CN213867652U

CN213867652U - Farmland ecological ditch for purifying agricultural water

Info

Publication number: CN213867652U
Application number: CN202022303953.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李阳; 张�雄; 李冰心; 王玉磊
Original assignee: BEIJING ZEHO WATERFRONT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT TREATMENT CORP
Current assignee: BEIJING ZEHO WATERFRONT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT TREATMENT CORP
Priority date: 2020-10-16
Filing date: 2020-10-16
Publication date: 2021-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-16

Abstract

The utility model relates to a farmland ecological irrigation canals and ditches for purifying agricultural subsiding of water, the lateral wall of irrigation canals and ditches is built by fragment of brick rule closely arranged, the bottom of irrigation canals and ditches is along horizontal including the substrate original state soil layer that is located the middle part and being located respectively the matrix layer of the left and right sides of substrate original state soil layer, substrate original state soil layer is planted and is had aquatic plant, constitutes aquatic plant and plants the area, the fragment of brick is hollow brick, the hole that runs through the brick body about hollow brick is equipped with, it has emergent aquatic plant to plant in the hole, constitutes emergent aquatic plant and plants the area. The utility model discloses mainly adopt natural ecological material to establish, can be when carrying the farmland to move back water, utilize the absorption degradation function of natural vegetation to reduce by a wide margin the nitrogen phosphorus pollutant and the suspended solid in agricultural move back water and the surface runoff, make agricultural move back water accomplish the pollutant purification before converging into low reaches rivers lake etc. and accept the water, compromise the environmental effect and the biological effect of farmland irrigation canals and ditches, have higher water purification capacity and natural landscape and worth.

Description

Farmland ecological ditch for purifying agricultural water

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an ecological irrigation canals and ditches especially relate to an ecological irrigation canals and ditches in farmland for purifying agricultural water return.

Background

At present, in the construction process of irrigation and water conservancy, the rigidity bank protection is given first place to traditional irrigation and drainage ditch protection and step form, mainly has the bank of filling block stone, brick lining channel, the cast-in-place bank protection of plain concrete to and prefabricated U-shaped channel, prefabricated plate bank protection etc.. The slope protection brickworks in the forms usually emphasize the functions of seepage prevention, waterlogging drainage, storage regulation, irrigation and the like of ditches on one side, pay more attention to the stability of slopes, neglect the influence on ecological environment and living environment, and have the defects mainly embodied in the following aspects: (1) the consumption of the block stone masonry material is large, the thickness of the block stone protective masonry is generally not less than 30 cm, more channel sections are occupied, the leakage-proof effect is affected by easy damage and sedimentation, the maintenance cost is high, the environment protection is enhanced, mountain stones are gradually limited and forbidden to be exploited in various places, and a large amount of block stone raw materials required by the engineering are increasingly difficult to organize; (2) the brick lining channel has poor consolidation strength and is easy to be damaged by lateral soil pressure, local collapse often occurs in 3-5 years or even shorter time after the channel is built, a surface mortar layer is easy to be stripped from a brick body, the surface of the brick body is differentiated to different degrees after the brick body is soaked in water for a long time, the strength is reduced, and the service life of the engineering is shortened; (3) the quality of concrete revetment construction is difficult to control and is influenced by the flatness and compactness of the earthwork under the slope, the concrete slope revetment construction has certain difficulty in aspects of slope forming, vibration and the like, sedimentation cracks are easy to occur in the operation process to cause obvious leakage, and particularly for some seasonal water passing ditches, a large amount of soil bodies below the concrete cracks are elutriated to form through holes; (4) the large-scale closed type building has the advantages that the material exchange between soil and water is isolated, the growth of plants on two banks of the ditch is inhibited, an ecological system and an environment in which animals and plants live are destroyed in the ditch, the original biological chain and ecological balance are broken, and the self-cleaning capacity of the water in the ditch is reduced; (5) the water body in the farmland ditch is generally poor in mobility, and because concrete has certain alkalinity, a large amount of concrete is soaked in the water body for a long time, so that the alkalinity in the water body is enhanced, particularly in high-temperature weather in summer, agricultural irrigation and survival of aquatic animals and plants are not facilitated, and meanwhile, various additives used in concrete construction can also influence the water quality and the water environment.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

For overcoming the above-mentioned defect of prior art, the utility model provides a ecological irrigation canals and ditches in farmland for purifying agricultural water return can carry the farmland water return when, reduce the agricultural nitrogen phosphorus pollutant that moves back the aquatic by a wide margin.

The utility model discloses realize above-mentioned purpose's technical scheme is: the utility model provides an ecological irrigation canals and ditches in farmland for purifying agricultural subsiding of water, the lateral wall of irrigation canals and ditches is built by fragment of brick rule closely arranging, the bottom of irrigation canals and ditches is along horizontal including the bottom matter original state soil layer (former soil) that is located the middle part and being located respectively the matrix layer of the left and right sides on bottom matter original state soil layer, bottom matter original state soil layer is used for planting aquatic plant, forms aquatic plant and plants the area.

Preferably, the substrate layer is an inorganic substrate layer.

Preferably, the substrate layer comprises a gravel layer, a zeolite layer and a volcanic rock layer which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, or a substrate layer containing gravel, zeolite or volcanic rock is adopted.

Preferably, the gravel has a particle size of 50-100mm, the zeolite has a particle size of 10-30mm, and the volcanic rock has a particle size of 30-60 mm.

Preferably, the undisturbed soil layer of the substrate and the matrix layer have the same height, which is 400-600 mm.

Preferably, the cross section of the ditch is in an inverted trapezoid shape.

Preferably, the aquatic plant is one or more of cress, wild rice stem, arrowhead, gordon euryale seed, allium mongolicum regel or reed.

Preferably, the brick block is a hollow brick, the hollow brick is provided with a hole which penetrates through the brick body from top to bottom, and the hole is used for planting emergent aquatic plants to form an emergent aquatic plant planting belt.

Preferably, the hollow brick is a hollow brick with a cross section in a regular hexagon shape.

Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant is loosestrife and/or cattail.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the utility model discloses mainly adopt natural ecological material to establish, can be when carrying the farmland to move back water, utilize the absorption degradation function of natural vegetation to reduce by a wide margin nitrogen phosphorus pollutant and suspended solid in agricultural move back water and the surface runoff, wherein the reduction rate of nitrogen pollutant can reach more than 50%, the reduction rate of phosphorus pollutant can reach more than 60%, the reduction rate of suspended solid can reach more than 90%, make agricultural move back water accomplish the pollutant purification before converging low reaches river lake etc. and accept the water, the environmental effect and the biological effect of farmland irrigation canals and ditches have been compromise, higher water purifying capacity and nature landscape value have, be favorable to enhancing people's experience and sensory effect in natural environment. The utility model discloses a building material ecology, environmental protection do not have the harmfulness to the environment, and have the universality, and engineering cost and maintenance cost are low, low price, easily popularization. The utility model discloses can provide the place of growing, breed and perch for aquatic animal, promote regional ecological function.

2. The utility model discloses a bottom original state soil layer with the setting of matrix layer makes the roughness is great at the bottom of the canal of irrigation canals and ditches, can effectively slow down the velocity of flow of agricultural recession, slows down the washing away of rivers to the bottom of the canal, combines the function of consolidating sand of solid soil in aquatic plant planting area can effectively prevent soil erosion and water loss. When the agricultural speed of flow slows down of retiring water, prolonged the dwell time of retiring water in the irrigation canals and ditches, can effectively improve the matrix layer with the aquatic plant plants the purifying effect of area to the nitrogen phosphorus pollutant in the retiring water and suspended solid to realize deep purification to the agricultural of the flow through the irrigation canals and ditches.

3. Setting in emergent aquatic plants planting area, on playing the basis that soil and water keep effect to the irrigation canals and ditches side slope, can be to the rainwater runoff that converges into in the irrigation canals and ditches from the lateral wall top of irrigation canals and ditches purify, also can play the deep purification effect to the agricultural of the irrigation canals and ditches of flowing through simultaneously, the matrix layer of its horizontal both sides helps the whole stability of substrate original state soil layer, emergent aquatic plants planting area and irrigation canals and ditches bed body, reduce the erosion of rivers substrate original state soil layer to for the bricklaying lateral wall provides required support.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a plan view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the utility model discloses a farmland ecology irrigation canals and ditches for purifying agricultural is catched, its cross section is preferred to be down trapezoidal, lateral wall 1 of irrigation canals and ditches is closely arranged by the fragment of brick rule and is built, the bottom (the canal bottom) of irrigation canals and ditches is along horizontal (cross section direction) including the bottom matter original state soil layer 2 that is located the middle part and being located respectively the matrix layer 3 of the left and right sides of bottom matter original state soil layer, bottom matter original state soil layer is planted there is aquatic plant 4, constitutes aquatic plant species and plants the area.

The matrix layer is preferably an inorganic matrix layer preferably comprising a gravel layer, a zeolite layer and a volcanic layer, sequentially disposed one above the other, typically the zeolite layer is about 1/2 the total thickness of the three layers and the gravel layer is about 1/2 the thickness of the volcanic layer, or an inorganic matrix layer comprising gravel, zeolite or volcanic rock is used. Wherein, the particle size of the gravel is preferably 50-100mm, the particle size of the zeolite is preferably 10-30mm, and the particle size of the volcanic rock is preferably 30-60 mm.

The undisturbed soil of the undisturbed soil layer of the substrate preferably adopts soil with the organic matter content higher than the background value of the soil, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the aquatic plants. The height of the undisturbed soil layer and the matrix layer is generally the same, and is 400-600mm, such as 400mm, 500mm or 600mm, preferably 500 mm. When the height of the undisturbed soil layer of the substrate is lower than 300mm due to the scouring of water flow, the undisturbed soil or planting soil of the substrate is timely filled. In practice, however, the undisturbed soil layer of the substrate can be stabilized for a long time at a level slightly below the substrate layer due to the protection of the substrate layers on both sides and the plants being planted and the deposition of soil impurities in the water.

The bottom material original state soil layer and the setting of matrix layer make the canal bottom roughness of irrigation canals and ditches is great, can effectively slow down the velocity of flow of agricultural recession, slows down rivers and to the washing out at the canal bottom, combines the soil fixation of aquatic plant planting area fixes husky function, can effectively prevent soil erosion and water loss. When the agricultural speed of flow slows down of retiring water, prolonged the dwell time of retiring water in the irrigation canals and ditches, can effectively improve the matrix layer with the aquatic plant plants the purifying effect of area to the nitrogen phosphorus pollutant in the retiring water and suspended solid to realize deep purification to the agricultural of the flow through the irrigation canals and ditches.

The matrix layer can be provided with a plurality of bamboo piles or wooden piles, the lower parts of which are rammed into the soil layer below the matrix layer, and the bamboo piles or wooden piles are approximately distributed at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction so as to be beneficial to the stability of the matrix layer.

The aquatic plant is preferably selected from varieties which can provide grains, vegetables, medicinal materials, paper raw materials, packing fillers, handmade weaving raw materials, feeds, fertilizers and the like and have economic value, such as one or more of cress, wild rice stems, arrowheads, gorgon fruits, water onion or reeds.

The fragment of brick is preferably hollow brick, the hollow brick is equipped with the hole (the quantity of hole is one usually) that runs through the brick body from top to bottom, the lateral wall can be built by the one deck hollow brick, also can adopt multilayer hollow brick from top to bottom to build according to the situation on the spot, in order to improve the stability of lateral wall, work as when the lateral wall adopts multilayer hollow brick from top to bottom to build, each layer the preferred upper and lower position of hole of hollow brick is corresponding. Emergent aquatic plants 5 are planted in the holes to form an emergent aquatic plant planting belt. The emergent aquatic plants can be planted on the ditch side slope exposed from the hole, or the hole can be filled with side slope undisturbed soil or planting soil, and then the emergent aquatic plants are planted in the hole. The setting of emergent aquatic plant planting area on playing the soil and water conservation effect to the irrigation canals and ditches side slope on the basis, can cushion the interception purification to the rainwater runoff that flows into in the irrigation canals and ditches from the lateral wall top of irrigation canals and ditches, also can play the deep purification effect to the agricultural that flows through the irrigation canals and ditches simultaneously.

The hollow brick is preferably a hollow brick with a cross section in a regular hexagon shape, is convenient to stack and is attractive, and correspondingly, the cross section of the hole is also in a regular hexagon shape so as to increase the planting area of the emergent aquatic plants. The hollow brick is preferably a hollow brick with fly ash added in raw materials so as to improve the strength and the impermeability.

The rammed original soil layer or plain soil layer is arranged below the side wall built by the hollow bricks, bamboo chisels for fixing the hollow bricks on the original soil layer or plain soil layer below the hollow bricks are arranged on part of the hollow bricks, and the bamboo chisels (or the hollow bricks provided with the bamboo chisels) are distributed at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.

According to the needs, the upper surface of the side wall built by the hollow bricks can be provided with a steel wire mesh which is fixedly connected with the original soil layer or the plain soil layer below the hollow bricks through a plurality of steel brazes or bamboo brazes so as to avoid the falling of the hollow bricks.

According to needs, by below the lateral wall (between former soil layer or plain soil layer and the air brick) that the air brick was built can also be equipped with the bottom wire net, the bottom wire net is through a plurality of drill rod or bamboo borer and the former soil layer or the plain soil layer fixed connection of air brick below to avoid collapsing because of former soil layer or plain soil layer to lead to the lateral wall that the air brick was built to collapse.

The distribution area of the steel wire mesh is set according to specific requirements, and generally can be distributed on only partial area of the side wall of the ditch. For example, the wire mesh above the cavity block may be distributed in areas where water flow is relatively fast (e.g., bends in ditches), and the wire mesh below the cavity block may be distributed in areas where the soil layer is softer or where there is erosion by groundwater flow.

The emergent aquatic plants preferably adopt species with strong water body purifying capacity, such as loosestrife and/or cattail and the like.

The utility model discloses mainly be applicable to and let out (move back) the ditch way under the prerequisite that satisfies different rank drainage standards, can adjust the size of each component (at the bottom of the canal, lateral wall etc.) according to the actual conditions and the demand in place.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an ecological irrigation canals and ditches in farmland for purifying agricultural subsiding of water, its characterized in that the lateral wall of irrigation canals and ditches is built by fragment of brick rule closely arranging, the bottom of irrigation canals and ditches is along horizontal including the substrate original state soil layer that is located the middle part and being located respectively the matrix layer of the left and right sides of substrate original state soil layer, substrate original state soil layer is used for planting aquatic plant, forms aquatic plant and plants the area.

2. A field ecological ditch for clarifying agricultural drainage as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate layer is an inorganic substrate layer.

3. A field ecological ditch for clarifying agricultural drainage as claimed in claim 2, wherein said substrate layer comprises a gravel layer, a zeolite layer and a volcanic layer disposed one above the other, or a substrate layer containing gravel, zeolite or volcanic rock is used.

4. A field ecological ditch for clarifying agricultural drainage as claimed in claim 3, wherein said gravel has a particle size of 50-100mm, said zeolite has a particle size of 10-30mm, and said volcanic rock has a particle size of 30-60 mm.

5. The ecological trench for farmland for purifying agricultural water-return as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the height of said undisturbed soil layer of substrate and said substrate layer are the same, 400-600 mm.

6. A field ecological ditch for decontaminating agricultural effluent as claimed in claim 5 wherein the cross-section of the ditch is in the form of an inverted trapezoid.

7. A field ecological ditch for purifying agricultural effluent as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aquatic plant is one or more of cress, zizania latifolia, sagittaria sagittifolia, gordon euryale, allium schoenoprasum or reed.

8. A field ecological ditch for purifying agricultural sewage according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the brick is a hollow brick, the hollow brick is provided with holes which penetrate through the brick body up and down, the holes are used for planting emergent aquatic plants to form an emergent aquatic plant planting belt.

9. A field ecological ditch for purifying agricultural drainage as claimed in claim 8, wherein the hollow blocks are hollow blocks having a regular hexagonal cross section.

10. A field ecological ditch for clarifying agricultural effluent as claimed in claim 9 wherein the emergent aquatic plant is lythrata and/or typha.