CN102630543B - Fast growing and cultivation method for surrounded mulberry - Google Patents

Fast growing and cultivation method for surrounded mulberry Download PDF

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CN102630543B
CN102630543B CN 201210080455 CN201210080455A CN102630543B CN 102630543 B CN102630543 B CN 102630543B CN 201210080455 CN201210080455 CN 201210080455 CN 201210080455 A CN201210080455 A CN 201210080455A CN 102630543 B CN102630543 B CN 102630543B
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mulberry
planting
bud
grafting
core
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CN102630543A (en
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陈祥平
冯永德
柯皓天
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Sichuan Academy Of Silk Sciences Co ltd
SICHUAN SILK ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
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SICHUAN SILK ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
SICHUAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SILK SCIENCE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a fast growing and cultivation method for surrounded mulberry, which includes the steps of performing 'group planting', variety grafting, quickly shaping by 'core-prying and tip-breaking process', managing shape and the like. Each mulberry tree is distributed in a form having two forks, four shoots and eight branches. 6000-8000 shoots per mu are guaranteed. Fast and scientific shaping of mulberry is achieved. Land economization and high yield are achieved. The method is simple to operate and has the advantages of fastness in production, high yield, convenience in management and the like, land resources are fully utilized, unit-area economic benefit of land is increased, and the method is significant for increasing famers' income, improving motivation of the farmers on mulberry planting, stabilizing sericulture basis and promoting healthy and fast development of sericulture. In addition, by the method, high yield is achieved, quality materials are supplied to mulberry production enterprises, and advantages for extension of industrial chain and fast and continuous development of regional sericulture are created.

Description

A kind of fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mulberry cultivation technology, specifically refer to a kind of fruit mulberry fast growing and high yield high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Planting mulberry, sericulture, throwing, knitting silk fabric is that Ancient Chinese is invented for the people's greatness, has had the history in more than 5000 year." farming and sericulture is founded a state, and mulberry is protected in legislation " in the existing history in several thousand of China, more than the 6000 kind of woody plant in the whole nation gone back the neither one seeds and can enjoy special honours like this.Just all states propagate to the Eurasia by " Silk Road " before more than 3000 years for China silk product and sericulture technology.At present, the sorosis resource is in industry, medicine, food development utilization, and particularly health care aspect makes much progress, and this is conducive to human health, meets high-quality human lives's developing direction.
Mulberry tree is as medicinal and edible plant, in the history in existing thousands of years of China, we can say the own medicinal material market of China, and mulberry tree is just the same with Radix Glycyrrhizae to become indispensable medicinal material.Because " book on Chinese herbal medicine " mulberry that China successive dynasties successive dynasties go out all therein, mainly contain mulberry leaf, frosted mulberry leaf, blue or green mulberry fruit, white mulberry fruit, black mulberry, the root bark of white mulberry, mulberry ear etc.On the Chinese medicine book, particularly as medicinal material, mulberry be can be described as have the greatest esteem." allusion quotation art " says " essence that mulberry is the dustpan star "." song is said " square book claims " merit of mulberry is the most refreshing ".Along with progress of science and technology, the health care of fruit mulberry is medicinal more and more, and the mystery of its " Shenmu County " is all modern science and technology and proves.Since ancient times, people think that medicine has three fens poison, and as the mulberry tree of integration of drinking and medicinal herbs, then do not have noxious material extremely.In recent years, the industry development of fruit mulberry is rapid.
Sorosis claims mulberries again, and the good reputation of " China fruit king ", " the holy fruit in the human world " is arranged.Exploitation so that its wine brewing that shows unique characteristics, beverage, food, medicine series arrive natural colouring matter has abundant nutritive value and good health care effect.Ancient and modern classics record as: " herbal guiding principle wood " smashes juice drink, the clothes that relieve the effect of alcohol, sharp aqueous vapor, detumescence; Dirty and the controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs of " the southern regions of the Yunnan Province book on Chinese herbal medicine " kidney-nourishing is to obey black invention order.Sharp the five internal organs, joint, venting QI-blood.Also have " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary ", the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, Tang Materia Medica, " book on Chinese herbal medicine is looked for the truth ", supplement to the Herbal, " Bencao Jingshu ", " Tang materia medica " etc. all to put down in writing the medical care effect of sorosis.1993, the Ministry of Public Health sorosis has been listed in be food be again among the list of medicine.People's this emerging product that just waiting in expectation enters among the life early.
Mulberry fruit claims again: sorosis.The amino acid that not only contains 16 kinds of needed by human body, also have multivitamin and organic acids such as B1, B2, contain nutrient components such as mineral matter element such as iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and carotin, cellulose, pectin simultaneously, have body immunity, the enriching yin of enriching blood of raising, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, ease constipation is dry, make eye bright that crow sends out, the anti-ageing effect of waiting for a long time.1993, the Ministry of Public Health with sorosis list in be food be again among the list of medicine, mulberry fruit becomes dietotherapy two suitable " third generation fruit upstart ".
The main product of sorosis already be pluck mulberry fruit eat raw become with production and processing that mulberry fruit wine (as Sang Ganhong, sorosis beer etc.), cloudy mulberry juice, mulberry red pigment, sorosis sauce, sorosis freeze, mulberry vinegar etc., the relevant rich choice of products of sorosis exploitation is widely used in food industry, bio-pharmaceuticals, printing and dyeing, papermaking, feed, silkworm industry etc.In recent years, along with the development of fruit mulberry specialty industries and the profound exploitation of relevant new product, demand to fruit mulberry raw material sorosis is increasing, traditional fruit mulberry culture technique is because floor space is wideer, the operation time limit is long, mu mulberry fruit yield is not high, have influence on the plantation enthusiasm at the fruit mulberry planter family of planting to a certain extent, restricting the development of fruit mulberry industry.The fruit mulberry culture technique of therefore, explore to excavate the life of a kind of speed, high yield, getting bumper crops, saving land is imperative.
In recent years, flourish along with fruit mulberry specialty industries, the innovation and development thinking, try to explore the comprehensive utilization of fruit mulberry, think hard at cropping pattern, method and mulberry field development and use, particularly to the exploration of the fast growing and high yield high-yield cultivating method of high quality fruit mulberry and the attention that research more and more is subjected to each association area.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method according to the deficiencies in the prior art, and the problem to be solved in the present invention is to improve a kind of silkworm industry basis that both had been conducive to stablize, and is conducive to the fruit mulberry fast growing and high yield high-yield cultivating method that the silkworm raiser increases income again.Cultivation method of the present invention has not only taken full advantage of land resources, improves the economic benefit of soil unit are, and becomes the model of development multi-storied agriculture, the ecological agriculture, sight-seeing agriculture.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) " group planting method " field planting; 2) kind grafting; 3) " choose the disconnected tip method of core " and support type fast; 4) the tree type is managed and protected;
Described " group planting method " field planting is: the specification that according to nest distance * line-spacing is 0.6 * 0.4 meter, at the plot periphery, be the wrong nest field planting of " △ " shape, " △ " shape three limits equidistantly are 0.2 meter, three strains are positioned at three summits of " △ " shape, every nest group planting 3 strains, every mu of group planting 400～800 nest, totally 1200～2400 strains; Above-mentioned " group planting method " field planting method is applied to limit, the soil, angle of plot periphery, because reasonably field planting is arranged, can take full advantage of sunlight, soil keeping ability, maximum capacity performance land resources efficient.
Described kind grafting is to dock 2 buds at every branch;
Described " choosing the disconnected tip method of the core " type of supporting fast comprises:
Choose core, next year after the grafting, the growth that begins to sprout of grafting bud, launch this section period at " magpie mouth phase " to first spire, with bamboo let or sharp-pointed article the bud core is chosen disconnectedly, blocking-up bud core stripping grows up to young sprout, after the bud core is subjected to choosing the breakdown wound, a plurality of budlings are sent in the axillary bud sprouting growth, and good budling growth forms first order Zhi Gan to keep 2 stalwartnesses and adnation position;
The disconnected tip treats that young sprout grows 15～20 centimetres high after choosing core, pinches the topping point, and the tip that break impels axillary bud sprouting, forms second level Zhi Gan fast, forms the tree type of " 2 pitch 48 bifurcations ".
It is per 3 years one " little waist " that further described tree type is managed and protected, and keeps 0.6～0.7 meter of tree height degree, and the tree type is " 48 bifurcations of 2 forks " and distributes, and guarantees that every mu has 6000～8000 in results branch.
Further described " group planting method " field planting comprises: when the seedling true leaf length to 3 of growing directly from seeds～4 for transplanting optimum period, should turn over to dig before the field planting and level land, the mode that adopts trench digging or dig nest, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, blinding is 10～14 centimetres on base fertilizer, uses plastic mulching again, and seedling is planted in the ground by specification, harmony soil compresses, and executes normal root water after planting immediately.
Further described kind grafting comprises: carry out before mulberry tree germinates in mulberry tree resting stage, select the smooth place of epidermis for liftoff 10～15 centimetres at trunk, the skin bud grafting is cut in employing, dock 2 buds with grafting knife, tight with the film tape wrapping, only reveal the bud point outside, 2 buds are up and down at a distance of 5～6 centimetres, then the top branch is miter angle and cuts off, clip is level and smooth.
" group planting method " field planting when the seedling true leaf length to 3 of growing directly from seeds～4 for transplanting optimum period; Should turn over to dig before the field planting and level land, the mode that adopts trench digging or dig nest applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and blinding is 10～14 centimetres on base fertilizer, uses plastic mulching again, and seedling is planted in the ground by specification, and harmony soil compresses, and executes normal root water after planting immediately.
When the mulberry bud begins to sprout, break off with the fingers and thumb except or eliminate original bud with grafting knife, to guarantee the centralizedly supply of grafting bud nutrition.
Above-mentioned fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method more specifically mainly comprises the steps:
1, " group planting method " field planting; 2, kind grafting; 3, " choose the disconnected tip method of core " and support type fast; 4, the tree type is managed and protected.
Further its concrete grammar is;
1. " group planting method " field planting
1.1 the field planting time
Mid-April-September, when the seedling true leaf length to 3 of growing directly from seeds～4 for transplanting optimum period.
1.2 field planting specification
" group planting method " field planting is: the specification that according to nest distance * line-spacing is 0.6 * 0.4 meter, on plot periphery or each shape soil, be the wrong nest field planting of " △ " shape, " △ " shape three limits equidistantly are 0.2 meter, three strains are positioned at three summits of " △ " shape, every nest group planting 3 strains, every mu of group planting 400～800 nest, totally 1200～2400 strains.
1.3 field planting method
Should turn over to dig before the field planting and level land, the mode that adopts trench digging or dig nest uses sufficient base fertilizer, and the most handy farmyard manure of base fertilizer adds composite fertilizer, and blinding is 10～14 centimetres on base fertilizer, prevents that nutrition soil from contacting with base fertilizer, and the burn young root is used plastic mulching again.Seedling is planted in the ground by specification, and harmony soil compresses, and uses sufficient normal root water after planting immediately.Described field planting can take full advantage of periphery soil, plot and carry out.
2, kind grafting
2.1 grafting time
All can carry out before mulberry tree germinates in mulberry tree resting stage, the general time is the early Febuary of mid or late October to next year.
2.2 grafting method
Select the smooth place of epidermis for liftoff 10～15 centimetres at trunk, adopt cut skin bud grafting technology winter, dock 2 buds with grafting knife, tight with the film tape wrapping, only reveal the bud point outside, 2 buds are up and down at a distance of 5～6 centimetres, then the top branch is miter angle and cuts off, require clip level and smooth.
3, " choose the disconnected tip method of core " and support type fast
3.1 choose core.In late Febuary next year, the growth that begins to sprout of grafting bud, launch this section period at " magpie mouth phase " to first spire, choose the bud core disconnected with bamboo let or sharp-pointed article, blocking-up bud core stripping grows up to young sprout, because bud core (being growing point) sustains damage, axillalry bud is with germination and growth, send a plurality of budlings, only keep the budling growth preferably of 2 stalwartnesses and adnation position and form first order Zhi Gan.
Described " magpie mouth phase ": after referring to the mulberry tree rudiment, expose at spire 2-3 sheet tip, and shape is like " magpie mouth ", so claim this stage to be " magpie mouth phase " visually.From take off the bud to the magpie mouth approximately through 3-7 days.
3.2 the disconnected tip.To the first tenday period of a month in May, young sprout can grow 15～20 centimetres high, and pinch the topping point this moment, and the tip that breaks impels axillary bud sprouting, forms second level Zhi Gan fast, forms the tree type of " 48 bifurcations of 2 forks ", reaches 6000～8000 in every mu of results branch.
3.3 points for attention.Late Febuary, the mulberry bud began to sprout, and the original bud on the stock is sprouted Zao than grafting bud, must in time break off with the fingers and thumb and remove or eliminate with grafting knife, to guarantee the centralizedly supply of grafting bud nutrition.
4, the tree type is managed and protected
Annual winter, late November wiped out small and weak branch, sick branch to early January from base portion behind the mulberry tree fallen leaves, cut off the tender taper branch of branch top 10～20 centimeter length, as too early top clipping, the discovery of hibernaculum autumn takes place easily resemble; If do not cut, then the coming year, shoot and leaf growth was relatively poor, and the sorosis maturation is slower, and easily came off naturally, and per 3 years one " little waist " keeps 0.6～0.7 meter of tree height degree, and the tree type is " 48 bifurcations of 2 forks " and distributes, and reaching every mu has 6000～8000 in results branch.After fruit picking finished at the end of May, in time the summer was cut down, and the implementation summer is cut down with the heavy pruning in winter and takes turns to carry out, and guarantees the tree vigo(u)r normal growth.
Described " little waist ": be a kind of method that mulberry tree is supported type.Specifically refer to: in foster type process since annual cut to cut down all retain 15-20 centimetre at the branch base portion, year in and year out, prop up and do level time constantly increase, the position that clockwork spring is branched out constantly raises, and causes the ability of the Zhan Ye of branching out to descend, be unfavorable for picking leaves operation and growing of mulberry, influence output.In order to recover tree vigo(u)r, improve output, just must cut the dried hat that falls, make its rejuvenation.Its method is before spring, resin flowed, and dried amputation 2-3 level is propped up on top be called " little waist "; Amputation 4-5 level is called " big waist ".Cut when doing, the dried crotch of Ying Zaizhi is cut under the top slightly, is beneficial to the resting bud sprouting and branches out.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Traditional fruit mulberry plantation, be to utilize en bloc according to specifications of planting such as 1 * 2 meter or 1.5 * 0.8 meters to plant, planting density is less, 0.07 hectare can be planted 333～666 strains, output is because fruit mulberry races difference, on average at 1500～2500 kilograms, about 4000～6000 yuan of every mu of fruit mulberry output value, land utilization rate, output capacity are lower.Aspect the type of supporting, tradition fruit mulberry is planted and formed first order Zhi Gan in 1 year, forms second level Zhi Gan on the 3rd year, and reaching high yield tree type needs 4-5 at least, has delayed the operation time limit of fruit mulberry.
Short, instant effect of fruit mulberry fast growing and high yield high-yield cultivating method cycle.Plant mulberry then, can breeding silkworms then goes into operation takes effect.The silkworm raiser makes good use of mulberry field, newly-built one mu well in field " fruit mulberry fast growing and high yield high yield ", 1200～2400 strains of mu surrounding edge group planting, and mu Sang Xiaoyi on average can reach 6000-8000 unit, reaches as high as 10000 yuan, compares with traditional fruit mulberry cultivation mode, and mu Sang Xiaoyi is multiplied.
1, land utilization rate height, comprehensive output capacity height, good in economic efficiency
This law mainly is to be 0.6 * 0.4 meter specification according to nest distance * line-spacing,, is the wrong nest field planting of " △ " shape at the plot periphery, " △ " shape three limits equidistantly are 0.2 meter, and three strains are positioned at three summits of " △ " shape, every nest group planting 3 strains, every mu of group planting 400～800 nest, totally 1200～2400 strains.Simultaneously soil central authorities vacate that the plot also can plant big capable mulberry, the dense planting leaf use the mulberry field, also can plant grain and other economic crops.
This law singly the soil periphery from plant the fruit mulberry, the sorosis per mu yield can reach 2500～3500 kilograms, mu a Sang Xiaoyi on average can reach 6000～8000 yuan, reach as high as 10000 yuan, compare with traditional fruit mulberry cultivation mode, mu a Sang Xiaoyi be multiplied.
Adopt " from the method for planting " field planting, only utilize a small amount of soil of the rand fruit mulberry of planting, meet or exceed en bloc the economic benefit of plantation comprehensively; Can also plant in the mulberry field simultaneously Ye Yongsang, grain, medicinal material, vegetables etc. can fully be improved land utilization rate, unit are output capacity, increase the overall economic efficiency in soil.
This law can be applied to monoblock soil establishing in large scale equally.
2. simple to operate, foster type is quick, operation is fast
This law adopts " choosing the disconnected tip method of core ", removes the apical growth advantage of bud, bar, nutrient is transported in spire and the axillalry bud goes, promote spire and the mitogenetic sprouting of axillalry bud, form fast new growing point, can form the high yield tree type of " 48 bifurcations of 2 forks " then, next year the sorosis of can gathering.This technology is simple to operate, not only simplified the fruit mulberry and supported the type step, and 1-2 goes into operation the fruit mulberry in advance, has the fast characteristics of going into operation.
In sum; the present invention is simple to operate; have fast, the characteristics such as output is high, convenient management of going into operation; taken full advantage of land resources; improved the economic benefit of soil unit are; for increasing farmers' income; improve the silkworm raiser and plant mulberry enthusiasm; stablize silkworm industry basis; promote that silkworm industry healthy and rapid development is significant; adopt this law to reach the high yield aim of high yield simultaneously, manufacturing and processing enterprise provides quality raw materials for the fruit mulberry, and extension industry chain, the regional silkworm industry of propelling sustained and rapid development creation have been had advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram is arranged in the present invention's " group planting method " field planting.
Among the figure, X is line-spacing, and Y is the nest distance, and Z is the length of side of every nest equilateral triangle.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment, and embodiment is to the further specifying of the principle of the invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way, or similar techniques identical with the present invention all do not exceed the scope of protection of the invention.
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is further specified.
The inventive method comprises the steps:
A, " group planting method " field planting; B, kind grafting; C, " choosing the disconnected tip method of core " are supported type fast; D, tree type are managed and protected;
Further its concrete grammar is;
A. " group planting method " field planting
The field planting time.Annual mid-April is to September, when the seedling true leaf length to 3 of growing directly from seeds～4 for transplanting optimum period.
The field planting specification.Be 0.6 * 0.4 meter specification according to nest distance * line-spacing,, be the wrong nest field planting of " △ " shape at the plot periphery, " △ " shape three limits equidistantly are 0.2 meter, and three strains are positioned at three summits of " △ " shape, every nest group planting 3 strains, every mu of group planting 400～800 nest, totally 1200～2400 strains.In conjunction with shown in Figure 1, (Y * X)=0.6 * 0.4 meter, " △ " shape three limit Z equidistantly are 0.2 meter to nest distance * line-spacing.
Field planting method.Should turn over to dig before the field planting and level land, the mode that adopts trench digging or dig nest uses sufficient base fertilizer (the most handy farmyard manure of base fertilizer adds composite fertilizer), and at base fertilizer loam cake 3～4 inch of land, (preventing that mulberry sapling from contacting with base fertilizer, the burn young root) uses plastic mulching again.Mulberry sapling is planted in the ground by specification, and harmony soil compresses, and uses sufficient normal root water after planting immediately.
B. kind grafting
Grafting time.All can carry out before mulberry tree germinates in mulberry tree resting stage, the general time is the early Febuary of mid or late October to next year.
Grafting method.Select the smooth place of epidermis for liftoff 10～15 centimetres at trunk, adopt cut skin bud grafting technology winter, dock 2 buds with grafting knife, tight with the film tape wrapping, only reveal the bud point outside, 2 buds are up and down at a distance of 5～6 centimetres, then the top branch is miter angle and cuts off, require clip level and smooth.
C, " choosing the disconnected tip method of core " are supported type fast
Choose core.In late Febuary next year, the growth that begins to sprout of grafting bud launches this section period at " magpie mouth phase " to first spire, chooses the bud core disconnected with bamboo let or sharp-pointed article, blocking-up bud core stripping grows up to young sprout, keeps the budling growth preferably of 2 stalwartnesses and adnation position and forms first order Zhi Gan.
The disconnected tip.To the first tenday period of a month in May, young sprout can grow 15～20 centimetres high, and pinch the topping point this moment, and the tip that breaks impels axillary bud sprouting, forms second level Zhi Gan fast, forms the tree type of " 48 bifurcations of 2 forks ", reaches 6000～8000 in every mu of results branch.
Points for attention.Late Febuary, the mulberry bud began to sprout, and the original bud on the stock is sprouted Zao than grafting bud, must in time break off with the fingers and thumb and remove or eliminate with grafting knife, to guarantee the centralizedly supply of grafting bud nutrition.
D, tree type are managed and protected
Annual winter, late November wiped out small and weak branch, sick branch to early January from base portion behind the mulberry tree fallen leaves, and the tender taper branch that cuts off branch top 10～20 centimeter length (as too early top clipping, the discovery of hibernaculum autumn takes place easily resemble; If do not cut, then the coming year, shoot and leaf growth was relatively poor, and the sorosis maturation is slower, and easily came off naturally), per 3 years little waists keep 0.6～0.7 meter of tree height degree, and the tree type is " 48 bifurcations of 2 forks " and distributes, and reaches 6000～8000 in every mu of results branch.After fruit picking finished at the end of May, in time the summer was cut down, and the implementation summer is cut down with the heavy pruning in winter and takes turns to carry out, and guarantees the tree vigo(u)r normal growth.
For the later stage managing of mulberry field, should note mulberry field fertilising, water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
The mulberry field fertilising.The yield and quality that sufficient illumination and fertile soil can guarantee sorosis.According to fertility difference and the physical condition of soil, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is reasonably combined by 5: 3: 4, and based on fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is auxilliary.
Plant Sang Dangnian and use sufficient base fertilizer.Based on farmyard manure and compoiste fertilizer, guarantee the quick strong growth of tree body, be to bear fruit in 1 year to accomplish fluently nutrition foundation.Can execute farmyard manure 3000-4000 kilogram, compoiste fertilizer 150kg for every mu when generally planting.
Fertilising after going into operation.For the first time: spring " vernalization flower forcing fertilizer ".Generally in the early flowering season, based on quick action fertilizer and composite fertilizer, as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, compoiste fertilizer etc.Ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, every mu of fertilising 50-70kg; At the potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the leaf tow sides all will spray) of young fruit period foliage-spray one time 0.3%, to improve the sugar content of fruit, make the big look of mulberry fruit fruit gorgeous, the stable yields volume increase.
For the second time: the summer is cut down " vigorous branches fertilizer ".Can impel the mulberry bud to sprout, young sprout is grown fast.Generally after mid-June, the summer was cut down, based on quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer and fertilizer.Ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, every mu of fertilising 50kg; When young sprout length arrived 30cm, available 300 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates carried out foliar application 4～5 times, promoted young sprout to grow fast, were high yield accumulation in coming year nutrient.
For the third time: the winter basal dressing.Generally mulberry tree resting stage carries out in the winter time, based on farmyard manure and superphosphate.Open the dressing furrow of dark 40cm, wide 40cm at the field planting interline, every mu applies the high-quality farmyard manure 4000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and sneaks into phosphate fertilizer 70kg.
The mulberry field water management.The fruit mulberry is high especially to moisture requirement in fruit growth stage and maturing stage, and as arid, when moisture was inadequate, fruit shape was little, and fruit juice is inadequate, yields poorly, and in time pour water.But fruit mulberry intolerant to waterlogging, ponding is easily dead, so will note draining rainy season.Fruit Sang Shengchang optimum soil moisture is the 70%-80% of maxmun field capacity, as is lower than at 50% o'clock and will irrigates, and the general experience of going up of producing is that 20-30 centimetre of agglomerating with holding, openhanded namely the opening of soil is the soil moisture content that suits under the topsoil.
The mulberry field extermination of disease and insect pest.Fruit mulberry damage by disease and insect is less, and insect pest mainly contains mulberry small weevil, mulberry longicorn, chafer etc., and disease mainly is stalk break.Wipe out the damage by disease and insect branch annual winter, and spray long-acting phase pesticide control insect pest.When March, early and middle ten days mulberry bud was just sprouted, with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethachlon wetting powder or 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl tree body and ground are sprayed comprehensively, pluck fruit and stopped to spray medicine in preceding 15 days.The sick fruit of discovery should in time be extractd, and takes out of outside the garden buried.In the non-period of growth of the crop, spray with 1000～1500 times of liquid of isocarbophos, from early June to three periodically sprinkles by the end of September, the generation of control mulberry field damage by disease and insect and spreading.

Claims (4)

1. a fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1) " group planting method " field planting; 2) kind grafting; 3) " choose the disconnected tip method of core " and support type fast; 4) the tree type is managed and protected;
Described " group planting method " field planting is: the specification that according to nest distance * line-spacing is 0.6 * 0.4 meter, at the plot periphery, be the wrong nest field planting of " △ " shape, " △ " shape three limits equidistantly are 0.2 meter, three strains are positioned at three summits of " △ " shape, every nest group planting 3 strains, every mu of group planting 400～800 nest, totally 1200～2400 strains;
Described kind grafting is to dock 2 buds at every branch;
Described " choosing the disconnected tip method of the core " type of supporting fast comprises:
Choose core, next year after the grafting, the growth that begins to sprout of grafting bud, launch this section period at " magpie mouth phase " to first spire, with bamboo let or sharp-pointed article the bud core is chosen disconnectedly, blocking-up bud core stripping grows up to young sprout, after the bud core is subjected to choosing the breakdown wound, a plurality of budlings are sent in the axillary bud sprouting growth, and good budling growth forms first order Zhi Gan to keep 2 stalwartnesses and adnation position;
The disconnected tip treats that young sprout grows 15～20 centimetres high after choosing core, pinches the topping point, and the tip that break impels axillary bud sprouting, forms second level Zhi Gan fast, forms the tree type of " 2 pitch 48 bifurcations ".
2. fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is per 3 years one " little waist " that described tree type is managed and protected, keep 0.6～0.7 meter of tree height degree, the tree type is " 48 bifurcations of 2 forks " and distributes, and guarantees that every mu has 6000～8000 in results branch.
3. fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described " group planting method " field planting comprises: when the seedling true leaf length to 3 of growing directly from seeds～4 for transplanting optimum period, should turn over to dig before the field planting and level land, the mode that adopts trench digging or dig nest applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and blinding is 10～14 centimetres on base fertilizer, use plastic mulching again, seedling is planted in the ground by specification, and harmony soil compresses, and executes normal root water after planting immediately.
4. fruit mulberry surrounding edge quick-growing cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described kind grafting comprises: carry out before mulberry tree germinates in mulberry tree resting stage, select the smooth place of epidermis for liftoff 10～15 centimetres at trunk, the skin bud grafting is cut in employing, docks 2 buds with grafting knife, and is tight with the film tape wrapping, only reveal the bud point outside, 2 buds at a distance of 5～6 centimetres, are miter angle with the top branch then and cut off up and down, and clip is level and smooth.
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CN105145231A (en) * 2015-07-29 2015-12-16 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 Excellent and labor-saving train-culturing method for fruit mulberry
CN105284413A (en) * 2015-12-04 2016-02-03 唐秀克 High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for mulberries
CN115226556A (en) * 2022-08-05 2022-10-25 江西省经济作物研究所 Ecological mulberry planting method capable of simultaneously reducing sclerotinia rot and bird damage of mulberry

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