 532 700 III Biaxial Orientation X-ray orientation angles according to the articles previously referred to 20 Θ tip Rotational direction Orientation Tip x (chi) <p (phi) angle max. 17.0 Plan perpendicular to beam 83 (axial) 0 ° X Plan parallel to beam Scan 90 52 (peripheral) 0 ° X 0 Scan 66 (peripheral) 0 ° X 27.0 Plan perpendicular to beam Scan 0 - - Plan parallel to the beam Scan 90 32 (peripheral) 5 ° X 0 Scan 40 (peripheral) 87 ° 0

Af de ovenfor anførte røntgenstråleorienteringsvinkler og styrkeegenskaber ses det, at flasken udviser et effektivt strækningsforhold på ca. 3,5 gange i periferiretningen og ca. 1,25 gange i aksialretningen.From the above X-ray orientation angles and strength properties, it is seen that the bottle exhibits an effective stretching ratio of approx. 3.5 times in the circumferential direction and approx. 1.25 times in the axial direction.

IV Gennemtrænaeliqhed fden rette cvlinderdell Vægtykkelse 0,46 mmIV Permeability of the right cylindrical part Wall thickness 0.46 mm

Vandtab 0,6 mg/time (Flasken fyldt med vand og opbevaret ved en relativ fugtighed på 17,5% og 25°C i 13 døgn) 21143060 1/5 cm3/døgn (s tandard temperatur og -tryk)Water loss 0.6 mg / hour (Bottle filled with water and stored at a relative humidity of 17.5% and 25 ° C for 13 days) 21143060 1/5 cm3 / day (s tandard temperature and pressure)

Carbondioxidtab (Flasken sat under tryk med carbondioxid til et overtryk på 2,8 kg/cm2 ved 25“C. Flasken vi- 5 ste ingen permanent deformation) V KrvbnincrCarbon dioxide loss (The bottle is pressurized with carbon dioxide to an excess pressure of 2.8 kg / cm2 at 25 ° C. The bottle shows no permanent deformation) V Requirements

Omkredsstrimler fra den rette cylinderdel af en ofret flaske modstår ved 50°c en perifer trækspænding på 350 kg/cm2 10 med en krybning på 100 timer af en værdi på mindre end 2% og en langtidskrybning på 90 døgn på mindre end 5%, hvilket svarer til en deformationskonstant på ca. 1,5.Circumference strips from the right cylinder portion of a sacrificed bottle withstand a peripheral tensile stress of 350 kg / cm2 at 50 ° C with a creep of 100 hours of value less than 2% and a long-term creep of 90 days of less than 5%, which corresponds to a deformation constant of approx. 1.5.

Claims (2)

143060 Patentkrav. l. Plastflaske til væsker under gastryk og praktisk taget modstandsdygtig mod deformation forårsaget af tryk og mod gennemtrængen af væsker og gasser, hvilken flaske i upig-menteret tilstand er transparent eller praktisk taget transparent og er fremstillet af ethylenterephthalat-polymer eller -copolymer med en glasovergangstemperatur på mindst 50°C, kendetegnet ved, at flaskematerialet har et logaritmisk viskositetstal på mindst 0,55 dl/g (bestemt på en 1%'s opløsning af polymeren i en blanding af 37,5 vægtprocent tetrachlorethan og 62,5 vægtprocent phenol ved 30°C), og at væggen af flaskens i hovedsagen cylindriske del er biaksialt orienteret ved strækning af et amorft eller i det væsentlige amorft materiale svarende til et strækforhold på højst 4 gange i aksialretningen og på 2,5-7 gange i periferiretningen, således at denne vægs materiale har en krystallinitet på mindst 15%, idet flaskens halsdel består af praktisk taget uorienteret amorft materiale, og flaskens bund er mindre eller lige så kraftigt orienteret som den cylindriske del, idet flasken er opblæst til en tyndvægget flaske i et sådant omfang, at forholdet mellem flaskens vægt i gram og dens rumindhold i ml er fra 0,005-0,2:1, og de mindre orienterede deles vægtykkelse er større end de kraftigere orienterede deles, idet flaskens cylindriske del har en vægtykkelse fra 0,25 til 0,76 mm, en trækbrudstyrke i aksialretningen på 350-2110 kg/cm2, en trækbrudstyrke i periferiretningen på 1400-5625 kg/cm2, en aksial flydespænding på mindst 280 kg/cm2, en perifer flydespænding på mindst 490 kg/cm2 og en deformationskonstant defineret ved udtrykket d log (dt/dø) DC = - >0,65 dø hvor DC = deformationskonstanten, dt = tidsdifferentialet, og dø = spændingsdifferentialet. 143060143060 Patent Claims. 1. Plastic bottle for liquids under gas pressure and practically resistant to deformation caused by pressure and to the penetration of liquids and gases, which bottle in the unpigmented state is transparent or practically transparent and is made of ethylene terephthalate polymer or copolymer with a glass transition temperature at least 50 ° C, characterized in that the bottle material has a logarithmic viscosity number of at least 0.55 dl / g (determined on a 1% solution of the polymer in a mixture of 37.5% by weight tetrachloroethane and 62.5% by weight phenol at 30 ° C) and the wall of the substantially cylindrical portion of the bottle is biaxially oriented by stretching an amorphous or substantially amorphous material corresponding to a tensile ratio of at most 4 times in the axial direction and 2.5-7 times in the circumferential direction, thus that the material of this wall has a crystallinity of at least 15%, the neck portion of the bottle consisting of substantially unoriented amorphous material, and bottle n's bottom is less or as strongly oriented as the cylindrical portion, the bottle being inflated to a thin-walled bottle such that the ratio of the bottle's weight in grams to its volume content in ml is from 0.005 to 0.2: 1, and the wall thickness of the less oriented parts is greater than the more strongly oriented parts, the cylindrical portion of the bottle having a wall thickness from 0.25 to 0.76 mm, a tensile strength in the axial direction of 350-2110 kg / cm2, a tensile strength in the circumferential direction of 1400-5625 kg / cm2, an axial flow stress of at least 280 kg / cm2, a peripheral flow stress of at least 490 kg / cm2, and a deformation constant defined by the term d log (dt / die) DC = -> 0.65 die where DC = the deformation constant, dt = the time differential, and die = the voltage differential. 143060 2. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en tyndvægget plastflaske som angivet i krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at et hult præformet emne af eventuelt pigmenteret, amorf eller i hovedsagen amorf ethylenterephthalat-polymer 5 eller -copolymer med en glasovergangstemperatur på mindst 50°C og et logaritmisk viskositetstal på mindst 0,55 dl/g strækkes biaksialt i en til dannelse af en flaske udformet form ved en temperatur på 80-130*0, således at den hovedpart af sidevæggene i det præformede emne, der kommer til at 10 udgøre flaskens almindeligvis cylindriske del, strækkes højst 4 gange i aksialretningen og 2,5-7 gange i periferiretningen til dannelse af en flaske med et forhold mellem vægten i gram og rumfanget i ml, der ligger mellem 0,005:1 og 0,2:1, og en krystallinitet på mindst 15%.Process for producing a thin-walled plastic bottle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a hollow preformed blank of any pigmented, amorphous or substantially amorphous ethylene terephthalate polymer 5 or copolymer having a glass transition temperature of at least 50 ° C and a logarithmic viscosity numbers of at least 0.55 dl / g are stretched biaxially in a bottle-shaped mold at a temperature of 80-130 ° 0, so that the majority of the side walls of the preformed blanket are generally cylindrical in the bottle. part, is stretched a maximum of 4 times in the axial direction and 2.5-7 times in the circumferential direction to form a bottle having a weight ratio in grams to the volume in ml of between 0.005: 1 and 0.2: 1 and a crystallinity of at least 15%.
DK639470AA 1969-12-17 1970-12-16 Plastic bottle for liquids under gas pressure and practically resistant to deformation caused by pressure and to the penetration of gases and liquids, as well as to its process DK143060C (en)

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DE2062283B2 (en) 1973-10-11
CH584144A5 (en) 1977-01-31
JPS5750178B1 (en) 1982-10-26
NL7018361A (en) 1971-06-21
DK143060B (en) 1981-03-23
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