CN85101022A - 注射成型用的弹性体(合成橡胶)干式混合物料及其生产过程 - Google Patents
注射成型用的弹性体(合成橡胶)干式混合物料及其生产过程 Download PDFInfo
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- CN85101022A CN85101022A CN198585101022A CN85101022A CN85101022A CN 85101022 A CN85101022 A CN 85101022A CN 198585101022 A CN198585101022 A CN 198585101022A CN 85101022 A CN85101022 A CN 85101022A CN 85101022 A CN85101022 A CN 85101022A
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- elastomer
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- elastomerics
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29B7/726—Measuring properties of mixture, e.g. temperature or density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
- B29B7/7485—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants with consecutive mixers, e.g. with premixing some of the components
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Abstract
一种粉状弹性体的混合物,是由一种粉状弹性 体和一种粉状的预扩散剂,加以混合配制而成。其中 的粉状预扩散剂,是在无水的粉状填充剂内,添入液 状或糊状组分,如加工用油、润滑剂及蜡。粉状的预 扩散剂与粉状的弹性体采用螺旋搅拌机加以混合, 配制成一种稠的均匀粉状无水混合物,可以直接注 射成型,而无需注射设备的挤压部位进行任何额外 的搅拌。
Description
通常用转移、压缩、和注射成型来生产硫化橡胶制品。这些生产过程具有各自的优缺点,且在市场上占有一定的位置。注射成型的优点是生产率高、稳定性好、易于实现自动化。所以,尽管注射成型的投资大,但它是发展最为迅速的。
目前橡胶制品的注射成型是将予混合好的弹性混合物,以连续带材或球团的形式送入注射成型机。该混合物一般包括基本弹性体、填充物、增塑剂、加工添加剂(Process aids),抗衰减剂、触煤剂、催化剂、染色剂和交联剂等。将合成橡胶(弹性体)与这些添加组分予搅拌,以形成均匀的物质。
为了获得均一物质,合成橡胶(弹性体)和这些添加剂,包括硫化剂和催化剂在内,通常在高剪切力搅拌机(如Banbury或二辊式搅拌机)内混合。高剪切力的搅拌动作使弹性体组分的温度提高,形成弹性体内热量和剪切力的变化,因而,在某些情况下会促使聚合物的部分交联作用。
另一种用于予混合或搅拌合成橡胶(弹性体)的办法,是用搅拌机(Banbury型)进行二次混合。第一次混合是将除交联剂外的大部分组分在高剪切力搅拌机内混合成均一的基本混合物。在第一次搅拌过程中产生的热量很大,以至于如果加入交联剂就会促使聚合物交联和导致形成过早的硫化组分。在第二次搅拌过程中,在较低温度下将交联剂加入到第一次搅拌的成品中。这种方法减少了过早硫化的问题,但是,尽管如此,仍造成弹性体内的热量变化。交联剂和催化剂存在于最终混合物内,仍然会减少合成物的适用期,因为即使在室温下,仍发生硫化和交联。
建议将弹性体和硫化剂分开,而将弹性体包含或包伏在非交联聚合物内的硫化剂放在一起,这将会避免产生过早的交联。Callen(美国专利U·S·3976530)报导了这种尝试。Callan报导,要制备两种不同成分的弹性带:一种是具有硫化剂的第一种聚合物,它通过硫化剂实际上不会交联;第二种成分的聚合带实际上是可以由包含在第一种聚合物内的硫化剂而起作用的第二种聚合物。这两种组分的带子并排地连接起来。这种方法费用昂贵,通常需要大量铣削加工才能保证均匀的扩散。
Abbott美国专利(U·S·3941767)和一篇题名为基于淀粉包装的粉末橡胶的普通注射成型(刊登在期刊上“Journal of Elastomers and Plastics”1975,April,VO17,P93)的文章报导了淀粉包伏的粉末弹性体的注射成型。这些参考资料表明,可以将这种用淀粉包伏的弹性体送到注射成型机,而只需少量的予搅拌。然而这种淀粉包伏的弹性体的应用有一定局限性,因为多糖是微弱的添加剂,与标准的加固剂(如碳黑、硅石、粘土、滑石)相比,具有不良的抗水和化学性。此文,文章中还特别指出,需要一种专用的素炼螺杆。
Buchanan et al美国专利(U·S·Patent 3673136)表明,干式多糖的橡胶乳液的共淀物可以研磨成可流动的细粉末。将粉末状的硫化活剂与粉末状弹性体混合一起形成粉末状的混合物料,以使料仓具有定量的粉末橡胶混合物。上述粉末混合物料可以在普通加热压力模上直接成型各种橡胶制品;或者通过简单的机械(不经予剪切搅拌)注射成型最终的橡胶制品。还要,需要多糖加固剂(一般用途是不适用的)和改变现有聚合物的配方。
总之,一般的制备弹性混合物料的方法会使该混合物产生热量变化。用此方法制备的混合物的适用期是有限的。另一种熟知的方法是采用专门处理的聚合物,以便获得均匀的混合物料。由于需要处理过的聚合物,这些方法的应用受到局限。
本发明是以实现下列条件为前提的:制备的注射成型合成橡胶混合物料可以不经高剪切力的混合。本发明还以实现下列条件为前提:可以由粉末状的不膨胀的弹性体与干式可流动的予扩散剂掺合一起来制备弹性体混合物料;该予扩散剂是吸附或分散在干式自由流动的粉碎填料上的混合料的液体成分。弹性体可以是一般的未经处理的弹性体。
将粉末的弹性体和予扩散剂在无剪力或低剪力搅拌机(如螺杆式搅拌机)进行混合。这种搅拌机不会在聚合物内形成热量变化。可以将这种干的弹性体混合物直接送到一般注射机或具有螺杆挤出器的压力成型机上,该挤出器的作用是在成型过程中混合弹性体,以便产生均匀交联的制品(各种成分分布均匀)。
不产生热量变化带来一系列优点。热的变化是指热对弹性体混合物的影响,特别是在高剪切力内搅拌机混合弹性体所产生的热量的影响。这种热量导致聚合物的破坏和聚合物的部分的破坏。总之,弹性体一旦受到这种热,就不再具有同样的分子结构和分子量。这些变化完全是不可予计的,也是不能重复再现。在高剪切力搅拌机内搅拌过程中形成的弹性混合体的热量变化,实际上是每个槽都不同的。所以在成型过程中,每个槽的混合物反应不一样。某一个槽可以制出优质产品的成型条件,对另一个槽就可能生产不出优质产品来。因此,监控和调整成型条件是注射或压制成型橡胶制品必不可少的。这将增加人工费用和阻碍这一生产过程的全盘自动化。
这样,根据本发明,通过制备无热量变化的弹性体粉末混合物,就可以反复生产均一的、给定的混合物。因此,当用按照本发明制备的混合物进行注射或压制成型时,就不必监控和调整生产过程。这可使弹性体另件的注射或压制成型过程实现全盘自动化。
本发明由于取消高剪切力的予搅拌,因而减少了加工费用,但并不降低成型制品的质量。还有,由于催化剂和交联剂不予先和弹性体素炼一起,混合物的适用期实际上比用以前方法制备的弹性体混合物的要长一些。从下面的细节描述,可以更清楚地看到这些优点。
本发明所用的经掺和的弹性体混合物是由粉末弹性体和吸附或分散在固体填料上的液体或无水组分(如增塑剂、润滑剂、蜡等)的干式可流动的扩散剂制备成的。这种液体组分通常可以是固体或半固体材料;它们在扩散过程中,通过搅拌提炼出来的液体。
弹性体是人们熟知的聚合成分,它包括:异丁稀橡胶、乙稀丙稀二稀三聚物(EPDM)、硫合橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶(聚氯丁烯),氯磺聚乙稀、丙稀-丁二稀苯共聚物(腈橡胶)、苯乙稀丁二稀共聚物,丙稀腈丁二稀共聚物-聚氯乙稀聚合物、聚乙丁稀、聚表氯醇、天然和合成聚异戊二烯、聚乙二稀橡胶、聚
酯类、碳氟弹性体如亚乙稀氟-氯基二氟乙稀、亚乙稀-氟化-六氟丙稀共聚物和氟化丙稀弹性体以及其他。
本发明所用的弹性体是颗粒约为20纲目(mesh)或更小的粉末状弹性体。本发明所用的粉末弹性体的制备方法不限。任何可以提供符合要求粒度的方法均可接受。最常用的一种方法是弹性乳液(橡胶乳液)的喷射干燥。由乳液喷射干燥制备的弹性体粉末是人们所熟悉的,在市场上也可以购买到的。也可以通过衍磨弹性体来生产合宜的粉末状弹性体。衍磨要在极低温度下进行,或加入非增粘剂(detacking agent)和将乳胶与水玻璃相互凝固在一起。
本发明的弹性组分还包括加固和非加固填料、抗氧剂、催化剂、触煤剂、交联或硫化剂、染料、UV稳定剂或生产过程的添加剂。
粉碎的填料,包括加固和非加固填料和稀释剂。标准的填料有高岭石和皂土,碳黑,石墨,煤灰,烟气沥青,硅酸盐如硅酸钙、硅酸镁和硅酸铝,沉淀的、粉状和烟雾硅石,滑石,碳化钙,木屑,氢氧化铝,硫化钡、硅藻土,氧化锑,二氧化钛,云母,橡胶粉尘以及其他普通熟练工人所熟知的填料。
合适的抗氧剂有:聚合的1,2-二氢化的-2,2、4-三甲基-喹咛,1、3、5-三甲基1-2,4,6-三(3,5二特的〔烃〕丁基1-4羟基苄)苯和二(2甲基-4-羟基-5-t-丁基苯基)。抗氧剂的用量(重量比)为0.2至5左右(每小时磅数)。
合宜的硫化或交联剂有:硫磺和含硫混合物如含多硫化合物和氯化硫的磷;N,N′-二肉桂叉-1,6-己烷二胺肟如P-醌二肟和P,P′-二苯酰喹咛二肟;和过氧化物如二枯基过氧,2、5-双(t-丁基过氧)-2、5-二甲基己烷,双(t-丁基过氧)二异丙基苯以及普通熟练工人所熟知的其他种交联剂。
合宜的硫化催化剂有硫代噻唑-(thiozales*)如N-环己基-2-苯噻唑二硫,2-巯基苯并噻唑;苯并噻唑二硫化物,二烃胺荒酰(秋兰姆)如四甲基秋兰姆-硫化物,秋兰姆二硫化物和两个-亚甲秋兰姆六硫化物;二硫代氨基甲酸酯如Zn-二甲二硫代氨基甲酸酯,Zn-di-n-丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯;胍基衍生物如二苯胍基衍生物和无机催化剂如熟石灰、氧化镁和氧化铝。
触媒剂有:氧化锌和脂肪酸如硬脂酸。
*原文拼音有误
适用的增塑剂或软化剂有:工艺油、液态蜡、松焦油、甘油油酸盐、香豆酮茚煤焦油树脂,二-2乙基己基酞酸盐和高沸点的石油化合物如荼石油、芳基石油、蜡等。
将粉末弹性体和各种上述的添加剂(催化剂、抗氧剂、加固剂、增塑剂和生产过程的附加剂)混合以制备用于注射成型的干式混合物。这些添加剂分为两种:一种在加工温度下(约20~30℃)是干的和可流动的;一种是在加工温度下非干性的,即液态或粘性状的。添加剂不能直接与弹性体混合,因为它们会使弹性体膨胀或凝聚,使得该成分以及其他成分在搅拌时不能均匀分布。
这些液状或非干性的添加剂与相当数量的可流动的粉末填料混合,以便形成一种在室温下是干的和可流动的扩散剂。在此加工过程中,实质上所有液体、蜡和蜡状的物质与干式填料予混合以形成粉状物。干性填料的作用是将弹性体和非干性成分分开,避免这些非干性成分使弹性颗粒膨胀或凝结,使得不用高剪切力搅拌就可得到均匀的分布。为了制备干式可流动的扩散剂,填料的成分应为总扩散剂重量的25%到95%左右。必须有相当数量的干式填料,以保证扩散剂是干性可流动的粉末,这样,一旦混合时,非干性成分不会使弹性体膨胀。通过在混料机或其他类型的外部搅拌机将填料和非干性添加物混合一起就可使液体或非干性添加剂分散或吸附在干式填料上。吸附意味着吸收和化学吸附。搅拌一直进行到获得干式可流动的均匀的扩散剂为止。
将粉末状弹性体、干式可流动予扩散剂和其他添加剂在室温下掺和一起,就形成干式混合物料。防止所有的热量和剪切力以便生产出无热量变化的干式混合物料。最好用低剪切力的搅拌机(如螺旋叶片式搅拌机)来混合弹性体和予扩散剂。这使得弹性体和予扩散剂相混合,但不会素炼弹性体。
干式混合物料的制备,可以用和现在注射成型用的弹性配方相同的成分和成分比。唯一不同的是必须减少生产添加剂的用量。那些在高剪切力搅拌机内混合的组分需要附加的生产添加剂以弥补素炼过程的那些损失。由于本发明的各种组分在外部搅拌机混合时不会产生大量的热量,也就不会有生产添加剂的损失。因而,生产添加剂数量可以减少。
本发明的干式混合物料可以直接送入注射成型压力机内。特别适用于本发明的是具有注射螺杆挤出器的注射成型压力机,螺杆的长度与直径之比为15∶1。
在注射成型过程中,挤出器内产生的热量和剪切力足以软化粉末状弹性体和使粉末状弹性体与填料中非干性添加剂的予扩散剂掺和一起,形成适于硫化的均匀混合物料。通常温度为150°F。注射到模板上,将模板加热到足以使催化剂产生催化的温度,使被注射成型的制品快速硫化,此温度一般为320~400°F。
从以下详述的例子,可以对本发明有更清楚的了解。
例Ⅰ
现以一种具有以下成份的无水混合物的配制为例,来说明本发明:
72%重量的Tecnoflon NML粉末(20筛号),一种来源于美国Montedison公司拥有专利权的含氟弹性体,为乙烯氟化物和六氟丙烯的聚合物;15%ASTM(美国材料试验学会)N-770SRF型炉炭黑;3.5%轻型锻烧氧化镁;1.5%N,N′-双肉桂叉-1.6-乙二胺硫化剂与8%液状含氟聚合物Viton LM,来自杜邦公司的产品(也是一种乙烯氟化物与六氟丙烯的聚合物)。其中炭黑、锻烧氧化镁和液状含氟聚合物,事先加以混合,配制成一种无水可流动的预扩散剂。这种混合有预扩散剂的弹性体,在螺旋搅拌机内加以搅拌,配制成一种均匀的灰白色粉末。
这种混合物在一台Rutil 6020型70t压力机上注射成型。
例Ⅱ
下列混合物在室温下,由一台螺旋式搅拌机进行搅拌:85%NySynblak 9026,由100份35%丙烯腈成分,50%门尼粘度的NBR(丙烯腈-丁二烯)合成橡胶和75份由CoPoLymer橡胶与化学公司供应的ASTM N-787 SRF型炉内加工炭黑所构成的产品;1.5%法国生产的氧化锌;0.5%硫;0.75%二硫化苯thiazyl催化剂;0.25%二硫四甲基秋兰姆催化剂;事先配制好的扩散剂,其成分包括:40%甘油基油酯增塑剂,40%硬质粘土(高岭土)填充剂,10%聚合在一起的三甲基二氢喹啉(一种蜡状抗分解剂),2%硬脂酸与8%微结晶状蜡。此扩散剂是将构成物放在一起,用简单方法加以搅拌,直至形成无水、可流动的粉状为止。
13天后,将此粉状混合物放到一台Rutil 6020型75T卧式注射压力机上注射成型,压力机具有15/1长径比的挤压头,挤压头筒体及螺旋部分将温度保持在160°F左右,而压模温度为380~400°F。经20~60秒钟的硫化周期后,可得到极好的模压件。制成品内配料的扩散作用极好,物理性能正常。
例Ⅲ
将以下成分的物质加以拌合:59%Carbomix 3651(100份SBR苯乙烯聚丁橡胶,52份ASTM N-234ISAF炉内加工炭黑,与10份来自CoPolymer橡胶与化学公司的芳香族石油);18%硬质粘土(高岭土);5%无水、磨成粉状的炭酸钙;1.5%氧化锌;0.4%硬脂酸;0.75%硫;0.4%N-环己基-乙-苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺催化剂;0.1%二硫化苯thiazyl催化剂;0.1%二苯基胍催化剂;2%事先配制好的粉状扩散剂,包含72%液状(熔点25℃)氧茚-茚煤焦油树脂,28%含成硅酸钙;12.75%无水、粉状事先配制好的扩散体,包含75%轻型环烷原油加工油与25%合成硅酸钙。
13天后,将这种无水的混合物放在一台Rutil 6020型75T卧式注射压机上注射成型。压机挤压头的长/径比为15/1,挤压头的筒体和螺旋部分,温度保持在160°F左右,压模温度为380~400°F′,将粉状混合物倒入挤压头的受料段,经过20~60秒的硫化周期后,可得到极好的模压件。这是按通常状况搅拌而成的混合物的典型硫化速度。制成品内配料的扩散作用极好,物理性能正常。
例Ⅳ
下列混合物在室温条件下,由一台螺旋式搅拌机进行搅拌:75%NySynblak 9010,一种粉状橡胶,含有100份35%的ACN成分,80门尼粘度的NBR合成橡胶和50份ASTM N-550FEF型炉内加工炭黑,来自CoPolymer橡胶与化学公司的产品;12.5%ASTMN-774 SRF型炉黑;1.5%氧化锌;0.75%硫;0.5%二硫苯thiazyl催化剂;0.75%单硫四甲基秋兰姆催化剂;9%事先配制好的粉状扩散剂,包含8%聚合的三甲基二氢喹啉,一种蜡状抗分解剂,8%微结晶状蜡,4%硬脂酸,60%di-2-乙酯乙基邻苯二甲酸脂增塑剂与20%的硅酸钙粘合剂。经过几分钟的搅拌,即可配制成一种均匀的黑色粉末。将这种粉状物放入一台M·A·S液压与硫化机器公司,型号806的65T卧式注射压力机内,其标准结构的挤压头不必改动,保持挤压头筒体及螺旋部分的温度150°F,压模为400~410°F,对形状复杂的轴瓦要经30~40秒的硫化周期才能成型。配料内的扩散作用极好。
以上粉状试样也可先碾压成条状,再按通常的方法进行挤压,依照以上的加工温度,可取相同的硫化速度。如将单硫四甲基秋兰姆催化剂,用一种增速型催化剂二硫四甲基秋兰姆代替,可获得另一种混合物,在以上相同的操作条件下,经18~20秒,即可得到满意的模压件。如先碾压成条状,再行挤压,则由于在螺旋及转动部分出现过早硫化的现象,而难以得到满意的成品。
这些实例足以说明,一种可流动的粉状弹性体的混合物,可以由填充剂、硫化剂、催化剂、加工剂等配制而成,并使整个配方成分均匀分布,而不致泡胀弹性体,也不会在弹性体的配方中产生发热过程。这使弹性体制件在自动注射成型中,具有更加均匀和始终如一的效果。进而可不必使用高剪切力搅拌,来使配方的成分扩散到整个弹性体;并延长事先配制的弹性体混合物的储存期限。混合物的物理性状可减轻弹性体在注射成型中的劳力要求。
通过以上说明,本发明的其它具体细节,对于一个具有本专业一般技能的人来说,是很清楚的了,而这些具体的细节理应纳入本发明的范围之内。
Claims (24)
1、一种以热压或注射成型的方法生成硫化制品的粉状弹性体的混合物,是由以下物质构成的均匀混合体:
粉状弹性体,和
粉状均匀的预制扩散剂,一种特殊填充剂和吸附其中的添加剂组成。所说的添加剂在一般情况下,在与之混合时,有使粉状弹性体泡胀和结块的趋势,但上述可流动的弹性体与预扩散剂的混合物,就不会使粉状弹性体泡胀或结块。
2、在权利要求1中提到的粉状弹性体混合物,其中所说的添加剂,主要选自一组包括增塑剂、液状润滑剂、液状加工剂和蜡在内的物质。
3、在权利要求1中提到的粉状弹性体混合物,事实上不具有发热过程。
4、在权利要求1中提到的粉状弹性体混合物,其中所说的粉状均匀的预扩散剂,至少包含有约25%的填充剂。
5、在权利要求2提到的粉状弹性体混合剂,其中所说的粉状均匀的预扩散剂,包含约5~75%的添加剂。
6、在权利要求5中提到的粉状弹性体,其中所说的填充剂,选自一组包括粘土、炭黑、硅酸钙、二氧化硅、滑石、炭酸钙与硅藻土在内的物质。
7、在权利要求1中提到的粉状弹性体混合物,其中所说的粉状弹性体,选自一组包括喷雾干燥的乳状弹性体、凝聚的乳状弹性体和磨成粉状的弹性体的物质。
8、一种用热压或注射成型以形成硫化制品的粉状弹性体的混合物,是一种包含以下物质的均匀混合体:
由乳状经喷雾干燥而生成的粉状弹性体;
由特殊填充剂与吸附其中的添加剂构成的一种均匀的粉状预扩散剂。所说的添加剂,在拌合时,一般情况下有使粉状弹性体泡胀或结块的趋势。这种添加剂选自一组包括增塑剂、液状润滑剂、液状加工剂和蜡的物质。
而上述弹性体与预扩散剂的混合物,是可以流动的,不会使粉状弹性体泡胀或结块,也不具有发热过程。
9、在权利要求8内提到的粉状弹性体的混合物-其中所说的填充剂,选自一组包括粘土、炭黑、硅酸钙、二氧化硅、滑石、炭酸钙、硅藻土的物质,并加以拌合。
10、适合于用热压或注射成型来生产硫化制品的一种粉状弹性体混合物的配制方法,包括:
在一有效数量的填充剂内吸附一种添加剂,配制成一种均匀的粉状预扩散剂,其中的添加剂,通常情况下,有使粉状弹性体泡胀和结块的趋势。但上述一定量的填充剂形成一种可流动的无水扩散剂,足以阻止所说的添加剂使粉状弹性体泡胀或结块,而
将粉状弹性体与上述预扩散剂加以拌合时,也没有对弹性体的发热过程,从而构成一种均匀的粉状混合物。
11、在权利要求10内提到的方法,其中所说的粉状弹性体,是在室温下与预扩散剂拌合在一起的。
12、在权利要求10内提到的方法,其中所说的粉况弹性体,是在环境温度下,与预扩散剂拌合在一起的。
13、在权利要求10中提到的方法,其中所说的预扩散剂,至少包含有约25%的填充剂。
14、在权利要求10中提到的方法,其中所说的预扩散剂,包含大约5~75%的添加剂。
15、在权利要求10*)中提到的方法,其中所说的填充剂,选自一组包括粘土、炭黑、硅酸钙、二氧化硅、滑石、炭酸钙、硅藻土的物质,并加以拌合。
16、在权利要求10中提到的方法,其中所说的粉状弹性体,选自一组包括喷雾干燥的乳状弹性体、凝聚的乳状弹性体和磨成粉状的弹性体的物质。
17、在权利要求10中提到的方法,其中所说的粉状弹性体与预扩散剂的拌合,采用一台无剪切力的搅拌机。
18、在权利要求17中提到的方法,其中所说的无剪切力搅拌机,即一台螺旋搅拌机。
19、在权利要求10中提到的方法,其中所说的添加剂,选自一组包括增塑剂、液状润滑剂、液状加工剂和蜡的物质。
20、适合于用热压或注射成型生产硫化制品的一种粉状弹性体混合物的配制方法,包括:
吸附于无水填充剂上的添加剂,选自一组包括增塑剂、液状润滑剂,液状加工剂与蜡的物质,在没有任何弹性体时,上述填充剂保持一定数量有效地形成一种无水可流动的预扩散剂,收不会使粉状弹性体泡胀或结块。
将上述预扩散剂与粉状弹性体加以混合时,并无发热过程传给所说的粉状弹性体。
上述粉状弹性体包含有喷雾干燥的乳状物。
21、在权利要求20中述及的方法,其中所说的填充剂,选自一组包括炭黑、硅酸钙、二氧化硅、滑石、炭酸钙、硅藻土的物质,并加以拌合。
*)原文为14-译注
22、适合于用热压或注射成型生产硫化制品的一种粉状弹性体混合物的配制方法,包括:
在无水填充剂内吸附一种添加剂,在没有任何弹性体时,配制成一种无水可流动的预扩散剂,所说的添加剂,通常情况下有使弹性体泡胀和结块的趋势,而上述填充剂保有一定数量,足以有效防止所说的添加剂使弹性体泡胀或结块。
将上述预扩散与粉状弹性体混合,采用螺旋式搅拌机。
23、弹性体注塑成型的方法,包括:
配制一种由填充剂和至少一种添加剂构成的预扩散剂,其中的添加剂通常有使弹性体泡胀和结块的趋势。所说的添加剂与填充剂按一定比例,可有效配制成一种无水可流动的预扩散剂,将不会使弹性体泡胀或结块。
将上述无水可流动的预扩散剂和粉状弹性体加以拌合,不会在弹性体内产生发热过程,从而配制成一种粉状弹性体的混合物。
将上述粉状的弹性体混合物,放入一台注射成型设备的螺旋挤压头内,
将上述挤压头的温度保持一定,使上述混合物软化,而
将上述混合物,通过螺旋式挤压头挤压到上述注射设备的压模内,保持压模温度使上述弹性体混合物硫化。
24、在权利要求23内提到的方法,其中所说的混合物,通过一具有长径比至少为15∶1的螺旋挤压头进行挤压。
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DE2654358C2 (de) * | 1976-12-01 | 1985-01-10 | Chemische Werke Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen, rieselfähigen, gegebenenfalls Weichmacheröl enthaltenden Kautschuk-Füllstoff-Mischungen |
US4060510A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1977-11-29 | Shell Oil Company | Dry blending process |
US4182702A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-01-08 | Technical Processing, Inc. | Novel processing aids for natural and synthetic rubber compounds |
US4278576A (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1981-07-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Isolation and improvement of impact modifier polymer powders |
US4269740A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-05-26 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Process for producing elastomeric particles free of agglomeration |
US4348492A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1982-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Starch adduct encasement of particulate elastomers |
US4374941A (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1983-02-22 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Particle size control of SBR/carbon black powder |
-
1984
- 1984-12-06 US US06/678,703 patent/US4599370A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-03-25 EP EP85302062A patent/EP0184276A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-05-07 JP JP60096573A patent/JPS61138663A/ja active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-04-01 CN CN198585101022A patent/CN85101022A/zh active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1049621C (zh) * | 1993-01-07 | 2000-02-23 | 李有生 | 热塑性橡胶单色及多色地壁砖制法 |
CN104592609A (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-06 | 耐克创新有限合伙公司 | 用于未固化的橡胶小球的防粘粉末 |
CN104592609B (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2018-05-29 | 耐克创新有限合伙公司 | 用于未固化的橡胶小球的防粘粉末 |
CN104325442A (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-02-04 | 无锡市东北塘永丰橡塑厂 | 橡胶锤用手柄制造工艺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0184276A3 (en) | 1987-11-25 |
US4599370A (en) | 1986-07-08 |
EP0184276A2 (en) | 1986-06-11 |
JPS61138663A (ja) | 1986-06-26 |
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