CN2288277Y - 防止柴油机冒黑烟的装置 - Google Patents

防止柴油机冒黑烟的装置 Download PDF

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CN2288277Y
CN2288277Y CN96237798U CN96237798U CN2288277Y CN 2288277 Y CN2288277 Y CN 2288277Y CN 96237798 U CN96237798 U CN 96237798U CN 96237798 U CN96237798 U CN 96237798U CN 2288277 Y CN2288277 Y CN 2288277Y
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黄炳麟
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F02D1/02—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
    • F02D1/06—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered by means dependent on pressure of engine working fluid
    • F02D1/065—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered by means dependent on pressure of engine working fluid of intake of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
    • F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
    • F02D11/08—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the pneumatic type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0255—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof with means for correcting throttle position, e.g. throttle cable of variable length

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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种防止柴油机冒黑烟的装置。该装置包括空气流量传感器和油量调节器两部分。该装置能随时根据柴油机进气量的大小,自动按正确的油气比调节注油量,从而保证燃油能完全燃烧,从根本上解决柴油机冒黑烟的问题,同时还提高了燃油的利用率。经在柴油汽车上按照GB3846－83标准作对比检测,装上本装置前后排出废气烟度值分别为4.0Rb和1.4Rb,证明本装置具有十分明显的消除黑烟效果。

Description

防止柴油机冒黑烟的装置
本实用新型涉及一种能防止柴油机冒黑烟的装置，更具体地说，是涉及一种能按正确油气比例自动调节柴油机注油量的装置。
柴油机具有效率高和使用上经济等优点，广泛用于交通运输、工程机械和农业机械等。但现有柴油机均存在冒黑烟的问题，也就是说当柴油机在运转过程中加大(尤其是突然加大)油门时，均会由于油气比例不合适而造成燃烧不完全，导致排出的废气成为黑烟，严重污染环境。目前普遍采用的消除柴油机黑烟的办法是在排气管中安装过滤器，把燃烧不完全的碳微粒及其它成份过滤或吸附，使排出的废气符合环保要求。但这种办法存在过滤器容易失效，会影响排气压力、恶化机器运作，不但不能节油，反而会增加耗油量等缺点，而且这种方法治标而不能治本，无法真正解决柴油机冒黑烟的问题。因此，上述问题已成为柴油机设备，特别是柴油汽车亟待解决的环境污染问题，正越来越引起社会的普遍关注。
本实用新型的目的是设计出一种装置，它能随时根据柴油机进气量的大小，自动按正确的油气比调节注油量，从而保证燃油能较完全地燃烧，从根本上解决柴油机冒黑烟的问题，同时还能提高燃油利用率。
本实用新型装置包括空气流量传感器和油量调节器两部分。空气流量传感器为一管状体，其内部有一文丘里管，在文丘里管的喉颈部有一连通管通出外部。油量调节器包括壳体、弹性膜、回力弹簧、调节杆、气阀和操纵杆；壳体内部由弹性膜分隔成壳体前腔和壳体后腔；壳体后腔与空气流量传感器的连通管相连通；回力弹簧一端位于壳体后壁的弹簧座中，另一端顶向弹性膜；调节杆一端穿过壳体前壁与弹性膜固连；气阀位于壳体前壁与壳体后腔之间，操纵杆与气阀相连；气阀阀腔上有前阀门座、后阀门座和通气孔，分别与壳体外部、壳体后腔和壳体前腔相通。当后阀门座打开时，前阀门座关闭，壳体前后腔通过后阀门座、阀腔和通气孔互相连通；当后阀门座关闭时，前阀门座打开，壳体前腔通过通气孔、阀腔和前阀门座与外部连通，外部空气可进入壳体前腔。
下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步说明。
图1是本实用新型的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
图2是回力弹簧弹力调节机构示意图；
图3是本实用新型装置用于柴油车辆上的安装结构及工作原理示意图；图中50为排气管，51为排气门，52为喷油器，53为回油管，54为进气管，55为空气滤清器，56为柴油滤清器，57为柴油箱，58为油门脚踏，59为燃烧室，60为高压油管，61为喷油泵操纵杆，62为喷油泵(高压)，63为输油泵(低压)，64为低压油管；
图4是柴油汽车装上本实用新型装置前后所排出废气的烟度值比较。
参照图1，本实用新型装置的空气流量传感器10为圆管状，其内部装有一文丘里管11，从该文丘里管的喉颈部通出一连通管12与油量调节器20的壳体后腔28连通。油量调节器20的壳体21由前半部21a和后半部21b构成，两者之间夹有一由橡胶做成的弹性膜23，该弹性膜的前面靠近壳体前部，并将壳体内部分隔成壳体前腔27和壳体后腔28；在弹性膜23的前后两面分别紧贴着前托片25和后托片26，该两托片能使弹性膜定形并使其能有效面准确地带动调节杆30前后移动。壳体后壁即壳体后半部21b中间有一弹簧座22，回力弹簧24的一端即安装在该弹簧座上，另一端则顶住弹性膜的后托片26的中间，刚好与调节杆30后端对正。壳体前半部21a中间有一调节杆安装孔29，调节杆30的一端(后端)穿过该孔和弹性膜及其前后托片，与后托片26固连；调节杆30与弹性膜之间为固定密封状态，与壳体之间则为可滑动密封状态。调节杆30为管状，由阀芯31、前阀门座32、后阀门座33、弹簧35、弹簧挡圈34和传动杆38构成的气阀就装设在调节杆内部；后阀门座33位于调节杆后端内部，其前方为前阀门座32，该前后阀门座之间构成气阀阀腔39，阀芯31位于该阀腔中，传动杆38的一端穿过前阀门座与阀芯相连：阀腔39的侧壁上有一通气孔37使阀腔与壳体前腔27相通；所以，通气孔37和阀腔39分别与前阀门座32构成壳体前腔27与外部的气流通道、与后阀门座33构成壳体前腔27与壳体后腔28之间的气流通道。弹簧挡圈34固定于传动杆38上，弹簧35套于该传动杆上，其两端分别顶着弹簧挡圈34和前阀门座32；调节杆30的前端近端部有一径向通孔36，操纵杆40的一端穿过该孔在外部与调节杆30铰连，在调节杆内部与传动杆38铰连。
参照图2，本实用新型装置的油量调节器的壳体后壁的弹簧座22上，可加设由可调弹簧座41、调节螺钉42、密封盖43和密封圈44构成的回力弹簧弹力调节机构；可调弹簧座41呈“”形，其凹面与壳体上固定的弹簧座22相对，回力弹簧24套于其凸面上，其周边的台阶挡住回力弹簧端部；螺钉42穿过弹簧座22上与其相配的螺孔，其前端顶住可调弹簧座41的凹面；密封盖43通过其端口上与螺钉42相配的内螺纹拧在螺钉42后部，并通过密封圈44压紧在弹簧座22后方上。为了使螺钉42与可调弹簧座41之间的位置稳定，可将螺钉42前端做成圈锥状，并在可调弹簧座41的凹面中央开有一与其相配的锥槽，使螺钉41的前端顶入该锥槽中，这样即可使螺钉42和可调弹簧座41之间不会相对移位。通过螺钉42即可调节可调弹簧座41向前或向后，从而调节回力弹簧24的弹力大小。
以下结合附图说明本实用新型装置的工作原理及效果。
参照图3和图1。本实用新型装置使用时，将空气流量传感器10装于柴油机的进气管54上，将油量调节器20的调节杆30及操纵杆40分别与柴油机的喷油泵操纵杆61及油门脚踏(踏板)58连接，当油门脚踏处于放松状态时，气阀阀芯31受气阀弹簧35的作用向前使前阀门座32保持关闭状态。当柴油机运转时，由进气管进入柴油机的空气在经过空气流量传感器10的文丘里管11时(图1中的箭头表示气流方向)，其流速会因流量的不同而不同，从而在文丘里管喉颈部的连通管12中产生不同的负压，并使油量调节器20的壳体前后腔也产生同样的负压，随时准备好正确注油量的动作。
当踏上油门脚踏58时，即带动操纵杆40从而带动传动杆38使阀芯31向后移动，打开前阀门座32而关闭后阀门座33，这时壳体前腔27与外部相通，使壳体前后腔之间产生压力差，弹性膜23即向后移动，带动调节杆30也向后移动，从而带动喷油泵操纵杆61实现加油动作。由于调节杆30的移动量即弹性膜23的移动量是与壳体前后腔的压力差成正比的，而该压力差与进入进气管54的空气流量成正比，所以，实现了注油量随进气量自动调节的目的。并且通过选择或调节回力弹簧24的适当的弹力大小，即可使注油量随进气量按标准油气比自动调节。
当柴油机(燃烧室)得到增加的注油量时，其转速即加快，从而增加了吸气的次数，这时进气管54中的空气流量相应加大，又反过来通过油量调节器20使注油量继续加大，如此反复反馈循环使注油量迅速达到所需的大小。当将油门脚踏58一直踏下去(即持续加大油门)时，注油量将不断随着进气量的加大而加大。
从前面所述可知，当将油门脚踏58保持在某一中间位置时，阀芯31和弹性膜23均已向后移动了相应的距离；这时阀芯31的位置相应保持不变，而弹性膜23则随进气量所产生的负压大小而处于一种动态平衡：当阀芯将后阀门座关闭时，弹性膜随壳体前后腔的压力差而向后移动，这时后阀门座被打开，壳体前后腔压力差消失，弹性膜即刻向前复位，后阀门座随着向前移而被阀芯关闭，壳体前后腔又产生压力差使弹性膜又向后移动，如此循环反复，从而使注油量既按进气量自动调节，又保持在与油门脚踏位置相应的范围。
当放松油门脚踏58时，加在阀芯31上使其向后移动的力消失，阀芯31受气阀弹簧35的作用而向前移动，使后阀门座33打开而前阀门座32关闭，这时壳体前后腔压力差消失，弹性膜23及调节杆30在回力弹簧24作用下回复到起始位置，油量调节器停止工作，从而使柴油机瞬间回复到怠速状态。
所以，本实用新型装置既受人为主动操纵，可以保持油门脚踏的任何状态位置，又能自动根据进气量调节合适的注油量，使柴油机在任何工作状态均能按正确的油气比进行运转，使柴油能较理想地完全燃烧，大大减少排出废气中的游离碳粒，从而从根本止防上了黑烟的产生，同时具有显著的节油效果。
本实用新型装置经在型号为羊城YC1030CS的双排座货车(自重3240Kg，载重量1250Kg)上作比较试验，证明消除黑烟效果十分显著，试验结果如表1、表2和图4所示。
图4所示是用“FBY-1烟度计”分别对受测汽车在未装上本实用新型装置和装上本实用新型装置后所排出废气所测得的结果，前者为(a)，后者为(b)。检测方法按照GB3846-83标准，检测结果(a)为4.0Rb(Rb为烟度值，单位波许)，(b)为1.4Rb，说明柴油机装上本实用新型装置后其排出废气的烟度值明显降低，达到消除黑烟的目的。
         表1 车场内目测比较
Figure Y9623779800061
         表2 路试目测比较
Figure Y9623779800062

Claims (3)

1、一种防止柴油机冒黑烟的装置，其特征是该装置包括空气流量传感器(10)和油量调节器(20)两部分；空气流量传感器(10)为一管状体，其内部有一文丘里管(11)，在该文丘里管的喉颈部有一连通管(12)通出外部；油量调节器(20)包括壳体(21)、弹性膜(23)、回力弹簧(24)、调节杆(30)、气阀和操纵杆(40)；壳体(21)内部由弹性膜(23)分隔成壳体前腔(27)和壳体后腔(28)，壳体后腔与空气流量传感器的连通管(12)相连通；回力弹簧(24)一端位于壳体后壁的弹簧座(22)中，另一端顶向弹性膜(23)；调节杆(30)一端穿过壳体前壁与弹性膜(23)固连；气阀位于壳体前壁与壳体后腔(28)之间，操纵杆(40)与气阀相连；气阀阀腔(39)上有前阀门座(32)、后阀门座(33)和通气孔(37)，分别与壳体外部、壳体后腔(28)和壳体前腔(27)相通。
2、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是在所说的弹簧座(22)上加设有由可调弹簧座(41)、调节螺钉(42)、密封盖(43)和密封圈(44)构成的回力弹簧弹力调节机构；可调弹簧座(41)呈“”形，其凹面与弹簧座(22)相对，回力弹簧(24)套在其凸面上，其周边的台阶挡住回力弹簧端部；螺钉(42)穿过弹簧座(22)上与其相配的螺孔，其前端顶住可调弹簧座(41)的凹面；密封盖(43)通过其端口上与螺钉(42)相配的内螺纹拧在螺钉(42)后部，并通过密封圈(44)压紧在弹簧座(22)后方上。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征是调节杆(30)呈管状，所说的气阀由阀芯(31)、前阀门座(32)、后阀门座(33)、弹簧(35)、弹簧挡圈(34)和传动杆(38)构成，该气阀装设于调节杆(30)内部，后阀门座(33)位于调节杆后端内部，与壳体后腔(28)相通，其前方为前阀门座(32)，该前后两阀门座之间构成气阀阀腔(39)，阀芯(31)位于该阀腔中，传动杆(38)的一端穿过前阀门座与阀芯相连，阀腔(39)的侧壁上有一通气孔(37)与壳体前腔(27)相通，弹簧挡圈(34)固定于传动杆(38)上，弹簧(35)套于该传动杆上，其两端分别顶着弹簧挡圈(34)和前阀门座(32)；调节杆(30)的前端近端部有一径向通孔(36)，操纵杆(40)的一端穿过该孔在外部与调节杆(30)铰连，在调节杆内部与传动杆(38)铰连。
CN96237798U 1996-11-25 1996-11-25 防止柴油机冒黑烟的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN2288277Y (zh)

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