CN108640409B - Combined ecological bank protection and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Combined ecological bank protection and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108640409B CN108640409B CN201810336825.9A CN201810336825A CN108640409B CN 108640409 B CN108640409 B CN 108640409B CN 201810336825 A CN201810336825 A CN 201810336825A CN 108640409 B CN108640409 B CN 108640409B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000332371 Abutilon x hybridum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005273 Canna coccinea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008555 Canna flaccida Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001632052 Haloxylon ammodendron Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001092500 Photinia x fraseri Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001972 Gardenia jasminoides Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 42
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000028804 PERCHING syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/128—Coherent linings made on the spot, e.g. cast in situ, extruded on the spot
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
A combined ecological bank protection and a construction method thereof comprise a permeable adsorption filter layer, wood pile foot protection, gabion retaining walls, a sediment ecological bag layer and a vegetation layer, wherein the permeable adsorption filter layer is arranged at the joint of a river bank slope and a river bed and comprises two permeable concrete layers and an adsorption filter layer; the bottom ends of the sheet pile guard feet are embedded into the river bed at the outer edge of the step of the bottom layer of the infiltration adsorption filtration layer; the gabion retaining wall comprises a gabion cage and a support; the bottom mud ecological bag layer is composed of a plurality of bottom ecological bags; the vegetation layer consists of a soil layer and a vegetation net; the construction method comprises the following steps: sequentially paving a permeable adsorption filter layer, a gabion retaining wall and a vegetation layer on the step-type slope of the river bank slope, and embedding a wood pile foot protector at the foot of the slope. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the water body is ensured to be fully exchanged, pollutants such as N, P and heavy metals in the water body are effectively adsorbed, and meanwhile, the strong anti-scouring capability of the water body is ensured, so that the water body has good durability and applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combined ecological bank protection and a construction method thereof.
Background
The ecological revetment is a revetment form for protecting a river slope by utilizing plants or a structure combining the plants and geotechnical materials, is an artificial revetment with natural river bank properties, has the functions of flood-stagnation and withering, water level regulation, river channel purification and the like besides preventing river bank collapse, and forms a coordinated river channel landscape with the surrounding environment. Comprehensively, the ecological bank protection is an improvement of the traditional bank protection, is a product of the development of the science of river engineering to a relatively high stage, is a requirement of modern people desiring to be in harmony with nature, and is a necessary result of the development and progress of the bank protection engineering technology.
On the other hand, a large amount of silt deposited on the river bottom seriously affects the functions of flood control, shipping and water regulation. Furthermore, a large amount of pollutants are enriched in the sludge at the bottom of the river, and if the sludge is disturbed, part of the pollutants can be returned into the river water from the sediment, so that the lasting influence is caused on the water area. Meanwhile, the river bottom sludge also contains a large amount of substances such as N, P elements and the like required by plant growth, and the sludge is used as a raw material for plant growth cultivation, so that the river bottom sludge has higher economical efficiency and feasibility.
The patent with publication number 103061310B is a novel ecological habitat revetment, and an ecological habitat is formed by brickwork of a block stone layer, and a water pipe communicated with the inside and the outside is adopted as an access passage for aquatic animals, but the revetment is still made of a large amount of geotechnical materials such as reinforced concrete, building blocks and the like, so that the original natural ecological system of a river channel is damaged to a certain extent.
The patent with publication number 203890955U is an ecological bank protection plant structure, adopts the alloy steel wire cage body to pile up layer by layer in the junction of river course bank slope and riverbed to form the step form, and the inside plant pad of placing of alloy steel wire cage body, plant pad include matrix and different grade type plant rhizome or seedling, but this structure receives rivers to strike the influence greatly, and the inside soil body matrix of cage body and plant seedling receive rivers to strike easily to be destroyed, and soil particle can run off along with the rivers, and water purification efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the traditional shore protection technology and the problems of weak anti-scouring capability or low water purification efficiency and the like of the existing partial ecological shore protection technology, the invention provides a combined ecological shore protection and a construction method thereof.
The invention relates to a combined ecological revetment, which is characterized in that: the permeable adsorption filtration layer is arranged at the joint of a river bank slope and a river bed, forms a first step-type bank slope which can be attached to the step surface of the river bank slope from bottom to top along the bank protection slope, and comprises an inner permeable concrete layer, an outer permeable concrete layer and an adsorption filtration layer clamped between the two permeable concrete layers, wherein the adsorption filtration layer is filled in a gap reserved between the two permeable concrete layers; the bottom ends of the sheet pile guard feet are embedded into the riverbed close to the outer edge of the bottom step of the permeable adsorption filter layer, and the sheet pile guard feet and the riverbed are fixedly connected with each other through the lock catches; the gabion retaining wall comprises a binge net cage and a support object, wherein the binge net cage is connected with the first stepped embankment slope in a stacking manner from bottom to top, the support object is filled in the binge net cage, one side surface of the gabion retaining wall is matched with the first stepped embankment slope, and the other side surface of the gabion retaining wall forms a second stepped embankment slope for stacking a bottom mud ecological bag; the bottom mud ecological bag layer is formed by a plurality of bottom ecological bags, and the bottom ecological bags are stacked on the step surface of the slope of the second step-type embankment; the vegetation layer comprises soil horizon and vegetation net, the soil horizon covers at gabion barricade top layer, the ecological inter-bag clearance of foundation soil and top layer thereof, and one side that the soil horizon faces the riverbed is the slope face that is used for the manger plate, and the soil horizon that the ecological inter-bag layer of foundation soil horizon covers is less than the highest point of sheet pile foot protector, the vegetation forms the vegetation net is planted on the soil horizon surface, the vegetation net divide into aquatic plant, ground quilt plant and shrub from bottom to top in proper order. .
The permeable concrete layer comprises coarse aggregate with discontinuous size fractions, ordinary Portland cement and water, the thickness of the permeable concrete layer is 20-30 mm, the permeable concrete layer is divided into two layers, the filter layer is internally clamped, one surface of the permeable concrete layer is tightly attached to the slope of a river bank to form a stepped shape, the other surface of the permeable concrete layer is paved along the inner boundary of a gabion retaining wall, a permeation channel is provided for water bodies inside and outside the revetment, the permeable concrete layer has a stable solidification effect on soil and the filter layer in the revetment, and particles are prevented from losing along with water flow.
The adsorption filtration layer is paved between two permeable concrete layers, the thickness of the adsorption filtration layer is 50-60 mm, the adsorption filtration layer is a layered structure paved by fine gravel, zeolite, crushed stone and fly ash, and the volume ratio of the fine gravel to the zeolite to the crushed stone to the fly ash in the adsorption filtration layer is 4:2:2:2. The grain size of the fine gravel is 2-4 cm, the grain size of the zeolite is 0.5-1 cm, the grain size of the crushed limestone is 0.5-1 cm, and the grain size of the fly ash is 0.5-300 mu m, so that the effective adsorption of N, P and other elements in a water body is ensured.
The sheet pile foot protector is formed by embedding FRP composite sheet piles into a river bed and mutually connecting the FRP composite sheet piles through locking openings, wherein the effective width of the section of each sheet pile is 600mm, the effective height is 180mm, and the thickness is 13.4mm.
The gabion retaining wall is of a cuboid structure and is formed by stacking and connecting cuboid gabion net boxes filled with supporting objects step by step along a slope; the gabion mesh boxes are made of braided twisted mesh sheets with hexagonal meshes, one third of the width of the upper mesh box is stacked on the lower mesh box, the upper mesh box is stacked step by step to form a step shape, and adjacent mesh boxes are connected through steel wire binding; the support is a mixture of large-particle-size stone, crushed stone, gravel and soil.
The sediment ecological bag layer is formed by stacking ecological bags filled with sediment and organic fertilizer required by plant growth, and the sediment is river bottom silt which is obtained after dredging and subjected to innocent treatment.
The aquatic plants comprise flowers of Reli, candles and/or haloxylon ammodendron, the ground cover plants comprise canna grandiflora, the shrubs comprise bellflower, photinia fraseri and/or fructus gardeniae, the vegetation types are rich, shading conditions are provided for water areas and surrounding environments, rich habitat and food sources are provided for animals and plants, and the development of plant root systems plays a role in reinforcing and stabilizing a revetment system.
The invention relates to a construction method of a combined revetment containing ecological habitat, which comprises the following steps:
1) The river bed and the bank slope at the junction of the river bank slope are made into step-type arrangement, so that the step-type slope is formed;
2) Paving a first permeable concrete layer on the step-type slope of the river bank slope surface to play a role in leveling;
3) Laying an adsorption filtration layer on the basis of the first layer of permeable concrete for adsorbing N, P or heavy metal elements in and out of a water body, wherein the adsorption filtration layer consists of fine gravel, zeolite, crushed stone, limestone and fly ash;
4) A second permeable concrete layer is paved on the basis of the adsorption filtering layer to play a leveling role, only the penetration of water is allowed, and the loss of soil particles in the shore and small-particle-size particles in the filtering layer along with water flow is prevented;
5) Hoisting cuboid gabion net boxes filled with large-grain-size stones, broken stones, gravels and soil one by one onto the cushion layer after the cushion layer is paved, stacking the gabion net boxes step by step along the slope surface to finally form a gabion retaining wall, weakening the impact effect of water flow and slowing down the flow speed of the water flow, wherein the gabion net boxes are made of braided meshes with twisted pairs and hexagonal meshes, one third of the width of the upper net box is stacked on the lower net box, the upper net box is stacked step by step to form a step shape, and adjacent net boxes are connected through steel wire binding;
6) Stacking bottom mud ecological bags on the step surface of the gabion retaining wall, filling soil into large gaps between the bottom mud ecological bags to form a soil layer, and leveling the slope of the soil layer to form an acute angle with the plane of the river bed;
7) Paving a vegetation net on the soil layer, and planting aquatic plants, ground cover plants and shrubs on the vegetation net according to the water level condition;
8) The water flow scouring erosion condition at the toe is usually serious, the toe is protected by adopting sheet piles, the sheet piles are embedded into a river bed by adopting FRP composite sheet piles and are mutually connected through locking openings, and the top of each sheet pile is about 0.2-0.3 m higher than the soil layer so as to reduce the scouring and erosion of the water flow to the toe.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the revetment uses the silt soil dredged from the river bottom as a nutrient source for plant growth, and embodies the concept of green environmental protection and ecological cycle. The shore protection adopts a combined structural system, provides larger perching and propagation space for aquatic organisms, fully plays the characteristics that the ecological bag is deformed and consumes energy due to water impact and the gabion retaining wall structure is stable, strengthens the anti-scouring capability of the shore protection, and is suitable for the river channel with higher water flow velocity. The combined structure system has large gap and good water permeability, and ensures the flow and exchange of water bodies inside and outside the revetment. The ecological revetment adopts vegetation and a geotechnical filter layer for double filtration, and the filtration effect is superior to that of the ecological revetment in a common form.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the revetment structure (A represents the highest water level; B represents the normal water level).
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the revetment structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gabion mesh cage.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings
Referring to the drawings:
the embodiment 1 of the invention provides a combined bank revetment containing ecological habitat, which comprises a permeable adsorption filter layer 1, sheet pile revetments 2, gabion retaining walls 3, a sediment ecological bag layer 4 and a vegetation layer 5, wherein the permeable adsorption filter layer 1 is arranged at the joint of a river bank slope 6 and a river bed 7, the permeable adsorption filter layer 1 forms a first step-type bank slope which can be attached to the step surface of the river bank slope from bottom to top along the bank protection slope, the permeable adsorption filter layer 1 comprises an inner permeable concrete layer 11, an outer permeable concrete layer 11 and an adsorption filter layer 12 which is clamped between the two permeable concrete layers, and the adsorption filter layer 12 is filled in a gap reserved between the two permeable concrete layers 11; the bottom ends of the sheet pile guard feet 2 are embedded into a river bed 7 which is close to the outer edge of the bottom step of the infiltration adsorption filtration layer, and the sheet pile guard feet and the river bed 7 are fixedly connected with each other through a lock catch; the gabion retaining wall 3 comprises a grid-like net cage 31 and a supporting object filled in the grid-like net cage, wherein the grid-like net cage 31 is stacked and connected from bottom to top along a first stepped bank slope, one side surface of the gabion retaining wall 3 is matched with the first stepped bank slope, and the other side surface of the gabion retaining wall forms a second stepped bank slope for stacking bottom mud ecological bags; the bottom mud ecological bag layer 4 is formed by a plurality of bottom ecological bags which are stacked on the step surface of the slope of the second step-type embankment; the vegetation layer 5 comprises soil layer 51 and vegetation net 52, soil layer 51 covers at gabion barricade 3 top layer, the ecological inter-bag clearance of foundation soil and top layer thereof, and soil layer 51 is the slope face that is used for the manger plate towards one side of riverbed, and the soil layer that the ecological inter-bag layer of foundation soil layer covers is less than the highest point of sheet pile foot protector, the vegetation forms vegetation net 52 on the soil layer 51 surface planting, vegetation net 52 divide into aquatic plant 521, ground cover plant 522 and shrub 523 from bottom to top in proper order according to the environment of planting the soil layer.
The permeable concrete layer 11 comprises coarse aggregate with intermittent size, ordinary silicate cement and water, wherein the thickness of the coarse aggregate is 20-30 mm, the coarse aggregate is divided into two layers, a filter layer is clamped in the two layers, one surface of the permeable concrete layer is tightly attached to a river bank slope to form a step shape, and the other surface of the permeable concrete layer is paved along the inner boundary of the gabion retaining wall.
The adsorption filtration layer 12 is paved between two permeable concrete layers, the thickness of the adsorption filtration layer is 50-60 mm, the adsorption filtration layer is a layered structure paved by fine gravel, zeolite, crushed stone and fly ash, and the volume ratio of the fine gravel to the zeolite to the crushed stone to the fly ash in the adsorption filtration layer is 4:2:2:2. The grain size of the fine gravel is 2-4 cm, the grain size of the zeolite is 0.5-1 cm, the grain size of the crushed limestone is 0.5-1 cm, and the grain size of the fly ash is 0.5-300 mu m.
The sheet pile foot protector 2 is formed by embedding FRP composite sheet piles into a river bed and mutually connecting the FRP composite sheet piles through locking openings, wherein the effective width of the section of each sheet pile is 600mm, the effective height is 180mm, and the thickness is 13.4mm.
The gabion retaining wall 3 is of a cuboid structure and is formed by stacking and connecting cuboid gabion net boxes filled with large-particle-size lump stones, broken stones, gravels and soil step by step along a slope; the size of the gabion mesh box is 1.2mX0.5mX3 m and 0.5mX0.5mX3 m, the gabion mesh box is made of braided twisted mesh sheets with hexagonal meshes, one third of the width of the upper mesh box is stacked on the lower mesh box, the upper mesh box is stacked step by step, and the adjacent mesh boxes are connected through steel wire binding.
The sediment ecological bag layer 4 is formed by stacking ecological bags filled with sediment and organic fertilizer required by plant growth, and the sediment is river bottom silt which is obtained after dredging and subjected to innocent treatment.
The aquatic plants include flowers of Relietia, candles and/or haloxylon ammodendron, the ground cover plants include canna grandiflora, and the shrubs include bellflower, photinia fraseri and/or gardenia.
Embodiment 2 the construction method of the combined ecological revetment according to embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
1) The river bed and the bank slope at the junction of the river bank slope are made into step-shaped arrangement, so that the river bed and the bank slope form a step-shaped slope, wherein the step width is 900-1300 mm, and the step height is 500-600 mm;
2) Paving a first permeable concrete layer with the thickness of 20-30 mm on the step-type slope of the river bank slope surface to play a leveling role;
3) On the basis of the first layer of permeable concrete, a layer of adsorption filter layer with the thickness of 50-60 mm is paved and is used for adsorbing N or P elements in and out of a water body, wherein the adsorption filter layer consists of fine gravel, zeolite, crushed stone and fly ash, and the volume ratio of the fine gravel, the zeolite, the crushed stone and the fly ash in the filter layer is 4:2:2:2;
4) A second permeable concrete layer with the thickness of 20-30 mm is paved on the basis of the adsorption filtration layer to play a leveling role, only the penetration of water is allowed, and the loss of soil particles in the shore and small-particle-size particles in the filtration layer along with water flow is prevented;
5) Hoisting cuboid gabion net boxes filled with large-grain-size stones, broken stones, gravels and soil one by one onto the cushion layer after the cushion layer is paved, stacking the gabion net boxes step by step along the slope surface to finally form a gabion retaining wall, weakening the impact effect of water flow and slowing down the flow speed of the water flow, wherein the gabion net boxes are made of braided meshes with twisted pairs and hexagonal meshes, one third of the width of the upper net box is stacked on the lower net box, the upper net box is stacked step by step to form a step shape, and adjacent net boxes are connected through steel wire binding;
6) Stacking bottom mud ecological bags on the step surface of the cage retaining wall layer, filling soil into large gaps between the bottom mud ecological bags to form a soil layer, wherein the slope surface of the soil layer is smooth, and the included angle between the soil layer and the plane of the river bed is 30 degrees;
7) Paving a vegetation net on the soil layer, wherein the vegetation net is used for planting aquatic plants, ground cover plants and shrubs according to the water level condition, so that the capacity of the vegetation layer for adsorbing N, P elements and heavy metal pollutants and the photosynthesis oxygen supply capacity are improved;
8) The water flow scouring erosion condition at the toe is usually serious, sheet pile foot protectors are adopted at the toe, FRP composite sheet piles are embedded into a river bed and are connected with each other through locking openings, the tops of the sheet piles are higher than the soil layer by about 0.2-0.3 m, the effective width of the section of the sheet piles is 600mm, the effective height is 180mm, the thickness is 13.4mm, and the sheet piles are embedded into the river bed by 1.8m, so that the erosion of water flow to the toe is reduced.
The embodiments described in the present specification are merely examples of implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the scope of protection of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments, but also equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the inventive concept.
Claims (5)
1. A combined ecological bank protection is characterized in that: the permeable adsorption filtration layer is arranged at the joint of a river bank slope and a river bed, forms a first step-type bank slope which can be attached to the step surface of the river bank slope from bottom to top along the bank protection slope, and comprises an inner permeable concrete layer, an outer permeable concrete layer and an adsorption filtration layer clamped between the two permeable concrete layers, wherein the adsorption filtration layer is filled in a gap reserved between the two permeable concrete layers; the permeable concrete layer comprises coarse aggregate with intermittent size fractions, ordinary Portland cement and water, wherein the thickness of the coarse aggregate is 20-30 mm, two layers of filter layers are internally clamped, one surface of the permeable concrete layer is tightly attached to a river bank slope to form a stepped shape, and the other surface of the permeable concrete layer is paved along the inner boundary of a gabion retaining wall; the adsorption filter layer is paved between two permeable concrete layers, the thickness of the adsorption filter layer is 50-60 mm, the adsorption filter layer is a layered structure paved by fine gravel, zeolite, crushed stone and fly ash, and the volume ratio of the fine gravel to the zeolite to the crushed stone to the fly ash in the adsorption filter layer is 4:2:2:2; the grain size of the fine gravel is 2-4 cm, the grain size of the zeolite is 0.5-1 cm, the grain size of the crushed limestone is 0.5-1 cm, and the grain size of the fly ash is 0.5-300 mu m; the bottom ends of the sheet pile guard feet are embedded into the riverbed close to the outer edge of the bottom step of the permeable adsorption filter layer, and the sheet pile guard feet and the riverbed are fixedly connected with each other through the lock catches; the gabion retaining wall comprises a binge net cage and a support object, wherein the binge net cage is connected with the first stepped embankment slope in a stacking manner from bottom to top, the support object is filled in the binge net cage, one side surface of the gabion retaining wall is matched with the first stepped embankment slope, and the other side surface of the gabion retaining wall forms a second stepped embankment slope for stacking a bottom mud ecological bag; the bottom mud ecological bag layer is formed by a plurality of bottom ecological bags, and the bottom ecological bags are stacked on the step surface of the slope of the second step-type embankment; the vegetation layer consists of a soil layer and a vegetation net, wherein the soil layer covers the gaps among the top layer of the gabion retaining wall, the bottom mud ecological bags and the surface layer of the soil layer, one side of the soil layer facing the riverbed is a slope surface for retaining water, the soil layer covered by the bottom mud ecological bags is lower than the highest point of the sheet pile foot protector, the vegetation is planted on the surface of the soil layer to form the vegetation net, and the vegetation net is sequentially divided into aquatic plants, ground cover plants and shrubs from bottom to top; the gabion retaining wall is of a cuboid structure and is formed by stacking and connecting cuboid gabion net boxes filled with large-particle-size lump stones, broken stones, gravels and soil step by step along a slope; the gabion mesh boxes are made of braided meshes with twisted pairs and hexagonal meshes, one third of the width of the upper mesh box is stacked on the lower mesh box, the mesh boxes are stacked step by step to form a step shape, and adjacent mesh boxes are connected through steel wire binding.
2. A modular ecological revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the sheet pile foot protector is formed by embedding FRP composite sheet piles into a river bed and mutually connecting the FRP composite sheet piles through locking openings, wherein the effective width of the section of each sheet pile is 600mm, the effective height is 180mm, and the thickness is 13.4mm.
3. A modular ecological revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the sediment ecological bag layer is formed by stacking ecological bags filled with sediment and organic fertilizer required by plant growth, and the sediment is river bottom silt which is obtained after dredging and subjected to innocent treatment.
4. A modular ecological revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the aquatic plants include flowers of Relietia, candles and/or haloxylon ammodendron, the ground cover plants include canna grandiflora, and the shrubs include bellflower, photinia fraseri and/or gardenia.
5. A construction method of a combined ecological revetment according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) The river bed and the bank slope at the junction of the river bank slope are made into step-type arrangement, so that the step-type slope is formed;
2) Paving a first permeable concrete layer on the step-type slope of the river bank slope surface to play a role in leveling;
3) Paving an adsorption filter layer on the basis of the first layer of permeable concrete for adsorbing N or P elements in water, wherein the adsorption filter layer consists of fine gravel, zeolite, crushed stone, limestone and fly ash;
4) A second permeable concrete layer is paved on the basis of the adsorption filtering layer to play a leveling role, only the penetration of water is allowed, and the loss of soil particles in the shore and small-particle-size particles in the filtering layer along with water flow is prevented;
5) Hoisting cuboid gabion net boxes filled with large-grain-size stones, broken stones, gravels and soil one by one onto the cushion layer after the cushion layer is paved, stacking the gabion net boxes step by step along the slope surface to finally form a gabion retaining wall, weakening the impact effect of water flow and slowing down the flow speed of the water flow, wherein the gabion net boxes are made of braided meshes with twisted pairs and hexagonal meshes, one third of the width of the upper net box is stacked on the lower net box, the upper net box is stacked step by step to form a step shape, and adjacent net boxes are connected through steel wire binding;
6) Stacking bottom mud ecological bags on the step surface of the cage retaining wall layer, and filling soil into large gaps between the bottom mud ecological bags to form a soil layer, wherein an included angle between the soil layer and the river bed plane is an acute angle;
7) Paving a vegetation net on the soil layer, and planting aquatic plants, ground cover plants and shrubs on the vegetation net according to the water level condition;
8) The water flow scouring erosion condition at the toe is usually serious, sheet pile foot protectors are adopted at the toe, FRP composite sheet piles are embedded into a river bed and are connected with each other through locking openings, and the tops of the sheet piles are higher than the soil layer, so that the erosion of water flow on the toe is reduced.
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| CN109368796B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2024-03-15 | 中建生态环境集团有限公司 | Ecological landscape revetment for river water quality treatment |
| CN109306676B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-07-14 | 四川港航建设工程有限公司 | Construction method of landslide repairing structure |
| CN110042797A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-23 | 浙江融信环保科技有限公司 | A kind of ecology remodeling method of ramp type hardening bank slope |
| CN110627447A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-31 | 深圳市信泰工业自动化设备有限公司 | Pervious concrete sewage filtering device and method thereof |
| CN110984193A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 河北水熠木丰工程技术有限责任公司 | Severe cold mountain area highway cutting side slope ecological protection system |
| CN112878339B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-10-29 | 湘潭大学 | Biological self-repairing gabion unit device for filler, preparation method and slope reinforcement method |
| CN113186872B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2023-05-30 | 黑龙江省水利水电集团有限公司 | Impervious impact-resistant flood control dike for hydraulic engineering and impervious method thereof |
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