CN220842177U - Locking mechanism and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a driving piece and a locking piece which are arranged on the electric vehicle, a matching piece is arranged on a battery pack, and the battery pack is detachably arranged on the electric vehicle; the driving piece is connected with the locking piece and drives the locking piece to move between an unlocking position and a locking position; the matching piece is provided with a locking groove, and when the locking piece is positioned at the locking position, the locking piece moves into the locking groove so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle; the matching piece is used for matching with the electric vehicle to limit the moving direction of the battery pack. According to the locking mechanism, the locking piece is driven by the driving piece on the electric vehicle to unlock and lock the battery pack, the battery pack is only required to be carried by the battery replacement equipment to move, a complex unlocking mechanism is not required to be arranged, the structure and the power replacement flow are simplified, the driving control of the battery replacement equipment is simpler, the cost is saved, the battery replacement equipment is easy to implement in a limited operation space, and the stability and the power replacement efficiency are improved.

Description

Locking mechanism and electric vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of electric vehicle battery replacement, in particular to a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle.

Background

With the strong support of the country to new energy automobiles, electric heavy trucks gradually enter the market, and in order to increase the endurance mileage of electric vehicles in a short time, the power change of the electric vehicles becomes an increasingly important problem. In general, an electric vehicle is charged, but in a large-sized vehicle such as an electric truck, the battery capacity is large because of the weight and load, and therefore, it is necessary to wait a long time to charge and charge the electric vehicle, and commercial use of the electric truck is not utilized. Therefore, the electric vehicle can be supplemented by using the power exchanging mode, so that the use requirement is met, and the cruising mileage can be improved in a short time conveniently.

In the related art, in the process of installing or dismantling a battery pack of an electric vehicle, the battery pack is generally fixed through components such as bolts or buckles, and then when the battery pack is installed or dismantled, a corresponding unlocking mechanism is required to be arranged on a battery replacement device to lock or unlock the battery pack, so that the structure and the function of the battery replacement device are complex, the driving control of the battery pack by the battery replacement device is complex, the battery pack is difficult to operate in a limited operation space, the battery pack is relatively poor in replacement convenience, easy to break down and damage, the cost is high, and the replacement efficiency is relatively slow.

Disclosure of utility model

The application provides a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, which are used for solving at least one of the technical problems.

According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a locking mechanism including a driving member and a locking member provided to an electric vehicle, a mating member provided to a battery pack detachably mounted to the electric vehicle; the driving piece is connected with the locking piece and drives the locking piece to move between an unlocking position and a locking position; the matching piece is provided with a locking groove, and when the locking piece is positioned at the locking position, the locking piece moves into the locking groove so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle; the engaging member is for engaging with the electric vehicle to restrict a moving direction of the battery pack.

The locking mechanism disclosed by the application is matched with the electric vehicle through the matching piece to limit the moving direction of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be initially limited, and the battery pack can conveniently reach the position where locking is convenient to perform, or an advantage condition is provided for alignment of the locking piece and the locking groove; and moreover, the driving piece and the locking piece are arranged on the electric vehicle, the locking piece is an action party, the unlocking and locking of the battery pack are realized by driving the locking piece through the driving piece on the electric vehicle, and the battery pack is only required to be carried by the battery replacement equipment to move, so that a complex unlocking mechanism is not required to be arranged, the structure and the battery replacement process of the battery replacement equipment are simplified, the battery replacement equipment is convenient to implement in a limited operation space, and the stability and the battery replacement efficiency of the battery replacement equipment are improved.

Preferably, a guiding part is arranged on the battery pack, a matching part is arranged on the electric vehicle, and the guiding part is matched with the matching part to limit the moving direction of the battery pack.

Through making the guide part cooperate with the cooperation portion, can guide the battery package to move to target position with high efficiency on the one hand, can avoid battery package movement track to makeing mistakes and need adjust angle, the position etc. of battery package to influence the efficiency of changing electricity repeatedly, on the other hand can carry out the initial limit to the battery package, provide the advantage for the locking of next step, can avoid the battery package to rock or influence the alignment precision of locking piece to the locked groove when the skew to improve locking efficiency.

Preferably, the guide part is a guide block, the matching part is a guide groove, the electric vehicle comprises a vehicle body bracket, and the guide groove is arranged on the vehicle body bracket.

The guide block and the guide groove are adopted, the structure is simple, and the two are convenient to be spliced and matched; because the guide way is arranged on the car body bracket, the grooving is easy to realize and has low requirements on the transformation of the car end compared with other structures, and the grooving can also avoid occupying excessive space of the car end, can be adapted to the transformation of various car types and has higher universality.

Preferably, the locking groove is higher than the upper surface of the body bracket when the locking member is located at the locking position.

From this, it can be understood that when the locking piece is located the locking position, the cooperation piece on the battery package can upwards run through the automobile body support, and the locking piece inserts in the locked groove and locking piece and locked groove all are higher than the upper surface of automobile body support for locking mechanism does not occupy the battery package installation space below the automobile body support, avoids influencing the capacity of battery package.

Preferably, the matching piece protrudes upwards relative to the battery pack, the locking groove is formed in the side wall of the matching piece, and the locking piece enters and exits the locking groove along the horizontal direction.

Therefore, for the chassis type power conversion mode, the battery pack only needs to rise to the height corresponding to the locking groove and the locking piece, when the locking piece is inserted into the locking groove along the horizontal direction to lock the battery pack, the locking stability is good, the follow-up battery pack is prevented from shaking easily when the battery pack is directly locked from the upper part of the battery pack and the follow-up battery pack shakes along with a vehicle, and therefore safety and reliability in the running process of the vehicle are facilitated.

Preferably, the length dimension of the locking groove is greater than or equal to one third of the length of the battery pack.

Through limiting the relation between the length of a single locking groove and the length of the battery pack, the bearing force of the locking piece on the battery pack when the locking piece is positioned at the locking position can be ensured, the risk that the battery pack falls off in the vehicle driving process, particularly when the vehicle is vibrated due to the fact that the locking piece is difficult to bear the weight of the battery pack can be avoided, and the locking strength and reliability are ensured.

Preferably, the battery pack is provided with a plurality of matching pieces, the matching pieces are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the battery pack, and each matching piece is provided with a locking groove.

Through setting up a plurality of fittings, can make a plurality of locking pieces and a plurality of fittings one-to-one, can make a plurality of locking pieces averagely apportion the weight of battery package, can improve the stability and the reliability of locking, prevent that the battery package from dropping and causing the incident.

Preferably, the electric vehicle is provided with a vehicle body support, the driving piece comprises a power source and a driving rod which are connected, the power source is fixed on the vehicle body support, the driving rod is connected with the locking piece, and the power source drives the driving rod to move so as to drive the locking piece to move.

Through being fixed in the automobile body support with the power supply on, the space that is convenient for utilize on the electric vehicle sets up the power supply, perhaps multiplexing the power supply that provides power for other equipment on the electric vehicle, power supply drive actuating lever drives the locking piece and removes, and power structure sets up on the electric vehicle promptly, and need not to set up unlocking structure on the battery replacement equipment, on the one hand can make the structure of battery replacement equipment simplified, on the other hand in the flow of locking or unblock battery package the battery package only need along vertical direction remove can, can simplify the operation of battery replacement equipment to the battery package.

Preferably, the power source includes any one of a motor, a cylinder, and a hydraulic cylinder.

The power source is not limited, can be flexibly arranged according to the requirements, for example, a proper power source can be selected according to the available space of a vehicle end, and when an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder is adopted, the power source is simple to drive, small in size and low in cost, is beneficial to reducing the space occupation of an electric vehicle and prevents interference with surrounding structures. When an electric machine is employed, the battery of the electric vehicle can be directly utilized to provide electric power.

Preferably, the middle part of the battery pack is provided with a capacity expansion part, and when the battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle, the capacity expansion part is positioned on the inner side of the vehicle body bracket or protrudes upwards relative to the vehicle body bracket.

By arranging the capacity expansion part, the electric energy storage of the battery pack can be increased, so that longer endurance time is provided for the electric vehicle; the expansion part can play a guiding role at the same time, namely, the expansion part can move upwards along the inner side of the vehicle body bracket; the expansion part and the locking groove are arranged at different positions of the battery pack, so that interference to movement and locking of the battery pack is avoided.

Preferably, the expansion part is provided with a relief cavity for accommodating at least part of the area of the driving member.

By arranging the avoidance cavity, the interference between the expansion part and the driving part in the upward movement process of the battery pack can be prevented, so that the battery pack can be ensured to rise to the locking height, and the normal operation of a locking program is ensured; and in the process that the driving rod drives the locking piece to move, one end of the driving rod, which is far away from the locking piece, can enter and exit the avoidance cavity, so that the normal operation of the driving piece is ensured, and the locking or unlocking reliability of the battery pack is further ensured.

Preferably, the battery pack is provided with a detection member, the electric vehicle is provided with a sensing member, and the sensing member is used for sensing the detection member to determine the movement position of the battery pack.

Through setting up detection spare and the response piece of mutually supporting, conveniently confirm the motion position of battery package, provide the guide for locking piece start work, help improving locking efficiency.

Preferably, the electric vehicle is provided with a vehicle body bracket, and when the battery pack is locked to the electric vehicle, a partial region of the battery pack abuts against the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket.

Therefore, the upward movement of the battery pack can be limited by the vehicle body support, and the battery pack is abutted to the lower surface of the vehicle body support through the battery pack part, so that the battery pack can be prevented from being easily rocked when the battery pack contacts the vehicle body support only at the locking position, the stability of locking of the battery pack in the follow-up vehicle running process is ensured, and the phenomenon that the locking piece is easily broken due to uneven stress of the locking piece caused by the rocking of the battery pack can be avoided, and then the safety accident is caused.

Preferably, the electric vehicle is provided with a body bracket, and a buffer member is provided between the body bracket and the battery pack.

Through setting up the bolster, when the impact force between the two is great when can avoiding battery package butt automobile body support, wearing and tearing battery package surface easily, perhaps arouse automobile body support and warp, and the alignment of possible influence battery package and locking piece when automobile body support warp, can absorb the impact force or the impact force of battery package promptly with the bolster, can provide battery package and automobile body support protection, provides reliable locking.

According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric vehicle including the above locking mechanism, and a battery pack detachably mounted to the electric vehicle by the locking mechanism.

Thanks to the locking mechanism, the electric vehicle can limit the moving direction of the battery pack through the matching piece, so that the battery pack can be initially limited, and the battery pack can conveniently reach the position where locking is convenient, or an advantage condition is provided for alignment of the locking piece and the locking groove; and moreover, the driving piece and the locking piece are arranged on the electric vehicle, the locking piece is an action party, the unlocking and locking of the battery pack are realized by driving the locking piece through the driving piece on the electric vehicle, and the battery pack is only required to be carried by the battery replacement equipment to move, so that a complex unlocking mechanism is not required to be arranged, the structure and the battery replacement process of the battery replacement equipment are simplified, the battery replacement equipment is convenient to implement in a limited operation space, and the stability and the battery replacement efficiency of the battery replacement equipment are improved.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects obtained by the application are at least as follows:

By adopting the locking mechanism, the matching piece is matched with the electric vehicle to limit the moving direction of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be initially limited, and the battery pack can conveniently reach the position where locking is convenient to perform, or an advantage condition is provided for the alignment of the locking piece and the locking groove; and moreover, the driving piece and the locking piece are arranged on the electric vehicle, the locking piece is an action party, the unlocking and locking of the battery pack are realized by driving the locking piece through the driving piece on the electric vehicle, and the battery pack is only required to be carried by the battery replacement equipment to move, so that a complex unlocking mechanism is not required to be arranged, the structure and the battery replacement process of the battery replacement equipment are simplified, the battery replacement equipment is convenient to implement in a limited operation space, and the stability and the battery replacement efficiency of the battery replacement equipment are improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a part of a structure of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a process of moving a battery pack upward relative to a body frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating insertion of a guide block of the battery pack of fig. 2 into a guide groove.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the locking member of fig. 3 inserted into the locking groove to achieve locking of the battery pack.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals illustrate:

100-electric vehicle, 101-vehicle body bracket, 10-driving piece, 11-locking piece, 12-guide slot, 13-power source, 14-driving rod, 20-battery pack, 21-lock slot, 22-guide block, 23-expansion part and 24-avoidance cavity.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that, without conflict, embodiments of the present application and features in each embodiment may be combined with each other.

In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Example 1:

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the locking mechanism of the present embodiment includes a driving member 10 and a locking member 11 provided to an electric vehicle 100, a mating member is provided to a battery pack 20, and the battery pack 20 is detachably mounted to the electric vehicle 100; the driving piece 10 is connected with the locking piece 11, and the driving piece 10 drives the locking piece 11 to move between an unlocking position and a locking position; the matching piece is provided with a locking groove 21, when the locking piece 11 is positioned at the locking position, the locking piece 11 moves into the locking groove 21 so as to lock the battery pack 20 on the electric vehicle 100; the engaging member is for engaging with the electric vehicle 100 to restrict the moving direction of the battery pack 20.

The locking mechanism of the application can realize the initial limit of the battery pack 20 by matching the matching piece with the electric vehicle 100 to limit the moving direction of the battery pack 20, so that the battery pack 20 can reach the position convenient for locking, or provide favorable conditions for the alignment of the locking piece 11 and the locking groove 21; moreover, the driving piece 10 and the locking piece 11 are arranged on the electric vehicle 100, the locking piece 11 is an action party, the locking piece 11 is driven by the driving piece 10 on the electric vehicle 100 to unlock and lock the battery pack 20, and the battery pack 20 is only required to be carried by the battery replacement equipment to move, so that a complex unlocking mechanism is not required to be arranged, the structure and the power replacement flow of the battery replacement equipment are simplified, the battery replacement equipment is conveniently implemented in a limited operation space, and the stability and the power replacement efficiency of the battery replacement equipment are improved.

The battery pack 20 of the present embodiment may be applied to a chassis-type power conversion structure of an electric vehicle 100, wherein the electric vehicle 100 includes, but is not limited to, a truck vehicle, such as a heavy truck, a van, etc., and the electric vehicle 100 has a heavy body and a strong cargo capacity, and the vehicle may be divided into two parts: the large-scale independent container comprises a head part and a carriage part, wherein the carriage part is mainly a large-scale independent container which can be hung on the head part.

Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle 100 is the head portion of a heavy truck, which may be later articulated to a large container or like compartment portion (not shown in FIG. 1) to provide high cargo capacity for the heavy truck. The electric vehicle 100 has, for example, a body bracket (not shown in fig. 1) thereon for carrying and locking the battery pack 20, and mounting of the battery pack 20 is achieved.

Specifically, the locking mechanism includes two parts: the driving member 10 and the locking member 11 are provided on the electric vehicle 100, and the locking groove 21 is provided on the battery pack 20. The driving member 10 and the locking member 11 are acting, when the locking action occurs, the battery pack 20 is not moved, only the locking member 11 is required to move, and when the locking member 11 moves to be inserted into the locking groove 21, the battery pack 20 is locked.

In order to make the battery pack 20 more accurately reach the position where the locking is performed, a guide portion is provided on the battery pack 20, a mating portion is provided on the electric vehicle 100, and the battery pack 20 can be moved toward the mating portion under the direction of the guide portion until the guide portion is mated with the mating portion, so that the battery pack 20 reaches a proper position to facilitate the next locking operation. Meanwhile, the guiding part is matched with the matching part, so that the limit of the battery pack 20 in some directions can be realized, and the battery pack 20 is prevented from moving continuously.

As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the guide portion is, for example, a guide block 22, and the mating portion is, for example, a guide groove 12, on the one hand, when the battery pack 20 moves upward, the angle of the battery pack 20 can be adjusted according to the orientation of the guide groove 12 so that the guide block 22 is aligned with the guide groove 12, and the function of guiding the movement of the battery pack 20 can be achieved; on the other hand, after the guide block 22 is inserted into the guide groove 12, the battery pack 20 will not continue to move upward, and the guide groove 12 can restrict the movement of the battery pack 20 in the X-direction and the Y-direction, thereby achieving the initial limit of the battery pack 20, after which the battery pack 20 remains stationary to provide stable conditions for the operation of the locking member 11. The X direction may be a longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle 100, and the Y direction is a width direction of the electric vehicle 100. Or the X direction may refer to a direction along the width of the electric vehicle 100, in which case the Y direction is along the length of the electric vehicle 100.

The electric vehicle 100 includes, for example, a body bracket 101, and the guide groove 12 is provided on the body bracket 101. As shown in fig. 2, the vehicle body bracket 101 can provide mounting positions for the driving member 10 and the locking member 11, and compared with other structures, the vehicle body bracket 101 is provided with grooves, so that the vehicle body bracket is easy to process, has low requirements on the transformation of a vehicle end, can avoid occupying excessive space of the vehicle end, can be suitable for transformation of various vehicle types, and has higher universality. Fig. 2 shows that the body frame 101 has a symmetrical double-sided structure, on each of which a driving member 10, a locking member 11 and a guide groove 12 are provided. Correspondingly, the battery pack 20 also has symmetrical guide blocks 22.

It can be understood that the combination of the guiding portion and the mating portion may also be that a guiding groove is provided on the battery pack 20, and a guiding block is provided on the electric vehicle 100, which also has the effects of guiding the movement of the battery pack 20 and initially limiting the battery pack 20.

Regarding the mating members on the battery pack 20, the mating members protrude upward with respect to the battery pack 20, and the mating members may be disposed as follows. In some examples, the mating members are multiplexed as the guide blocks 22, i.e., the mating members and the guide blocks 22 may be implemented using the same component, helping to simplify the structure of the battery pack 20. In other examples, the mating element and the guide block 22 are each independently provided.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, a locking groove 21 is formed on a side wall of the mating member, and the locking member 11 is moved in and out of the locking groove 21 in a horizontal direction. For the chassis-type battery-changing mode, in order to satisfy the locking of the battery pack 20, the locking groove 21 may be provided on the side wall of the mating member as shown in fig. 5, and of course, the locking groove 21 may also be provided on the bottom wall of the battery pack 20. When the locking groove 21 is provided on the bottom wall of the battery pack 20, the insertion of the locking member 11 into the locking groove 21 is obviously insufficient to bear the weight of the battery pack 20, and therefore, a structure for additionally supporting the battery pack 20 is also required, which is not beneficial to the simplification of the vehicle end structure; and the battery pack 20 needs to be moved upward a large distance, which is highly required for the operation of the battery exchange device. When the locking groove 21 is formed in the side wall of the matching piece, the locking piece 11 is inserted into the locking groove 21, and the locking piece 11 can bear the weight of the battery pack 20 through lateral stress, so that other structures for additionally supporting the battery pack 20 are not needed, the structure of the battery pack 20 can be simplified, the upward moving distance of the battery pack 20 is shortened compared with that of the former method, and the battery pack 20 is beneficial to improving the electricity conversion efficiency.

As shown in fig. 3, the lock member 11 is provided on the vehicle body bracket 101, and the lock groove 21 is higher than the upper surface of the vehicle body bracket 101 when the lock member 11 is in the lock position. Specifically, after the guide block 22 penetrates the guide groove 12 upward such that the locking groove 21 reaches a height corresponding to the locking piece 11, the locking piece 11 is inserted into the locking groove 21 in the horizontal direction, and locking of the battery pack 20 can be completed. Preferably, the locking member 11 may be disposed on the upper surface of the body bracket 101, which may enable the body bracket 101 to provide support to the locking member 11 in the locked position, which may enhance the load bearing capacity of the battery pack 20.

Fig. 2 shows that the body bracket 101 has a symmetrical double-sided structure, and the number of the locking pieces 11 and the locking grooves 21 of the present application can be set according to actual needs, taking a single-sided structure as an example. For example, when a single locking member 11 and locking groove 21 are provided, the length dimension of the locking groove 21 may be set to be greater than or equal to one third of the length of the battery pack 20 in order to secure the bearing strength of the locking member 11 to the battery pack 20. The single locking groove 21 may be provided at a middle position of the battery pack 20 in the length direction so that the locking member 11 uniformly receives the weight of the battery pack 20, thereby ensuring stability and firmness of locking. For example, a plurality of locking members 11 and locking grooves 21 may be provided, and a plurality of mating members are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the battery pack 20, each mating member is provided with a locking groove 21, and the locking members 11 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the locking grooves 21. At this time, the length of the single locking groove 21 can be relatively reduced, and the plurality of locking members 11 bear the weight of the battery pack 20 together, so that the locking firmness can be improved, and the risks of breakage of the locking members 11 and falling of the battery pack 20 can be reduced.

The depth of the lock groove 21 may be set so as to provide a firm, stable, and reliable locking effect.

Further, in the solution that the electric vehicle 100 is provided with the vehicle body bracket 101, the driving member 10 includes a power source 13 and a driving rod 14 that are connected, the power source 13 is fixed on the vehicle body bracket 101, the driving rod 14 is connected with the locking member 11, and the power source 13 drives the driving rod 14 to move so as to drive the locking member 11 to move.

By fixing the power source 13 on the vehicle body bracket 101, the power source is conveniently arranged by utilizing the space on the electric vehicle 100, or the power source for providing power for other equipment on the electric vehicle 100 is reused, the power source 13 drives the driving rod 14 to drive the locking piece 11 to move, namely, the power structure is arranged on the electric vehicle 100, and the power exchange equipment is not required to be provided with an unlocking structure, so that the structure of the power exchange equipment can be simplified, and on the other hand, the battery pack 20 only needs to move along the vertical direction in the process of locking or unlocking the battery pack 20, so that the operation of the power exchange equipment on the battery pack 20 can be simplified.

As shown in fig. 2, the driving member 10 is supported on the upper surface of the body frame 101, for example, and the locking member 11 is preferably disposed near the guide groove 12 so that the locking member 11 is inserted into the locking groove 21 to achieve locking by moving the locking member 11a short distance when the battery pack 20 moves upward until the guide block 22 protrudes from the guide groove 12, simplifying the moving path of the locking member 11, and the locking member 11 only needs to be inserted into the locking groove 21 in the horizontal direction. One end of the driving rod 14 is telescopically arranged on the power source 13, the other end of the driving rod is connected with the locking piece 11, and the driving piece 10 has a simple integral structure, is beneficial to reducing the configuration requirement on the vehicle end and saves the cost.

The application is not limited to a particular form of power source 13, for example, power source 13 may be a motor, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or the like. When the air cylinder or the hydraulic cylinder is adopted, the driving is simple, the volume is small, the cost is lower, the occupation of the space of the electric vehicle is reduced, and the interference with surrounding structures is prevented. When an electric machine is employed, the battery of the electric vehicle can be directly utilized to provide electric power.

Further, the battery pack 20 has a capacity expansion portion 23 in the middle, and the capacity expansion portion 23 is located inside the body frame 101 when the battery pack 20 is locked to the electric vehicle 100.

As shown in fig. 2, the battery pack 20 moves upward so that the expansion portion 23 is aligned with the space inside the body frame 101, and when the battery pack 20 reaches the locking position, the expansion portion 23 may be located inside the body frame 101, and when the expansion portion 23 is high, it may be raised above the body frame 101 to protrude upward with respect to the body frame 101. By providing the expansion portion 23, the electric energy storage of the battery pack 20 can be increased to provide a longer duration for the electric vehicle 100. The shape and size of the expansion portion 23 can be set according to actual requirements, and the present application is not required. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the interference between the expansion portion 23 and the body bracket 101 when the battery pack 20 moves upward, the range of the expansion portion 23 may be limited to be within the range of the space inside the body bracket 101.

Further, the expansion portion 23 is provided with a relief cavity 24, and the relief cavity 24 is used for accommodating at least a partial area of the driving member 10.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, when the arrangement direction of the driving member 10 is perpendicular to the side wall of the capacity expansion portion 23, by providing the escape cavity 24, the capacity expansion portion 23 is prevented from striking the driving member 10 when the battery pack 20 moves upward, or the locking is prevented from being affected by the driving member 10 that the battery pack 20 cannot rise to a desired height. The power source 13 is close to the avoidance cavity 24, one end of the power source 13, which is far away from the locking piece 11, can partially extend into the avoidance cavity 24, and one end of the driving rod 14, which is far away from the locking piece 11, can enter and exit the avoidance cavity 24 in the telescoping process of the driving rod 14.

It will be appreciated that the arrangement direction of the driving member 10 may be different from the direction in fig. 4, for example, the arrangement direction of the driving member 10 may be parallel to the extending direction of the vehicle body bracket 101, and the capacity expansion portion 23 may omit the avoiding cavity 24, so as to increase the volume of the capacity expansion portion 23 and increase the electric energy storage capacity of the battery pack 20. At the same time, in order to meet the movement of the locking element 11 in the horizontal direction, the drive rod 14 needs to have an adapted transmission direction.

Since the battery pack 20 is required to be moved up to the height of the locking groove 21 aligned with the locking member 11 before the locking member 11 is operated, in order to determine the timing of starting the operation of the locking member 11 to improve the locking efficiency, the battery pack 20 is provided with a sensing member, and the electric vehicle 100 is provided with a sensing member for sensing the sensing member to determine the movement position of the battery pack 20.

In a specific application, when the battery pack 20 moves up to the sensing range of the sensing member or reaches the sensing position of the sensing member, the sensing member senses the sensing member and sends out an indication signal to indicate the action of the locking member 11. Assuming that the sensing member senses the sensing member and the battery pack 20 moves upward to a proper position, the position of the battery pack 20 may refer to the position where the locking groove 21 is aligned with the locking member 11, for example. In addition, when the battery pack 20 moves upward in place, the power changing device can stop moving after that, and the situation that the battery pack 20 is lifted upwards to the vehicle body bracket 101 to possibly damage the structures of the battery pack 20 and the vehicle body bracket 101 when the power changing device still outputs upward lifting force can be avoided.

In some examples, the sensing element is, for example, an inductive body, and the sensing element is an inductive switch. The induction switch may be any one of an electromagnetic induction switch, an infrared induction switch, a photoelectric induction switch, and the like, and may be any one of inductors of different materials and structures according to the type of the induction switch.

In other examples, the sensing element is a magnet, for example, and the sensing element is a hall element.

In addition to the above, when the battery pack 20 is locked to the electric vehicle 100, a partial region of the battery pack 20 abuts on the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket 101.

As shown in fig. 4, the vehicle body bracket 101 has a plate structure, for example, except for the locking points, part of the upper surface of the battery pack 20 can be abutted against the lower surface of the corresponding vehicle body bracket 101, so that the vehicle body bracket 101 can be used for limiting the upward movement travel of the battery pack 20, and the battery pack 20 can be prevented from easily shaking when the battery pack 20 contacts the vehicle body bracket 101 only at the locking points through the part of the battery pack 20 abutting against the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket 101, the stability of locking of the battery pack 20 in the following vehicle driving process is ensured, and the phenomenon that the locking piece 11 is broken due to uneven stress caused by shaking of the battery pack 20 can be avoided, so that a safety accident is caused.

Preferably, a buffer is provided between the body bracket 101 and the battery pack 20.

By providing the buffer member, when the impact force between the battery pack 20 and the vehicle body bracket 101 is large, the outer surface of the battery pack 20 is easy to wear, or the vehicle body bracket 101 is easy to deform, and the alignment of the battery pack 20 and the locking member 11 may be affected when the vehicle body bracket 101 is deformed, that is, the impact force or the impact force of the battery pack 20 can be absorbed by the buffer member, so that the battery pack 20 and the vehicle body bracket 101 can be protected, and reliable locking can be provided. The cushioning material is, for example, cushioning cotton or silicone adhered to the upper surface of the battery pack 20 or the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket 101, and is selected according to actual requirements.

The specific operation flow of the locking mechanism in the embodiment when the battery pack 20 is assembled and disassembled is as follows: during installation, the battery pack 20 to be installed is driven by the battery replacement device to move to the bottom of the electric vehicle 100, then the battery pack 20 is lifted by the battery replacement device, so that the battery pack 20 reaches the height at which the locking groove 21 is flush with the locking piece 11, then the locking piece 11 moves towards the locking groove 21 to be inserted into the locking groove 21, locking is achieved, and the battery replacement device returns. When the battery pack 20 is dismounted, the battery replacement device moves to the position below the battery pack 20 to be dismounted and lifts up to support the battery pack 20, then the locking piece 11 moves away from the locking groove 21 and is separated from the locking groove 21, and then the battery replacement device drives the battery pack 20 to return to convey the battery pack 20 to the charging position.

Because the battery pack 20 is lifted vertically only by the battery replacement device, the battery pack 20 is not required to be driven to perform locking action, the operation requirement on the battery replacement device is low, the configuration of the driving and control ends of the battery replacement device is facilitated to be simplified, and meanwhile, the structure of the battery pack 20 is simplified.

Example 2:

In addition to the locking mechanism provided in embodiment 1 described above, this embodiment provides an electric vehicle 100 including the locking mechanism shown in fig. 2, by which the battery pack 20 is detachably attached to the electric vehicle 100. The type of the electric vehicle 100 may be the electric vehicle 100 shown in fig. 1, or may be another type. The electric vehicle 100 includes a body bracket 101, and the battery pack 20 is detachably mounted to the body bracket 101.

Thanks to the locking mechanism, the electric vehicle can limit the moving direction of the battery pack through the matching piece, so that the battery pack can be initially limited, and the battery pack can conveniently reach the position where locking is convenient, or an advantage condition is provided for alignment of the locking piece and the locking groove; and moreover, the driving piece and the locking piece are arranged on the electric vehicle, the locking piece is an action party, the unlocking and locking of the battery pack are realized by driving the locking piece through the driving piece on the electric vehicle, and the battery pack is only required to be carried by the battery replacement equipment to move, so that a complex unlocking mechanism is not required to be arranged, the structure and the battery replacement process of the battery replacement equipment are simplified, the battery replacement equipment is convenient to implement in a limited operation space, and the stability and the battery replacement efficiency of the battery replacement equipment are improved.

The application can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art at the places which are not described in the application.

In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (13)

1. The locking mechanism is characterized by comprising a driving piece and a locking piece which are arranged on an electric vehicle, wherein a matching piece is arranged on a battery pack, and the battery pack is detachably arranged on the electric vehicle; the driving piece is connected with the locking piece and drives the locking piece to move between an unlocking position and a locking position; the matching piece is provided with a locking groove, and when the locking piece is positioned at the locking position, the locking piece moves into the locking groove so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle; the engaging member is for engaging with the electric vehicle to restrict a moving direction of the battery pack.

2. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The battery pack is provided with a guide part, the electric vehicle is provided with a matching part, and the guide part is matched with the matching part to limit the moving direction of the battery pack.

3. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 2, wherein,

The guide part is a guide block, the matching part is a guide groove, the electric vehicle comprises a vehicle body bracket, and the guide groove is arranged on the vehicle body bracket.

4. A locking mechanism as set forth in claim 3, wherein,

When the locking piece is positioned at the locking position, the locking groove is higher than the upper surface of the vehicle body bracket.

5. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The matching piece protrudes upwards relative to the battery pack, the locking groove is formed in the side wall of the matching piece, and the locking piece enters and exits the locking groove along the horizontal direction.

6. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The length dimension of the locking groove is more than or equal to one third of the length of the battery pack; or alternatively

The battery pack is provided with a plurality of matching pieces, the matching pieces are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the battery pack, and each matching piece is provided with a locking groove.

7. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The electric vehicle is provided with a vehicle body support, the driving piece comprises a power source and a driving rod which are connected, the power source is fixed on the vehicle body support, the driving rod is connected with the locking piece, and the power source drives the driving rod to move so as to drive the locking piece to move.

8. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 7, wherein,

The power source comprises any one of a motor, a cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder.

9. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 7, wherein,

The middle part of the battery pack is provided with a capacity expansion part, and when the battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle, the capacity expansion part is positioned at the inner side of the vehicle body bracket or protrudes upwards relative to the vehicle body bracket.

10. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 9, wherein,

The expansion portion is provided with an avoidance cavity for accommodating at least a partial region of the driving member.

11. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The battery pack is provided with a detection part, the electric vehicle is provided with an induction part, and the induction part is used for inducing the detection part to determine the movement position of the battery pack.

12. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The electric vehicle is provided with a vehicle body bracket, and when the battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle, a partial area of the battery pack is abutted against the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket; and/or

The electric vehicle is provided with a vehicle body bracket, and a buffer piece is arranged between the vehicle body bracket and the battery pack.

13. An electric vehicle comprising the locking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a battery pack is detachably attached to the electric vehicle by the locking mechanism.