CN109399800B - River and lake runoff pollution cascade control system - Google Patents
River and lake runoff pollution cascade control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109399800B CN109399800B CN201811477607.3A CN201811477607A CN109399800B CN 109399800 B CN109399800 B CN 109399800B CN 201811477607 A CN201811477607 A CN 201811477607A CN 109399800 B CN109399800 B CN 109399800B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system which comprises a primary rain filtering intercepting canal, a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt, an ecological wooden revetment and an underwater soft fence; the primary rain filtering intercepting channel is arranged on the water facing side of the water shoreline roadway or the water shoreline sidewalk, and the water facing side of the primary rain filtering intercepting channel is provided with a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt; the multistage plant filtering and purifying belt comprises a ground cover plant filtering belt, a wet plant filtering belt, an emergent aquatic plant purifying belt and a submerged plant purifying belt which are sequentially connected, wherein an ecological wooden revetment is arranged between the wet plant filtering belt and the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt, and an underwater soft fence is arranged on the submerged plant purifying belt. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention can be used for effectively controlling and intercepting initial rainwater pollution in a targeted manner, so that the pollution of surface runoff to water is greatly reduced, and the system is high in integration, low in cost and simple and convenient to operate and maintain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to a river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system, and relates to the technical field of source control and pollution interception in comprehensive treatment of water environment.
Background
The rainfall runoff pollution is the most serious of non-point source pollution, the pollution occurrence has randomness and great fluctuation of the total pollutant emission amount, under the condition of increasing environmental requirements, the pollution control of countries around the world is more and more important, and huge manpower and material resources are input for a great deal of research. With the continuous acceleration of the urban process in China, the scale of the urban area is enlarged, the land is changed, a large number of impervious earth surfaces appear, and the hydrologic process of the area is obviously changed. These changes, while increasing surface runoff, also result in pollution of the water body by surface runoff. Rainfall runoff pollution can be classified into urban runoff pollution, agricultural production pollution, rural livestock and poultry manure pollution, forest area surface runoff pollution, mining area and construction site surface runoff pollution and other pollution according to different pollutant sources. The surface runoff contains various organic pollutants, suspended particles, nutrient salts, heavy metals, toxic organic pollutants and the like.
According to the characteristics of urban rainfall runoff pollution formation and the relation between the urban rainfall runoff pollution formation and a drainage system, the corresponding control technology can be simply divided into three types of source reduction, pipeline control, terminal treatment and the like. In the traditional urban rainwater management and treatment engineering of China, most of the technologies of sedimentation tanks, seepage pits, porous pavement, water storage tanks and other optimal management measures (BMP) are adopted, but urban runoff pollution cannot be reduced from the source. The low-impact development (LID) technology achieves the control of runoffs and pollutants generated by heavy rain through a scattered and small-scale source control mechanism, comprehensively adopts various modes such as infiltration, filtration, evaporation and accumulation to reduce runoff drainage, enables a development area to be close to natural hydrologic cycle as much as possible, and reduces urban runoff pollution from the source. Common LID measures are bioretention ponds, vegetation filtration strips, rainwater collection tanks, etc. However, many existing technologies generally have the problems of single technical measures, high investment cost, difficult operation and maintenance and the like. For example, the patent with publication number CN 103938518A discloses a construction method of a road runoff pollution control greening system, which adopts multiple interception pollutants, but the first stage adopts a pollution interception green sheet filled with a large amount of fly ash and sand stone filler with small particle size, so that the treatment effect is good in the initial stage of use, but the filter function is lost quickly because the filler is blocked by the pollution, and an anaerobic space is formed, so that the environment is deteriorated; the patent with publication number CN 207546007U discloses a rainwater runoff regulating and pollutant removing system, which adopts a dynamic filtering and separating system, has good treatment effect, but has a large number of mechanical transmission mechanisms and electric components, and is easy to break down in a wet water-shore environment; the patent with publication number CN 207228302U discloses a rainwater runoff pollution interception facility, which adopts an unpowered structure, removes pollutants by utilizing a hydraulic cyclone, and generally has uneven rainwater volume, so that the facility can only have a better pollution control effect in a small rainfall interval, and has the problems of single technical measure, large requirement for reinforced concrete engineering, high investment and incoordination with the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system which is high in integration, low in cost and convenient to operate and maintain, and can be used for effectively controlling and intercepting initial rainwater pollution in a targeted manner, so that the pollution of surface runoff to water is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system comprises a primary rain filtering intercepting canal, a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt, an ecological wood revetment and an underwater soft fence; the primary rain filtering intercepting canal is arranged on the water facing side of a water shoreline roadway or a water shoreline pavement of a river or a lake, and the water facing side of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal is provided with a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt; the multistage plant filtering purification belt comprises a ground cover plant filtering belt, a wet body plant filtering belt, an emergent aquatic plant purification belt and a submerged plant purification belt which are sequentially connected, wherein the ground cover plant filtering belt is close to the primary rain filtering intercepting canal, an ecological wooden revetment is arranged between the wet body plant filtering belt and the emergent aquatic plant purification belt, and an underwater soft fence is arranged on the submerged plant purification belt.
Further, a rainwater grate is arranged at the top of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal, and the interval between two adjacent grate bars of the rainwater grate is 20-30 mm.
Furthermore, cobbles are paved on the rainwater grate, the particle size of the cobbles is 35-55 mm, and the paving thickness of the cobbles is 0.1-0.15 m.
Further, the bottom and the wall of the primary rain filtration intercepting channel are provided with water permeable holes, and the axial center line of each water permeable hole is perpendicular to the corresponding wall or bottom of the corresponding water permeable hole.
Further, the cross section of the bottom of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal is arc-shaped.
Further, the ground cover plant filter belt is paved on a slope surface, and the gradient of the slope surface is 3% -10%.
Further, the ecological wood revetment comprises wood piles arranged along the water surface line; and one part of the wood pile is buried underground, and the other part of the wood pile is exposed out of the ground.
Further, a filtering geotechnical cloth is arranged on the back surface of the ecological wood revetment.
Further, the underwater soft fence comprises a fence net and fixed piles; the top of the fixed pile is exposed out of the water surface, and the bottom of the fixed pile is inserted into the sludge at the water bottom; the bottom of the fence net is connected with the bottom of the fixed pile, and the top of the fence net is connected with the top of the fixed pile.
Further, a buoyancy component is arranged at the top of the fence net, and the buoyancy component comprises a plurality of floating balls which are connected in series through plastic ropes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system, a plurality of systems such as the primary rain filtering intercepting canal, the multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt, the ecological wooden revetment and the underwater soft fence are organically combined, the multi-system and multi-dimensional cascade cooperative control is carried out on the surface runoff pollution of the river or the lake, the pollution of the primary rain is effectively controlled and intercepted in a targeted manner, the pollution of the surface runoff to the water body is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the ecological position and the ecological wooden revetment of various plants are constructed, and the landscape is greatly improved;
(2) The invention adopts multi-step and multi-dimensional system control: the ten-stage cascade pollution control system is adopted, and the system relates to multiple dimensions such as physics, plants, biology and the like, so that the treatment efficiency is high, and the effect guarantee rate is high;
(3) The surface runoff pollutant removal rate of the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention is high: COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate can reach 45-70%, BOD 5 (five day Biochemical oxygen demand) removalThe removal rate of SS (suspended solids) can reach 55-75%, the removal rate of SS (suspended solids) can reach 65-90%, and NH (NH) 4 The removal rate of N (ammonia nitrogen) can reach 30-50%, TN (total nitrogen) can reach 40-70%, TP (total phosphorus) can reach 35-55%, and heavy metal removal rate can reach 70-85%;
(4) The floor area of the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention is reduced, more than 90% of the components in the system adopt plant systems with high environmental affinity, and the system can be synchronously and cooperatively implemented by combining greening of water shorelines and construction of underwater forests, so that the additional occupied land is basically not needed;
(5) The whole system of the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention does not adopt any power system, has no energy consumption, and greatly saves maintenance and operation cost;
(6) The components in the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention are materials with low investment, most of the components can be obtained locally, and the system can be combined with greening of a water shoreline for implementation, so that the investment is further reduced;
(7) The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention has low operation and maintenance cost, only needs to carry out certain trimming and maintenance on plants, and basically has no operation and maintenance cost;
(8) The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention has the advantages of good stability, strong impact load resistance and good stability, and through the arrangement of multi-cascade and multi-dimensional system control, the organic combination of the systems can carry out cooperative control on the surface runoff;
(9) Most of the components in the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention adopt plant systems, and have high environmental affinity.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a vertical view of a river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a river-lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1. the rain filter intercepting canal comprises a rain water grate, a water permeable hole, a ground cover plant filter belt, a wet body plant filter belt, a filtering geotechnical cloth, a wood pile, a water emergent plant purifying belt, a submerged plant purifying belt, a floating ball, a 12, a fence net, a 13 and a fixing pile, wherein the rain water filter intercepting canal is composed of the rain water grate, the water permeable hole, the cobble, the ground cover plant filter belt, the wet body plant filter belt, the soil filtering geotechnical cloth, the water emergent plant purifying belt, the submerged plant purifying belt, the floating ball, the fence net and the fixing pile.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the embodiment of the invention provides a river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system, which comprises a primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1, a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt, an ecological wood revetment and an underwater soft fence; the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1 is arranged on the water facing side of a water shoreline roadway or a water shoreline pavement of a river or a lake, and the water facing side of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1 is provided with a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt; the multistage plant filtering purification belt comprises a ground cover plant filtering belt 5, a wet plant filtering belt 6, an emergent aquatic plant purification belt 9 and a submerged plant purification belt 10 which are sequentially connected, wherein the ground cover plant filtering belt 5 is close to the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1, an ecological wood revetment is arranged between the wet plant filtering belt 6 and the emergent plant purification belt 9, and an underwater soft fence is arranged on the submerged plant purification belt 10. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the invention is organically combined with a plurality of systems such as the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1, the multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt, the ecological wooden revetment, the underwater soft fence and the like, and relates to a plurality of dimensionalities such as physics, plants and biology, and the like, performs multi-system and multi-dimensional cascade cooperative control on the surface runoff pollution of rivers or lakes, effectively controls and intercepts the pollution of the primary rain water in a targeted manner, greatly reduces the pollution of the surface runoff to the water body, and simultaneously greatly improves the landscape through the construction of ecological niches and ecological wooden revetments of various plants.
Further, a rainwater grate 2 is arranged at the top of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1, and the interval between two adjacent grate bars of the rainwater grate 2 is 20-30 mm. The rainwater grate 2 comprises a frame body and a plurality of linear grate bars, wherein the grate bars are distributed in a straight line or grid shape. The rainwater grate is paved below 0.15-0.2 m of the pavement or the sidewalk.
Furthermore, cobbles 4 are paved on the rainwater grate 2, the particle size of the cobbles 4 is 35-55 mm, and the paving thickness of the cobbles 4 is 0.1-0.15 m.
Further, the water permeable holes 3 are formed in the canal bottom and the canal wall of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1, and the axial center line of the water permeable holes 3 is perpendicular to the canal wall or canal bottom corresponding to the water permeable holes 3. The axial center line of the water permeable holes 3 on the canal wall is vertical to the inner surface of the canal wall, and the axial center line of the water permeable holes 3 on the canal bottom is vertical to the inner surface of the canal bottom; the horizontal distance between the water permeable holes 3 is 100-200 mm, and the vertical distance is 50-100 mm. The initial rainwater flows underground through the water permeable holes 3, wherein pollutants are intercepted by the soil, and when the underground flows down to the water body, the pollutants are absorbed and degraded by the root system of the plant belt and the soil biological belt around the root system by the root system of the multistage plant belt; the permeable holes 3 and the cobbles 4 are combined with multi-step multi-dimensional control, so that the blockage of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1 is avoided, the primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1 loses the due function, and the environmental pollution is caused.
Further, the cross section of the bottom of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1 is arc-shaped. The primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1 of the embodiment has a canal width of 0.3-0.5 m and a depth of 0.3-0.5 m, the upper part of the cross section of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1 is rectangular, and the bottom is arc-shaped.
Further, the ground cover plant filter belt 5 is paved on a slope surface, and the gradient of the slope surface is 3% -10%. One end of the ground cover plant filter belt 5 is connected with the primary rain filter intercepting canal 1, the ground cover plant filter belt 5 is arranged obliquely downwards along the primary rain filter intercepting canal 1, and the ground cover plant filter belt adopts a slope form, slopes towards the water surface, and has a width of 3-5 m; the ground cover plant filter belt 5 adopts ground cover plants with developed root systems and drought tolerance and waterlogging, such as eleusine indica, herba et Gemma Canitis, etc. The ground cover plant filter belt 5 intercepts, filters and degrades the pollutant that overflows through the primary rain filter intercepting canal 1.
Further, in this embodiment, the wet-body plant filter belt 6 is connected to the water-facing end of the surface plant filter belt 5, preferably 1-2 m in width, and is made of shrubs or trees such as weeping willow, huperzia serrata, etc. that are extremely resistant to water-wetting, strong in germination, developed in root system and rapid in growth. The wet body plant filter belt 6 intercepts, filters and degrades the pollutants flowing through the ground by the plant filter belt 5.
Further, the ecological wood revetment comprises a wood stake 8 arranged along the water surface line; the wood piles 8 are partially buried under the ground, and the other parts are exposed to the ground. The wood pile 8 can be a fir pile, the diameter of the pile is 50-100 mm, the length of the pile exposed out of the ground is 150-300 mm, the length of the pile below the ground is 0.8-1.5 m, the pile bottom is wedge-shaped, the pile top is circular, the pile body is cylindrical, the bark is reserved on the pile body, and the pile body is vertical to the ground and is continuously arranged.
Further, a filtering geotechnical cloth 7 is arranged on the back surface of the ecological wood revetment. The filtering geotechnical cloth 7 is vertical to the ground, the top is flush with the top of the wood pile 8, the underground length is 0.2-0.5 mm, and the area density is not less than 200 g/m 2 Is a filament water permeable geotextile. The filter geotechnical cloth 7 is used for intercepting and filtering pollutants in runoff, particularly sand-like suspended matters with small particle sizes, so as to prevent the pollutants from entering a water body, and the sand-like suspended matters with small particle sizes are difficult to precipitate after entering the water body, so that the transparency and the transmittance of the water body are seriously affected.
Further, in this embodiment, the emergent aquatic plant cleaning belt 9 is disposed on the waterside of the wooden revetment, and the width is preferably 0.5-1.5 m, and emergent aquatic plants with strong stain resistance, luxuriant branches and leaves, developed root systems and strong disease resistance, such as reed, canna, calamus, and flowers of restitution, are adopted. The emergent aquatic plant purifying belt 9 is used for intercepting, filtering and degrading pollutants passing through the ecological wooden revetment; meanwhile, the water surface floating matters caused by atmospheric dust fall are intercepted after being pushed by wind waves and enter the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt 9, so that the water surface floating matters have the function of passively removing the water surface floating matters, and the water surface water purifying device has a good effect on the promotion of water surface, particularly offshore water surface landscapes.
Further, in this embodiment, the submerged plant purification zone 10 is connected to the water side of the emergent aquatic plant purification zone 9, preferably 3-5 m in width, and has high tolerance to water eutrophication, so as to efficiently remove organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and the like in water, and the submerged plants with remarkable reoxygenation effect, such as herba Sonchi Oleracei, hedyotis, herba Mali Asiaticae and the like, are adopted. The submerged plant purification belt 10 intercepts and degrades the pollutants passing through the emergent aquatic plant purification belt 9; meanwhile, the device has a good function of reoxygenating the water body.
Further, an underwater soft fence parallel to the water shoreline is arranged in the submerged plant purification zone 10, and the distance between the underwater soft fence and the wooden revetment is 2.5-3.5 m. The underwater soft fence comprises a fence net 12 and fixed piles 13; the top of the fixed pile 13 is exposed out of the water surface, and the bottom of the fixed pile is inserted into the sludge at the water bottom; the bottom of the fence net 12 is connected with the bottom of the fixing piles 13, and the top of the fence net 12 is connected with the top of the fixing piles 13. The fixing piles 13 in this embodiment are made of fir piles, laid along the water surface line, the pile diameter is 50-100 mm, the pile length exposed out of the water surface is 50-100 mm, the pile length above the river levee or lake bottom silt below the water surface is 2.0-4.0 m, the pile bottom is wedge-shaped, the pile top is circular, the pile body is cylindrical, the pile body retains the bark, the pile body is perpendicular to the ground, and the pile body distance is 3-6 m.
Further, a buoyancy assembly is arranged at the top of the fence net 12, and the buoyancy assembly comprises a plurality of floating balls 11 connected in series through plastic ropes. The floating balls 11 are made of ultraviolet-resistant plastic foam balls, the diameter of the floating balls is 100-150 mm, the distance between the floating balls 11 is 0.4-1 m, the floating balls are connected in series through plastic ropes, and the two ends of the plastic ropes are tightly bound; the floating ball 11 floats on the water surface and is connected with the top of the water surface of the fixed pile 13. The fence net 12 is made of waterproof plastic, the upper part of the fence net 12 is connected with the floating ball 11 and the plastic rope and is level with the water surface, the lower part of the fence net 12 is connected with the fixed piles 13, the lower part of the fence net 12 is not sealed with the water bottom, water can flow through the bottom, and the width of the fence net 12 is 1.3-1.7 times of the water depth of the position.
The construction method of the river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) The method comprises the steps that a primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1 is arranged on the water facing side of a water shoreline roadway or a sidewalk, the width of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1 is 0.4m, the depth of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal is 0.4m, the upper part of the cross section of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1 is rectangular, the lower part of the cross section of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal is semicircular, water permeable holes 3 are formed in the canal bottom and the canal wall, the water permeable holes 3 are perpendicular to the canal bottom or the canal wall, the horizontal distance is 100mm, the vertical distance is 60mm, a primary rain sewage interception and interception control belt is formed, a rain grate 2 is arranged on the top of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal 1, and the gap of the rain grate 2 is 25mm; paving cobbles 4 with the particle size of 40-50 mm on the rainwater grate 2, wherein the thickness of the cobbles 4 is 0.15m, and the rainwater grate 2 is 0.2m lower than a pavement or a sidewalk; the channel body is a standard part made of water permeable bricks, the length of the standard part is 0.5m, the construction time can be greatly saved when the standard part is paved, and the engineering quality is improved;
2) A multistage plant filtering and purifying belt is arranged on the water side of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal 1, and is a ground cover plant filtering belt, a wet plant filtering belt, an emergent aquatic plant purifying belt and a submerged plant purifying belt in sequence;
one end of the ground cover plant filter belt 5 is connected with the primary rain filter intercepting canal 1, adopts a slope form, the slope is 3% -10%, the slope is specifically adjusted according to different conditions, the slope is 4m in width to the water surface, and ground cover plants with developed root systems and drought resistance and waterlogging, such as gooseberry, dog tail grass and the like are adopted;
the wet plant filter belt 6 is connected with the water-facing end of the surface plant filter belt 5, the width is 1.5m, the water-tolerant, strong sprouting force, developed root system and fast growing shrubs or trees such as weeping willow, huperzia serrata and the like are adopted, and the planting interval is 2.5m;
the emergent aquatic plant cleaning belt 9 is arranged on the waterside of the ecological wooden revetment, the width is preferably 1.2m, and the pollution-resistant energy is adoptedEmergent aquatic plants with strong power, luxuriant branches and leaves, developed root system and strong disease resistance, such as reed, canna, calamus, flowers of Chinese scholartree, etc., can be combined with the sectional and multi-layer arrangement of environmental landscapes, wherein the planting density of the reed is 36 plants/m 2 The planting density of canna is 15 plants/m 2 The planting density of the calamus is 3-5 plants/cluster, 9 clusters/m 2 Flowers are planted again with the density of 10-20 buds/cluster and 2-3 clusters/m 2 ；
The submerged plant purification belt 10 is connected with the water side of the emergent plant purification belt 9, the width is 4m, and if the water depth of the water shoreline is shallower, the width can be properly widened to 10m; submerged plants with high tolerance to water eutrophication, high efficiency in removing organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and the like in water and remarkable reoxygenation effect, such as herba sophorae flavescentis, black algae, malaytea scurfpea vine and the like, can be combined with the sectional and multi-layer arrangement of environmental landscapes, wherein the planting density of the herba sophorae flavescentis is 25-35 plants/m 2 The planting density of the black algae is 20-30 plants/m 2 The planting density of Ma Laiyan sub-vegetables is 10-20 plants/m 2 ；
3) An ecological wood revetment is arranged between the wet plant filtering belt 6 and the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt 9, the ecological wood revetment is composed of fir piles, the ecological wood revetment is laid along a water surface line, the pile diameter is 60-90 mm, the pile length exposing the ground is 200mm, the pile length below the ground is 1m, the pile bottom is wedge-shaped, the pile top is circular, the pile body is cylindrical, the pile body is reserved with bark, and the pile body is vertical to the ground and is continuously arranged; the back surface of the ecological wood revetment is paved with a filtering geotechnical cloth 7, the filtering geotechnical cloth 7 is vertical to the ground, the top is flush with the top of the fir pile, the underground length is 0.4mm, and the area density is 250 g/m 2 Is a filament water-permeable geotextile;
4) An underwater soft fence parallel to a water shoreline is arranged in the submerged plant purification zone 10, and consists of floating balls 11, a fence net 12 and fixed piles 13, and is 3m away from an ecological wood revetment; the fence net 12 is made of waterproof plastic, the upper part of the fence net is connected with the floating ball 11 and the plastic rope, the upper part of the fence net is parallel to the water surface, the lower part of the fence net is connected with the fixed piles 13, the lower part of the fence net is not sealed with the water bottom, water can flow through the bottom, and the width of the fence net 12 is 1.5 times of the water depth of the position; the floating balls 11 are made of ultraviolet-resistant plastic foam balls with the diameter of 100mm, float on the water surface and are connected in series by plastic ropes, the distance between the floating balls 11 is 0.5m, and the plastic ropes are connected with the top of the water surface of the fixed pile; the fixing piles 13 are made of fir piles, the piles are laid along the water surface line, the pile diameter is 100mm, the pile length exposed out of the water surface is 60mm, the pile length below the water surface is 3.5m, the pile bottom is wedge-shaped, the pile top is circular, the pile body is cylindrical, the pile body remains bark, the pile body is vertical to the ground, and the pile body distance is 5m.
When the river or lake runoff pollution cascade control system provided by the embodiment is adopted to control the surface runoff pollution of rivers or lakes, the initial rainwater runoff on the road surface flows into the initial rainwater filtration intercepting canal 1 from the road surface, large-particle impurities are intercepted and filtered when passing through the cobblestones 4, the initial rainwater entering the initial rainwater filtration intercepting canal 1 permeates into the ground through the water permeable holes 3, when the later-stage rainwater quantity is overlarge, the excessive water flows through the cobblestones 4 layers, and is sequentially and sequentially purified and converged into the water body by the plant filtering belt 5, the wet plant filtering belt 6, the filtering geotechnical cloth 7, the ecological wood revetments, the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt 9, the submerged plant purifying belt 10, the underwater soft fence and the like through multi-cascade and multi-dimensional filtration, interception, adsorption, degradation and other comprehensive purification, so that the pollution of the surface runoff to the water body is greatly reduced.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system is characterized in that: the ecological wood revetment comprises a primary rain filtering intercepting canal, a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt and an underwater soft fence; the primary rain filtering intercepting canal is arranged on the water facing side of a water shoreline roadway or a water shoreline pavement of a river or a lake, and the water facing side of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal is provided with a multi-stage plant filtering purifying belt; the multistage plant filtering and purifying belt comprises a ground cover plant filtering belt, a wet plant filtering belt, an emergent aquatic plant purifying belt and a submerged plant purifying belt which are sequentially connected, wherein the ground cover plant filtering belt is arranged close to the primary rain filtering intercepting channel, an ecological wood revetment is arranged between the wet plant filtering belt and the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt, and an underwater soft fence is arranged on the submerged plant purifying belt; the ecological wood revetment comprises wood piles arranged along the water surface line, one part of each wood pile is buried underground, and the other part of each wood pile is exposed out of the ground; the back surface of the wood pile is provided with filtering geotechnical cloth, the bottom of the filtering geotechnical cloth is buried underground, and the top of the filtering geotechnical cloth is flush with the top of the wood pile.
2. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system of claim 1, wherein: the top of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal is provided with a rain grate, and the interval between two adjacent grate bars of the rain grate is 20-30 mm.
3. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system of claim 2, wherein: cobblestones are paved on the rainwater grate, the particle size of the cobblestones is 35-55 mm, and the paving thickness of the cobblestones is 0.1-0.15 m.
4. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system of claim 1, wherein: and the canal bottom and the canal wall of the primary rain filtration intercepting canal are provided with water permeable holes, and the axial center line of the water permeable holes is vertical to the canal wall or canal bottom corresponding to the water permeable holes.
5. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the bottom of the primary rain filtering intercepting canal is arc-shaped.
6. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system of claim 1, wherein: the ground cover plant filter belt is paved on a slope surface, and the gradient of the slope surface is 3-10%.
7. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system of claim 1, wherein: the underwater soft fence comprises a fence net and fixed piles; the top of the fixed pile is exposed out of the water surface, and the bottom of the fixed pile is inserted into the sludge at the water bottom; the bottom of the fence net is connected with the bottom of the fixed pile, and the top of the fence net is connected with the top of the fixed pile.
8. The river and lake runoff pollution cascade control system of claim 7 wherein: the top of rail net is equipped with buoyancy subassembly, buoyancy group includes a plurality of floater that establish ties through the plastic rope.
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| CN110818202A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Method for restoring water ecological system and water ecological system stepped restoration system |
| CN111925048B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2023-06-30 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Transverse deep control system and method for surface runoff pollution of water area |
| CN114853175B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-08-01 | 东莞市生态环保研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive ecological restoration method for water, soil and air environmental pollution |
| CN115231773A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-25 | 广州市山水生态环保建设有限公司 | Courtyard landscape domestic sewage treatment system |
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