CN213240505U - Ka-band frequency source based on Ka-band continuous wave cloud detection radar - Google Patents
Ka-band frequency source based on Ka-band continuous wave cloud detection radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN213240505U CN213240505U CN202020308996.3U CN202020308996U CN213240505U CN 213240505 U CN213240505 U CN 213240505U CN 202020308996 U CN202020308996 U CN 202020308996U CN 213240505 U CN213240505 U CN 213240505U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a Ka wave band frequency source based on Ka wave band continuous wave cloud detection radar, a direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS for generating 200-240 MHz signal; the 100M crystal oscillator is connected with the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO in series and used for generating pure 100MHz frequency to be sent to the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO, and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO generates reference frequency of 3.7 GHz; the output ends of the direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO are connected to a mixer and used for mixing to obtain an intermediate frequency signal of 3.9-3.94 GHz; and the output end of the mixer is connected with a frequency multiplier in series and is used for finishing frequency multiplication for 9 times to obtain an excitation signal of 35.2-35.4 GHz, so that the excitation signal of high phase noise is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a radar frequency source, concretely relates to Ka wave band frequency source based on Ka wave band continuous wave cloud radar.
Background
The frequency source is the heart of the radar system, where the most important indicator of the frequency source is the phase noise. If the phase noise of the frequency source is poor, the reflected wave of the radar is submerged under the noise, and the detection range of the radar is greatly shortened, which is more obvious in the case of the doppler radar. In a millimeter wave band, the phase noise of a frequency source is difficult to achieve the lowest required index-105 dBc @1KHz of a radar, and the phase noise-97 dBc @1KHz @35.2GHz of an SIN-KaTRX5-T product is 8dBc lower than the phase noise index required by the radar by taking SIN-KaTRX5-T as an example; the Atlants in Anhui TB-TRM-61 (WRT 08-01) is also-98 dBc @1KHz @35.2 GHz. The frequency source scheme is newly designed, the index of the frequency source scheme can reach-108 dBc @1KHz @35.2GHz, and the lowest phase noise index used by a radar is met; and this index can be further optimized. The improvement factor I (1000 Hz) of the emission excitation source, and the limit improvement factor calculation formula:
in the formula: i is the limiting improvement factor (dB), S/N is the signal to noise ratio (dB), B is the spectrum analyzer analysis bandwidth (Hz), and PRF is the transmit pulse repetition frequency (Hz). The conventional similar products on the market are I (1000 Hz) more than or equal to 45dB, and the actual measurement improvement factor is about 55 dB. The conventional frequency source of 35GHz frequency band has poor far-end phase noise. About-110 dBc @1MHz @35.2GHz, -110dBc @10MHz @35.2GHz, -110dBc @1GHz @35.2 GHz. The millimeter wave receiving component on the market usually uses a harmonic mixer, the input and output standing waves of the harmonic mixer are very poor, and the requirement of the harmonic mixer on the stability of the input power of a local oscillator in practical engineering application is very high: 1. the harmonic mixer outputs stray waves, the intermodulation is too much to control, and the harmonic mixer can normally work only when the local oscillation power is fixed to a certain value (about 13 dBm); 2. for the radar, the working environment is in the field, the air temperature changes from (-40 ℃ to 70 ℃), and in the severe temperature change, microwaves are emittedThe power of the local oscillator also changes with the ambient temperature, so the harmonic mixer is not suitable for radar products. The existing millimeter wave frequency sources on the market are all point frequencies, which are difficult to realize broadband, high-phase noise and high-linearity millimeter wave frequency sources, such as SIN-KaTRX7-R, SIN-KaTRX7-T of Seiyin and TB-TRM-61 (WRT 08-01) of Anhui astronauts. To make broadband, they all encounter great bottlenecks, and the biggest bottlenecks are the flatness in band power of the frequency spectrum and high linearity of frequency under broadband conditions.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a Ka wave band frequency source based on Ka wave band continuous wave cloud detection radar, a crystal oscillator generates 80MHz pure frequency to be sent to a PDRO (medium phase-locked oscillator), a PDRO (medium phase-locked oscillator) medium phase-locked oscillator generates a very high reference frequency of 8.4GHz, and a local oscillator of 16.8GHz is generated through a 2 frequency multiplier developed by the crystal oscillator; and one path of 80MHz is taken as reference and is sent to a PLL + CRO (coaxial medium oscillator) to generate a two-local oscillator 1.54 GHz. 60MHz is an intermediate frequency signal generated by the intermediate frequency digital module, the 60MHz is mixed with two local oscillators in sequence to obtain 1.6GHz, and the 1.6GHz is mixed with 2 times of the first local oscillator to obtain an excitation signal with high phase noise.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:
a Ka-band frequency source based on a Ka-band continuous wave cloud radar, comprising:
the direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS is used for generating 200-240 MHz signals;
the 100M crystal oscillator is connected with the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO in series and used for generating pure 100MHz frequency to be sent to the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO, and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO generates reference frequency of 3.7 GHz;
the output ends of the direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO are connected to a mixer and used for mixing to obtain an intermediate frequency signal of 3.9-3.94 GHz;
and the output end of the mixer is connected with a frequency multiplier in series and is used for finishing frequency multiplication for 9 times to obtain an excitation signal of 35.2-35.4 GHz.
Further, the 100M crystal oscillator output adopts a coupler frequency division mode.
Furthermore, the frequency multiplier consists of a primary amplifier, a secondary amplifier and a tertiary amplifier;
the first-stage amplifier, the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier share a drain voltage VD;
the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier share a grid voltage Vg;
the grid electrode of the primary amplifier is connected with a frequency doubling voltage Vg1, wherein the input P1 of the primary amplifier is smaller than-10 dBm to-5 dBm.
Furthermore, the models of the first-stage amplifier, the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier are GaSn amplifiers.
Furthermore, the gain curves of the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier only work in a frequency band of 30-40 GHz.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1) the scheme greatly improves the phase noise of a 35.2GHz frequency source, the theoretical limit value can be optimized to-111 dBc @1KHz @35.2GHz, the actual prototype test value is-105 dBc @1KHz @35.2GHz, and the standard value is far higher than the standard index-97 dBc @1KHz @35.2GHz of the conventional millimeter wave frequency source on the market.
2) And in order to meet the requirement of the company continuous wave cloud radar, a reference frequency of 100MHz is adopted.
3) The phase noise and the limit improvement factor of the millimeter wave radar system are improved, so that the phase noise of the millimeter wave water-floating plant radar system reaches-108 dBc @1KHz @35.2GHz (the value is the best index before me); the limit improvement factor of the radar system is optimized to I (1000 Hz) being more than or equal to 55dB, which is higher than the index of the conventional millimeter wave radar under the same conditions on the market.
4) The radar echo has coherence and anti-interference capability.
5) The harmonic mixer is improved into a frequency multiplier and a GaSn (gallium arsenide) mixer, so that a stable pure signal is always output by a frequency source system.
6) The invention improves a GaSn (gallium arsenide) amplifier into a frequency multiplier: 1. the frequency of an input GaSn (gallium arsenide) (GaAs) amplifier is not in the working frequency band of the amplifier; 2. the frequency of frequency multiplication output is screened through the working frequency section of a GaSn (gallium arsenide) amplifier, and the frequency multiplication output can be used as a pure local oscillation signal without a filter; 3. the number of devices used in frequency doubling channels of the frequency source is reduced, and the phase noise of the frequency source is optimized to a certain extent.
7) The phase noise at the far end of the distance spectrum is greatly improved, and the phase noise at the far end of the distance spectrum is better than-136 dBc @1MHz @35.2GHz, -144dBc @10MHz @35.2GHz, -153dBc @1GHz @35.2GHz
8) And the limit improvement factor I (1000 Hz) of the radar is optimized to be more than or equal to 55 dB.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a frequency multiplier.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, a Ka-band frequency source based on a Ka-band continuous wave cloud radar includes:
the direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS is used for generating 200-240 MHz signals;
the 100M crystal oscillator is connected with the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO in series and used for generating pure 100MHz frequency to be sent to the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO, and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO generates reference frequency of 3.7 GHz;
the output ends of the direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO are connected to the frequency mixer and used for mixing frequency to obtain an intermediate frequency signal of 3.9-3.94 GHz;
and the output end of the mixer is connected with a frequency multiplier in series and is used for finishing frequency multiplication for 9 times to obtain an excitation signal of 35.2-35.4 GHz.
The excitation signal 35.2GHz is an intermediate frequency of a broadband microwave signal 3.9-3.94 GHz obtained by mixing PDRO and DDS, and a broadband millimeter wave excitation signal 35.2-35.4 GHz with high phase noise is obtained after frequency doubling. The broadband scheme of mixing with DDS firstly and doubling the frequency has very small delay to the in-band signal, and it is noted that the delay of the frequency multiplier to the microwave signal is only 20ps which is far lower than the group delay of the filter by 3ns, and since the frequency multiplier is refitted by the amplifier, the delay of the frequency multiplier to the signal is the delay of the amplifier. Only by this scheme we can get a broadband frequency source with high phase noise, and the most critical place of this scheme is the problem of frequency multiplication link: firstly, no existing frequency multiplier chip exists, the frequency multiplier chip needs to be designed and used by people, namely the millimeter wave frequency multiplier is invented by people, and secondly, the phase noise is deteriorated when a frequency multiplication link is too long, so that multiple functions of amplification, frequency multiplication, filtering and the like are realized by using an amplifier as much as possible.
PDRO (dielectric phase locked oscillator) mode is used instead of comb spectrum (step diode) mode: the reason is that:
1) the fundamental reason why the step diode is in the high frequency band of 3.8GHz, the fundamental low noise is very high (the far-end phase noise is high) is that the far-end noise output by all devices (including the crystal oscillator) is mainly white noise, and the value of the far-end noise is a constant (usually, the far-end noise of the crystal oscillator = -170 dBc), the theoretical degradation value of the noise after frequency multiplication through the step diode =20lgN =31dBc, and the theoretical value of the base noise at the comb spectrum output of 3.7GHz = -138.5dBc (the value is generally smaller because an amplifier is added in a link);
2) PDRO (dielectric phase locked oscillator) is an indirect frequency synthesis with far-end noise only related to DRO, while the far-end noise during DRO = white noise (with a constant value of about-155 dBc);
3) the phase noise at the near end of the spectrum is also far superior to the step diode because the loop filter significantly suppresses the noise power. To summarize: phase noise of the PDRO (dielectric phase-locked oscillator) is far better than that of a step diode, and when the phase noise of a frequency source is greatly improved, a limit improvement factor of the radar is optimized to be I (1000 Hz) and is optimized to be more than or equal to 55 dB.
In some embodiments, the 100M crystal oscillator output employs coupler division. The reason is that: 1) the crystal oscillator is a period with the lowest phase noise in the world, and the phase noise can only be deteriorated and never becomes better after any period; 2) the crystal oscillator sends a reference signal to the PDRO (dielectric phase locked oscillator) through a main circuit of the coupler, so that the phase noise loss sent to the PDRO (dielectric phase locked oscillator) on the main circuit can be ensured to be minimum, and the influence of a secondary circuit of the power divider is relatively large if the secondary circuit is used; 3) the power of the main circuit of the coupler is high, so that an amplifier is not needed to be added to the main circuit to stabilize the power of the phase discrimination frequency of a PDRO (dielectric phase locked oscillator) at high and low temperatures, and the phase noise of the frequency output by the crystal oscillator is deteriorated a lot after passing through the amplifier.
In some embodiments, the frequency multiplier is composed of a first-stage amplifier, a second-stage amplifier, and a third-stage amplifier; the first-stage amplifier, the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier share a drain voltage VD; the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier share a grid voltage Vg; the grid electrode of the primary amplifier is connected with a frequency doubling voltage Vg1, wherein the input P1 of the primary amplifier is smaller than-10 dBm to-5 dBm. Preferably, the type of the first-stage amplifier, the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier is a GaSn amplifier.
Improving a cascaded GaSn (gallium arsenide) amplifier into a frequency multiplier; the working frequency section of the amplifier is utilized to filter stray frequency generated after frequency multiplication; and a filter is not used, and a frequency multiplication link is reduced, so that the index of phase noise is optimized.
The principle shows that a general principle diagram 2 (left diagram) of a GaSn (gallium arsenide) cascade amplifier can work only by loading a gate voltage Vg and a drain voltage VD, if a GaSn (gallium arsenide) cascade amplifier chip is changed, for example, as shown in the right diagram of the FIG. 2, a gate line of a first-stage amplifier of a bare chip is cut off, then the Vg1 is newly led out, and the voltage of the Vg1 is adjusted to enable the first-stage amplifier to work in a nonlinear distortion state (and the voltage P1 of the first-stage amplifier is adjusted to enable the input P1 to be smaller than-10 dBm to-5 dBm), so that the first-stage amplifier can generate a plurality of N frequency doubling signals, and the purpose of frequency doubling is achieved.
While the amplifier performs frequency multiplication, attention is paid to screening of frequency multiplication signals, and here, stray is filtered by using the characteristic that a gain curve of a subsequent 2-stage GaSn (gallium arsenide) amplifier only works in a frequency band of 30-40 GHz.
Cutting off a grid voltage line of a first-stage amplifying tube of a GaSn (gallium arsenide) cascade amplifier chip, then newly leading out a Vg1, and adjusting the Vg1 to enable the first-stage amplifying tube to work in a nonlinear distortion state; inputting a 16.8GHz signal to a chip of the GaSn (gallium arsenide) cascade amplifier, wherein although the 16.8GHz signal is not in the frequency response range of the GaSn (gallium arsenide) cascade amplifier, the first-stage amplifier tube works in a nonlinear distortion state, and the overlarge energy of the input signal cannot disappear by space and can only be released by the energy of a frequency doubling signal, so that the frequency doubling power of 2 is very high; the frequency-multiplied output signals mainly include: 16.8GHz, 33.6GHz and 50.4 GHz. The output frequency multiplication signal can only respond at 33.6GHz in a rear 2-stage GaSn (gallium arsenide) amplifier, so other stray back amplifiers are filtered out. The method utilizes the characteristics that the millimeter wave frequency multiplication stray distance is far and the relative frequency bandwidth of the GaSn (gallium arsenide) amplifier material in the millimeter wave band is narrow.
The use of CRO (coaxial dielectric oscillator) improves the phase noise of the phase locked loop output: CRO (coaxial dielectric oscillator) = dielectric voltage controlled oscillator, which has advantages of much higher phase noise than transistor VCO, lower power consumption, better far-end phase noise, and smaller volume than DRO. The frequency is stabilized and tuned by using high-Q CR (resistor-capacitor hybrid) and varactor diode.
Finally, the embodiment also provides a debugging mode, the debugging mode is to use a small metal wafer with the diameter of 1mm to carry out lead-free welding debugging, and the debugging of the standing wave on the link can be carried out to a very high value. The conventional debugging in the market is to debug by using a gold wire, and the debugging has a very big defect, and is difficult to find a debugging point accurately, so that standing waves are difficult to debug to an ideal value.
The debugging method comprises the following steps:
1: the position which needs to be debugged is found first,
2: the tin foil is padded under the metal wafer, the metal wafer is heated by a sharp soldering iron, and when the temperature of the metal original wafer reaches the melting point of tin, the tin foil is slowly melted;
3: opening a test instrument and testing the indexes of the module;
4: if the index is not optimal, the metal wafer is continuously and slowly moved by using the soldering iron to scald the tin foil until the index of the module is optimal.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise forms disclosed herein, and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. But that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be limited only by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (5)
1. A Ka-band frequency source based on a Ka-band continuous wave cloud radar, comprising:
the direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS is used for generating 200-240 MHz signals;
the 100M crystal oscillator is connected with the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO in series and used for generating pure 100MHz frequency to be sent to the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO, and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO generates reference frequency of 3.7 GHz;
the output ends of the direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS and the medium phase-locked oscillator PDRO are connected to a mixer and used for mixing to obtain an intermediate frequency signal of 3.9-3.94 GHz;
and the output end of the mixer is connected with a frequency multiplier in series and is used for finishing frequency multiplication for 9 times to obtain an excitation signal of 35.2-35.4 GHz.
2. The Ka-band frequency source based on the Ka-band continuous wave cloud radar of claim 1, wherein the 100M crystal oscillator output adopts a coupler frequency division mode.
3. The Ka-band frequency source based on the Ka-band continuous wave cloud radar of claim 2, wherein the frequency multiplier is composed of a primary amplifier, a secondary amplifier and a tertiary amplifier;
the first-stage amplifier, the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier share a drain voltage VD;
the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier share a grid voltage Vg;
the grid electrode of the primary amplifier is connected with a frequency doubling voltage Vg1, wherein the input P1 of the primary amplifier is smaller than-10 dBm to-5 dBm.
4. The Ka-band frequency source based on Ka-band continuous wave cloud radar of claim 3, wherein the primary, secondary and tertiary amplifiers are GaSn amplifiers.
5. The Ka-band frequency source based on the Ka-band continuous wave cloud radar of claim 4, wherein the gain curves of the secondary amplifier and the tertiary amplifier only work in a frequency band of 30-40 GHz.
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| CN202020308996.3U CN213240505U (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Ka-band frequency source based on Ka-band continuous wave cloud detection radar |
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| CN202020308996.3U CN213240505U (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Ka-band frequency source based on Ka-band continuous wave cloud detection radar |
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