DE102012213595A1 - Process for the production of porous carbon - Google Patents
Process for the production of porous carbon Download PDFInfo
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- DE102012213595A1 DE102012213595A1 DE201210213595 DE102012213595A DE102012213595A1 DE 102012213595 A1 DE102012213595 A1 DE 102012213595A1 DE 201210213595 DE201210213595 DE 201210213595 DE 102012213595 A DE102012213595 A DE 102012213595A DE 102012213595 A1 DE102012213595 A1 DE 102012213595A1
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- porous carbon
- carbon
- halogen gas
- nanoparticles
- pore
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Abstract
Die Erfindung stellt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff durch Einbetten von anorganischen Nanopartikeln in eine kohlenstoffhaltige Matrix und anschließende Umsetzung mit einem Halogengas bereit. Durch die Größe der verwendeten Nanopartikel erlaubt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vorteilhaft eine präzise Kontrolle der Porengröße sowie der Porengößenverteilung der resultierenden Kohlenstoffmaterialien. Der mit dem Verfahren hergestellte poröse Kohlenstoff enthält vorteilhaft Mikroporen und bevorzugt Mesoporen definierter Größe und findet Anwendung in der Chemie, Medizin und Elektrotechnik und eignet sich insbesondere als Adsorbens, Filtrations- und als Elektrodenmaterial, z. B. in Lithiumbatterien.The invention provides a method for producing porous carbon by embedding inorganic nanoparticles in a carbon-containing matrix and then reacting them with a halogen gas. Due to the size of the nanoparticles used, the method according to the invention advantageously allows precise control of the pore size and the pore size distribution of the resulting carbon materials. The porous carbon produced by the process advantageously contains micropores and preferably mesopores of a defined size and is used in chemistry, medicine and electrical engineering and is particularly suitable as an adsorbent, filtration material and as an electrode material, e.g. B. in lithium batteries.
Description
Die Erfindung stellt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff bereit. Der mit dem Verfahren hergestellte poröse Kohlenstoff findet Anwendung in der Chemie, Medizin und Elektrotechnik und eignet sich insbesondere als Adsorbens, Filtrations- und als Elektrodenmaterial, z. B. in Lithium Ionen-Batterien.The invention provides a process for producing porous carbon. The porous carbon produced by the method finds application in chemistry, medicine and electrical engineering and is particularly suitable as an adsorbent, filtration and electrode material, for. B. in lithium ion batteries.
Poröse Kohlenstoffe oder Aktivkohlen sind bedeutende Materialien für die Reinigung von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten. Sie kommen als Adsorbentien in medizinischen Applikationen sowie als Elektrodenmaterialien in der Batterieforschung vor. In all diesen Bereichen ist oft eine präzise Steuerung der Porengröße notwendig, die optimal auf das zu filternde oder adsorbierende Substrat angepasst ist. Kommerziell erhältliche Aktivkohlen zeigen überwiegend nur sehr kleine Poren (Mikroporen; Porendurchmesser < 2nm) und sind somit nur für die Filtration ebenfalls sehr kleiner Materien dienlich. Größere Substanzen (Proteine etc.) können bisher nur unzureichend abgefiltert werden. Porous carbons or activated carbons are important materials for the purification of gases and liquids. They are used as adsorbents in medical applications and as electrode materials in battery research. In all these areas, precise control of the pore size is often necessary, which is optimally adapted to the substrate to be filtered or adsorbed. Commercially available activated carbons show predominantly only very small pores (micropores, pore diameter <2 nm) and are therefore only useful for the filtration of very small matter. Larger substances (proteins, etc.) can only be adequately filtered off.
Nach dem Stand der Technik werden poröse Kohlenstoffmaterialien hauptsächlich über die Verkokung und anschließender Aktivierung (mit H2O, CO2, Luft, KOH etc.) von Kohlenstoffvorläufern (Polymere, Moos, Pilze, Holz etc.) hergestellt. Die über diese klassische Aktivierung gewonnenen Materialien weisen allerdings vergleichsweise breite Porenradienverteilungen auf, wodurch sie für größenselektive Anwendungen wenig geeignet sind. Ein anderes Verfahren stellt die Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff aus Carbiden (sogenanntem „Carbid derived Carbon – (CDC)“ dar (s. z. B.
Die Methoden der klassischen Aktivierung und der Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff aus Carbiden sind prinzipiell ungeeignet um größeneinheitliche Mesoporen zu generieren. The methods of classical activation and the production of porous carbon from carbides are in principle unsuitable for generating mesopores of uniform size.
Dafür geeignet sind allerdings Harttemplatverfahren die jedoch sehr aufwendige und teure Synthesen oxidischer Template und deren Auflösung unter harschen Bedingungen notwendig machen.However, hard templating methods are suitable for this, but they require very complex and expensive syntheses of oxidic templates and their dissolution under harsh conditions.
Materialien mit engen Mesoporenradienverteilungen werden derzeit über templatbasierte Methoden hergestellt. So können oxidische Template (SiO2) mit Kohlenstoffvorläufern (z. B. Saccharose oder Furfurylalkohol) infiltriert werden und nach Verkokung unter inerten Bedingungen sowie Auflösen des SiO2 mittles Flusssäure oder Natriumhydroxid Materialien mit größeneinheitlichen Mesoporen erhalten werden (
Aus der Patentliteratur sind einige Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff bekannt:
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Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff anzugeben, welches es erlaubt, das Porenvolumen möglichst definiert einzustellen und welches in einer geringen Größenverteilung der Poren resultiert.The object of the invention is to provide a method for the production of porous carbon, which allows to set the pore volume as defined as possible and which results in a small size distribution of the pores.
Erfindungsgemäß gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines porösen Kohlenstoffmaterials durch Einbetten von anorganischen Nanopartikeln in eine kohlenstoffhaltige Matrix und anschließende Umsetzung mit einem Halogengas X2.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a method for producing a porous carbon material by embedding inorganic nanoparticles in a carbon-containing matrix and subsequent reaction with a halogen gas X 2 .
Die anorganischen Nanopartikel sind bevorzugt Metalloxid- oder Halbmetalloxid-Nanopartikel. Das Metalloxid- oder Halbmetalloxid ist bevorzugt ausgewählt aus Titanoxid, Zirkoniumoxid, Zinnoxid, Boroxid und Aluminiumoxid, sowie weniger bevorzugt Manganoxid oder Wolframoxid.The inorganic nanoparticles are preferably metal oxide or semimetal oxide nanoparticles. The metal oxide or semimetal oxide is preferably selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, boron oxide and aluminum oxide, and less preferably manganese oxide or tungsten oxide.
Durch die Umsetzung wird das Metall-/Halbmetalloxid in ein flüchtiges Halogenid umgewandelt. D. h. die Nanopartikel werden aufgelöst und es verbleiben Poren in der Größe der ursprünglich eingebetteten Nanopartikel. Da der die Nanopartikel umgebende Kohlenstoff oxidiert wird (insbesondere zu CO) entstehen zusätzliche kleine Poren.The reaction converts the metal / semimetal oxide into a volatile halide. Ie. the nanoparticles are dissolved, leaving pores the size of the originally embedded nanoparticles. As the carbon surrounding the nanoparticles is oxidized (especially to CO), additional small pores are formed.
Durch die Größe der verwendeten Nanopartikel erlaubt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vorteilhaft eine präzise Kontrolle der Porengröße sowie der Porengößenverteilung der resultierenden Kohlenstoffmaterialien.Due to the size of the nanoparticles used, the method according to the invention advantageously permits a precise control of the pore size and the pore size distribution of the resulting carbon materials.
Bevorzugt wird im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als Halogengas Chlor oder auch Brom eingesetzt.In the process according to the invention, preference is given to using chlorine or else bromine as halogen gas.
Für Titanoxid und Chlorgas ergibt sich folgende bevorzugte Reaktionsgleichung:
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren entspricht weitgehend dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren der Carbochlorierung. Dieses dient nach dem Stand der Technik in erster Linie als Zwischenschritt zur Herstellung von elementarem Titan und findet auch Anwendung in der Herstellung von reinem TiO2. Dabei wird ein Titanoxid-haltiges Erz – wie z. B. Ilmenit (FeTiO3), Rutil (TiO2) oder Titanit (CaO-TiO2-SiO2) – mit Petrolkoks vermengt und dieses Gemisch bei Temperaturen von 750–1000°C mit Chlorgas behandelt, um TiCl4 herzustellen, welches anschließend durch Destillation abgetrennt wird. Der überschüssige Kohlenstoff stellt nach dem Stand der Technik ein Nebenprodukt dar. The process according to the invention largely corresponds to the process of carbochlorination known from the prior art. This is used in the prior art primarily as an intermediate step for the production of elemental titanium and also finds application in the production of pure TiO 2 . This is a titanium oxide-containing ore - such. As ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ), rutile (TiO 2 ) or titanite (CaO-TiO 2 -SiO 2 ) - mixed with petroleum coke and this mixture treated at temperatures of 750-1000 ° C with chlorine gas to produce TiCl 4 , which subsequently is separated by distillation. The excess carbon is a by-product of the prior art.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Verfahren nun auf nanoskalige Komposite aus anorganischen Nanopartikeln und einer er kohlenstoffhaltigen Matrix angewandt. Dadurch lassen sich poröse Kohlenstoff-Negativabdrücke der Nanopartikel herstellen.According to the invention, this method is now applied to nanoscale composites of inorganic nanoparticles and a carbon-containing matrix. As a result, porous carbon negative prints of the nanoparticles can be produced.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unterscheidet sich von den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Templat-basierten Verfahren darin, dass eine Entfernung der anorganischen Nanopartikel ohne Säuren oder Basen erfolgt. Neu ist die Verwendung der Carbochlorierung zur Entfernung der Nanopartikel bei der Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff. Durch die Carbochlorierung wird das bevorzugte Titanoxid mit Halogengas zu Titantetrahalogenid, bevorzugt TiCl4, umgesetzt, welches bei den Prozesstemperaturen als Gas entweicht.The method according to the invention differs from the template-based methods known from the prior art in that removal of the inorganic nanoparticles takes place without acids or bases. New is the use of carbochlorination to remove the nanoparticles in the Production of porous carbon. By means of the carbochlorination, the preferred titanium oxide with halogen gas is converted to titanium tetrahalide, preferably TiCl 4 , which escapes as gas at the process temperatures.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendeten anorganischen Nanopartikel sind daher aus einem Material, welches mit dem Halogengas und Kohlenstoff ausschließlich zu Produkten reagiert, die bei der Temperatur der Umsetzung mit Halogengas (bevorzugt 700 bis 1000°C) gasförmig sind. Diese Produkte sind ein gasförmiges Halogenid, bevorzugt ein Tetrahalogenid, sowie Kohlenstoffoxide, bevorzugt Kohlenmonoxid und/oder Kohlendioxid. Bevorzugt sind die anorganischen Nanopartikel aus einem Metalloxid- oder Halbmetalloxid, vorzugsweise von Metallen oder Halbmetallen, die ausgewählt sind aus Metallen) oder Halbmetallen der Gruppe 4 bis 14, bevorzugt der Gruppen 4 und 13, des Periodensystems, insbesondere Titan, Bor, Aluminium, Zinn und Zirkonium. The inorganic nanoparticles used in the process according to the invention are therefore made of a material which reacts with the halogen gas and carbon exclusively to products which are gaseous at the temperature of the reaction with halogen gas (preferably 700 to 1000 ° C). These products are a gaseous halide, preferably a tetrahalide, as well as carbon oxides, preferably carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide. The inorganic nanoparticles are preferably composed of a metal oxide or semimetal oxide, preferably of metals or semimetals, which are selected from metals) or semimetals of group 4 to 14, preferably groups 4 and 13, of the Periodic Table, in particular titanium, boron, aluminum, tin and zirconium.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist vorteilhaft einfach und preisgünstig. Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann je nach eingesetzten Nanopartikeln das entsprechende Halbmetall- oder Metalltetrachlorid, bevorzugt TiCl4 als nützliches Nebenprodukt gewonnen werden.The method according to the invention is advantageously simple and inexpensive. In the process according to the invention, depending on the nanoparticles used, the corresponding semimetal or metal tetrachloride, preferably TiCl 4 , can be obtained as a useful by-product.
Die Nanopartikel weisen vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser von 5 nm bis 1000 nm, bevorzugt 5 nm bis 200 nm, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 50 nm und vorzugsweise über 10 nm auf.The nanoparticles preferably have a diameter of 5 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 5 nm to 200 nm, more preferably 5 to 50 nm and preferably more than 10 nm.
Als kohlenstoffhaltige Matrix kommen prinzipiell alle kohlenstoffhaltige Materialien in Betracht, die sich verkoken lassen, d. h. durch Pyrolyse in nahezu reinem (bevorzugt über 90 %) Kohlenstoff umwandeln lassen. Bevorzugt ist die kohlenstoffhaltige Matrix ausgewählt aus natürlichen und synthetischen organischen Materialen, insbesondere Kohlenhydraten (bevorzugt Zucker), synthetischen Polymeren (bevorzugt Polyolefinen), Harzen, bituminösen Rohstoffe und Pech.As a carbon-containing matrix, in principle, all carbonaceous materials are considered, which can be coked, d. H. can be converted by pyrolysis in almost pure (preferably over 90%) carbon. Preferably, the carbonaceous matrix is selected from natural and synthetic organic materials, in particular carbohydrates (preferably sugars), synthetic polymers (preferably polyolefins), resins, bituminous raw materials and pitch.
Das Halogengas ist bevorzugt ausgewählt aus Chlor und Brom.The halogen gas is preferably selected from chlorine and bromine.
Bevorzugt erfolgt zunächst eine Vermischung der Nanopartikel mit der kohlenstoffhaltigen Matrix und vor der Umsetzung mit Halogengas eine Verkokung (Pyrolyse) der kohlenstoffhaltige Matrix. Die Pyrolyse erfolgt abhängig von der eingesetzten kohlenstoffhaltigen Matrix nach an sich bekannten Methoden. Bei Zuckern erfolgt zunächst eine Polymerisation bei bevorzugten Temperaturen von 100°C bis 250 °C und anschließend eine Pyrolyse bei vorzugsweise 700°C bis 1000°C.Preferably, the nanoparticles are first mixed with the carbon-containing matrix and, prior to the reaction with halogen gas, coking (pyrolysis) of the carbon-containing matrix takes place. The pyrolysis is carried out depending on the carbon-containing matrix used according to known methods. In the case of sugars, polymerization is first carried out at preferred temperatures of from 100.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., followed by pyrolysis at preferably from 700.degree. C. to 1000.degree.
Durch die Polymerisation bzw. Pyrolyse entsteht vorteilhaft ein Kompositmaterial, in welchem die Nanopartikel in die kohlenstoffhaltigen Matrix bzw. den verbleibenden Kohlenstoff eingebettet sind.The polymerization or pyrolysis advantageously produces a composite material in which the nanoparticles are embedded in the carbon-containing matrix or the remaining carbon.
Die Umsetzung mit dem Halogengas findet bevorzugt unter Sauerstoffausschluss statt. Das Halogengas wird bevorzugt mit einem Inertgas als Trägergas vermischt in die Reaktionskammer eingeleitet. Der Anteil des Halogengases beträgt bevorzugt 30–60 Vol %, besonders bevorzugt 40–60 Vol %. Bevorzugte Trägergase sind Edelgase oder auch Stickstoff. Die Umsetzung mit Halogengas erfolgt bevorzugt bei 200 bis 1200 °C (bitte prüfen), bevorzugt 700 bis 1000 °C. Die Reaktion kann vorteilhaft bei Normaldruck durchgeführt werden.The reaction with the halogen gas preferably takes place with exclusion of oxygen. The halogen gas is preferably mixed with an inert gas as a carrier gas introduced into the reaction chamber. The proportion of the halogen gas is preferably 30-60% by volume, more preferably 40-60% by volume. Preferred carrier gases are noble gases or else nitrogen. The reaction with halogen gas is preferably carried out at 200 to 1200 ° C (please check), preferably 700 to 1000 ° C. The reaction can advantageously be carried out at atmospheric pressure.
Optional kann dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine postreduktive Behandlung im Wasserstoffstrom nachgeschaltet werden Dabei wird das absorbierte Halogengas (X2, insbesondere Chlor) mit Wasserstoff (H2) zu HX (bevorzugt HCl oder auch HBr und bevorzugt bei 400°C bis 800°C) umgesetzt, welches als Gas entweicht. Alternativ erfolgt ein Entfernen des absorbierten Halogengas durch Umsetzen mit Kohlendioxid. Can optionally be connected downstream of the process according to the invention a postreduktive treatment in a hydrogen stream Here, the absorbed halogen gas (X 2, in particular chlorine) is reacted with hydrogen (H 2) to HX (preferably HCl or HBr and preferably at 400 ° C to 800 ° C) are reacted , which escapes as gas. Alternatively, the absorbed halogen gas is removed by reacting with carbon dioxide.
Das wesentlich Neue an der Erfindung ist die Herstellung von porösem Kohlenstoff über das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren. Durch gezielte Veränderung der Beschaffenheit der Nanopartikel (Partikelgröße, Textur etc.) können auf eine vergleichsweise einfache und kosteneffiziente Weise wohldefinierte Kohlenstoffmaterialien hergestellt werden. Je nach Porengröße sind diese für Anwendungen in der Enzymimmobilisierung oder als Elektrodenmaterialien in der Batterieforschung prädestiniert. The essential novelty of the invention is the production of porous carbon via the process according to the invention. By deliberately changing the nature of the nanoparticles (particle size, texture, etc.) well-defined carbon materials can be produced in a comparatively simple and cost-effective manner. Depending on the pore size, these are predestined for applications in enzyme immobilization or as electrode materials in battery research.
Vorteilhaft kann die Porengrößen des porösen Kohlenstoff durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gezielt und exakt in einem vergleichsweise weiten Größenbereich eingestellt werden, um optimale Speicherungs-/Separationseigenschaften zu erreichen.Advantageously, the pore sizes of the porous carbon can be adjusted by the method according to the invention in a targeted and exact manner in a comparatively wide size range in order to achieve optimum storage / separation properties.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch das nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte poröse Kohlenstoffmaterial.The invention also provides the porous carbon material produced by the process according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße poröse Kohlenstoffmaterial, kennzeichnet sich insbesondere durch folgende Eigenschaften und Vorteile aus: The porous carbon material according to the invention is characterized in particular by the following properties and advantages:
Das erfindungsgemäße poröse Kohlenstoffmaterial weist, bevorzugt nach postreduktiver Wasserstoffbehandlung, spezifische Oberflächen (BET) im Bereich von 1500 bis 2000 m2/g, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1700 m2/g bis 1900 m2/g auf. Die totalen Porenvolumina bewegen sich bevorzugt im Bereich von 1 cm3/g bis 3 cm3/g, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich 1,5 cm3/g bis 2,5 cm3/g. Bevorzugt sind 5 % bis 40 %, besonders bevorzugt maximal 20 %, der Poren Mikroporen (Porendurchmessern im Bereich unter 2 nm). The porous carbon material according to the invention has, preferably after postreductive hydrotreating, specific surface areas (BET) in the range from 1500 to 2000 m 2 / g, particularly preferably in the range from 1700 m 2 / g to 1900 m 2 / g. The total pore volumes preferably range from 1 cm 3 / g to 3 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably from 1.5 cm 3 / g to 2.5 cm 3 / g. Preference is given to 5% to 40%, particularly preferably not more than 20%, of the pores micropores (pore diameters in the range below 2 nm).
Elektronen mikroskopische Aufnahmen (
Vorteilhaft können durch die Erfindung größeneinheitliche Mesoporen oder auch Makroporen erhalten werden. Besonders bevorzugt werden mindestens 60 % bis 90 %, besonders bevorzugt 70% bis 80 % des Porenvolumens durch Poren mit einem Durchmesser von 12 nm bis 26 nm, besonders bevorzugt 15 nm bis 20 nm gebildet. Advantageously, uniform mesopores or macropores can be obtained by the invention. More preferably, at least 60% to 90%, more preferably 70% to 80%, of the pore volume is formed by pores having a diameter of 12 nm to 26 nm, more preferably 15 nm to 20 nm.
Durch die Verwendung von Nanopartikeln unterschiedlicher Größe können auch gezielt Mesoporen oder Makroporen unterschiedlicher Größe erhalten werden. In diesem Fall gelten die Angaben für die Porengrößenverteilung jeweils für die Poren, die durch Nanopartikel einer Größe gebildet wurden.By using nanoparticles of different sizes it is also possible to selectively obtain mesopores or macropores of different sizes. In this case, the pore size distribution information applies to pores formed by nanoparticles of one size.
Das erfindungsgemäße poröse Kohlenstoffmaterial besteht vorzugsweise mindestens 90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 95 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 98 Gew.-% aus Kohlenstoff. The porous carbon material according to the invention preferably consists of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, particularly preferably at least 98% by weight, of carbon.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen porösen Kohlenstoffmaterials als Trägermaterial insbesondere für biotechnologische Anwendungen, z.B. für die Enzym- oder Antikörperimmobilisierung, als Elektrodenmaterial, insbesondere für Batterien, in Brennstoffzellen, als Katalysatorträger, in der Gasadsorption, als Filtermaterial, in der Immobilisierung und Filtration von Biomaterialien oder in adsorptiven Trennverfahren.The invention also provides the use of the porous carbon material according to the invention as a carrier material, in particular for biotechnological applications, e.g. for enzyme or antibody immobilization, as electrode material, in particular for batteries, in fuel cells, as a catalyst support, in gas adsorption, as a filter material, in the immobilization and filtration of biomaterials or in adsorptive separation processes.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend durch Abbildungen und ein Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail by figures and an embodiment.
Dabei zeigen:Showing:
Beispiel zur Herstellung eines porösen Kohlenstoffes über das Verfahren der Carbochlorierung: Example of producing a porous carbon via the process of carbochlorination:
Es werden 2 g TiO2-Nanopartikel (kommerziell erhältliches Degussa P25 (50m2/g +/– 15m2/g spezifische Oberfläche, gemessene Primärpartikelgröße ca. 21 nm Durchmesser) mit einem Gemisch aus 10 ml Wasser, 2,75 g Saccharose und 2 Tropfen konzentrierter Schwefelsäure in einer Petrischale vermischt. Die Polymerisation der Saccharose erfolgt unter Luftatmosphäre für 3 h bei 100°C und anschließend für weitere 3 h bei 160°C. Das so erhaltene Kompositmaterial wird anschließend unter Argonfluss (50ml/min) mit einer Heizrate von 300 K/h auf 800 °C oder 1000 °C aufgeheizt und 1 h gehalten. Nun wird der Gasfluss auf ein Gemisch aus 80 ml/min Chlor und 70 ml/min Argon umgestellt und die Temperatur für weitere 2 h gehalten. Die Abkühlung des so erhaltenen Kohlenstoffmaterials erfolgt unter einem Argonfluss von 30 ml/min. There are 2 g of TiO 2 nanoparticles (commercially available Degussa P25 (50m 2 / g +/- 15m 2 / g specific surface area, measured primary particle size about 21 nm diameter) with a mixture of 10 ml of water, 2.75 g of sucrose and Polymerization of the sucrose takes place under air atmosphere for 3 h at 100 ° C and then for a further 3 h at 160 ° C. The resulting composite material is then under argon flow (50ml / min) at a heating rate from 300 K / h to 800 ° C. or 1000 ° C. and held for 1 h, the gas flow is then switched to a mixture of 80 ml / min of chlorine and 70 ml / min of argon and the temperature is kept for a further 2 h The carbon material thus obtained is carried out under an argon flow of 30 ml / min.
Elektronen mikroskopische Aufnahmen (
Für das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte poröse Kohlenstoffmaterial wurden die in der Tabelle 1 dargestellten physikalischen Daten gemessen: Tabelle 1:
**ermittelt bei einem Relativdruck von 0,965 p/p0.
*** ermittelt mittels elektronendispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie.
**** berechnet mittels Auswertung des Desorptionsastes mit BJH-Methode (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda).For the porous carbon material produced according to the invention, the physical data shown in Table 1 were measured: TABLE 1
** determined at a relative pressure of 0.965 p / p0.
*** determined by means of electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
**** calculated by evaluation of the desorption branch with BJH method (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda).
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
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WO2007062095A1 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-31 | Drexel University | Process for producing nanoporous carbide derived carbon with large specific surface area |
US20090136808A1 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2009-05-28 | Kang Soon-Ki | Porous carbon structure, method for preparing same, electrode catalyst for fuel cell, and electrode and membrane-electrode assembly including same |
DE102009033251A1 (en) | 2008-08-30 | 2010-09-23 | Universität Duisburg-Essen | Producing an electrically conductive porous carbon material useful as a battery anode material comprises incorporating silicon and/or tin nanoparticles into a polymer matrix and carbonizing the product |
US20110082024A1 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2011-04-07 | Hansan Liu | Controllable Synthesis of Porous Carbon Spheres, and Electrochemical Applications Thereof |
WO2011092149A2 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-04 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Porous carbon product and method for the production thereof |
US20110311873A1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2011-12-22 | Christof Schulz | Intercalation of silicon and/or tin into porous carbon substrates |
EP2444369A1 (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2012-04-25 | Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. | Porous carbon and method for producing the same |
WO2012055731A1 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2012-05-03 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Porous carbon product, method for the production thereof, and use of the same |
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EP2879991A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
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