CN204365271U - Magnetize many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of magnetization many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device.It is characterized in that being arranged on the multipair arc electrodes device being similar to transferred arc gas ions torch on reactor, often pair of arc electrodes is connected to the positive and negative electrode of a respective DC constant flowing power respectively, in reactor, multiple arc discharge is formed during electric discharge, under the magnetic fields that external field coil produces, the movement fast of these electric arcs, extend, bifurcated and heavily joining, form the heating of many arc discharges, add that mean temperature that arc electrodes device sprays is about multiple jets of 4000 DEG C, be gathered in above-mentioned arc discharge area, form open and flat high temperature thermal plasma bed.The utility model its be especially suitable for coal gasification, solid, the process of liquid wastes high temperature pyrolysis, exotic material synthesis and the application of the aspect such as nodularization and metallurgy.

Description

Magnetize many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device

Technical field the utility model relates to a kind of plasma chemical industry reactor.It is characterized in that in this reactor, produce the large area hot plasma reaction zone of mean temperature 4000 DEG C with the many arc discharges of magnetization; It is particularly useful for the coal gasification needing high temperature, solid, the process of liquid wastes high temperature pyrolysis, and exotic material synthesizes, the application of the aspects such as the nodularization of high-temperature resistant particle material and metallurgy.

Background technology hot plasma be material be heated to several thousand degree more than time produce a kind of particular matter existence.In this case, material can produce extremely strong strong physics chemical action and many special effects.Based on hot plasma high-temperature physics chemical process, in the world today, create a series of brand-new hot plasma industrial production new technology.At the industrial circle that some are important, as Coal Chemical Industry, solid, liquid waste treatment, metallurgical, the fields such as material, heat plasma technology just progressively shows great application prospect.

In all hot plasma commercial Application, common core technology is hot plasma generation technology.Current generation hundreds of kilowatt arrives heat plasma technology mainly two kinds of methods of a few megawatts of power: plasma torch and electric arc.The canonical form of plasma torch, as indicated in patent application (application number 201320030009.8).The hot plasma that plasma torch produces is the extremely uneven high-speed jet of a kind of Temperature Distribution, in a lot of commercial Application situation, it shows three major defects: one, the high-temperature plasma body region of jet core more than 5,000 degree only concentrates on very little region, one, jet-core region, and most of outer regional temperature is relatively low, two, the outer region of jet and center all have very high flow velocity.Therefore, time with such plasma torch heating powder, the powder of considerable part is difficult to enter into real high-temperature region.Three, along with plasma torch power increases, its effluxvelocity also increases sharply, powder is in the high-temperature plasma jet of finite length, resident and shorter and shorter by the time of heating, comprehensively above-mentioned three reasons, the industrial equipment of using plasma torch, during the heating of conducting powder material, its usefulness can constantly decline on the contrary along with power increases.

The canonical form of electric arc is as indicated in patent application (application number 201110049182.8).It is that the free electric arc produced by AC and DC electric discharge between two electrodes forms plasma.Its major defect is: one, and arc power depends mainly on arc current, and generally power is in megawatt hour, and its electric current is up to several thousand amperes even up to ten thousand.Because be subject to high-current supply economic influence and electrode too fast placing restrictions on of loss in big current situation, more powerful electric arc receives and places restrictions on very greatly in technology and economy.Two, arc electrodes is operationally consumptive, and except the various loss mechanism of physics, also have chemical wear, this has placed restrictions on the application of electric arc in oxidizing atmosphere.The electrode material of a large amount of loss also can pollute production process simultaneously.Three, the mean temperature of arc-plasma is lower, and the corresponding efficiency of heating surface can decrease.

Summary of the invention the present utility model magnetizes many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device, it is characterized in that, the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) of a band Double water-cooled structure, according to reactor power size, its cross section can be circular, as shown in Figure 2, or track type, as shown in Figure 3; Its top is connected with a top cover with Double water-cooled structure (2-0) by a flange, this top cover is provided with the import of multiple difference in functionality, as top cover charging aperture (2-1), top cover air inlet (2-2), top cover measure mouth (2-3), top cover optical viewport (2-4); When reactor applies to powder process, top cover charging aperture (2-1) is provided with powder distributor (3-0); With on the cross section that metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) symmetry axis of band Double water-cooled structure is perpendicular, the arc electrodes flange port (1-1) of multiple one-tenth even number is set along its outer wall, on each arc electrodes flange port (1-1), be provided with high temperature resistant straight-through push-pull valve (4-1), the another port of this valve connects arc electrodes device (4-0); In a pair, in the reactor shell situation of circular cross section, the often pair of arc electrodes device (4-0) is mounted opposite along circular cross section diameter of reactor shell every two arc electrodes devices (4-0); Or install along adjacent radial direction separately; In the reactor shell situation of racetrack shaped cross-section, arc electrodes device (4-0), is all arranged on the straight line of racetrack shaped cross-section outer wall, and often pair of arc electrodes device (4-0) can be in relative edge respectively, installs in opposite directions; Or be arranged on on one side, adjacent installation; With on the differing heights position, metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) side of Double water-cooled structure, as required, be provided with the import of some difference in functionalitys, as the cooling water intake-outlet (1-5-1,1-5-2) of mouth (1-2), side optical viewport (1-3), side air inlet (1-4) and reactor shell is measured in side; Build in the inside, lower end of the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) of band Double water-cooled structure and have MULTILAYER COMPOSITE refractory insulating layer (5-0); The lower end of the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) with Double water-cooled structure responds device outlet(discharge) flange, that coupled is quencher (6-0), the clear scar device (7-0) of reactor wall machinery that MULTILAYER COMPOSITE refractory insulating layer (5-0) inside lower end has one can move up and down along its inner surface, in the outside of the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) of band Double water-cooled structure, the field coil (8-0) coaxial with its symmetry axis is installed.

Basic functional principle of the present invention: arc electrodes device (4-0), in version, they are similar to common transferred-arc plasma torch.Arc electrodes device is work in pairs, and the main electrode of often pair of arc electrodes device (4-0) inside receives the positive-negative output end of same DC constant flowing power respectively; During work, they are positive and negative electrodes of electrical discharge arc in reactor cylinder.When multipair arc electrodes device (4-0) is discharged, near the A-A cross section in reactor shell, form multiple electrical discharge arc, these electric arcs and the magnetic field interaction produced by field coil (8-0) simultaneously, electrical discharge arc is movement fast, stretch, bifurcated, heavily joins; Under the magnetic field conditions of hundreds of Gauss, said process occurs with high frequency; At this moment the region existed at them produces powerful homogeneous heating effect; Each arc electrodes device (4-0) also ejects the plasma jet of mean temperature 4000 DEG C from their outlets simultaneously, and multiple plasma jet interacts near same cross section, produces very large jet mixing heating effect; Under above-mentioned two heating process actings in conjunction, in reactor, the centre in A-A cross section just defines basic uniform high-temperature plasma bed.In order to reduce the heat loss of reactor, in high-temperature plasma bed bottom, reactor wall has MULTILAYER COMPOSITE refractory insulating layer (5-0).That be directly connected with reactor outlet is quencher (6-0).

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: one, when reactor needs increasing power, only need by increasing paired arc electrodes device number, thus increase electrical discharge arc number and just can realize.Two, the reactor power that this sample loading mode realizes increases or reduces, the key property of the plasma bed produced, the thickness as the temperature of plasma bed, axial flow velocity and plasma bed can keep substantially constant, just changes the area of open and flat plasma bed.Therefore the physics of reactor, chemical state can not change with reactor power change.Three, as the workspace of reactor, the state parameter distribution uniform in plasma bed, effecting reaction region is large.Four, the axial flow velocity of plasma bed is low, so just effectively can extend reactant residence time within it, improves effective reaction rate.Five, in this reactor types, electric discharge positive and negative electrode is not in reaction zone; but in arc electrodes device, therefore electrode does not affect by reactor Chemical Condition Within, in case there is a need; can blanketing with inert gas arc electrodes, thus greatly extend the working life of electrode.

Description of drawings 1 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of magnetization many arc heats plasma bed-type reactor.

Fig. 2 is that many arc heats plasma bed-type reactor A-A profile is magnetized in circular section.

Fig. 3 is that race track shaped cross-section magnetizes many arc heats plasma bed-type reactor A-A profile.

In figure, (1-0) is the metallic reactors cylindrical shell of band Double water-cooled structure, (2-0) be the reactor head being with Double water-cooled structure, (2-1) be top cover charging aperture, (2-2) be top cover air inlet, (2-3) be that top cover measures mouth, (2-4) be top cover optical viewport, (3-0) be powder distributor, (1-1) be arc electrodes flange port, (4-1) be high temperature resistant straight-through push-pull valve, (4-0) be arc electrodes device, (1-2) be that mouth is measured in side, (1-3) be side optical viewport, (1-4) be side air inlet, (1-5-1, 1-5-2) be the cooling water intake-outlet of reactor shell, (5-0) be MULTILAYER COMPOSITE refractory insulating layer, (6-0) be quencher, (7-0) be the clear scar device of reactor wall machinery, (8-0) be field coil.

Detailed description of the invention enforcement example of the present invention.When it is directly produced in the technique of acetylene for hydrogen plasma Coal Pyrolysis, average grain diameter is at the high volatile volatile of 70 μm, the coal dust of low oxygen content scatters high-temperature plasma bed from top cover charging aperture (2-1) uniformly, now coal dust is subject to violent heating, explosive type gasification is formed within the Millisecond time, the coal dust gasification of more than 50% becomes hydrocarbon oxygen gas mixture, in the process, these gas obtains very high temperature, under in reactor, thermal pressure drives, the bottom of gas flow reactor shell (1-0), the reaction zone there is MULTILAYER COMPOSITE refractory insulating layer (5-0) being incubated, be greater than at the temperature of 1200 DEG C, the gas that coal gas dissolves, automatic generation acetylene, ethene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, they account for the content that reaction generates in gas more than 99%, these generate gas and rapidly flow toward quencher (6-0), when by quencher (6-0), gas is subject to strong cooling, generate the temperature of gas from the temperature decrease of more than 1200 DEG C to less than 300 DEG C, at this moment the chemical composition generating gas in reactor can remain completely.Do not have the coal dust gasified, along with air-flow discharges reactor, but at this moment they have become specific area very large cellular foaming coal dust particle, through simply processing, just can become the good active carbon of performance.Above-mentioned whole production process does not have the three wastes to produce substantially, and all gas produced in process, solid are all the products of high economic worth.If the value of all products conversion deduction acetylene production cost, then the cost of the acetylene of this explained hereafter is about 50% of current acetylene from calcium carbide production cost, and power consumption is about about 50%.Production process does not have the three wastes to produce, and does not have carbon dioxide to produce, and the large portion of water electrode required in production process can be recycled, and raw material is only coal.

Claims (4)

1. magnetize many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device, it is characterized in that, comprise the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) with Double water-cooled structure, its top is connected with a top cover with Double water-cooled structure (2-0) by a flange, it is provided with top cover charging aperture (2-1), top cover air inlet (2-2), top cover measurement mouth (2-3), top cover optical viewport (2-4), charging aperture (2-1) is provided with powder distributor (3-0), with on the cross section that metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) symmetry axis with Double water-cooled structure is perpendicular, along reactor shell outer wall, even number arc electrodes flange port (1-1) is set, each arc electrodes flange port (1-1) is provided with high temperature resistant straight-through push-pull valve (4-1), that be connected with high temperature resistant straight-through push-pull valve (4-1) other end is arc electrodes device (4-0), with on metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) side of Double water-cooled structure, be provided with side and measure mouth (1-2), side optical viewport (1-3), side air inlet (1-4) and cooling water intake-outlet (1-5-1, 1-5-2), refractory insulating layer (5-0) is arranged at the bottom inner at the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) with Double water-cooled structure, lower surface with the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) of Double water-cooled structure responds device outlet(discharge) flange, that coupled is quencher (6-0), the clear scar device (7-0) of reactor wall machinery that refractory insulating layer inside lower end has one can move up and down along refractory insulating layer (5-0) inner surface, in the outside of the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) with Double water-cooled structure, the field coil (8-0) coaxial with reactor shell symmetry axis is installed.

2. magnetization many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) shape of cross section with Double water-cooled structure is generally circular, when reactor power increases, shape of cross section is the track type surrounded by two parallel lines and two, two ends semicircle camber line.

3. magnetization many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, when cross section with the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) of Double water-cooled structure is circular, arc electrodes device (4-0) is evenly distributed on the outer wall of metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) the same cross section with Double water-cooled structure, the often pair of arc electrodes device (4-0) is diametrically oppositely arranged of this cross section, or the radial direction adjacent on this cross section of the often pair of arc electrodes device (4-0) is arranged; When cross section with the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) of Double water-cooled structure is track type, arc electrodes device (4-0) is uniformly distributed on the straight line of racetrack shaped cross-section, often pair of arc electrodes device (4-0) point is in relative edge and arranges in opposite directions, or is in being disposed adjacent.

4. magnetization many arc heats plasma bed shaped reaction device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, building with the bottom that the metallic reactors cylindrical shell (1-0) of Double water-cooled structure is inner has MULTILAYER COMPOSITE refractory insulating layer (5-0).