CN210030576U - Biomass pyrolysis reaction device and pyrolysis system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a biomass processing field, concretely relates to living beings pyrolytic reaction device and pyrolysis system. The utility model provides a living beings pyrolytic reaction device, includes the pyrolytic reaction body, be provided with feed inlet and living beings discharge gate on the pyrolytic reaction body, this internal pyrolysis chamber that is equipped with of pyrolytic reaction, its characterized in that, parallel arrangement has a plurality of biography material rollers in the pyrolysis chamber, and is a plurality of the axis perpendicular to feed inlet to living beings discharge gate direction of biography material roller is a plurality of it passes the material to pass material roller perpendicular to axis. The material conveying roller comprises a roller shaft and a plurality of transverse shifting rods arranged on the roller shaft, and the plurality of transverse shifting rods are arranged in parallel to the axis of the roller shaft. The problem of pyrolysis device among the prior art because of the rotating shaft length is limited, the volume should not be too big and the pyrolysis volume that exists is few, inefficiency is solved.

Description

Biomass pyrolysis reaction device and pyrolysis system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a biomass processing field, concretely relates to living beings pyrolytic reaction device and pyrolysis system.

Background

Energy is the basis that modern society relies on survival and development, and the supply capacity of energy is closely related to the sustainable development of national economy, is one of the basis of national strategic safety guarantee. China is currently in a severe energy supply situation and burdensome on environmental quality. Due to the decreasing reserves of fossil energy, large fluctuation of oil prices, concern about energy safety problems, and concern about global warming, development of clean and renewable energy has become an urgent issue, and the new energy industry has shown high growth. According to the widely demonstrated industrial background and development overview of renewable energy sources, biomass gasification power generation, biomass hydrogen energy and biomass green liquid fuel represented by biomass energy become important alternative energy sources in the future. The biomass energy belongs to clean energy, the resource of the biomass renewable energy of China is very rich, and the biomass renewable energy is popularized and applied on a large scale, thereby being beneficial to improving the ecological environment and reducing the emission of CO 2.

Biomass refers to various organisms produced by photosynthesis using the atmosphere, water, land, and the like, and all living organic substances that can grow are generally called biomass. Biomass includes all plants, microorganisms and animals that feed on plants, microorganisms and their waste products. Representative biomass materials include crops, crop wastes, wood wastes, and animal wastes. According to statistics, the biomass production in the world is about 1460 hundred million tons every year, wherein the biomass production in rural areas is 300 hundred million tons every year, and the biomass production is the fourth largest energy source in the world today after fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal, natural gas and the like. Biomass has attracted widespread global attention with its advantages of large production, storage and carbon recycling. The biomass resources in China are very rich, the total resource amount is not less than 30 hundred million tons of dry matter per year, which is equivalent to 10 hundred million tons of oil equivalent per year, and is about 3 times of the current petroleum consumption in China. Wherein, only crop straws, agricultural and sideline products and the like are 7 hundred million tons every year, and about 60 percent of the straws, the agricultural and sideline products and the like can be used as energy sources except for 30 percent of straws, fertilizers and industrial raw materials (cinnabar, Luqiang. biological oil prepared by fast pyrolysis of biomass [ J ]. science and technology reports, 2007, 25 (27): 69-75). For example, the main byproduct rice hulls in the rice processing process are more than 1.8 hundred million tons of rice in China for four years since 2005. The rice hulls usually account for 20% of the paddy, and calculated according to the calculation, 3600 more than ten thousand tons of rice hulls are produced annually, which is equivalent to 1800 more than ten thousand tons of standard coal, so that the quantity of the rice hulls in China is very large. (Lilina, Yihao, Sun Yunjian, etc. the research progress of resource utilization of rice husk in China [ J ]. Biochemical engineering, 2010, 44 (1): 34-38).

At present, the low-carbon economy is extremely emphasized internationally, and the low-carbon economy refers to an economic development form which can achieve win-win economic society development and ecological environment protection by reducing the consumption of high-carbon energy such as coal and petroleum and the like as much as possible and reducing greenhouse gas emission through various means such as technical innovation, system innovation, industrial transformation, new energy development and the like under the guidance of a sustainable development concept. The low-carbon economy is an economic mode based on low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission, and is another great progress of human society after agricultural culture and industrial culture. Biomass is favored by more and more scientists due to its renewability, low pollution, wide distribution and abundant total amount. Research and development of biomass energy technology become one of the major hot topics in the world, and are concerned by governments and scientists of various countries in the world. Many countries have made corresponding development and research plans such as the solar plan in japan, the green energy project in india, the energy farm in the united states, and the alcohol energy plan in brazil, in which the development and utilization of biomass energy have a considerable weight. The utilization of biomass energy mainly comprises 3 ways such as direct combustion, thermochemical conversion and biochemical conversion. Direct combustion of biomass has been the primary means by which biomass can be utilized in our country for a considerable period of history. Thermochemical conversion of biomass refers to the technology of gasifying, carbonizing, pyrolyzing, and liquefying biomass under certain temperatures and conditions to produce gaseous fuels, liquid fuels, and chemicals. The biochemical conversion of biomass includes biomass-biogas conversion, biomass-ethanol conversion and the like.

The biomass pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion technical method for decomposing biomass macromolecular substances (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) into smaller molecular fuel substances (solid carbon, combustible gas and bio-oil) through thermochemical reaction by heating the biomass to 250-700 ℃ under the condition that no oxidant (air, oxygen, water vapor and the like) exists or only limited oxygen is provided. The biomass is analyzed from the perspective of chemical reactions, and complex thermochemical reactions, including molecular bond breakage, isomerization, small molecule polymerization and the like, occur in the pyrolysis process of the biomass (Zhao Tinglin, Wangpo, Deng Dajun and the like, the current situation and prospect of biomass pyrolysis research [ J ]. New energy industry, 2007, 5: 54-60).

The products of biomass pyrolysis are combustible pyrolysis gas and solid biomass charcoal, which are products applicable to energy sources. Besides being used as fuel for supplying heat, the fuel gas can be further reformed to be used as raw material for generating electricity and synthesizing green liquid fuel; the biomass charcoal has a great additional value besides being used as fuel, and is also used as fuel for metal smelting, food and light industry, reducing agent for electric furnace smelting and covering agent for protecting metal from being oxidized during metal refining. It is commonly used as raw material of carbon disulfide, active carbon, etc. in chemical industry. As China government prohibits the use of wood for burning charcoal, the market of biochar is now wide.

How to improve the quality of biomass gas and biomass charcoal? From the basic process of pyrolysis reaction, it can be divided into a drying stage, a pre-pyrolysis stage, a solid decomposition stage and a calcination stage according to the temperature change of the pyrolysis process, the condition of the generated product, and the like. In the drying stage, water in the biomass is evaporated; in the pre-pyrolysis stage, the chemical composition of the material begins to change in small parts; in the solid decomposition stage (the temperature is 275-475 ℃), various complex physical and chemical reactions occur in the main stage of pyrolysis, and a large amount of decomposition products are generated. The generated liquid product contains acetic acid, wood tar and methanol (which are separated out when being cooled); the gas product contains thousands of hydrocarbon components such as CO2, CO, CH4, H2 and the like, the content of combustible components is increased, and the solid product is a mixture of ash and fixed carbon after organic matter pyrolysis, becomes biomass charcoal and starts to be generated. All three stages are endothermic reaction stages. In the calcination stage (the temperature is 450-500 ℃), the carbon starts to burn, volatile substances in the carbon are reduced, the content of fixed carbon is increased, and the heat release stage is adopted. In fact, the boundaries of the above four stages are difficult to clearly divide, and the reaction processes of the stages are crossed with each other.

Factors affecting the pyrolysis process are:

the pyrolysis process types include slow pyrolysis and fast pyrolysis. The fixed carbon content generated by slow pyrolysis is higher than that generated by fast pyrolysis, and the liquid yield (biomass oil) is increased to the maximum extent by fast pyrolysis.

The temperature, has great influence on the distribution, the components, the yield and the calorific value of the pyrolysis product; the proportion of gas, oil and carbon in the final product of biomass pyrolysis is greatly different with the reaction temperature and the heating speed. Generally, low-temperature and long-term retention slow pyrolysis is mainly used for maximizing the yield of carbon (clear plum, love plum, Jianhua and the like. biomass waste is pyrolyzed in a rotary kiln to study the influence of pyrolysis conditions on the distribution of pyrolysis products [ J ]. solar energy bulletin, 2000, 21 (4): 333-340.).

Biomass material, biomass type, molecular structure, particle size and shape have important influence on biomass pyrolysis behavior and product composition (margore, xiabo, poplar wide. biomass pyrolysis influence factor analysis [ J ]. environmental technology, 2005, 5: 10-12.). This effect is rather complex and works with external properties like pyrolysis temperature, pressure, rate of rise, etc. Lignin is generally more lignin-containing and coke-producing, since lignin is less prone to decomposition than cellulose and hemicellulose.

The retention time is divided into solid phase retention time and gas phase retention time in the biomass pyrolysis reaction. The shorter the solid phase residence time, the smaller the proportion of solid products of pyrolysis and the more complete the pyrolysis. The gas phase residence time does not generally affect the primary cracking reaction process of the biomass, and the longer the gas phase residence time is, the more the secondary cracking reaction is increased, and H2, CH4, CO and the like are released, so that the liquid product is rapidly reduced, the gas product is increased, and the fixed carbon content is increased.

The pressure, affects the gas phase residence time and thus the secondary cracking, and the activation energy of the biomass decreases with increasing pressure.

The rate of temperature rise has a great influence on pyrolysis. Generally, pyrolysis is affected in two ways. The temperature rise rate is increased, the more serious the temperature lag is, and the material weight loss and weight loss rate curves both move to a high-temperature area. Both the pyrolysis rate and the pyrolysis characteristic temperature increase linearly with increasing temperature rate. The slow heating rate can prolong the retention time of the pyrolysis material in a low-temperature area within a certain pyrolysis time, promote the dehydration and carbonization reactions of cellulose and lignin, and lead to the increase of the carbon yield.

In conclusion, the biomass gas and biomass charcoal technology belongs to a slow and low-temperature pyrolysis process.

In the actual situation, farmers adopt a soil cellar for smoldering, namely, a large amount of materials are accumulated to carry out smoldering nearly isolated from oxygen, the product is the biomass charcoal, the temperature of the method cannot be controlled, tar condensation is prevented in the production process and is not considered, and the product quality is not controllable.

The technical solutions in the field that can be retrieved at present are:

chinese patent 201165507.Y discloses a double-drum solid heat carrier biomass pyrolysis reactor, the device adopts double-screw drum formula pyrolysis reactor structure, the reactor includes coaxial arrangement's reaction cylinder and separation cylinder together, the reaction cylinder internal fixation has interior helical blade, the separation cylinder is grown in the reaction cylinder and the suit is outside the reaction cylinder, and the exit end that the inlet pipe was kept away from to the blind end and the reaction cylinder of separation cylinder leaves the certain distance, the separation cylinder internal fixation has the helical blade opposite with interior helical blade soon.

Chinese patent 201125229.Y discloses a biomass solid particle pyrolysis reactor, which is flat and horizontal, wherein the upper part of one section of the pyrolysis reactor is communicated with a spiral feeder to serve as a feed inlet, the lower part of the other end of the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a pyrolysis carbon outlet, and the upper middle part of the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet; the reactor is inclined at an angle of 20-45 degrees relative to the horizontal plane, and the feed inlet end is higher than the pyrolytic carbon outlet. The aims of pyrolysis gasification, pyrolysis liquefaction and pyrolysis carbonization of biomass solid particles are realized by adjusting the vibration frequency of the pyrolyzer, the inclination angle of the bottom wall surface and the heating temperature.

Chinese patent application 101486921a discloses a living beings continuous pyrolysis carbomorphism device with flexible screw conveyor, the one end of this pyrolysis pipe is equipped with the feed inlet that communicates with the pyrolysis intraductal cavity, the other end is equipped with the play charcoal mouth that is linked together with interior cavity, the cavity has flexible coil spring (resistant high temperature more than 500 ℃) along axial cartridge in this pyrolysis intraductal cavity, output shaft of this flexible coil spring one end through first bearing and shaft coupling and motor, the other end supports on the second bearing, the outside of this pyrolysis pipe is provided with the heating device who heats the pyrolysis pipe.

Chinese patent application 101709224A discloses a biomass spiral pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis process, the device comprises a feeding system, a spiral pyrolysis reactor and a product collecting system, and a rotating shaft which is communicated with a variable frequency motor and provided with a spiral propeller is arranged in a middle hole of two end covers of a reactor cylinder body; and the biomass feeding pipe and the pyrolysis product outlet pipe are arranged on the side wall of the cylinder body, the outlet pipes of the biomass feeding pipe and the pyrolysis product outlet pipe are vertically led into the coke collecting tank, and the collecting tank is sequentially communicated with the condenser, the bio-oil collecting tank and the tail gas discharge pipe through the air outlet pipe on the side wall. The process comprises starting an external heating system to make the temperature in the reactor 500-550 ℃; feeding a biomass particle raw material into a reactor through an inlet pipe, starting a variable frequency motor, and determining the rotating speed of the variable frequency motor according to the set retention time, the axial length of a spiral propelling device and the screw pitch; and starting the pyrolysis product collection system. The pyrolysis time can be accurately controlled, and the pyrolysis temperature can be controlled in a subarea mode, so that the obtained bio-oil has controllable components and is easy to extract chemicals.

International patent publication WO/2003/097729, in which a pyrolysis tank is a closed U-shaped tank having an inlet at an upper portion OF one end thereof, an outlet at an upper portion OF the other end thereof, a drain at a lower portion thereof, a rotary shaft installed in the tank, and a plurality OF stirring blades spirally arranged on the rotary shaft.

International patent WO/2006/103668, METHOD AND REACTOR FOR BIOMASS pyrolysis, the pyrolysis process of which is carried out by charging a pulverized AND dried BIOMASS mixture into a spiral pyrolyzer having a spiral axis AND a current conducting particle system, mixing the dried BIOMASS with conductive particles, passing a current to make the conductive particles AND the BIOMASS contain heat, AND part of the gas generated by condensation during pyrolysis can be used as fuel FOR a generator inside the system.

International patent publication No. WO/2007/015158, A PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR THE PYROLYSIS OFCARBON-CONTAINING WASTE MATERIAL, relates to a scraped-surface PYROLYSIS REACTOR, jacketed with an external heat source.

International patent publication WO/2008/082967, PYROLYZER FURNACE APPATUS AND METHOD FOR PERFORMATION THEREOF, relates to a pyrolysis FURNACE which is double-walled AND has a rotating shaft inside the FURNACE body, AND the heat in the combustion chamber is transferred to the material to react through the rotating shaft AND the jacket.

As can be seen from the above patents, the size of the pyrolysis furnace in the current biomass pyrolysis technology is limited, the biomass which can be pyrolyzed is low, the pyrolysis efficiency is low, and the requirement of a large amount of pyrolysis cannot be met.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem that the pyrolysis device among the prior art is few, the inefficiency of pyrolysis volume that should not too big and exist because of the rotating shaft length is limited, the utility model provides a living beings pyrolytic reaction device and pyrolysis system has solved above-mentioned technical problem. The technical scheme of the utility model as follows:

the utility model provides a living beings pyrolytic reaction device, includes the pyrolytic reaction body, be provided with feed inlet and living beings discharge gate on the pyrolytic reaction body, this internal pyrolysis chamber that is equipped with of pyrolytic reaction, parallel arrangement has a plurality of biography material rollers in the pyrolysis chamber, and is a plurality of the axis perpendicular to feed inlet to living beings discharge gate direction of biography material roller is a plurality of it passes the material to pass material roller perpendicular to axis.

Further, the material conveying roller comprises a roller shaft and a plurality of transverse shifting rods arranged on the roller shaft, and the plurality of transverse shifting rods are arranged in parallel to the axis of the roller shaft.

Further, a plurality of the axial length of biography material roller reduces along feed inlet to living beings discharge gate direction gradually, the pyrolysis chamber sets up along the slope of feed inlet to living beings discharge gate direction downwards.

Further, a discharging switch is further arranged in the pyrolysis chamber and located above the biomass discharging port, the discharging switch comprises a sealing baffle and a discharging plate, and discharging is alternately opened by the sealing baffle and the discharging plate.

Furthermore, an air supply chamber is arranged below the pyrolysis chamber, the air supply chamber is sequentially divided into a first sub air supply chamber, a second sub air supply chamber and a third sub air supply chamber along the direction from the feeding hole to the biomass discharging hole, the three sub air supply chambers are respectively communicated with three air sources, the air supply chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber through a ventilation hole, and the three sub air supply chambers respectively supply heat to the material conveying rollers on the air supply chamber.

Furthermore, a partition plate extends downwards from the top of the pyrolysis chamber, the partition plate divides the pyrolysis chamber into an initial reaction zone, a main reaction zone and a tail reaction zone along the direction from the feeding hole to the biomass discharging hole, the three reaction zones correspond to the three sub air supply chambers respectively, and the rotating speed of each material conveying roller is controlled by one speed regulator or the rotating speed of the material conveying rollers in the same reaction zone is controlled by one speed regulator.

Furthermore, an air supply chamber is arranged below the pyrolysis chamber, the air supply chamber is communicated with a hot air source through an air inlet, the air supply chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber through a vent hole, and the distribution density of the vent hole is gradually reduced along the direction close to the air inlet.

Furthermore, a partition plate extends downwards from the top of the pyrolysis chamber, the partition plate divides the pyrolysis chamber into an initial reaction zone, a main reaction zone and a tail reaction zone along the direction from the feeding hole to the biomass discharging hole, the air supply chamber is communicated with an air source corresponding to each reaction zone, and the rotating speed of each material conveying roller is controlled by one speed regulator or the rotating speed of the material conveying rollers in the same reaction zone is controlled by one speed regulator.

The utility model provides a living beings pyrolysis system, includes living beings pyrolytic reaction device, feed inlet department is provided with the feed unit, living beings discharge gate department is provided with ejection of compact unit.

The utility model provides a biomass pyrolysis system, includes biomass pyrolysis reaction unit, the feed inlet intercommunication of living beings discharge gate and reactor, the gas outlet of reactor with the air intake intercommunication.

Based on the technical scheme, the utility model discloses the technological effect that can realize does:

1. the biomass pyrolysis reaction device of the utility model has the advantages that the material conveying rollers are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber in parallel, the material conveying rollers are perpendicular to the axis direction to convey the biomass to the biomass discharge port from the feed port, so that the pyrolysis path can be increased by increasing the number of the material conveying rollers, the biomass quality of one-time pyrolysis is controlled by controlling the length of the material conveying rollers, a large amount of biomass can be pyrolyzed at one time, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved;

2. the biomass pyrolysis reaction device of the utility model is characterized in that the plurality of transverse deflector rods are arranged on the material conveying roller, so that the transverse deflector rods drive the biomass material to move perpendicular to the axis of the material conveying roller, and the size of the pyrolysis reaction device is conveniently controlled; the axial length of the material conveying rollers is gradually reduced along the direction from the feeding hole to the biomass discharging hole, and the volume of the biomass is smaller and smaller along with the progress of the pyrolysis reaction, so that the axial length of the material conveying rollers can be correspondingly shortened, the material can be saved, and the biomass is concentrated to the biomass discharging hole; the pyrolysis chamber is arranged in an inclined downward direction from the feeding hole to the biomass discharging hole, so that biomass can move from the feeding hole to the biomass discharging hole more easily under the action of gravity;

3. the biomass pyrolysis reaction device of the utility model is provided with the discharging switch above the biomass discharging port, the discharging switch comprises the sealing baffle and the discharging plate, the sealing baffle and the discharging plate are alternately opened, so that a relatively closed space is ensured in the pyrolysis chamber, the heat in the pyrolysis chamber can not be lost, and the pyrolysis effect is ensured; furthermore, when the biomass pyrolysis device works, the sealing baffle is in an open state firstly, the pyrolyzed biomass falls onto the material placing plate, when a certain weight is reached, the sealing baffle is closed, the material placing plate is opened to place materials, and the pyrolyzed biomass is discharged from the biomass discharge hole;

4. the biomass pyrolysis reaction device of the utility model divides the air supply chamber into three sub air supply chambers, and then each sub air supply chamber is communicated with an air source, so that hot air with different temperatures can be blown to the material conveying roller on the sub air supply chamber; furthermore, the pyrolysis chamber is divided into three reaction zones corresponding to the three sub-air supply chambers, and the temperature in each reaction zone can be controlled, for example, the temperature in the initial reaction zone can be controlled to be 250-;

5. the biomass pyrolysis reaction device of the utility model has the advantages that the air supply chamber is used for central heating, the air supply chamber below each reaction area is provided with the external air port, and the air and other gases can be accessed through the external air port to be mixed with the hot air introduced from the air inlet so as to adjust and control the temperature of each reaction area, thereby accurately controlling each pyrolysis stage of biomass and ensuring the pyrolysis effect;

6. the biomass pyrolysis reaction device of the utility model controls the rotating speed of each roller respectively or controls the rotating speed of the rollers by regions to accurately control the moving state of the rollers in the pyrolysis chamber, adjust the moving speed of the biomass in each reaction region and further control the pyrolysis time of the biomass in each reaction region;

7. the utility model discloses a living beings pyrolysis system, through setting up living beings discharge gate and vertical reactor intercommunication, the gas export and the air intake intercommunication of vertical reactor, so, the living beings after the pyrolysis can directly get into and carry out further reaction in the vertical reactor, and the high temperature gas that obtains of reaction still can get into the air supply chamber through gas export and air intake, provides heat energy for pyrolytic reaction, has improved the utilization ratio of energy.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis reaction device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the distribution of vent holes in the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a transfer roller;

FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the material conveying rollers from the material inlet to the material outlet of the biomass;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis system of the first embodiment;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis reaction apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a view showing the distribution of vent holes in the second embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis system of example two;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis reaction apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a view showing the distribution of vent holes in the third embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis system of example three;

in the figure: 1-pyrolysis reaction bulk; 11-a feed inlet; 12-biomass discharge port; 13-biomass gas discharge port; 14-a pyrolysis chamber; 141-an initial reaction chamber; 142-a main reaction chamber; 143-tail reaction chamber; 15-a transfer roll; 151-roller shaft; 152-a transverse deflector rod; 153-connecting rod; 16-a separator; 17-an air supply chamber; 171-a first sub-plenum chamber; 172-second sub-blowing chamber; 173-a third sub-plenum chamber; 174-a baffle; 175-an air inlet; 18-a level regulating device; 19-a temperature sensing component; 191-a first temperature sensing element; 192-a second temperature sensing element; 10-a vent; 2-a discharge switch; 21-sealing baffle plate; 22-a discharge plate; 3-a wind source; 4-a feed unit; 41-a spiral feeding device; 42-a feed bin; 5-a discharge unit; 51-a water cooling jacket; 6-reactor.

Detailed Description

The contents of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-4, this embodiment provides a biomass pyrolysis reaction device, including pyrolysis reaction body 1, be provided with feed inlet 11 on the pyrolysis reaction body 1, living beings discharge gate 12 and living beings gas discharge gate 13, in this embodiment, feed inlet 11 is located the top of the one end of pyrolysis reaction body 1, facilitate the feeding, living beings discharge gate 12 and living beings gas discharge gate 13 are located the other end of pyrolysis reaction body 1, living beings gas discharge gate 13 is located the top, living beings discharge gate 12 is located the below, make things convenient for high temperature living beings gas to flow and then collect or carry out next reaction from living beings gas discharge gate 13, living beings after the pyrolysis discharge gate 12 discharges and then collects or carry out next reaction from living beings. Preferably, the electric heating wires with controllable temperature are respectively arranged at the biomass gas outlet 13 and around the inside of the biomass discharge port 12, so that tar coking can be prevented.

The pyrolysis reaction body 1 is internally provided with a pyrolysis chamber 14, the pyrolysis chamber 14 extends from the feed inlet 11 to the biomass discharge port 12, a plurality of material conveying rollers 15 are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 14, the plurality of material conveying rollers 15 are located at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 14 and are arranged in parallel, and the axis of the material conveying rollers 15 is perpendicular to the direction from the feed inlet 11 to the biomass discharge port 12. The material conveying roller 15 comprises a roller shaft 151 and a transverse shifting lever 152 arranged on the circumference of the roller shaft 151, hot air passes through the roller shaft 151, the transverse shifting lever 152 is arranged in parallel with the axis of the roller shaft 151, the roller shaft 151 rotates to drive the transverse shifting lever 152 to rotate, and the transverse shifting lever 152 drives the biomass material to move perpendicular to the axis. Further, a lateral shift lever 152 is provided on the roller shaft 151 through a connecting rod 153. The number of the material conveying rollers 15 can be reasonably set according to actual pyrolysis requirements, and the larger the number of the material conveying rollers 15 is, the longer the pyrolysis path is; the length of the transfer roller 15 can also be reasonably set according to the pyrolysis amount.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, along feed inlet 11 to the 12 directions of living beings discharge gate, the axial length of biography material roller 15 reduces gradually, and according to the pyrolytic reaction law of living beings, the longer the pyrolysis time, the volume of living beings is littleer, according to the length change law of this law reasonable setting biography material roller 15, can rationally set up the device and effectively utilize. Preferably, the outer contour of the plurality of material conveying rollers 15 is isosceles trapezoid after being arranged.

The top downwardly spaced of pyrolysis chamber 14 extends has two baffles 16, two baffles 16 divide into initial reaction zone 141 with pyrolysis chamber 14, main reaction zone 142 and tail reaction zone 143, all be provided with temperature-sensing subassembly 19 in every reaction zone, temperature-sensing subassembly 19 extends downwards from pyrolysis chamber 14's top, temperature-sensing subassembly 19 includes first temperature-sensing piece 191 and second temperature-sensing piece, the length of first temperature-sensing piece 191 is shorter than the second temperature-sensing piece, the temperature variation of first temperature-sensing piece 191 response material top, second temperature-sensing piece 192 is used for the temperature variation near material or in the material of response. By partitioning the pyrolysis chamber, the temperature in the three reaction zones can be reasonably controlled, for example, the temperature of the initial reaction zone can be controlled to be 150-.

Further, still be provided with material level height adjusting device 18 in the pyrolysis chamber 14, material level height adjusting device 18 is close to feed inlet 11 and sets up, and material level height adjusting device 18 is a regulating plate from pyrolysis chamber top downwardly extending, adjusts the material height through the regulating plate, can guarantee that the material reaches the height of settlement when impelling, for example: 40-50 cm. The height of the material is the guarantee of the heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency of the biomass raw material in the pyrolysis process. The top of the pyrolysis chamber 14 is provided with a gas mixing device which is 2 adjacent hot air baffles, a gap is arranged between the 2 baffles, and the fuel gas is mixed in the gap by collision. Preferably, the gas mixing device is arranged close to the biomass gas outlet 13.

An air supply chamber 17 is arranged below the pyrolysis chamber 14, two baffles 174 are arranged in the air supply chamber 17, the air supply chamber is divided into a first sub air supply chamber 171, a second sub air supply chamber 172 and a third sub air supply chamber 173 by the two baffles 174, the first sub air supply chamber 171 corresponds to the initial reaction area 141, the second sub air supply chamber 172 corresponds to the main reaction area 142, the third sub air supply chamber 173 corresponds to the tail reaction area 143, and the three sub air supply chambers respectively supply hot air to the three reaction areas. Further, each sub-blowing chamber is respectively communicated with an air source 3, so that the blowing temperature of each sub-blowing chamber can be respectively controlled. A plurality of vent holes 10 are distributed on a partition plate between the pyrolysis chamber 14 and the blast chamber 17, and the vent holes 10 on the partition plate are uniformly distributed in the embodiment.

Furthermore, a hot air jacket is arranged outside the pyrolysis reaction body 1, heat conducting facilities inside the hot air jacket are hot air guide blades, and heat transfer enhancing facilities are heat transfer fins; the pyrolysis reaction body 1 is also provided with a reactor monitoring device for monitoring the temperature, pressure and the like of each reaction zone in the pyrolysis reaction body 1, then adjusting the air volume and the air supply temperature of the air supply chamber 17, and adjusting the temperature, pressure and the like of each reaction zone to meet the process requirements.

Further, the rotational speed of the transfer rolls 15 is controlled by speed regulators, specifically, each transfer roll 15 is controlled by one speed regulator, or the transfer rolls 15 in the same reaction zone are controlled by the same speed regulator. The residence time of the material can be accurately controlled. The rate of temperature rise of the material can also be controlled. The residence time of the material is an important guarantee of the pyrolysis efficiency. Generally speaking, the preparation facilities of biomass gas, biomass charcoal belongs to the category of slow pyrolysis, and the propulsive speed of material is slower.

Preferably, the pyrolysis chamber 14 has a certain angle with respect to the horizontal plane, and specifically, the pyrolysis chamber 14 is disposed obliquely downward from the feeding port to the biomass discharging port, so as to facilitate the material flow. Further preferably, the bottom surface of the pyrolysis chamber 14 has an angle of 5 to 10 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.

As shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment further provides a biomass pyrolysis system, which includes the above biomass pyrolysis reaction apparatus, and further includes a feeding unit 4 and a discharging unit 5, where the feeding unit 4 is communicated with the feeding port 11, and the discharging unit 5 is communicated with the biomass discharging port 12. The feeding unit 4 comprises a spiral feeding device 41 and a feeding bin 42, the feeding bin 42 is connected with the spiral feeding device 41, the rear section of a screw of the spiral feeding device 41 is not provided with a spiral, and the material in the feeding bin 42 enters the pyrolysis reaction body 1 through the feeding hole 11. The pretreated and dried material enters the pyrolysis reaction body 1 through the spiral feeding device 41. The feeding bin 42 is used for stacking materials to a certain height and is matched with the spiral feeding device 41 to play a sealing role, and the upper part of a screw rod of the spiral feeding device 41 is not provided with a spiral to play a role in stacking the materials, so that the materials are compact and play a sealing role. Avoid leaking out, influence pyrolytic reaction's efficiency. The discharging unit 5 is a spiral discharging device, the biomass discharging port 12 is connected with the spiral discharging device, the water cooling jacket 51 is arranged outside the spiral discharging device, and the biomass cooled by the water cooling jacket 51 can prevent spontaneous combustion. The cooled biomass can be further processed, for example: the other end of the spiral discharging device is connected with an air conveying system, a cyclone separator with an oil filter screen tar capturing and sorting device arranged in the middle is arranged in the spiral discharging device, the density of tar particles is higher than that of biomass charcoal, and the tar particles are separated to an inner shell of the cyclone separator through cyclone separation and are led out by the oil filter screen.

Based on the structure, the working principle of the biomass pyrolysis system in the embodiment is as follows: biomass enters the pyrolysis chamber 14 of the pyrolysis reaction body 1 from the feed inlet 11 through the feed unit 4, biomass falls on the material conveying roller 15, the material level height is adjusted by the material level height adjusting device 18, the material conveying roller 15 rotates under the drive of the driving device, the rotating speed of the material conveying roller 15 is controlled by the speed regulator, the air supply chamber 17 provides hot air into the pyrolysis chamber 14 through the air vent 10, biomass gas produced by pyrolysis reaction is discharged and collected through the biomass gas discharge port 13, biomass after pyrolysis is discharged through the biomass discharge port 12, and the biomass enters the discharge unit 5 for discharging. During the whole operation, the reactor monitoring device monitors the temperature, pressure, etc. of each reaction zone in the pyrolysis reaction body 1, and adjusts the air volume and air supply temperature of the air supply chamber 17.

Example two

As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the present embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that a discharging switch 2 is further disposed in the pyrolysis chamber 14, the discharging switch 2 is located above the biomass discharging port 12, the discharging switch 2 includes a sealing baffle 21 and a discharging plate 22, and the sealing baffle 21 and the discharging plate 22 alternately open the discharging. In this embodiment, sealing baffle 21 is flat, and blowing board 22 is the arc, and blowing board 22 is close to living beings discharge gate 22 and sets up, and sealing baffle 21 and blowing board 22's one end all are articulated with the top of pyrolysis chamber 14, and when starting the pyrolysis, sealing baffle 21 opens, and blowing board 22 closes, and the material falls on blowing board 22, and when the material reached basis weight, blowing board 22 can be opened automatically or the control is opened and is carried out the blowing, and sealing baffle 21 closes this moment. The sealing baffle 21 and the discharging plate 22 are opened alternately, so that a certain degree of sealing effect on the pyrolysis chamber can be ensured, and the pyrolysis effect is ensured.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 9-11, this embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, except that no baffle is disposed in the air-supplying chamber 17 of the biomass pyrolysis reaction apparatus, the air-supplying chamber 17 is a whole and extends from the feeding end to the discharging end, the air-supplying chamber 17 is communicated with the hot air source through the air inlet 175, the distribution of the ventilation holes 10 on the partition plate between the pyrolysis chamber 14 and the air-supplying chamber 17 is non-uniform, specifically, the distribution density of the ventilation holes 10 gradually decreases along the direction close to the air inlet 175, and through the above arrangement, the air intake of the reaction zone far from the air inlet 175 is ensured. The hot air blown by the three air sources 3 can assist in adjusting the air inlet temperature of each reaction zone.

The biomass pyrolysis system in this embodiment includes the above biomass pyrolysis reaction device, the feeding unit 4 and the reactor 6, the feeding port of the reactor 6 is communicated with the discharging port 12, and the gas outlet of the reactor 6 is communicated with the air inlet 175. Preferably, the reactor 6 may be a vertical reactor, and the biomass after pyrolysis is subjected to carbonization reaction. Specifically, the pyrolyzed biomass falls into the reactor 6 through the discharge port 12 to undergo carbonization reaction, high-temperature fuel gas generated by carbonization reaction enters the air supply chamber 17 through the discharge port 12 and the air inlet 175, and the temperature of air flow blown in by the air source 3 is adjusted and then enters the pyrolysis chamber 14 to undergo pyrolysis reaction. Due to the sealing effect of the switch structure 2 on the pyrolysis chamber 14, high-temperature fuel gas generated by the reactor 6 can only enter the air supply chamber 17 through the air inlet 175 and enter the pyrolysis chamber 14 through the air vent 10, and the pyrolysis effect is ensured.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a living beings pyrolytic reaction device, includes pyrolytic reaction body (1), be provided with feed inlet (11) and living beings discharge gate (12) on pyrolytic reaction body (1), be equipped with pyrolysis chamber (14) in pyrolytic reaction body (1), its characterized in that, be provided with a plurality of biography material roller (15) in pyrolytic chamber (14) in parallel, it is a plurality of the axis perpendicular to feed inlet (11) of biography material roller (15) are to living beings discharge gate (12) direction, and are a plurality of it passes the material to pass material roller (15) perpendicular to axis.

2. A biomass pyrolysis reaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transfer roller (15) comprises a roller shaft (151) and a plurality of transverse deflector rods (152) arranged on the roller shaft (151), and the plurality of transverse deflector rods (152) are arranged parallel to the axis of the roller shaft (151).

3. A biomass pyrolysis reaction device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the axial length of the plurality of the transfer rollers (15) is gradually reduced along the direction from the feed opening (11) to the biomass discharge opening (12), and the pyrolysis chamber (14) is arranged obliquely downwards along the direction from the feed opening (11) to the biomass discharge opening (12).

4. The biomass pyrolysis reaction device as recited in claim 3, wherein a discharge switch (2) is further disposed in the pyrolysis chamber (14), the discharge switch (2) is located above the biomass discharge port (12), the discharge switch (2) comprises a sealing baffle (21) and a discharge plate (22), and the sealing baffle (21) and the discharge plate (22) alternately open the discharge.

5. A biomass pyrolysis reaction device according to any one of claims 1-2 and 4, characterized in that an air supply chamber (17) is arranged below the pyrolysis chamber (14), the air supply chamber (17) is sequentially divided into a first sub air supply chamber (171), a second sub air supply chamber (172) and a third sub air supply chamber (173) along the direction from the inlet (11) to the biomass outlet (12), the three sub air supply chambers are respectively communicated with three air sources (3), the air supply chamber (17) and the pyrolysis chamber (14) are communicated through the vent hole (10), and the three sub air supply chambers respectively supply heat to the material conveying roller (15) on the air supply chamber.

6. A biomass pyrolysis reaction device as claimed in claim 5, wherein a partition plate (16) extends downwards from the top of the pyrolysis chamber (14), the partition plate (16) divides the pyrolysis chamber (14) into an initial reaction zone (141), a main reaction zone (142) and a tail reaction zone (143) along the direction from the feed inlet (11) to the biomass discharge outlet (12), the three reaction zones correspond to three sub-air supply chambers respectively, and the rotation speed of each material transfer roller (15) is controlled by a speed regulator or the rotation speed of the material transfer roller (15) in the same reaction zone is controlled by a speed regulator.

7. A biomass pyrolysis reaction device according to any one of claims 1-2 and 4, wherein a blowing chamber (17) is arranged below the pyrolysis chamber (14), the blowing chamber (17) is communicated with a hot air source through an air inlet (175), the blowing chamber (17) is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber (14) through a vent hole (10), and the distribution density of the vent hole (10) is gradually reduced along the direction close to the air inlet.

8. A biomass pyrolysis reaction device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a partition plate (16) extends downwards from the top of the pyrolysis chamber (14), the partition plate (16) divides the pyrolysis chamber (14) into an initial reaction zone (141), a main reaction zone (142) and a tail reaction zone (143) along the direction from the feed inlet (11) to the biomass discharge outlet (12), the air supply chamber (17) is communicated with an air source (3) corresponding to each reaction zone, and the rotating speed of each material conveying roller (15) is controlled by a speed regulator or the rotating speed of the material conveying rollers (15) in the same reaction zone is controlled by a speed regulator.

9. A biomass pyrolysis system, comprising the biomass pyrolysis reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a feeding unit (4) is arranged at the feeding port (11), and a discharging unit (5) is arranged at the biomass discharging port (12).

10. A biomass pyrolysis system, comprising the biomass pyrolysis reaction device according to any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the biomass discharge port (12) is communicated with the feed port of the reactor (6), and the gas outlet of the reactor (6) is communicated with the air inlet (175).

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