DE102009055852B4 - Motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage unit - Google Patents

Motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage unit Download PDF

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DE102009055852B4
DE102009055852B4 DE102009055852.7A DE102009055852A DE102009055852B4 DE 102009055852 B4 DE102009055852 B4 DE 102009055852B4 DE 102009055852 A DE102009055852 A DE 102009055852A DE 102009055852 B4 DE102009055852 B4 DE 102009055852B4
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energy storage
motor vehicle
storage unit
vehicle
electrical energy
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DE102009055852A1 (en
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Eugen Akselrad
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0427—Arrangement between the seats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Energiespeichereinheit, die mehrere elektrische Energiespeicherzellen (2) aufweist, die in einem Aufnahmerahmen (1) in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x) hintereinander angeordnet sind, wobei die einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen (2) untereinander jeweils durch in Fahrzeugquerrichtung (y) verlaufende Stege (3) voneinander getrennt sind, die beidseitig mit dem Aufnahmerahmen (1) verbunden sind, wobei an den Stegen (3) auf der - in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x) gesehen - hinteren Seite eine energieabsorbierende Schicht angebracht ist.Motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage unit which has a plurality of electrical energy storage cells (2) which are arranged one behind the other in a receiving frame (1) in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x), the individual energy storage cells (2) being arranged one below the other by webs (3) running in the vehicle transverse direction (y) ) are separated from each other, which are connected to the mounting frame (1) on both sides, an energy-absorbing layer being attached to the webs (3) on the rear side - viewed in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x) -.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Energiespeichereinheit nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage unit according to the preamble of claim 1.

Studien gehen davon aus, dass die Bedeutung von elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugen in den nächsten Jahren sukzessive zunehmen wird. Einen elementaren Bestandteil eines zumindest auch elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs bildet dabei die Energiespeichereinheit.Studies assume that the importance of electrically powered vehicles will gradually increase over the next few years. The energy storage unit forms an elementary component of an at least electrically driven motor vehicle.

Üblicherweise besteht eine solche Energiespeichereinheit aus mehreren Energiespeicherzellen. Dabei kommen elektrochemische Speicherzellen, wie beispielsweise Litium-basierte Batteriezellen oder Nickel-Metall-Hybrid-Akkumulatoren, oder Doppelschichtkondensatoren zum Einsatz.Such an energy storage unit usually consists of several energy storage cells. Electrochemical storage cells, such as lithium-based battery cells or nickel-metal hybrid batteries, or double-layer capacitors are used here.

Aus der DE 10 2007 019 803 A1 und der US 2008/0160396 A1 ist jeweils bereits ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Energiespeichereinheit bekannt, die mehrere elektrische Energiespeicherzellen aufweist, die in einem Aufnahmerahmen in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind. Dabei sind die einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen untereinander jeweils durch in Fahrzeugquerrichtung verlaufende Stege voneinander getrennt, die beidseitig mit dem Aufnahmerahmen verbunden sind.From the DE 10 2007 019 803 A1 and the US 2008/0160396 A1 a motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage unit is already known, which has a plurality of electrical energy storage cells which are arranged one behind the other in a receiving frame in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The individual energy storage cells are separated from one another by webs running in the transverse direction of the vehicle, which are connected to the receiving frame on both sides.

Als weiterer Stand der Technik sind die DE 11 2007 002 525 T2 und die US 4 216 839 A zu nennen.As further state of the art, the DE 11 2007 002 525 T2 and the U.S. 4,216,839 A to call.

Ferner ist es aus der DE 10 2007 010 751 A1 bekannt, mehrere Energiespeicherzellen in einem Gehäuse mit einer Vergussmasse zu fixieren, sodass eine stabile Energiespeichereinheit entsteht.Furthermore, it is from the DE 10 2007 010 751 A1 known to fix several energy storage cells in a housing with a potting compound, so that a stable energy storage unit is created.

Bei einem Crash wirken auch auf eine solche Energiespeichereinheit sehr hohe Kräfte. Diese Kräfte können so hoch sein, dass Energiespeicherzellen zerstört werden. Wenn die einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen direkt aneinander angrenzen, besteht sogar die Gefahr, dass sich die Energiespeicherzellen bei einem Crash gegenseitig beschädigen.In the event of a crash, very high forces also act on such an energy storage unit. These forces can be so high that energy storage cells are destroyed. If the individual energy storage cells are directly adjacent to one another, there is even the risk that the energy storage cells will damage one another in the event of a crash.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Energiespeichereinheit zu schaffen, die bei einem Crash möglichst nicht beschädigt wird.The object of the invention is to create a motor vehicle with an energy storage unit which, if possible, is not damaged in the event of a crash.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Energiespeichereinheit mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with a motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage unit with the features of claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß weist das Kraftfahrzeug eine elektrische Energiespeichereinheit auf, die aus mehreren elektrischen Energiespeicherzellen besteht. Die Energiespeicherzellen sind in einem Aufnahmerahmen in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet, wobei die einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen untereinander jeweils durch in Fahrzeugquerrichtung verlaufende Stege voneinander getrennt sind, die beidseitig mit dem Aufnahmerahmen verbunden sind. Die Stege, die mit dem Aufnahmerahmen verbunden sind, verhindern, dass sich einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen gegenseitig bei einem Crash beschädigen können. Keine Energiespeicherzelle drückt mit ihrer Masse auf eine angrenzende Energiespeicherzelle, vielmehr werden die Massenträgheitskräfte durch die Stege in den Aufnahmerahmen abgeleitet.According to the invention, the motor vehicle has an electrical energy storage unit which consists of a plurality of electrical energy storage cells. The energy storage cells are arranged one behind the other in a receiving frame in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, the individual energy storage cells being separated from one another by webs running in the transverse direction of the vehicle, which are connected to the receiving frame on both sides. The webs that are connected to the mounting frame prevent individual energy storage cells from damaging each other in the event of a crash. No energy storage cell presses with its mass on an adjacent energy storage cell, rather the inertial forces are diverted through the webs into the mounting frame.

Neben der Gefahr der Beschädigung einer Energiespeicherzelle durch eine angrenzende Energiespeicherzelle besteht bei sehr abrupten Verzögerungen, wie sie bei einem Crash entstehen können, auch die Gefahr, dass die Energiespeicherzelle aufgrund ihrer eigenen Masse beschädigt wird. Um solche sehr hohen Verzögerungen zu vermeiden, ist an den Stegen auf der - in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung gesehen - hinteren Seite eine energieabsorbierende Schicht angebracht. Bei einer sehr hohen Verzögerung drückt nun die Energiespeicherzelle gegen diese energieabsorbierende Schicht. Diese wird dabei deformiert und nimmt einen Teil der Energie auf. Die Energiespeicherzelle kann sich aufgrund der Deformation der energieabsorbierenden Schicht geringfügig nach vorne verlagern. Auf diese Weise entstehen keine so hohen Spitzenwerte in der Verzögerung mehr, die zu einer Beschädigung einer Energiespeicherzelle durch ihre eigene Masse führen könnten.In addition to the risk of damage to an energy storage cell by an adjacent energy storage cell, in the event of very abrupt delays, such as can arise in a crash, there is also the risk that the energy storage cell will be damaged due to its own mass. In order to avoid such very high delays, an energy-absorbing layer is attached to the webs on the rear side - viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle -. In the event of a very long delay, the energy storage cell now presses against this energy-absorbing layer. This is deformed and absorbs part of the energy. The energy storage cell can shift slightly forward due to the deformation of the energy-absorbing layer. In this way, there are no longer such high peak values in the delay that could lead to damage to an energy storage cell by their own mass.

Bei einem Crash besteht zusätzlich für die Energiespeichereinheit auch eine Beschädigungsgefahr von außen. Deshalb ist es wichtig, die Energiespeichereinheit in der Karosserie des Kraftfahrzeugs an einer Stelle anzuordnen, die auch bei einem schweren Crash möglichst nicht oder nur geringfügig beschädigt wird. Günstigerweise wird dazu die die zumindest eine Energiespeichereinheit auf einem Bodenblech der Karosserie des Kraftfahrzeugs in Fahrzeugquerrichtung gesehen mittig angeordnet, wobei sie sich zumindest teilweise auch in den Fahrgastraum hinein erstreckt. Im mittleren Bereich ist die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Energiespeichereinheit bei einem Seitenaufprall eines anderen Fahrzeugs relativ gesehen am geringsten. Bei einem Frontal- oder Heckcrash dient der vordere bzw. der hintere Abschnitt gezielt als Deformationsbereich, um die eigentliche Fahrgastzelle zu schützen. Entsprechend ist die Energiespeichereinheit bevorzugt so angeordnet, dass sie sich zumindest teilweise in den Fahrgastraum erstreckt. Idealerweise erstreckt sie sich ausschließlich im Fahrgastraum.In the event of a crash, there is also a risk of external damage to the energy storage unit. It is therefore important to arrange the energy storage unit in the body of the motor vehicle at a location that will not be damaged or only slightly damaged even in the event of a severe crash. For this purpose, the at least one energy storage unit is expediently arranged centrally on a floor panel of the body of the motor vehicle, viewed in the transverse direction of the vehicle, wherein it also extends at least partially into the passenger compartment. In the middle area, the risk of damage to the energy storage unit in the event of a side impact with another vehicle is relatively low. In the event of a frontal or rear crash, the front or rear section is used specifically as a deformation area in order to protect the actual passenger cell. Accordingly, the energy storage unit is preferably arranged such that it extends at least partially into the passenger compartment. Ideally, it extends exclusively into the passenger compartment.

Bei einem konventionellen, heckangetriebenen Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor erstreckt sich in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung im mittleren Bereich der Fahrgastzelle der sogenannte Kardantunnel, in dem die sogenannte Kardanwelle verläuft. Der Kardantunnel ist im Fahrgastraum als deutliche Erhebung wahrnehmbar. Bei einem elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeug ist nun kein Kardantunnel erforderlich. Somit kann anstelle des Kardantunnels dort die Energiespeichereinheit angeordnet werden. Die Energiespeichereinheit kann sogar so geformt und verkleidet sein, dass sie im Fahrgastraum einem Kardantunnel stark ähnelt.In a conventional, rear-wheel drive motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine, the so-called cardan tunnel, in which the so-called cardan shaft runs, extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in the middle area of the passenger cell. The cardan tunnel can be seen as a clear elevation in the passenger compartment. In the case of an electrically powered motor vehicle, no transmission tunnel is required. The energy storage unit can thus be arranged there instead of the cardan tunnel. The energy storage unit can even be shaped and clad in such a way that it closely resembles a cardan tunnel in the passenger compartment.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous refinements are the subject of subclaims.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt, anhand dessen die Erfindung im Folgenden näher beschrieben wird. Die einzelnen Figuren zeigen in schematischer Darstellungsweise:

  • 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Energiespeichereinheit ohne Energiespeicherzellen und
  • 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Energiespeichereinheit mit Energiespeicherzellen.
The drawing shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention, on the basis of which the invention is described in more detail below. The individual figures show in a schematic representation:
  • 1 a perspective view of an energy storage unit without energy storage cells and
  • 2 a perspective view of the energy storage unit with energy storage cells.

In 1 ist ein Aufnahmerahmen 1 einer Energiespeichereinheit eines Kraftfahrzeugs dargestellt. In dem Aufnahmerahmen 1 sind - wie in 2 dargestellt - mehrere Energiespeicherzellen 2 in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung x hintereinander angeordnet. Zwischen den einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen 2 befindet sich jeweils ein Steg 3, der in Fahrzeugquerrichtung y angeordnet ist, und der beidseitig mit dem Aufnahmerahmen 1 verbunden ist. Auf der in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung x gesehen hinteren Seite der Stege 3 ist jeweils eine energieabsorbierende Schicht aus einem elastisch verformbaren Kunststoffschaum. Die einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen 2 sind elektrochemische Speicherzellen, die elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind.In 1 is a recording frame 1 an energy storage unit of a motor vehicle shown. In the mounting frame 1 are - as in 2 shown - several energy storage cells 2 arranged one behind the other in the vehicle longitudinal direction x. Between the individual energy storage cells 2 there is a bridge in each case 3 , which is arranged in the vehicle transverse direction y, and the one on both sides with the mounting frame 1 connected is. On the rear side of the webs as seen in the vehicle longitudinal direction x 3 is an energy-absorbing layer made of an elastically deformable plastic foam. The individual energy storage cells 2 are electrochemical storage cells that are electrically connected to one another.

Im Falle eines Crashs können die Trägheitskräfte einer Energiespeicherzelle 2 nicht die angrenzenden Energiespeicherzellen 2 beschädigen, da die Trägheitskräfte bei einer starken Verzögerung von dem Steg 3 vor der Energiespeicherzelle 2 aufgenommen werden. Zudem bewirkt die energieabsorbierende Schicht, dass bei einer starken Verzögerung sich die Energiespeicherzelle 2 geringfügig verlagern kann und dabei die energieabsorbierende Schicht zusammendrückt. Auf diese Weise können Kraftspitzen der Trägheitskraft der Energiespeicherzelle 2 bei der Verzögerung vermieden werden, sodass auch keine Gefahr besteht, dass die Energiespeicherzelle 2 selbst allein aufgrund extrem hoher Trägheitskräfte beschädigt wird.In the event of a crash, the inertial forces of an energy storage cell 2 not the adjacent energy storage cells 2 damage, as the inertial forces at a strong deceleration from the web 3 in front of the energy storage cell 2 be included. In addition, the energy-absorbing layer causes the energy storage cell to close in the event of a strong deceleration 2 can shift slightly and thereby compress the energy-absorbing layer. In this way, force peaks of the inertial force of the energy storage cell can 2 can be avoided in the delay, so that there is also no risk that the energy storage cell 2 itself is damaged solely due to extremely high inertial forces.

Die erfindungsgemäße Energiespeichereinheit verhindert Beschädigungen durch die Trägheitskräfte der Energiespeicherzellen 2. Bei den meisten Crashs wirken aber auch von außen sehr hohe Kräfte auf das Kraftfahrzeug ein. Deshalb weisen die heutigen Kraftfahrzeuge üblicherweise eine sehr steife Fahrgastzelle auf, an die vorne ein weicherer Vorderwagen und hinten einer weicherer Hinterwagen angrenzt. Bei einem Frontalcrash deformiert sich gezielt der Vorderwagen und nimmt dabei große Teile der Crashenergie auf. So schützt der Vorderwagen die Fahrgastzelle. Bei einem Heckcrash deformiert sich gezielt der Hinterwagen und nimmt dabei analog große Teile der Crashenergie auf. So schützt der Hinterwagen die Fahrgastzelle. Die Fahrgastzelle selber weist sehr steife Seitenschweller auf, sodass auch bei einem Seitencrash die Passagiere möglichst wenig verletzt werden. Die Seitentüren weisen Crashbalken auf, die sich in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung erstrecken und sich mit ihren Enden jeweils an einer Säule der Karosserie abstützen, sodass die in eine Seitentür eingeleiteten Kräfte bei einem Seitencrash in die tragende Karosseriestruktur abgeleitet werden. Dies trägt ebenfalls dazu bei, dass die Passagiere gut geschützt sind.The energy storage unit according to the invention prevents damage caused by the inertial forces of the energy storage cells 2 . In most crashes, however, very high external forces also act on the motor vehicle. For this reason, today's motor vehicles usually have a very stiff passenger cell, which is adjoined at the front by a softer front end and at the rear by a softer rear end. In a frontal crash, the front end of the vehicle is deliberately deformed and absorbs large parts of the crash energy. The front end of the car protects the passenger compartment. In the event of a rear-end crash, the rear end of the vehicle is deliberately deformed and absorbs large parts of the crash energy. In this way, the rear car protects the passenger cell. The passenger cell itself has very stiff side sills so that passengers are injured as little as possible in the event of a side crash. The side doors have crash bars which extend in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and are supported with their ends on a column of the body so that the forces introduced into a side door are diverted into the supporting body structure in the event of a side crash. This also helps ensure that passengers are well protected.

Eine Energiespeichereinheit sollte im Kraftfahrzeug so angeordnet werden, dass sie möglichst auch bei einem Crash nicht von außen beschädigt wird. Deshalb ist die Energiespeichereinheit auf einem Bodenblech der Karosserie des Kraftfahrzeugs in Fahrzeugquerrichtung y gesehen mittig angeordnet und erstreckt sich in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung x, sodass sie sich zumindest teilweise auch in die Fahrgastzelle hinein erstreckt. Durch die mittige Anordnung ist die Energiespeichereinheit optimal bei Seitencrashs geschützt. In Fahrzeuglängsrichtung x muss darauf geachtet werden, dass sich die Energiespeichereinheit nicht in den bewusst deformierbaren Abschnitt des Vorder- oder Hinterwagens hinein erstreckt. Daher erstreckt sie sich bevorzugt in den Fahrgastraum hinein. Idealerweise erstreckt sie sich ausschließlich innerhalb der Fahrgastzelle. Dort ist sie besonders gut geschützt. Sie kann sich über die gesamte Länge des Fahrgastraums erstrecken.An energy storage unit should be arranged in the motor vehicle in such a way that, if possible, it is not damaged from the outside even in the event of a crash. The energy storage unit is therefore arranged centrally on a floor panel of the body of the motor vehicle, viewed in the transverse direction y of the vehicle, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle x, so that it also extends at least partially into the passenger compartment. Thanks to its central arrangement, the energy storage unit is optimally protected in the event of a side impact. In the vehicle longitudinal direction x, it must be ensured that the energy storage unit does not extend into the deliberately deformable section of the front or rear vehicle. It therefore preferably extends into the passenger compartment. Ideally, it extends exclusively within the passenger compartment. It is particularly well protected there. It can extend over the entire length of the passenger compartment.

Wenn mehrere Energiespeichereinheiten benötigt werden, können diese idealerweise nebeneinander angeordnet werden, sodass die insgesamte Längserstreckung nicht größer wird.If several energy storage units are required, these can ideally be arranged next to one another so that the overall longitudinal extent does not become larger.

Claims (6)

Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Energiespeichereinheit, die mehrere elektrische Energiespeicherzellen (2) aufweist, die in einem Aufnahmerahmen (1) in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x) hintereinander angeordnet sind, wobei die einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen (2) untereinander jeweils durch in Fahrzeugquerrichtung (y) verlaufende Stege (3) voneinander getrennt sind, die beidseitig mit dem Aufnahmerahmen (1) verbunden sind, wobei an den Stegen (3) auf der - in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x) gesehen - hinteren Seite eine energieabsorbierende Schicht angebracht ist.Motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage unit which has a plurality of electrical energy storage cells (2) which are arranged one behind the other in a receiving frame (1) in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x), the individual energy storage cells (2) being arranged one below the other by webs (3) running in the transverse direction of the vehicle (y) ) are separated from each other, which are connected on both sides to the mounting frame (1), with the webs (3) on the rear side - seen in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x) - an energy-absorbing layer is attached. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrischen Energiespeicherzellen (2) miteinander elektrisch verbunden sind.Motor vehicle after Claim 1 , characterized in that the electrical energy storage cells (2) are electrically connected to one another. Kraftfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest zwei Energiespeichereinheiten nebeneinander angeordnet sind.Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two energy storage units are arranged next to one another. Kraftfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest eine Energiespeichereinheit auf einem Bodenblech der Karosserie des Kraftfahrzeugs in Fahrzeugquerrichtung (y) gesehen mittig angeordnet ist, und sich zumindest teilweise auch in den Fahrgastraum hinein erstreckt.Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one energy storage unit is arranged centrally on a floor panel of the body of the motor vehicle, viewed in the vehicle transverse direction (y), and also extends at least partially into the passenger compartment. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die zumindest eine Energiespeichereinheit in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x) über die gesamte Länge des Fahrgastraums erstreckt.Motor vehicle after Claim 4 , characterized in that the at least one energy storage unit extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x) over the entire length of the passenger compartment. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest eine Energiespeichereinheit im Fahrgastraum mit Verkleidungs- und Anbauteilen optisch verdeckt ist.Motor vehicle after Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that the at least one energy storage unit is optically concealed in the passenger compartment with trim and add-on parts.
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