CN105289442A - Reaction device for preparing acetylene by coal plasma pyrolysis - Google Patents
Reaction device for preparing acetylene by coal plasma pyrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN105289442A CN105289442A CN201510777922.8A CN201510777922A CN105289442A CN 105289442 A CN105289442 A CN 105289442A CN 201510777922 A CN201510777922 A CN 201510777922A CN 105289442 A CN105289442 A CN 105289442A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reaction device for preparing acetylene by coal plasma pyrolysis. The reaction device comprises plasma torches A, a coal powder injection section, plasma torches B, a plasma torch base and a reactor. The plasma torches A are arranged at the top end of the coal powder injection section, the upper end of the plasma torch base is connected to the coal powder injection section, the lower end of the plasma torch base is connected to the reactor, the plasma torches B are arranged below the plasma torches A and the coal powder injection section zone, some of the plasma torches B are arranged along the radial direction of a reactor channel and some layers of the plasma torches B are arranged along an axial direction. The device provides a mixing and reaction method of plasma jets and coal powder, can solve the problem of coking and high energy consumption of the reactor channel and can improve a coal powder conversion rate and an acetylene yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of chemical equipment, relate to a kind of reactor assembly of plasma treatment material, especially a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit.
Background technology
Plasma jet has the feature of high temperature, Gao Han, high speed, and there are certain temperature and characteristics of Velocity Distribution in the cross section of reaction channel, and the maximum temperature of plasma jet can reach 10
4k magnitude, mean temperature is about 3000K, speed 10
2metre per second (m/s) magnitude, reaction condition is extremely harsh, is the super short contact time course of reaction of a Millisecond, after pulverized coal particle contacts with plasma jet, is sharply heated, and discharge volatile matter in several milliseconds, generates acetylene and other Small molecular hydro carbons.And a large amount of coal dusts can not enter the high-temperature region of plasma jet, fully contact with the plasma jet of high temperature and react, reaction can only be participated at the low-temperature region near wall, can not the coal dust of complete reaction can stick on reactor wall, blocking reaction channel, makes reaction be difficult to continue.
Patent CN101734994A discloses a kind of coal, pulverulent fuel mixer for coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene, its method is mixing section and coal injection pipe composition blender, the center of mixing section is a cone-shaped cavity, form the mixing chamber of plasma jet and coal dust, the surrounding of mixing chamber is evenly equipped with 2-6 the through hole coordinated with coal injection pipe.Although the cavity body structure energy constraint plasma jet of taper, improve mixing efficiency, but coal dust is not easy to the cold wall construction surface deposition in taper fully, cause the serious coking of the inner chamber of mixing section, blocking coal injection pipe and reaction channel, the cone angle of further increase inner chamber, is conducive to the raising of acetylene yield, but high speed pulverized coal particle wash away the damage that all can cause mixing section inner chamber with the ablation of plasma jet.Patent CN201454523U discloses a kind of pulverized coal injection injection device being applied to coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reactor, its method is the outlet of coal nozzle is wide flat, the major axis of nozzle be α with channel of reactor cross section angle, the center line of coal nozzle becomes β angle with the tangent line of channel of reactor intersection point, under the compression of the plasma jet rotated, pulverized coal particle is more easily made to be attached on reactor wall, blocking reaction channel.Patent CN101550054A discloses the hot plasma and coal dust mixed structure that are applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process, its method is that coal nozzle is arranged on the identical or different cross section of gas-solid down-flow fluidized bed using ECT blender vias inner walls, divide layer 2-3 distribution, every layer of 2-50mm, setting angle can adjust in whole space, be provided with above coal nozzle and hide stream component, object improves the radial velocity of pulverized coal particle along reaction channel, enter plasma jet central high temperature district, expand the contact area of coal dust jet and plasma jet, but do not reach desirable effect, plasma jet ablation and wash away the loss of screening stream component is increased, and due to the thermograde of plasma jet larger, along with successively decreasing of temperature, vertical height increases the number of plies of coal nozzle, coal dust is made to react not exclusively, more easily form coking material, blocking reaction channel, be unfavorable for long-play.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to existing coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene device mixing efficiency low, the easy coking of reaction channel, the problems such as heat utilization rate is low propose mixing and reaction method of a kind of plasma jet and coal dust, solve reaction channel coking and the high problem of energy consumption, improve a kind of plasma cracking coal acetylene reaction device of coal dust conversion ratio and acetylene yield.
For solving the problem, its technical scheme is a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit, comprise plasma torch A1, coal dust Injection Section 3, plasmatorch seat 5, plasma torch B6, reactor 7 forms, plasma torch A1 is arranged at coal dust Injection Section 3 top, plasmatorch seat 5 upper end connects coal dust Injection Section 3, and lower end coupled reaction device 7, plasma torch B6 is arranged on the below in plasmatorch A1 and coal dust Injection Section 3 region, and some along reactor 7 passage radial arrangement, axially some layers are set; The jet of plasma torch B6 forms gas phase contracting Adam's apple structure in plasmatorch seat 5.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, coal dust Injection Section 3 arranges coal injection pipe 4, and coal injection pipe is that 2-8 is individual arbitrary, makes coal dust fully contact plasma.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, the inner chamber of coal dust Injection Section is cylindrical structure, avoids the deposition of non-complete reaction coal dust.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, plasma torch B6 is that 3-8 is individual arbitrary, forms plasma contracting larynx in the chamber of plasmatorch seat 5.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, the angle of plasma torch B6 and X-axis is α, X-axis is the line of crossing wantonly one or two quartile of axle center and the cavity circle of plasma torch B6, floor projection angle between adjacent two layers plasma torch B6 is β, and the center line of plasma torch B6 and the projection angle of plasmatorch seat 5 axis are γ.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, α be 0 °-45 ° arbitrary, β be 0 °-60 ° arbitrary, γ be 30 °-150 ° arbitrary.。
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, the distance between plasma torch B6 is longitudinal is that 10-100mm is arbitrary.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, the diameter of plasma jet 2 that plasma torch A produces is D, and plasma torch B6 center line is more than or equal to the half of D to the distance L of X-axis, i.e. L≤D/2.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, coal dust Injection Section 3 preferentially for the injection of coal dust, also may be used for natural gas, shale gas, metal object, mineral matter etc.
A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit as above, may be used for the cracking of powder material, the plasma treatment of powder material, the cracking of liquid substance, the plasma treatment of liquid substance.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the inner chamber of coal dust Injection Section is a cylindrical structure, the plasma torch B be evenly arranged forms a gas phase contracting Adam's apple structure at the down going channel of coal dust and plasma jet, the effective confining plasma jet of energy, being wrapped in pulverized coal particle rotates descending, strengthen pulverized coal particle and also extend the time of staying of pulverized coal particle at channel of reactor with while plasma jet mixing probability, effectively can improve conversion ratio and the acetylene yield of coal dust, also non-complete reaction pulverized coal particle can be avoided to deposit in reactor surface, enable reaction long-time steady operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cross-sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that B-B of the present invention is to generalized section;
Fig. 3 is that A-A of the present invention is to generalized section;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention 4 structural profile schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention 6 structural profile schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the present invention 7 structural profile schematic diagram;
Drawing reference numeral: 1 be plasma torch A, 2 be plasma jet, 3 be coal dust Injection Section, 4 be coal injection pipe, 5 be plasmatorch seat, 6 be plasma torch B, 7 be reactor, 8 for pulverized coal particle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1, with reference to accompanying drawing 1-3, a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit, comprise plasma torch A1, plasma jet 2, coal dust Injection Section 3, coal injection pipe 4, plasmatorch seat 5, plasma torch B6, reactor 7 and pulverized coal particle 8 form, the diameter that plasma torch A exports the plasma jet 2 produced is D, coal dust Injection Section 3 is positioned at the below of plasma torch A, inner chamber is a face of cylinder, be evenly equipped with 2 coal injection pipes 4 around, the gas-solid phase pulverized coal particle 8 sprayed by coal injection pipe 4 contacts with plasma jet 2, after pulverized coal particle 8 contacts with plasma jet 2, sharply heated in several milliseconds, and discharge volatile matter, generate acetylene, ethene, the Small molecular hydro carbons such as methane.The face of cylinder inner chamber of coal dust Injection Section 3 can avoid the coal dust of non-complete reaction at surface deposition, because the maximum temperature at plasma jet 2 center can reach 10
4k magnitude, mean temperature is about 3000K, speed 10
2metre per second (m/s) magnitude, the high-temperature area that the pulverized coal particle entered through coal injection pipe 4 is difficult to enter plasma jet 2 mixes fully and reacts.A large amount of experiments proves that below coal dust Injection Section, increase contracting Adam's apple structure effectively can increase pulverized coal particle 8 and plasma jet 2 mixed effect, improves acetylene yield simultaneously.But due to the erosion of the ablation that is subject to high temperature and high speed pulverized coal particle, be difficult to long-play with the contracting Adam's apple structure that current material makes.Plasma torch B6, point two-layer be arranged on plasmatorch seat 5,3 every layer, the center line of plasma torch B6 and the distance of reactor center are L, the diameter of the jet that plasma torch A produces is D, L >=D/2, the floor projection angle of the plasma torch B6 ground floor that adjacent two layers is corresponding and second layer central axis is β, β is 60 °.Multiple power is that the plasma torch B6 generation plasma jet of 50KW forms a gas phase contracting Adam's apple structure on pulverized coal particle 8 with the descending reaction channel of plasma jet 2, article on plasma jet 2 forms effective compression, prevent the thermal loss caused because of volumetric expansion, gas phase contracting larynx is wrapped in pulverized coal particle 8 and rotates descending, strengthen while pulverized coal particle 8 mixes probability with plasma jet 2 and also extend the time of staying of pulverized coal particle 8 at channel of reactor, effectively can improve conversion ratio and the acetylene yield of coal dust, also non-complete reaction pulverized coal particle 8 can be avoided at reactor 7 surface deposition, enable reaction long-time steady operation.
Embodiment 2, with reference to accompanying drawing 1-3, the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: be evenly equipped with 8 coal injection pipes 4 around coal dust Injection Section 3; Plasma torch B6, divide three layers and be arranged on plasmatorch seat 5,8 every layer, the floor projection angle of ground floor and second layer central axis is β is 0 °.
Embodiment 3, with reference to accompanying drawing 1-3, the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: be evenly equipped with 4 coal injection pipes 4 around coal dust Injection Section 3; Plasma torch B6, divide three layers and be arranged on plasmatorch seat 5,4 every layer, the floor projection angle of ground floor and second layer central axis is β is 45 °.
Embodiment 4, with reference to accompanying drawing 4, the angle α of plasma torch B6 and X-axis is with embodiment 1-3 difference, α is 45 °, plasma jet 2 compression and constraint further while formation gas phase contracting larynx, make pulverized coal particle 8 can enter the high-temperature region of plasma jet 2, increase mixed effect, improve acetylene yield and heat utilization rate.
Embodiment 5, with reference to accompanying drawing 4, be the angle α of plasma torch B6 and X-axis with embodiment 1-3 difference, α is 30 °.
Embodiment 6, with reference to accompanying drawing 5, be that the center line of plasma torch B6 and the axis angle of plasmatorch seat 5 be γ, γ are 150 ° with embodiment 1-5 difference, while raising mixed effect, enhancing swirling eddy is to the protection of reactor wall.
With embodiment 1-6 difference, embodiment 7, with reference to accompanying drawing 5, is that the center line of plasma torch B6 and the axis angle of plasmatorch seat 5 be γ, γ are 30 °.
Claims (10)
1. a coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit, comprise plasma torch A, coal dust Injection Section, plasma torch B, plasma torch seat, reactor composition, plasma torch A is arranged at coal dust Injection Section top, plasma torch seat upper end connects coal dust Injection Section, lower end coupled reaction device, plasma torch B is arranged in the below in plasmatorch A and coal dust Injection Section region, and arranges some along channel of reactor radial direction, axially arranges some layers.
2. a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that
coal dust injectsthe inner chamber of section is cylindrical structure, avoids the deposition of non-complete reaction coal dust.
3., according to the arbitrary described a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit of claim 1,2, it is characterized in that
coal dust Injection Sectionarrange coal injection pipe, coal injection pipe is that 2-8 is individual arbitrary.
4. a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that
plasma torch Bfor 3-8 arbitrary.
5. according to the arbitrary described a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit of claim 1,4, it is characterized in that the angle of plasma torch B and X-axis is α, X-axis is the line of crossing wantonly one or two quartile of axle center and the cavity circle of plasma torch B, floor projection angle between adjacent two layers plasma torch B is β, and the center line of plasma torch B and the projection angle of plasmatorch seat axis are γ.
6. according to claim 1,5 arbitrary described a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction units, it is characterized in that angle α be 0 °-45 ° arbitrary, β be 0 °-60 ° arbitrary, γ be 30 °-150 ° arbitrary.
7., according to the arbitrary described a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit of claim 1,4, it is characterized in that
plasma torch Bdistance between longitudinal direction is that 10-100mm is arbitrary.
8. according to the arbitrary described a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit of claim 1,4, it is characterized in that the diameter of the plasma jet that plasma torch A produces is D, plasma torch B center line is more than or equal to the half of D to the distance L of X-axis, i.e. L≤D/2.
9. a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that coal dust Injection Section preferentially for the injection of coal dust, also may be used for natural gas, shale gas, metal object, mineral matter etc.
10. a kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that described device may be used for the cracking of powder material, the plasma treatment of powder material, the cracking of liquid substance, the plasma treatment of liquid substance.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108201868A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-06-26 | 新疆兵团现代绿色氯碱化工工程研究中心(有限公司) | A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device |
| CN108566715A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-21 | 航天神洁（北京）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of plasma coal acetylene plasma gun |
| CN112839730A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-05-25 | 北京康肯环保设备有限公司 | Method and apparatus for removing harmful substances from exhaust gas by plasma |
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| US4472172A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1984-09-18 | Charles Sheer | Arc gasification of coal |
| CN101508622A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2009-08-19 | 清华大学 | Coal powder entrance structure applied to reactor for producing acetylene with plasma coal cracking |
| CN103084129A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Multi-stage plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor and method for producing acetylene by using same |
| CN104785183A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-22 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Multi-section plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system |
| CN205269626U (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-06-01 | 新疆兵团现代绿色氯碱化工工程研究中心(有限公司) | Plasma schizolysis coal system acetylene reaction unit |
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2015
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4472172A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1984-09-18 | Charles Sheer | Arc gasification of coal |
| CN101508622A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2009-08-19 | 清华大学 | Coal powder entrance structure applied to reactor for producing acetylene with plasma coal cracking |
| CN103084129A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Multi-stage plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor and method for producing acetylene by using same |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108201868A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-06-26 | 新疆兵团现代绿色氯碱化工工程研究中心(有限公司) | A kind of hollow cathode Arc plasma rotated by magnetic field Coal Pyrolysis acetylene reaction device |
| CN108566715A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-21 | 航天神洁（北京）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of plasma coal acetylene plasma gun |
| CN112839730A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-05-25 | 北京康肯环保设备有限公司 | Method and apparatus for removing harmful substances from exhaust gas by plasma |
| CN112839730B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2022-09-23 | 北京康肯环保设备有限公司 | Method and apparatus for removing harmful substances from exhaust gas by plasma |
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