CN208244692U - A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, using hollow cathode, hollow cathode channel is used to the materials such as pulverized coal conveying, cathode and anode are all arranged magnetic rotation switch coil, when work, generate electric arc between a cathode and an anode, the high speed rotation in the case where magnetic rotation switch coil generates magnetic fields, coal dust is passed through by hollow cathode channel, and in the case where height rotates fast plasma arcs centrifugal force effect, coal dust is mixed and reacted with high temperature fluid during downlink；This method can make full use of the high temperature of plasma torch arc central area to crack coal dust, realize coal dust Efficient Conversion, and will not generate coking phenomenon.

Description

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device

Technical field

The utility model belongs to technical field of coal chemical industry more particularly to a kind of cracking of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal acetylene reaction device.

Background technique

Coal plasma pyrolysis acetylene technology directly processed be recognized be great development prospect green chemical technology, it is different In traditional coal conversion process, coal plasma pyrolysis is obtained the products such as acetylene, the hydrogen of high value by single step reaction, had Process is short, without catalyst, to coal quality wide adaptability, the advantages that consersion unit is small, small investment.

Coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction condition is extremely harsh, is the super short contact time reaction process an of Millisecond, High speed plasma jet stream is low with coal dust mixing efficiency, and coal dust is difficult to enter high-temperature region, causes gas forming amount and concentration of acetylene low, anti- Answer the easy coking of device, unit acetylene energy consumption high, reaction enlarge-effect is obvious, and extensive industrialization is difficult, and coal dust and plasma are mixed It closes, conduct heat, reaction problem has become coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene technology key technological difficulties.

Patent No. CN201454523U discloses a kind of pulverized coal injection applied to coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reactor Injection device, method are the outlets of coal nozzle for wide flat, and the long axis of nozzle is with channel of reactor section angle The tangent line of α, the center line and channel of reactor intersection point of coal nozzle are at angle β, it is easier to pulverized coal particle be made to be attached to reactor wall On face, reaction channel is blocked.Patent No. CN101550054A discloses the hot plasma applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process With coal dust mixed structure, method is that coal nozzle is mounted on the identical or different section of gas-solid down-flow fluidized bed using ECT mixer vias inner walls On, divide layer 2-3 to be distributed, every layer of 2-50mm, setting angle can be adjusted in entire space, be installed in the top of coal nozzle There is screening stream component, it is therefore an objective to improve the speed of pulverized coal particle, expand the contact area of coal dust jet stream and plasma jet, but simultaneously Not up to ideal effect, and since the temperature gradient of plasma jet is larger, due to successively decreasing for temperature, vertical height increases The number of plies for adding coal nozzle keeps coal dust reaction incomplete, it is easier to form coking material, block reaction channel, plasma jet Ablation and washing away, which makes to hide stream component loss, to increase, and is unfavorable for long-play.In the doctoral thesis " magnetic rotation of Zhejiang University Ma Jie The research of arc plasma Coal Pyrolysis acetylene " in, mention autonomous Design 1MW Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene dress It sets, this device is high speed rotation disperses high-temperature plasma, and formation space is relatively uniform under electric arc externally-applied magnetic field acts on etc. Gas ions high-temperature region is conducive to coal dust and mixes with plasma, but this method there are coal dusts during heating, by high speed The effect of rotating the arc centrifugal force, adheres on reactor wall, forms coking, influences device and run steadily in the long term, in addition, electric arc exists High-speed rotation and coal dust act on, and coal dust occurs violent cracking reaction, influences the stabilization of electric arc, lead to the wave of running current It moves larger.Patent No. CN203582762U discloses a kind of more arc-plasma coal acetylene reaction devices, and method is to wait It can produce a plurality of electric arc between gas ions torch cathode and several plasma torch anodes, high speed under the action of magnetic rotation switch coil Rotation, forms the high-temperature region of multiple vertical distributions in reaction channel, this scheme is the amplification in Zhejiang University's magnetically rotated arc scheme And optimization, the problems such as equally depositing poor arc stability, coking, although this scheme rating of set can significantly improve, but it is more Arcing cathode leads to the problems such as device is complicated, cathode load is big, and loss is fast, and the service life of cathode is short.

Summary of the invention

The utility model is for existing coal dust and plasma mixed problem and Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis second The problems such as alkyne reaction device, current fluctuation is big, and arc stability is poor, channel of reactor easy coking, proposes a kind of hollow cathode magnetic Rotary arc coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit.

To solve the above problems, the following technical schemes are provided:

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, the device include cathode, cathode Magnetic rotation switch coil, air inlet section, felt pad, anode, anode magnetic rotation switch coil, quencher, plasma electrical source successively couple, cathode Electric arc is generated between anode, Cathode arc root and Anode arc root high speed rotation in the case where magnetic rotation switch coil generates magnetic fields, that is, The electric arc high speed rotation in the case where magnetic rotation switch coil generates magnetic fields；Above-mentioned apparatus central area forms high-temperature plasma body region, Coal dust is passed through by hollow cathode channel, in the case where electric arc generates high temperature action, is heated and is reacted, it may be assumed that coal dust is in high speed rotation electricity Arc effect generates centrifugal force to external diffusion, with coal dust downlink, is constantly mixed, conducted heat and reacted with high-temperature plasma.

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, cathode setting are hollow logical Road structure, hollow passageway are configured as coal dust input channel, diameter according to plasma torch power.

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, cathode and anode are all provided with Set magnetic rotation switch coil.

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, anode and cathode difference Couple plasma electrical source anode and cathode.

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, air inlet section are circumferentially square To several tangential admission holes, aperture 0.5-5mm is distributed with.

The utility model has the advantages that

1. a kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device uses magnetic rotation electric arc, high Fast rotating the arc can form biggish high-temperature area in heart district domain in a device.

2. being passed through coal dust from cathode center, the high-temperature area of plasma can use, abundant coal dust is made to heat and react.

3. coal dust will not be acted on because centripetal force acts on since coal dust is in plasma torch central area when electric arc rotation In reactor wall surface, coking phenomenon will not be generated.

4. electric arc arc root is fixed a bit in hollow cathode high speed rotation relative to electric arc, hence it is evident that improve cathode working condition, Extend cathode life.

Specific embodiment

Detailed description of the invention:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment 1；

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment 2；

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment 3；

Drawing reference numeral: 1 cathode, 2 cathode magnetic rotation switch coils, 3 air inlet sections, 4 felt pads, 5 anodes, 6 anode magnetic rotation switch coils, 7 conversion zones, 8 quenchers, 9 plasma electrical sources.

Embodiment 1:

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, the device referring to shown in attached drawing 1 Cathode 1, cathode magnetic rotation switch coil 2, air inlet section 3, felt pad 4, anode 5, anode magnetic rotation switch coil 6, reactor 7, quenching are set Device 8, plasma electrical source 9 successively couple composition, electric arc are generated between cathode and anode under the effect of plasma electrical source 9, yin Pole magnetic rotation switch coil 2, which generates magnetic field, rotates Cathode arc root, and anode magnetic rotation switch coil 6 turns Anode arc root/hook, thus electric arc High speed rotation, working gas enter reaction channel by the tangential hole in air inlet section 3, and coal dust is passed through by 1 hollow passageway of cathode, coal dust It in the case where electric arc generates high temperature action, is heated and is reacted, reaction product and reacted section 7 of coal tar are laggard to the cooling of quencher 8 Enter later separation and purification process.

Embodiment 2:

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device referring to shown in attached drawing 2, with implementation Example 1 the difference is that, increase the coal powder injection hole into coal dust in conversion zone 7, herein spray into coal dust can use it is rotating curved at height Heat outside isothermal plasma is conducive to improve reaction system capacity usage ratio.

Embodiment 3:

A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device and embodiment referring to shown in attached drawing 3 1,2 the difference is that, quencher 8 use circular-gap quenching, this embodiment aim to solve the problem that device amplification after, central area reaction Object can not cool down rapidly problem.

The preferable specific embodiment of the above, only the utility model, the utility model can be used for natural gas, coal seam The cracking and reaction of the raw materials such as gas, heavy oil；The utility model can also be used in the technical field of spraying, flying dust, metal smelt simultaneously, Anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model, technology according to the present utility model Scheme and its utility model design are subject to equivalent substitution or change, or are used for other industry and field, should all cover practical at this Within novel protection scope.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, which includes cathode, cathode magnetic Rotating coil, air inlet section, felt pad, anode, anode magnetic rotation switch coil, quencher, plasma electrical source successively couple, feature It is to generate electric arc between cathode and anode, the electric arc high speed rotation under magnetic fields；Hollow passageway structure, coal dust is arranged in cathode It is passed through by hollow cathode channel, in the case where electric arc generates high temperature action, is heated and reacts.

2. a kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that hollow passageway is arranged in cathode, diameter is configured according to plasma torch power.

3. a kind of according to claim 1,2 any hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction dress It sets, it is characterised in that cathode and anode are respectively provided with magnetic rotation switch coil.

4. a kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that anode and cathode couples plasma electrical source anode and cathode respectively.

5. according to claim 1 a kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device, It is characterized in that several tangential admission holes are along the circumferential direction distributed in air inlet section.