DE292865C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE292865C DE292865C DENDAT292865D DE292865DA DE292865C DE 292865 C DE292865 C DE 292865C DE NDAT292865 D DENDAT292865 D DE NDAT292865D DE 292865D A DE292865D A DE 292865DA DE 292865 C DE292865 C DE 292865C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- cathode
- potassium
- solution
- glyoxylate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glyoxalate, Glyoxylate Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N Mesotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium tartrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229940111695 Potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001427 calcium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011035 calcium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000016693 dipotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009754 grape Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012333 grape Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WOTCTOFEBNHWND-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;oxaldehydate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C=O WOTCTOFEBNHWND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000530268 Lycaena heteronea Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010064291 Maladministrations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000003085 Quassia amara Species 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O Chemical class [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHES [M IMPERIAL [M
PATENTAMT,PATENT OFFICE,
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Darstellung von Dioxybernsteinsäure, d. h. der verschiedenen isomeren Weinsäuren, welches darauf beruht, daß Glyoxylsäure bzw. ein S Glyoxylat in nichtsaurer Lösung durch Elektrolyse reduziert wird.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of dioxysuccinic acid, d. H. of the various isomeric tartaric acids, which is based on the fact that glyoxylic acid or a S glyoxylate is reduced by electrolysis in a non-acidic solution.
: - Zur Ausführung des Verfahrens dient beispielsweise eine Einrichtung, wie sie in der ' beiliegenden Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt ίο ist. .: - A device such as that described in the 'The accompanying drawing is shown schematically ίο. .
In dieser bedeutet A .einen Behälter aus nichtleitendem Material, z. B. Holz. B bedeutet die mit Durchlochungen B' versehene Kathode. C ist der Kathodenanschluß. Als Kathoden dienen Elektroden aus Kupfer, Gold, Platin, Nickel, Silber, Eisen oder Kohle. D bedeutet die Anode und E den Anodenanschluß. Die Anode wird auseinem Material gewählt, das unter den Versuchsbedingungen nichtIn this, A means a container made of non-conductive material, e.g. B. wood. B means the cathode provided with perforations B '. C is the cathode connection. Electrodes made of copper, gold, platinum, nickel, silver, iron or carbon serve as cathodes. D means the anode and E the anode connection. The anode is chosen from a material that does not work under the experimental conditions
so leicht angegriffen wird, z. B. aus Platin. F bedeutet ein poröses Diaphragma und trennt den Kathodenraum vom Anodenraum.so easily attacked, e.g. B. made of platinum. F means a porous diaphragm and separates the cathode compartment from the anode compartment.
Bei der Ausführung des Verfahrens ist es angezeigt, darauf zu achten, daß die Kathoden-When performing the procedure it is indicated to ensure that the cathode
*S oberfläche rein und glänzend bleibt. Ferner werden zweckmäßig verhältnismäßig verdünnte Glyoxylatlösungen zur Reduktion verwendet, deren Konzentration etwa .10 bis 20 Prozent beträgt. Eine stärkere als 20 prozentige Losung zu verwenden, ist unvorteilhaft, weil der Strom zu viel Glyoxylsäure in den Anodenraum überführt, wo sie zerstört wird. Um diesen Mißstand zu beseitigen, ist es vorteilhaft, in die ein Glyoxylat enthaltende Kathodenflüssigkeit eine bestimmte Menge eines besser leitenden Elektrolyten zu bringen, wie * The surface remains clean and shiny. Furthermore, relatively dilute glyoxylate solutions are expediently used for the reduction, the concentration of which is about 10 to 20 percent. Using a stronger than 20 percent solution is disadvantageous because the current transfers too much glyoxylic acid into the anode compartment, where it is destroyed. To eliminate this maladministration, it is advantageous, in which a cathode glyoxylate containing liquid a certain amount to bring a better conductive electrolyte, such as
z. B. Kaliumsulfat oder Kaliumchlorid oder ein anderes Alkalimetallsalz, Dadurch wird die Zahl der in den Anodenraum wandernden Glyoxylsäureionen verringert, indem das Kaliumsulfat ein besserer Leiter ist als das Glyoxylat. Die Temperatur der Lösung ist während der Elektrolyse auf Temperaturen zwischen io° und 400 C zu halten. Höhere Temperaturen wie 400 C sind zu vermeiden, ebenso ist es aber auch nicht angängig, die Temperatur unter io° C fallen zulassen. Die vorteilhafteste Temperatur ist 20 bis 250 C. Gleichzeitig ist die Kathodenflüssigkeit auf passende Art zu rühren, z. B. durch ein Rührwerk, oder indem man die Kathode selbst als Rührer gebraucht oder indem man die Flüssigkeit zirkulieren läßt. Das Rühren verhindert die Bildung von weitergehenden Reduktionsprodukten und eine dadurch entstehende niecl- rigere Ausbeute an Tartrat.z. B. potassium sulfate or potassium chloride or another alkali metal salt, This reduces the number of glyoxylic acid ions migrating into the anode compartment, as the potassium sulfate is a better conductor than the glyoxylate. The temperature of the solution must be maintained during the electrolysis at temperatures between io ° and 40 0 C. Higher temperatures such as 40 0 C should be avoided, as it is also not feasible, allow the temperature to io ° C fall. The most advantageous temperature is 20 to 25 ° C. At the same time, the catholyte should be stirred in a suitable manner, e.g. B. by a stirrer, or by using the cathode itself as a stirrer or by allowing the liquid to circulate. Stirring prevents the formation of further reduction products and the resulting lower tartrate yield.
Wenn man unlösliche Kathoden verwendet, wie z.B. Gold usw., so kann man die Glyoxylatlösung in neutralem oder sogar saurem ZuA. stand (die Säure wird gegebenenfalls bald neu-. tralisiert durch das entstehende Alkali) behandeln, ohne die Leitfähigkeit der Kathode zu beeinträchtigen. Werden lösliche Kathoden gebraucht, wie z. B. Kupferkathoden, dann ist es vorteilhaft, mit alkalischem Elektrolyt anziifangen und denselben während der Dauer der Reduktion so zu erhalten. In jedem Falle muß die Reduktion selbst in einem nichtsauren Medium erfolgen.If you use insoluble cathodes, such as gold, etc., you can use the glyoxylate solution in neutral or even acidic ZuA. stood (the acid may soon be new. neutralized by the resulting alkali) without affecting the conductivity of the cathode affect. Are soluble cathodes needed, such as. B. copper cathodes, then is it is beneficial to start with alkaline electrolyte and to keep the same for the duration of the reduction. In any case, must the reduction itself take place in a non-acidic medium.
Die Stromdichte an der Kathode ist vorteil-· haft in bestimmten Grenzen zu halten, dieselbe kann jedoch gesteigert Werden, wenn man fürIt is advantageous to keep the current density at the cathode within certain limits however, it can be increased if one looks for
Claims (1)
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DE292865C true DE292865C (en) |
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