CN218184329U - Multifunctional full-degradable mulching film - Google Patents
Multifunctional full-degradable mulching film Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN218184329U CN218184329U CN202123431515.1U CN202123431515U CN218184329U CN 218184329 U CN218184329 U CN 218184329U CN 202123431515 U CN202123431515 U CN 202123431515U CN 218184329 U CN218184329 U CN 218184329U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- mulching film
- holes
- multifunctional
- degradable mulching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 Poly Butylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920001896 polybutyrate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 53
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000012260 Accidental injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a multifunctional full-degradable mulching film which is made of PBAT material and comprises a nutrition layer, a water seepage weed removal layer and a light reflection heat preservation layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; wherein, the nutrient layer is provided with a plant nutrient solution coating and is provided with a seedling hole and a drug delivery seepage hole; the water seepage weeding layer is provided with a herbicide coating and is provided with air holes; the reflection of light heat preservation is equipped with reflection of light resin layer and has seted up the hole that catchments on keeping away from the surface on infiltration weed-removing layer. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film aims at solving the problems of environmental pollution and unreasonable structural design of the traditional PE mulching film.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural products, concretely relates to multi-functional full degradation plastic film.
Background
The mulching film is a ground covering film, and the mulching film covering technology is introduced from the end of the last 70 th century in China, so that the great yield increase of grains and vegetables is effectively realized. However, common mulching films are non-degradable PE films, so that white pollution is easily caused, the land is damaged, the function is single, and irrigation is not easy to realize; CO outside of mulch film 2 Moisture and oxygen in the mulching film are difficult to enter the mulching film, and the oxygen in the mulching film is difficult to discharge, so that the temperature in the mulching film is often too high in summer, and seedlings are damaged; insect damage and weed growth are easy to occur. Meanwhile, part of the functional mulching films which are easy to irrigate and can be used for drug administration in the current market are too complex and redundant in structure, and are difficult to distinguish crops from weeds, so that the crops are accidentally injured.
In order to solve the problems, a mulching film with a simple structure is urgently needed to realize similar functionalization and recombination of easy irrigation, breathing, insect expelling, weeding and the like under the condition of satisfying degradable environment protection.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem solved by the utility model is that the environmental pollution and the structural design of the traditional PE mulching film are unreasonable.
(II) technical scheme
The utility model provides a multifunctional full-degradable mulching film which is made of PBAT material and comprises a nutrition layer, a water seepage weeding layer and a light reflection heat preservation layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; wherein,
the nutrient layer is provided with a plant nutrient solution coating and is provided with a seedling hole and a drug delivery seepage hole;
the water seepage weeding layer is provided with a herbicide coating and is provided with air holes;
the reflection of light heat preservation is keeping away from the infiltration weed removal layer be equipped with the reflection of light resin layer on the surface and seted up the water catch bowl.
Furthermore, the seedling outlet holes and the drug delivery seepage holes are alternately formed in the nutrition layer at intervals in sequence.
Furthermore, the seedling outlet hole is a cross-shaped cut, and the administration seepage hole is a round hole.
Further, the seedling outlet hole is coincident with the horizontal axis of the drug delivery seepage hole.
Further, the diameter of the air holes is larger than that of the seedling holes.
Furthermore, the air holes are round holes, and the horizontal axis of each air hole is overlapped.
Further, the water collecting hole is a cross-shaped cut.
Furthermore, the seedling outlet holes are coincided with the geometric centers of the corresponding air holes and the corresponding water collecting holes.
Further, the nutrition layer is a black mulching film.
Furthermore, the water-permeable weed-removing layer and/or the light-reflecting heat-insulating layer are/is transparent mulching films.
(III) advantageous effects
The utility model provides a multi-functional full degradation plastic film, raw and other materials are PBAT, and its concrete structure includes the three-layer, is nutrition layer, infiltration weeding layer and reflection of light heat preservation respectively, and wherein seedling hole, medicine infiltration liquid hole have been seted up on the nutrition layer, and the bleeder vent has been seted up on the infiltration weeding layer, and reflection of light heat preservation has seted up the hole that catchments, and the rete thickness and the coating design of different positions are also different. Through the material and the structural design, under the precondition of meeting the environmental protection requirement, the material has the advantages of simple structure, ventilation, heat preservation and easy irrigation, can prevent the growth of peripheral weeds of planted crops and insect pests from approaching the crops, and is suitable for the cultivation and growth of various planted crops.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional fully degradable mulching film provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a layered structure of a multifunctional fully degradable mulching film provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a nutrition layer; 11-seedling holes; 12-administration weep hole; 2-a water-permeable weed-removing layer; 21-air holes; 3-reflecting heat-insulating layer; 31-water collecting holes; 100-soil matrix.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, substitutions and improvements in the parts, components and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional fully degradable mulching film provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the mulching film is made of PBAT, and includes a nutrition layer 1, a water-permeable weed-removing layer 2 and a reflective insulation layer 3 stacked in sequence from bottom to top; wherein, the nutrient layer 1 is provided with a plant nutrient solution coating and is provided with a seedling hole 11 and a drug delivery seepage hole 12; the water seepage weeding layer 2 is provided with a herbicide coating and is provided with a vent hole 21; the reflective heat preservation layer 3 is provided with a reflective resin layer on the surface far away from the water seepage weed removal layer 2 and is provided with a water collecting hole 31.
In the above embodiment, the raw material is PBAT, and the specific structure thereof comprises three layers, namely a bottom layer-nutrition layer, a middle layer-water seepage weeding layer and a top layer-reflective heat preservation layer, wherein the nutrition layer is provided with seedling emergence holes and drug seepage holes, the water seepage weeding layer is provided with air holes, the reflective heat preservation layer is provided with water collection holes, and the thickness of the film layer at different positions is different from the design of the coating. Through foretell material and structural design, under the prerequisite that satisfies the environmental protection requirement, not only simple structure, ventilative heat preservation, easy irrigation can also prevent to plant peripheral weeds of crop and grow, prevent that the insect pest is close the crop, applicable cultivation, the growth in multiple planting crop.
The setting of the reflector layer of top layer plastic film then can avoid the insect pest to be close after the crop seedling, guarantees the growth vigor after the crop seedling. Meanwhile, the plants at the early stage of the crops are small, the illumination saturation point is low, and the growth of the crops cannot be influenced even if the reflective film is laid. But the top layer membrane thickness is thicker, and the retention time is long, when having guaranteed the plastic film bulk strength, in the plant break the growth period after the top layer seedling hole, the illumination saturation point is high, and the top layer membrane can provide abundant illumination more for the plant this moment, prolongs the plastic film action time, promotes the plant and colors.
In some optional embodiments, the nutrition layer 1 is sequentially provided with seedling emergence holes 11 and administration seepage holes 12 at intervals. The design can ensure that maggots can weed after each crop seedling, and ensure the maggots to grow quickly.
In some alternative embodiments, the emergence orifices 11 are cross-cuts and the administration weep orifices 12 are round orifices. Specifically, the bottom layer is provided with a cross-shaped notch and a round hole at the interval of 100mm 150mm respectively, the length and the width of the cross-shaped notch are 30mm 50mm, and the diameter of the round hole is 50mm 70mm. The design of cross incision, not only furthest has guaranteed the intramembranous earlier stage temperature, does benefit to and plants crop root system development, for planting the crop and emerge and reserve sufficient space, behind the production comdenstion water in the membrane moreover, under the potential energy effect, the comdenstion water can gather more at cross intersect, produces the effect that directional drip irrigation, is equivalent to the soil water collector of natural formation, conveniently plants crop seed absorption moisture, root system growth. The round hole of basement membrane and cross incision interval 100mm 150mm, leave sufficient space for the crop interval, improved the gas permeability of plastic film, simultaneously because this region is non-planting crop growth area, can directly contact with the herbicide coating on second floor, prevent that this region and near soil from breeding weeds and be unlikely to the planting crop of distal end and produce the growth influence.
In some alternative embodiments, the emergence orifices 11 coincide with the horizontal axis of the administration weep orifices 12. Particularly, the method can ensure that crops emerge neatly and improve the insect expelling and weeding effects.
In some alternative embodiments, the diameter of the ventilation holes 21 is larger than that of the seedling holes 11. Wherein, the middle layer is a herbicide coating, the action time is mainly the growth period after the seedling emergence of the crops, the total thickness of the middle layer is 0.004mm and 0.006mm, and air holes 21 (round holes) are arranged at intervals of 100mm and 150mm, and the diameter of the round holes is 50mm and 70mm. Set up like this, let the round hole diameter be greater than cross notched length wide, can let the crop keep away from infiltration weed removal layer 2 as far as possible after emerging, avoid the crop accidental injury, the crop emergence back strengthens illumination needs simultaneously, and transparent plastic film has satisfied this requirement.
In some alternative embodiments, the ventilation holes 21 are circular holes, and the horizontal axes of each ventilation hole 21 coincide. Wherein, the design is matched with the seedling holes 11 to ensure that each seedling crop can absorb CO in the air 2 And external moisture.
In some alternative embodiments, the water collection holes 31 are cross-shaped cutouts. Specifically, the total thickness of the top layer is 0.006mm and 0.01mm, cross-shaped notches are formed at intervals of 100mm and 150mm, and the length and the width of each notch are 30mm and 50mm. The cross-shaped notch of the top mulching film has the advantages that external moisture can enter the inside of the mulching film through the cross point of the cross-shaped notch, the internal moisture cannot be lost to the outside against the cross-shaped notch, and meanwhile, the temperature of crops in the early stage of growth is guaranteed to the maximum extent.
In some alternative embodiments, the geometric centers of the emergence holes 11 and the corresponding air holes 21 and water collecting holes 31 coincide with each other. Wherein, the structure can meet the requirement that each seedling-emerging crop can absorb moisture and CO to the maximum extent 2 。
In some alternative embodiments, the nutritive layer 1 is a black mulch. Specifically, the bottom layer nutrient layer mulching film is a black mulching film, the action period of the bottom layer nutrient layer mulching film is mainly the early stage of crop growth and seedling emergence, the thickness is 0.004mm and 0.006mm, the light transmittance is 5 percent, and the coating layer is a plant nutrient solution.
Wherein, use black plastic film not only can preserve water and protect moisture in soil, compare in transparent plastic film, can let the covering soil obtain 104%110% water supply in plant growth earlier stage, simultaneously because black plastic film luminousness is lower, the covering soil is more invariable in earlier stage temperature, and growth vigor is better. Meanwhile, nutrient solution on the surface of the condensed water mixed membrane in the membrane permeates into soil, so that the nutrient solution is more beneficial to the growth of planted crops. The thickness of the bottom mulching film is 0.004mm and 0.006mm, and the bottom mulching film is lighter and thinner than the common PE mulching film with the thickness of 0.01mm, is easier to degrade and is easy to synchronize with the seedling emergence period of crops.
In some optional embodiments, the water permeable weeding layer 2 and/or the light reflecting heat preservation layer 3 are transparent mulching films. Particularly, the transparent material can meet the requirement of crops on illumination after emergence of seedlings.
In conclusion, the multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film has the following advantages:
easy irrigation, water retention, heat preservation and soil moisture preservation; weeding and expelling insects without accidentally injuring crops; the action time of the mulching film is prolonged, the illumination in the later growth period of the plants is supplemented, and the crops are colored; the product is fully degradable and environment-friendly; simple structure and easy operation.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A multifunctional full-degradable mulching film is characterized in that the multifunctional full-degradable mulching film is made of PBAT (Poly Butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and comprises a nutrition layer (1), a water seepage weed removal layer (2) and a light reflection heat preservation layer (3) which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; wherein,
the nutrient layer (1) is provided with a plant nutrient solution coating and is provided with seedling holes (11) and drug delivery seepage holes (12);
the water seepage weed removal layer (2) is provided with a herbicide coating and is provided with air holes (21);
reflection of light heat preservation (3) are keeping away from the infiltration weed removal layer (2) be equipped with reflection of light resin layer on the surface and seted up water collecting hole (31).
2. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the seedling holes (11) and the drug-delivery liquid-seepage holes (12) are alternately formed in the nutrition layer (1) at intervals in sequence.
3. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seedling holes (11) are cross-shaped incisions, and the administration weeping holes (12) are round holes.
4. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film according to claim 3, wherein the seedling hole (11) is coincident with the horizontal axis of the drug delivery seepage hole (12).
5. The multifunctional fully degradable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein said ventilation holes (21) have a diameter larger than that of said seedling holes (11).
6. The multifunctional full degradable mulching film according to claim 1 or 5, wherein said ventilation holes (21) are circular holes, and the horizontal axis of each ventilation hole (21) is coincident.
7. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the water collecting holes (31) are cross-shaped cuts.
8. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein said seedling holes (11) are coincident with the geometric centers of said air holes (21) and said water collecting holes (31).
9. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient layer (1) is a black mulching film.
10. The multifunctional fully-degradable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable weed-removing layer (2) and/or the light-reflecting heat-insulating layer (3) is a transparent mulching film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123431515.1U CN218184329U (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Multifunctional full-degradable mulching film |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123431515.1U CN218184329U (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Multifunctional full-degradable mulching film |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218184329U true CN218184329U (en) | 2023-01-03 |
Family
ID=84627453
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123431515.1U Active CN218184329U (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Multifunctional full-degradable mulching film |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN218184329U (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-12-30 CN CN202123431515.1U patent/CN218184329U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102577816B (en) | Slope crop seeding raising method | |
| CN103238435B (en) | Method for constructing cotton population structure of jujube and cotton intercropping drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang | |
| CN103461038B (en) | Harmless management method for diseases, insects and weeds at tea tree seedling stage of organic tea garden | |
| CN103503666A (en) | Redrlowered loropetalum cutting propagation method | |
| CN105532338A (en) | Novel winter plant protection system and use method thereof | |
| CN103333001B (en) | Nutrient soil for cultivating artemisia selengensis and artemisia selengensis cultivation method | |
| CN104429514A (en) | Method for planting small fruit tomatoes | |
| CN102630543B (en) | Fast growing and cultivation method for surrounded mulberry | |
| CN102845205A (en) | Efficient cultivation method of wheat and corn | |
| CN218184329U (en) | Multifunctional full-degradable mulching film | |
| CN204837332U (en) | Plastic film is used in tobacco planting that effectively prevents weeds growth | |
| CN109006084A (en) | The black central, clear Multifunctional composite mulching film of two silver medals of one kind and its manufacturing method | |
| CN206909253U (en) | Small-sized solar film canopy | |
| CN102405823A (en) | Soilless cultivation nutrient supply base of poaceae plants and production method | |
| CN109006228A (en) | A kind of fast numerous method of giantreed sugar-free | |
| CN113455270B (en) | Construction method of three-dimensional functional hedge for peach orchard | |
| CN109526521A (en) | A kind of fruit in kiwi fruit tree garden herds fishing 3 D stereo and efficiently plants aquaculture model | |
| CN208724530U (en) | A kind of black central, clear Multifunctional composite mulching film of two silver medals | |
| CN208850309U (en) | A kind of transparent black three colors Multifunctional composite mulching film of silver | |
| CN106804340A (en) | One kind covers ridge seedling greenhouse | |
| CN203340712U (en) | Weeding reflective yield-increasing degradable agricultural film | |
| CN207869880U (en) | A kind of double-colored agricultural mulching | |
| CN106105725A (en) | A kind of method of soil layering plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti | |
| CN113229022A (en) | Production method of chaihu selenium-rich organic lycium barbarum | |
| CN102246681A (en) | Wild-simulated culture method of persimmon trees |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |