CN207122949U - Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system - Google Patents
Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN207122949U CN207122949U CN201720206201.6U CN201720206201U CN207122949U CN 207122949 U CN207122949 U CN 207122949U CN 201720206201 U CN201720206201 U CN 201720206201U CN 207122949 U CN207122949 U CN 207122949U
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- zone
- heating system
- wall portion
- isolation
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/08—Electric heater
Abstract
It the utility model is related to a kind of heating system and a kind of external member for being used to manufacture heating system.According to the utility model, the heating system is used to heat room, and it includes：Isolation/reflecting element, it can be arranged in the wall portion in room and be equipped to the heat bridge and reflection IR rays for disconnecting wall portion；Electrical heating elements, it is equipped to be used to produce IR rays, and the electrical heating elements can be run and including substrate with safety low-voltage, wherein, the substrate has the first side for scribbling zone of heating, wherein, the zone of heating includes at least one conductivity additive based on carbon；And spacer element, it can be arranged in isolation/between reflecting element and electrical heating elements and be arranged so that the heating element heater is spaced apart with the isolation/reflecting element；Wherein, electrical heating elements can be arranged in the wall portion via spacer element so that the zone of heating faces the isolation/reflecting element.
Description
Technical field
A kind of heating system is the utility model is related to, it is especially suitable for heating room as house room, and relates to
And for manufacturing the external member of heating system in wall portion.
Background technology
Need to heat the surface of object or main body at many aspects of life, wherein, can be when heating room
The electric wall portion heater of many places installation such as heater strip with indentation or the wall portion heater of water auxiliary, it is auxiliary in water
The water circulation circulation being heated in the wall portion heater helped.These heaters have in common that, heater is by wall portion
Surface is heated to desired temperature, wherein, because remaining of heated wall portion and room it is movable and it is not movable
Object (such as furniture, air, ceiling, floor and the wall portion for being not fixed to wall portion heater) is in temperature exchange, room
Remaining movable and not movable object finally have and heated wall portion identical temperature.
The shortcomings that this mode of heating is, it is necessary to relatively great amount of energy, first heated wall portion is used, in spite of thermal insulation
Part, still there is relatively great amount of heat to be transferred in wall portion, because insulation is reached relatively quickly the temperature in heated wall portion face
It is horizontal.
Such wall portion heater is it is known that in order to solve the problem, it has plate, and face formula is provided with the plate and is added
Pipe line and the aluminium film that high gloss is bonded with rear side of plate, wherein, plate is pacified by the foundation structure being made up of wood lath
In wall portion so that the rear side of plate points to wall portion and the air gap with wood lath thickness is formed between plate and wall portion；Ginseng
See the U1 of DE 20 2,016 001 732.Described in the U1 of DE 20 2,016 001 732 and be configured to extremely have by this
Effect ground reduces outside heat radiation.But in order to actually very effectively reduce the heat occurred by wall portion in the structure shown here
Loss, it is necessary to separate the remainder of air gap and room to be heated so that in air gap between such as remaining room air
Heat exchange will not occur.But such closed sealing of this air gap actually can hardly be realized.
Utility model content
Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of heating system, and it can be simply mounted on the wall portion in room
The upper and wall portion heater of ratio so far more effectively utilizes the energy for heating room.
Utility model people of the present utility model makes it has been surprisingly seen that by combining multiple measures by separation layer
Wall portion is adiabatic, while heats separation layer and reflecting layer is applied in wall portion and can not only realize that heat is decoupled and therefore substantially changes
Kind wall portion is adiabatic, and can realize the efficiency of heating surface of raising.
Especially the utility model is related to a kind of heating system for being used to heat room, the heating system bag in first scheme
Include：(i) isolation/reflecting element, its can be installed or installed in the wall portion in room and be equipped to disconnect wall portion heat bridge and
Reflect IR rays；(ii) electrical heating elements, it is equipped to be used to produce IR rays, and the electrical heating elements can be transported with safety low-voltage
Go and including substrate, wherein, substrate has the first side for scribbling zone of heating, wherein, the zone of heating includes at least one base
In the conductivity additive of carbon；And (iii) spacer element, it can arrange or be arranged in isolation/reflecting element and heating element heater
Between and be arranged so that heating element heater is spaced apart with isolation/reflecting element, wherein, electrical heating elements can via spacer element
In wall portion or in wall portion so that zone of heating faces isolation/reflecting element.
External member for manufacturing heating system in wall portion is provided in alternative plan according to the utility model, wherein, set
Part includes：(1) isolation/reflecting element, it can be arranged in the wall portion in room and be equipped to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion and anti-
Penetrate IR rays；(2) electrical heating elements, it is equipped to be used to produce IR rays, and the electrical heating elements can be run with safety low-voltage
And including substrate, wherein, substrate has the first side for scribbling zone of heating, wherein, the zone of heating is based on comprising at least one
The conductivity additive of carbon；And (3) spacer element, it may be arranged at isolation/between reflecting element and heating element heater and matches somebody with somebody
It is set to so that heating element heater is spaced apart with isolation/reflecting element, wherein, electrical heating elements can be arranged on wall portion via spacer element
On so that zone of heating faces isolation/reflecting element.
Heating room can be used for or for room of screening from electromagnetic radiation according to heating system of the present utility model.
It is used to manufacture heating system in wall portion according to external member of the present utility model.
Such as heating system can be provided in wall portion in the following manner, wherein, this method comprises the following steps：(a) will be every
It is arranged on from/reflecting element in the wall portion in room, wherein, the isolation/reflecting element is equipped to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion and anti-
Penetrate IR rays；(b) spacer element is arranged on isolation/reflecting element；And (c) by for produce IR rays electrical heating member
Part is arranged on spacer element, can be produced or be produced to isolation/reflecting element so as to the IR ray surfaces as caused by heating element heater
It is raw, wherein, the electrical heating elements can be run and including substrate with safety low-voltage, wherein, substrate, which has, scribbles zone of heating
First side, wherein, the zone of heating includes at least one conductivity additive based on carbon.
In addition room can be heated as follows：(a) isolation/reflecting element is arranged in the wall portion in room, wherein, should
Isolation/reflecting element is equipped to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion and reflects IR rays；(b) spacer element is arranged on isolation/reflection
On element；(c) spacer element will be arranged on for the electrical heating elements for producing IR rays, so as to as caused by heating element heater
IR ray surfaces can be produced or produced to isolation/reflecting element；And (d) operation heating element heater, wherein, the electrical heating elements can
Run with safety low-voltage and including substrate, wherein, substrate has the first side for scribbling zone of heating, wherein, the zone of heating
Include at least one conductivity additive based on carbon.
Heating system
Heating element heater
It is being electrical heating elements according to the component included in heating system of the present utility model, the electrical heating elements are equipped to
For producing IR rays, the electrical heating elements can be run and including substrate with safety low-voltage, wherein, substrate, which has to scribble, to be added
The first side of thermosphere, wherein, the zone of heating includes at least one conductivity additive based on carbon.
In one preferred embodiment, zone of heating is applied only in one of them in two major opposing sides of substrate
(major opposing side herein is two sides (that is, the side limited by the length and width of substrate) for strutting largest face).At this
In embodiment, the major opposing side for being provided with zone of heating of substrate is referred to as substrate or the first side of heating element heater.Substrate (or heating
Element) side relative with the first side of substrate (or heating element heater) and putting be referred to as second side.It is alternative at one
Applying zone of heating in each in embodiment in two major opposing sides of substrate, the zone of heating is equipped to produce IR rays,
The zone of heating can be run with safety low-voltage and include at least one conductivity additive based on carbon.
Preferably, electrical heating elements are equipped to send IR rays towards each direction that (that is, heating element heater does not have aluminium film, especially
Without the reflecting layer that can reflect or reflect IR rays, typically without IR reflecting layer).
In the zone of heating of electrical heating elements heat can be produced by applying electric current.According to heating system of the present utility model
In, zone of heating due to the presence of at least one conductivity additive but it is low ohm, this causes good electric conductivity because
Only exist the resistance of very little.Thus uniform heating properties can be realized.In addition, ensure only to need the electricity of very little by low resistive
The electric current of pressure and/or very little is applied on zone of heating, it becomes possible to realizes good heating.
Preferably there are two conductive contacts in order to apply voltage and/or electric current, electrical heating elements on zone of heating
Element.According to applied code well known by persons skilled in the art and regulation, contact element is connected on power supply.
Zone of heating is applied in substrate in known manner, such as is applied as the coating of especially film-form.
Zone of heating is preferably only applied to (master herein in one of them in two major opposing sides of substrate as coating
Face is two sides (that is, the side limited by the length and width of substrate) for strutting largest face).Zone of heating can be in a known way
It is applied in substrate.Such as can by rolling, spraying, smearing, brushing, scraping, spatula or compacting will be based on containing at least one
The dispersant of the conductivity additive of carbon is applied in substrate, wherein, it is preferable to spray, roll, scrape or suppress.Dispersant
Coating can in one step (that is, only in primary coating) or in two or more steps (that is, at 2 times or repeatedly apply
In layer) carry out, wherein, there should be drying steps respectively between each coating in the latter case.Preferably, by twice
Rolled (in-between with drying steps) in coating or can produce zone of heating by spraying is carried out in primary coating.Must
Bottom can be produced in substrate before zone of heating is applied when wanting.This is especially favourable, so as to reduce the absorbability of substrate and/
Or ensure that the surface quality of substrate keeps constant.Therefore in one embodiment electrical heating elements between zone of heating and substrate
There can be bottom.
One or more other layers (equalizing layer and/or guarantor as being used for balanced irregularities can be applied on zone of heating
Sheath (such as protective paint) and/or coloured coating).In one embodiment, protective layer or equalizing layer can be with zone of heating electricity absolutely
Edge.Protective layer or equalizing layer can generate in known manner.The example of this protective layer or equalizing layer is by filler or mortar structure
Into layer, the layer, nonwoven fabric belts (nonwoven fabric belts can be bonded in one embodiment) or the above-mentioned conjugate that are made up of sealant.
Advantageously, protective layer or equalizing layer can heat conduction, if necessary and can be electrically insulated.In addition, can be using coloured coating as most
Upper strata applies, its advantageously heat conduction.
Zone of heating can be applied on the whole face of the side of substrate.But advantageously, zone of heating is not the side for covering substrate
Whole face, but be applied only to substrate part surface (such as until 95%, until 90%, until 85%, until 80%, it is straight
To 75% or until on 70%), wherein, part surface is preferably arranged for, and the circular edge of substrate keeps no zone of heating (outstanding
It does not have zone of heating and contact element).This is favourable, because the edge can be used for heating element heater being installed to spacer element
On.For example, edge can have 1-20cm (such as 2-15cm, 3-12cm, 4-10cm or 5-8cm) width.
The face that zone of heating covers in substrate is not limited in addition to being limited by the size of respective substrates by other.Zone of heating
Area for example can be up to 100m2, preferably of up to 20m2, more preferably up to 10m2, such as 1dm2To 50m2、0.1m2To 10m2、0.2m2
To 8m2、0.3m2To 6m2、0.4m2To 4m2、0.5m2To 2m2Or 0.6m2To 1.10m2As long as substrate has corresponding size.
In top view (that is, the direction of observation of the vertical line in the face strutted towards the length and width by zone of heating), heating
Layer can have any arbitrary two-dimensional shapes, such as form of rectangle, square, circle, ellipse, parallelogram etc..
According to a preferred embodiment, zone of heating has quadrangle form, especially rectangle or parallelogram in a top view
Shape.Preferably, the ratio of the width of zone of heating and length is less than or equal to 1.Therefore zone of heating has band in this embodiment
Shape or strip.
In order to which there are preferably two conductions to electrical heating elements, especially zone of heating application voltage and/or electric current, heating element heater
Contact element (especially according to each electrical heating elements included in heating system of the present utility model or according to this practicality
The each zone of heating included in new heating system) there are preferably two conductive contact elements.Contact element especially can be
Bow strip or contact band.
In one embodiment, two conductive contact elements include conductive bonding jumper, especially conductive copper bar.Have
Sharp ground, each contact element have tack coat.Each the gross thickness (if it does, including tack coat) of contact element is preferably
It is maximum 100 μm, more preferably up to 90 μm, more preferably up to 80 μm, more preferably up to 75 μm.
In one embodiment, contact element may be configured to straight bar.But for other embodiment contact element
The shape of part is also not necessarily limited to this straight set-up mode.Contact element for example can be by the direction upper curve that stretched on the top layer of zone of heating
The bar to stretch is formed.
In one embodiment, two conductive contact elements can arrange or be arranged in the relative of zone of heating and put
On fringe region (such as upper edge region and lower edge margin, or left hand edge region and right hand edge region).In an embodiment party
In formula, two conductive contact elements are arranged to or may be disposed to parallel to each other.
In one embodiment, contact element is located on the lateral edge region of zone of heating, i.e. contact element is in banding
Zone of heating longitudinal direction on extend.The advantages of embodiment is that on the one hand the distance between contact element is relatively small
And and then it can ensure that and reliably heat zone of heating over the entire width.The fringe region of zone of heating is preferably the width of zone of heating
Lateral edge region.Width herein is preferred to represent that the master transverse to zone of heating stretches direction, the yardstick of especially length.Edge
Region extends from the lateral edge of zone of heating and with zone of heating positioned at leading the centerline to stretch on direction whole respectively
Only.Here, the main direction that stretches can be straight line or curve.Therefore, contact element is without extension on centerline and preferably with
Heart line apart terminates, wherein, the spacing advantageously be at least contact element width 4 times (as at least 5 times, at least 6 times,
At least 7 times or at least 8 times).Advantageously, the spacing between the interior seamed edge of contact element can up to 2m, preferably of up to 1m, such as
30-80cm, 35-70cm or 40-60cm, as long as substrate has corresponding size.
The width of contact element is inessential.But the size of contact element should be determined to be, it allows to apply to heating element heater
Making alive and/or electric current, preferably apply in the whole length of zone of heating and/or width.For example, the width of contact element can join
The width of zone of heating is examined to select.The suitable width of contact element can be the 1/10 to 1/40 (preferably 1/ of the width of zone of heating
12 to 1/32, such as 1/16 to 1/24, in scope such as 1/20).The absolute width of contact element can be in 2-8cm (preferably 2.5-
6.5cm, such as 3.5-5cm or 4cm) scope in, wherein, the width summation maximum of the contact element of zone of heating should be zone of heating
The half of width.
Conductive contact element preferably extends in the whole length of zone of heating.This has the following advantages that, i.e. zone of heating exists
Its width can be flowed through in its whole length by electric current and and then make it that area to be heated is maximum.Advantageously, contact element extends
More than the longitudinal end of zone of heating, i.e. extend over longitudinal end.This similarly helps to maximize area to be heated, because
Not to be the section directly contacted with zone of heating of contact element, but only contact element do not contacted directly with zone of heating stretch
The remainder gone out can be used for ensuring to be conductively connected (by Electricity Federation socket part and electric lead) with power supply.Here, Electricity Federation socket part can
To be any connection part, it is adapted to make contact element conductively connected with electric lead.This Electricity Federation socket part is to art technology
It is known for personnel and for example including plug connection or soldering connection, wherein, soldering connection can additionally have if necessary
Have and bond (such as by resinoid bond etc.).Preferably, Electricity Federation socket part may include locking nut (such as rotary nut), corresponding
Screw and cable connector sleeve pipe.Locking nut is preferably equipped with into, its by screw substrate the contact element of being provided with
The cable being extruded on side and in the region for be provided with contact element between locking nut and contact element
When on swagelok, being conductively connected between contact element and cable connector sleeve pipe can be produced or produced.Then can tradition
Mode couple electric lead on cable connector sleeve pipe, can produce or produce being conductively connected for power supply by electric lead.Connecing
In an alternative embodiment for touching the Electricity Federation socket part between element and the electric lead being conductively connected with power supply, substrate has
Hole, contact element can be bonded or be bonded in hole.It is then pressed into rivet (can also have screw thread), mounting screw (is installed if necessary
For the pad reliably electrically connected) and place cable connector sleeve pipe, so as to produce with and the electric lead that is conductively connected of power supply
Electrical connection.Locking nut extrudes the construction (if necessary including stop washer).Then, the construction can be provided with screw rostral
One or more other layers (such as filler, mortar and/or coloured coating).
Contact element can be arranged in substrate in any known fashion, for example, by bonding (such as by tack coat or
Bonding strip), thermal spraying (such as electric arc spraying) or plasma spraying.The application of contact element, especially conductive bonding jumper, such as copper bar
It is known for a person skilled in the art, for example, see WO 2013/156162.In order to simply operate and manufacture heating
Element, it can be preferable that contact element, which is bonded in substrate,.Preferably there is tack coat for the embodiment contact element.
Zone of heating (wherein, previously having produced bottom in substrate if necessary) is produced in substrate afterwards can be by contact element
Part is applied on zone of heating.In this case preferred that applying contact element in the case where using suitable device, close
Suitable device allows the especially uncrossed electric current between contact element and zone of heating to pass through.This for example can be by with lower section
Formula is realized, i.e. tack coat is conductive in the embodiment that contact element includes tack coat.
Alternately, apply contact element before producing zone of heating in substrate (can previously produce in substrate if necessary
Bottom).In this case preferred that include the dispersant of at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
(Dispersion) (may first only) be applied on contact element, such as so that other dispersant layer to contact element
Coating (being used to produce zone of heating) on part and in substrate and/or the electric current between contact element and zone of heating are by being able to
Improve.Preferably, dispersant is not only applied between contact element and (contact element as previously described can be advance with dispersant thereon
Smear), and also above contact element another longitudinal direction side (that is, more than between not the limiting between contact element of contact element
The longitudinal direction side of gap) and/or more than contact element wide side coated in the substrate substrate of priming operation (or previously).This to connect
Touch element and be fully heated layer encirclement in longitudinal direction side and/or in the wide side of contact element.Connect dispersant is coated to first
Can be advantageously contact element degreasing, to improve the adhesion of zone of heating on the contact members before touching on element.
The thickness of zone of heating preferably select very little and for instance in μ m (such as at 40-200 μm, preferably 50-
In 100 μm of scope).Such as the thickness of zone of heating is less than 100 μm just enough, so as to obtain desired heating effect.
Substrate can be any to the suitable substrate of building field (such as plasterboard, especially plaster board), and substrate is excellent
Choosing is configured to fire-retardant.The size and dimension of substrate and electrical heating elements can be conventionally constructed.In top view (that is, court
The direction of observation of the vertical line in the face strutted by the length and width of substrate) in, substrate can have any arbitrary two-dimensional shapes,
Such as form of rectangle, square, circle, ellipsoid, parallelogram etc..According to a preferred embodiment, substrate
There is the shape of quadrangle form, especially rectangle or parallelogram in a top view.Preferably, the width of substrate and length
Ratio is less than or equal to 1.Therefore substrate has banding or strip in this embodiment.
Preferably, the length (L) of substrate/heating element heater, width (B) and thickness (D) are in following ranges：10-500cm
(such as 50-400cm, 80-300cm, 100-250cm or 120-200cm)；B：10-200cm (such as 20-150cm, 30-140cm, 40-
120cm, 50-100cm or 60-80cm)；D：5-40mm (such as 10-30mm or 15-25mm).It is the size of substrate/heating element heater, outstanding
Its thickness variable.
Instead of substrate/heating element heater of unique large area (such as so that the wall portion for room is set uniquely by entire surface
Heating element heater), it is preferred that use multiple (such as at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least 7
Individual, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, for example until 40, until 30, until 25, until 20, until 15
Or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to 25,5 to 20,6 to 15 or 2 to 10) corresponding less substrate/
Heating element heater, its totality can cover the whole face of wall portion.Therefore, at least one, such as can be had according to heating system of the present utility model
At least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, such as
Until 40, until 30, until 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to
25,5 to 20,6 to 15 or 2 to 10 electrical heating elements as defined above (that is, can be run with safety low-voltage and
Include the heating element heater of substrate respectively, wherein, substrate has the first side for scribbling zone of heating, wherein, the zone of heating includes extremely
A kind of few conductivity additive based on carbon), wherein it is preferred to which each electrical heating elements have two conductive contact elements.
The area of each zone of heating may be the same or different, and can be respectively at scope (such as the 1dm above provided2To 50m2、0.1m2
To 10m2、0.2m2To 8m2、0.3m2To 6m2、0.4m2To 4m2、0.5m2To 2m2Or 0.6m2To 1.10m2) in.
Alternately, instead of unique zone of heating, multiple (such as at least two, at least three, at least 4 can be applied in substrate
Individual, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, for example until 40, until 30, it is straight
To 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to 25,5 to 20,6 to 15
Or 2 to 10) corresponding less zone of heating.Therefore, can have at least 1 in substrate according to heating system of the present utility model
Individual, such as at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least 10
It is individual, for example until 40, until 30, until 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30
Individual, 4 to 25,5 to 20,6 to 15 or 2 to 10 zones of heating, the zone of heating include at least one leading based on carbon respectively
Electrical additive, wherein it is preferred to which each zone of heating has two conductive contact elements.The area of each zone of heating can be identical
Or it is different, and scope (such as the 1dm above provided can be respectively at2To 50m2、0.1m2To 10m2、0.2m2To 8m2、0.3m2
To 6m2、0.4m2To 4m2、0.5m2To 2m2Or 0.6m2To 1.10m2) in.
For example, high 300cm and long 500cm and should by entire surface be provided with one or more electrical heating elements room wall
In portion, or unique electrical heating elements can be installed, unique heating element heater have corresponding size (that is, such as 300cm's
The length of width and 500cm) and unique heating element heater or with unique zone of heating (such as with 290cm width
With the rectangular shape of 490cm length) or (such as 10 zones of heating, it has rectangular shape simultaneously respectively with multiple zones of heating
And width and 145cm length with 98cm)；Or multiple electrical heating elements (such as 5 electrical heating members can be preferably installed
Part, it has 300cm length and 100cm width respectively；Or 10 heating element heaters, it has 150cm length respectively
With 100cm width).Herein can it is desirable that, wall portion is not to be electrically heated element covering by entire surface, but is had
Region (such as until roof or until ground maximum 10cm (such as 1-10cm, 2-8cm, 3-7cm, 4-6cm or 4-5cm) and/
Or up to adjacent wall portion maximum 20cm (such as 1-20cm, 2-18cm, 3-16cm, 4-12cm or 5-10cm)) exposure is kept, such as
With will pass through remaining space air improve the circulation for the air being heated in isolation/between reflecting element and heating element heater or
Exchange and/or improve the accessibility of the connection part of heating element heater.Alternately, this " exposure " face can be by not heating
The substrate covering of layer (but there is EMV layers described herein if necessary).
The heat sent from zone of heating can be controlled in known manner.For example, heat can be particularly by electric with zone of heating
The power supply of connection (especially flows through the magnitude of current of zone of heating or the voltage being applied on zone of heating；The two can be by controlling accordingly
Device is controlled) power coefficient, the thickness by setting zone of heating and/or pass through the conductivity additive in zone of heating
Concentration changes.
Electrical heating elements can be run by alternating voltage or DC voltage.Can be that electrical heating elements supply low-voltage (i.e.,
Safety low-voltage) and therefore can realize enough heating effects.Heating element heater can bring into operation from magnitude of voltage more than 0V, wherein
Preferable safety low-voltage (alternating voltage or DC voltage) 5V into 48V scopes (in the scope such as in 18-25V, for example
22V)。
Electrical heating elements are equipped to absorb at least in part and/or reflecting electromagnetic radiation in one embodiment.On the other hand,
Substrate can have the heating for including at least one conductivity additive based on carbon on the first side in one embodiment
Layer, and there is EMV layers on the second side, it is equipped to absorb at least in part and/or reflecting electromagnetic radiation.The embodiment party
Formula has the following advantages that, i.e. can be absorbed or be absorbed at least in part by electromagnetic radiation caused by zone of heating and/or can
Reflected or reflected.Such as second side can have comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and can be grounded or
The coating of ground connection, it thus can realize or realize absorption of electromagnetic radiation at least in part.Alternatively or additionally, can be by following
Mode shields electromagnetic radiation, i.e. zone of heating has the device for being grounded, and the device is equipped to so that zone of heating is at least partly
Ground can be grounded or be grounded (that is, when electrical heating elements are not used in heating and are not therefore loaded voltage and/or electric current).
Electrical heating elements can be installed in wall portion via spacer element so that can IR rays can as caused by heating element heater
Produced in face of isolation/reflecting element or produce that (that is, heating element heater can be pacified via spacer element in face of isolation/reflecting element
It is attached in wall portion or is installed to via spacer element in wall portion so that the one side for being provided with zone of heating of substrate is to isolation/anti-
Penetrate element).This has the following advantages that, i.e. due to passing through isolation/reflecting element and the heating to isolation/reflecting element simultaneously
Realizing wall portion thermal insulation, heat is decoupled, and this make it that the thermal insulation of wall portion is improved and (that is, almost enters wall portion without heat).It is another
Advantage is, compared to the situation of traditional heating system, the wall portion absorbs the water of less house interior, preferably do not absorb room
Internal water.Because isolation/reflecting element also reflect it is most of (preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least
91%th, more preferably at least 92%, more preferably at least 93%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least
96%) the IR rays of directive wall portion, by can be with than traditional heating system more according to heating system of the present utility model
Few energy warms room.
Conductivity additive is conductive material and is known to those skilled in the art.Electric conductivity addition based on carbon
The particular example of agent includes graphite, carbon black, CNT (CNTs), carbon fiber and carbon nano-fiber.Zone of heating can include one kind
Or a variety of above-mentioned conductivity additives, such as by 2 or 3 kind of above-mentioned conductivity additive, such as graphite and carbon black or graphite and CNTs
The mixture of composition.
The following detailed description of the characteristic of above-mentioned conductivity additive.
Graphite is very common mineral and belongs to semimetal and nonmetallic classification.Except diamond and fullerene with
Outside, graphite be carbon the third on earth under normal condition in the form of stable state (modification) and mostly with hexagon knot
Crystalline substance, it is also rarely found in trigonal system.
Graphite develops into the crystal of opaque, grey to black in hexagon, bulk, flakey or columnar shape,
The crystal has metallic luster in crystal face.
Have in Scaly graphite the parallel flat multiple layers to stretch, its be " basal plane " or " graphite linings ".One layer is by altogether
The hexagon of valence link connection is formed, and its carbon atom is with sp2Hydridization.Combination between the internal plane, carbon atom can be
4.3eV, and combination can be only 0.07eV between plane.Because this extreme orientation dependency of adhesion produces graphite
Machinery, electric and thermal characteristics significant anisotropy：
The slight fissility along basal plane of-pure graphite, along the significantly higher intensity of crystal layer；
- compared to the thermal insulation and electrical insulating property that are essentially metallic conductivity, are orthogonal to basal plane along plane.
Electric conductivity within plane is realized by the delocalization of pi-electron.If the correlation do not fixed between plane,
Referred to as turbostratic carbon.Graphite is alternatively synthesis source, the production as the coking to this suitable plastics, pitch, oil, coal etc.
Thing.
Carbon black is the pulverulent solids of black, and it is according to quality and application and including 80% or more carbon.
Carbon black shows according to its application field and with special characteristic, its targetedly by manufacture method type and
The influence of the change of procedure parameter.
Carbon black, its characteristic, manufacture method, using etc. by broad description, therefore refer to correlation technique article herein.
CNT (CNTs) is formed by being rolled into cylinder, closure graphite linings.Single pipe is referred to as " single
Wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) " (SWCNT), increase the part of diameter due to the pipe being coaxially laminated
Referred to as " multiwall carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotube) " (MWCNT).
CNTs can be made up of various methods.Most generally known is arc procedure, laser ablation methods and catalysis auxiliary
Chemical vapor deposition (CCVD).The method of the latter is suitable for mass producing CNTs.Herein in metal, catalytic activity base
Produced on body by gaseous carbon source (hydrocarbon, alcohol, CO, CO2) form CNT.
Generally, SWCNT has 0.5-4nm diameter, and MWCNT has the diameter between 6 and 100nm.CNTs length
Can be up to several mm.
CNTs physical characteristic is corresponding to graphite as the extending along basal plane of graphite.
Nowadays CNTs is used in polymer, ceramics and metal as mechanical reinforcing agent, conduction and the additive of heat conduction.It is right
This, CNTs generally carries out chemical modification in its surface, so as to meet that (it is alternatively referred to as good dispersiveness with basic unit is connected to
Heat medium basic material) on requirement.Generally host material is added to CNTs.Therefore, term " CNTs " should not only include
Non-modified CNTs also includes the CNTs of modified (in particular sidewall modification).Due to high aspect ratio and high ratio surface
Product, can only form the composite with relatively low CNT contents.
Carbon fiber " Carbonfasern " is (also referred to as " Kohlenstofffasern ") fiber that industry manufactures.Distinguish
For isotropism and anisotropic type, wherein, isotropic fiber only has small intensity and anisotropic fibre
The feature of dimension is also has high intensity and rigidity while small fracture elongation in the axial direction.The diameter of carbon fiber is about
For 5-9 μm and therefore it is more than carbon nano-fiber or CNTs.
Carbon nano-fiber (CNF) is made up of graphene layer, and it is stacked on top of each other along fibre axis.It is relative with reference to graphene layer
It is used to be distinguished roughly in the angle (orientation) of fibre axis.Therefore, so-called " herringbone " CNF has with ≠ 90 ° of angle
Spend the graphene layer of arrangement.The CNF can be solid or be hollow.Its diameter is in 50nm-1 μm of scope and its length
Can be up to mm scopes.In the case where graphene layer is arranged relative to fibre axis with=90 °, it is referred to as " board-like " CNF.Its diameter
In 50-500nm scope and its length can be up to 50 μm.
The CNF is generally made up of CVD.Its application is predominantly in catalysis as catalyst carrier and in lithium-ion electric
Additive in pond or during air storage as activity.
At least one adhesive can be included in the zone of heating comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon, its
In, the adhesive preferably includes nonconducting polymer.A kind of connection is interpreted as according to " adhesive " of the present utility model, passed through
The connection particle (such as conductivity additive, especially graphite and carbon black) can be applied in substrate so that particle and adhesive (with
And if any with other materials) together be adhered in substrate.That is, adhesive promote the cohesion of particle in zone of heating with
And adhesive force of the zone of heating in substrate.Adhesive may be configured to organic or inorganic.Similarly, it is based on comprising at least one
The conductivity additive of carbon and available for producing the scattered of the zone of heating comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Agent can include at least one adhesive as defined above.
Nonconducting polymer is not particularly limited and comprising various types of polymer, especially thermoplastic polymer
(also referred to as thermoplastic), elastomer and reaction resin, if necessary with one or more additives (such as curing agent and promotion
Agent) mixing.Polymer is interpreted as the chemical compound built by the homogeneous unit (monomer) of one or more.Such molecule leads to
Often with the construction for having chain or branch and with the covalent bond between monomer.Several, but not closure is described below
The example for preferable polymer, it can individually be used or be used in a manner of any combination.Nonconducting polymerization
Share of the thing in zone of heating can be 10-95% (such as 20-85%, 30-80% or 40-75%) by weight.It is nonconducting
Polymer is including at least one leading based on carbon comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and available for producing
Share in the dispersant of the zone of heating of electrical additive can be by weight 10-90% (such as 20-80%, 30-75% or
40-60%).
The example packet of thermoplastic polymer includes：
- polyolefin (such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, polyisobutene)
- polyamide (such as such as polyamide -66, polyamide -12, polyamide-11, polyamide -6)
- acrylic polymer (such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid and derivative)
- fluorine system polymer (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride)
- aliphatic series and aromatic polyester (such as such as polyethylene glycol, polyethylene terephthalate)
- polyimides (such as such as PEI)
- poly- (virtue) ether ketone (such as such as polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone)
- polysulfide (such as such as polyphenylene sulfide, PPSU, polysulfones, polyether sulfone)
- polyformaldehyde
- cellulose and its derivates (such as such as cellulose nitrite, cellulose acetate salt, cellulose acetate butyrate
Deng)
- polyvinyl (such as such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral resin, poly-
Vinyl pyrrolidone etc.)
The example packet of elastomer includes：
- natural rubber, it can include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent, nitrile substituent, sulphur substituent or oxygen substituent
- isoprene, it can include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent, nitrile substituent, sulphur substituent or oxygen substituent
- butadiene, it can include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent, nitrile substituent, sulphur substituent or oxygen substituent
- other rubber, it can include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent, nitrile substituent, sulphur substituent or oxygen substituent
- elastomer silicone
- polyurethane
The example of reaction resin is epoxy resin, and it includes the monomer containing group, oligomer and/or polymer.Epoxy
Resin can be based on aromatic monomer (for example, bisphenol-A, Bisphenol F, novolaks etc.), aliphatic monomers or alicyclic monomer.The latter is grouped
Example including (but not limited to) 3,4- epoxycyclohexyl-methyl -3,4- epoxycyclohexane carboxylates, double ((3,4- epoxy hexamethylenes
Base) methyl) adipate ester and with higher or lower molecular weight other derivatives.Epoxy resin can be simple function, double
Function, trifunctional, tetrafunctional and more polyfunctional and including all molecular weight.
Other of reaction resin are grouped into cyanate and isocyanates, and this corresponding representative is included (but it is unlimited
In) bis- isocyanate group -1- methylbenzenes of 2,4-, 1- isocyanate groups -4- [(4- isocyanatophenyis) methyl] benzene, the double (4- of 1,1-
Cyanato- phenyl) ethane, double (the 4- cyanato-s phenyl) propane of 2,2-, oligomeric (isocyanic acid of 3- methylene -1,5- benzene two) and have
Other derivatives of higher or lower molecular weight.
The another of reaction resin is grouped into the linear and glycol of branch and polyfunctional alcohol (such as oligomeric polyols and polyester is more
First alcohol and PPG) packet.
Another packet for being grouped into reactive polyimides system of reaction resin.Reactive polyimides system can wrap
Containing monofunctional monomer (such as such as N-phenylmaleimide, 2,6- xylyls maleimide, N- N-cyclohexylmaleimides
Deng) and/or difunctionality monomer (such as such as 4,4'- diphenyl methanes-BMI, N, N'- (4- methyl-m- sub- benzene
Base) BMI, N, N'--phenylenes, diallyl ether bisphenol-A, neighbour are adjacent '-diallyl A, polyphenylene span come
Acid imide, polybenzimidazoles etc.).
Another packet for being grouped into phenolic resin of reaction resin.Example is including but not limited to based on phenolic aldehyde or first rank
The example of section phenolic resin.
Other example packets of reaction resin include：
- unsaturated polyester resin and vinyl ester resin
-ol acid resin
- melmac
- polysilane and organosilicon
- acrylate (including methacrylate)
- polyquinoxaline
- pitch and pitch
In addition, in zone of heating (or wrapped comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and available for producing
In the dispersant of zone of heating containing at least one conductivity additive based on carbon) curing agent and/or accelerator can be included, such as
Amine, acid amides, amidoamines, amino alcohol, amino acid, acid anhydrides, imidazoles, cyanamide, alcohols, phenols, polyalcohol, cyanate, sulphur
Alcohol, carboxylic acid, metal complex etc..According to the utility model, " curing agent " is interpreted as being used for multiple individually foundation structure lists
First (such as adhesive) connects into the compound of a three-dimensional network.Curing agent preferably has at least two function groups, and it can
With adhesive reaction and can be identical or different.Curing agent/accelerator in zone of heating (or in dispersant) part
Volume preferably carries out stoichiometry relative to corresponding reaction resin, and (that is, curing agent/accelerator is measured to be such, in theory
Almost each curing agent/promotion agent molecule can react with reaction resin molecule；It is preferred that in zone of heating (or in dispersant
In) amount of curing agent/accelerator for the molecular weight of reaction resin 80-150% (such as 85-130%, 90-120%, 95-
110%th, 97-105%, 98-102% or 100%)).
It is preferred that it is possible that zone of heating (also or comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and can be used for producing
The dispersant of the raw zone of heating comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon) do not include organic bond.In this feelings
Under condition, instead of nonconducting polymer, zone of heating (also or dispersant) may include one or more inorganic bonds.According to this reality
Refer to mineral materials with new term " inorganic bond ", it obtains especially machinable creme, the creme when being mixed with water
After-hardening or can harden.Preferably, inorganic bond is non-conductive in solid-state and/or the state of hardening.Hardening can be with hydraulic pressure
Mode (i.e. with water and under water；Example：Cement, magnesia), the mode (example of calcification：Lime), hydration mode (show
Example：Gypsum) or otherwise (for example, the mode of polymerization, example：Waterglass) or mixedly carry out.Inorganic bond shows
Example includes but is not limited to cement (such as Portland cement, alumina cement (calcium aluminate), Portland fast cement (calcium silicates, anhydrite
(CaSO4)), calcium sulphoaluminate cement (calcium sulphoaluminate, belite, anhydrite), sulfuric acid slag cements (slag, anhydrite, silicon
Sour calcium)), lime (such as quick lime (CaO) or white lime (Ca (OH)2)), gypsum (such as anhydrous gypsum (CaSO4), semihydrate
(CaSO4·0.5H2) or hydrate (CaSO O4·2H2O)), magnesia (magnesia, magnesium salts), waterglass (alkali silicate, spy
It is not sodium and/or Cali's silicate) and geopolymer (for example, alumino-silicate, such as clay).The preferred exemplary of inorganic bond is
Quick lime, white lime, waterglass, gypsum, clay and cement.The share of inorganic bond can be by weight in zone of heating
10-95% (such as 20-85%, 30-80% or 40-75%).Similarly, at least one electric conductivity addition based on carbon is being included
Agent and available for produce comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon zone of heating dispersant in, inorganic bond
Share can be 10-90% (such as 20-80%, 30-75% or 40-60%) by weight.
Isolation/reflecting element
It is isolation/reflecting element included in another component in heating system of the present utility model.For this in principle
The heat bridge that can disconnect wall portion can be used and reflect the construction of IR rays.Such as isolation/reflecting element may include it is at least one
Separation layer and at least one reflecting layer, wherein, separation layer is equipped to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion, and reflecting layer is equipped to reflection IR and penetrated
Line, especially IR rays are reflexed in the space limited by the wall portion.
Preferably, separation layer be configured to multiple field and can have at least one air barrier (such as at least two, extremely
Few 3, such as 1,2 or 3 air barrier).
Separation layer can be diffusion layer, such as it is equipped to prevent material, especially water from passing through.In an alternative embodiment party
In formula, separation layer is permeable, i.e. it is equipped to allow material, especially water to pass through.Preferably, permeable separation layer is matched somebody with somebody
It is standby only to allow material, especially water to pass through in one direction into it.It is preferably in this embodiment, separation layer is so equipped with simultaneously
And can be mounted or mounted in wall portion, thus, it is possible to cause or cause material, especially water towards the direction in room by that (that is, can prevent
Only or prevent material, especially direction of the water from room towards wall portion from passing through).Preferably, separation layer, which fully covers, can install or pacify
Equipped with the wall portion according to heating system of the present utility model.The example of separation layer includes plastic sheeting, is especially by preferred thickness
0.05-0.5mm (such as 0.06-0.4mm, 0.07-0.3mm, 0.08-0.2mm, 0.09-0.15mm or 0.1-0.12mm) poly- second
The plastic sheeting that alkene is formed；Aluminium foil, aluminium air bubble film and aluminium laminated film.Separation layer preferably has at least 40000 (as at least
50000th, at least 60000, at least 70000, at least 80000, at least 90000 or water vapor diffusion resistance system at least 100000)
Number (μ).
The random layer for being adapted to reflection IR rays can be used as reflecting layer.The example in reflecting layer includes (particularly pure by aluminium
Aluminium) form film, aluminium laminated film, aluminium air bubble film or the building panel with aluminized coating.Particularly preferred example is that aluminium film is (special
It is not made up of fine aluminium).
In one embodiment, isolation/reflecting element is equipped to absorb at least in part and/or reflecting electromagnetic radiation.
There can be EMV layers to this isolation/reflecting element, it is equipped to absorb at least in part and/or reflecting electromagnetic radiation.Such as EMV
Layer is comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and can be grounded or be grounded, and thus can realize or realize at least in part
Absorption of electromagnetic radiation.Alternatively or additionally, the reflecting layer of isolation/reflecting element can be equipped to absorb at least in part and/
Or reflecting electromagnetic radiation；Such as thus it can be shielded so that can reflect or reflex on the reflecting layer of isolation/reflecting element
At least part of electromagnetic radiation, and/or if the reflecting layer of isolation/reflecting element has the device for being grounded, then isolation/
The reflecting layer of reflecting element is absorbable or absorbs at least one of electromagnetic radiation.
In one embodiment, isolation/reflecting element is impermeable, i.e. the isolation/reflecting element is equipped to prevent
Only material, especially water pass through.In an alternative embodiment, isolation/reflecting element is permeable, i.e. isolation/anti-
Element is penetrated to be equipped to allow material, especially water to pass through.Preferably, permeable isolation/reflecting element is equipped to so that and isolation/
Reflecting element only allows material, especially water to pass through in one direction.It is preferably in this embodiment, isolation/reflecting element
So it is equipped with and can be mounted or mounted in wall portion, enables to or so that the direction in material, especially water towards room passes through
(that is, can prevent or prevent material, especially direction of the water from room towards wall portion from passing through).Preferably, isolation/reflecting element is fully
The wall portion according to heating system of the present utility model can be installed or be provided with to covering.Isolated according to workable for the utility model/
The example of reflecting element especially includes any combination in above-mentioned isolation/reflecting layer.Special example is aluminium laminated film, such as uses aluminium
The laminated film of duplex coating, it can for example be obtained from company Alufox, Isofolie or Brangs+Heinrich.
Isolation/reflecting element can be installed in wall portion by known methods.Such as isolation/reflecting element can be by bonding
Band is fixed in wall portion.Therefore isolation/reflecting element can have tack coat in one embodiment, its be equipped to make isolation/
Reflecting element can be mounted or mounted in wall portion.
Spacer element
It is spacer element included in another component in heating system of the present utility model.It can arrange or be arranged in
Isolation/between reflecting element and heating element heater, and be configured to so that heating element heater is spaced apart with isolation/reflecting element.Principle
On any materials (such as timber, plastics (especially heat-resisting plastics) or metal) and arbitrary structure (such as configuration can be used for this
For 20x50mm lath) or metal frame configuration as U or C configuration embodiments.Preferably, spacer element is by timber system
Into lath (such as roof trusses, especially through scraping and/or be made up of dragon spruce) or heat-resisting plastics or real as U or C configurations
Apply the metal frame configuration of mode.Spacer element is particularly for providing another air cushion for isolating and/or providing for connection part
With the space of laying cable.
Spacer element can install (such as by screw, nail etc.) using any known device, wherein, preferable device
Part be equipped to be used for prevent heat bridge (such as comprising these preferable devices, plastic expansion plug (D ü bel) and by fiber strengthen
Screw made of plastics (to replace metallic screw)).
Control element and other optional components
Being included in the control element in heating system of the present utility model if necessary includes power supply (for providing voltage
And/or electric current) and for controlling the control device of heating system.According to other optional structures of heating system of the present utility model
Part is the electric lead for connecting control system and contact element.The laying of electric lead has to comply with as well known to those skilled in the art
Code and standard.Preferably, electric lead can be covered up, i.e. be laid in by isolation/reflecting element and heating element heater it
Between the gap that struts of spacer element in.Electric lead connects each other by one or more collector terminals in one embodiment
Connect.
According to the utility model, term " voltage " should include the electric energy for being adapted to provide for voltage and/or electric current.In a reality
Apply in mode, power supply is power elements, i.e. to be connectable on house power network (usual 230V AC ± 10%, 50/60Hz)
One equipment or a component and the equipment or component of the voltage different from the offer of house power network and/or electric current is needed to energize.
Power elements can be Switching Power Supply part or transformer frequency response part.In one embodiment, power source supplies AC is (especially in safety
In low voltage range) or configure and be designed to provide alternating current (especially in safety low-voltage scope).It is alternative at one
In embodiment, power source supplies DC (especially in safety low-voltage scope) or configure and be designed to provide direct current (outstanding
It is in safety low-voltage scope).
In one embodiment, Power Management Design and be configured to, can simultaneously for it is more than one (for example, at least 2, at least
3, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, for example until 40, it is straight
To 30, until 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to 25,5 to 20
It is individual, 6 to 15 or 2 to 10) electrical heating elements service voltage (and/or electric current).
Control device preferred disposition and be designed to, for controlling according to heating system of the present utility model, i.e. control to
Zone of heating applies great voltage and/or great electric current, to reach desired temperature.
To this desirably, in one embodiment, control element has thermostat, the thermostat especially configure and
It is designed to, can measures and monitor the temperature in the room according to residing for heating system of the present utility model if necessary.Suitably,
It is so configured and design thermostat, i.e. can be communicated with control device.Advantageously, thermostat is arranged on according to this practicality
In room residing for new heating system, it is preferred that do not installed close to according to heating system of the present utility model, and
Be mounted in the wall portion for being fitted without heating system (such as thermostat can be located at according to heating system of the present utility model
Room the relative wall portion of the wall portion with being provided with heating system on).In one embodiment, thermostat is configured and set
Count into, desired room temperature (theoretical temperatures) can be set on the thermostat.
In an embodiment according to heating system of the present utility model, control device operationally constantly measures
The electric current of zone of heating (or multiple zones of heating) is flowed through, and by the electric current compared with standard value/reference value.Thus can ensure that
The functional fault (such as the spark on zone of heating is formed) of zone of heating is being provided with the substrate of heating system or wall portion
Machinery change will not cause to make personnel and/or animal be in unsafe condition or threaten the safety of personnel and/or animal.
In an embodiment according to heating system of the present utility model, such as control element has power supply from dynamic circuit breaker
Opening mechanism.On the other hand, control element is configurable and is designed to, control element, which identifies, to be there is spark and is going out on zone of heating
Automatic release mechanism is activated during existing this kind of spark, i.e. deenergization.Alternatively or additionally, control element is configured and set
Count into so that control element monitors the great magnitude of current and flows through zone of heating, and is flowing through the electric current and standard value/ginseng of zone of heating
Automatic release mechanism is activated when examining value deviation at least 1% (such as at least 5% or at least 10%), i.e. deenergization.
In an embodiment according to heating system of the present utility model, control element have on zone of heating (or
In the one or more of zone of heating or on all zones of heating) temperature sensor.Temperature sensor is advantageously constructed and matched somebody with somebody
Be set to, directly on zone of heating or (if other layer is coated with zone of heating) zone of heating top measurement temperature and
Send measurement data to thermostat and/or control device.Thus can prevent it is dangerous caused by being overheated due to heating system (such as
Temperature on the surface of zone of heating is more than 40 DEG C or more than 50 DEG C (especially if electrical heating elements are accessibility installed in personnel
On the region of wall portion) or temperature on the surface of zone of heating more than 70 DEG C or more than 120 DEG C (especially if electrical heating elements are pacified
On the region of the not accessibility wall portion of personnel)).
Control element can be arranged in the room for including electrical heating elements.In an alternative embodiment, control
Element can in other positions (such as in next door room, in the central electric room being connected with room to be heated or safe
In or in basement).
It can be used for producing temperature generally in house (such as house) inside, such as according to heating system of the present utility model
Temperature in 15-30 DEG C of scope.On the other hand, especially it is arranged in electrical heating elements on the region of the accessibility wall portion of personnel
When (generally being less than with ground distance in 2.5m region in wall portion), the maximized surface temperature of zone of heating can be up to 40 DEG C.
Electrical heating elements are arranged on the region of the not accessibility wall portion of personnel (is generally at least 2.5m's in wall portion with ground distance
In region, for example on the top in room or on corresponding diagonal brace) when, the maximized surface temperature of zone of heating can be up to 120 DEG C
(such as up to 110 DEG C, up to 100 DEG C, up to 90 DEG C, up to 80 DEG C or up to 70 DEG C).Also provide in one embodiment, root
Be used to reach the temperature higher than usual room temperature according to heating system of the present utility model, for example, in sauna house temperature (such as
80 DEG C to 120 DEG C, such as 85 DEG C to 110 DEG C).
Heating room is especially suitable for according to heating system of the present utility model, wherein, this how to be constructed with room or room
Between positioned at where it is unrelated.For example, the room can be a part for house or building (that is, fixed)；But term " room "
Also movable modification (such as container) is included.Include all borders in room according to the utility model term " wall portion ", wherein not
Containing window.Except vertical wall portion (can carrying or can not carry), term " wall portion " especially also includes that may be present point
At the top of next door, diagonal brace that may be present and room (including furred ceiling).
Advantages below is had according to heating system of the present utility model, the heating system can be used for heating room, in the room
Between middle room air should move as few as possible in (such as the ward of hospital or operating room, room etc. of autopath).It is another excellent
Point be, according to heating system of the present utility model realize heat it is decoupled, which improve the isolation of wall portion (that is, almost without heat
It can enter in wall portion).Another advantage is, compared to traditional heating system, wall portion less absorbs the water of house interior, preferably
Do not absorb water.
392W/m is had under 23 DEG C of temperature conditionss according to the heating element heater of heating system of the present utility model2Radiation
Power.By the reflection by isolation/reflecting element (such as aluminium foil as glossiness aluminium foil), make outside radiation work(
Rate is reduced to 17W/m2, this is only the 4% of power output.Therefore can by the isolation according to heating system of the present utility model/
Reflecting element reflection it is most of (preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 91%, more preferably at least 92%,
More preferably at least 93%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 95%, the IR of sensing wall portion more preferably at least 96%) penetrates
Line, thus, the energy warms room less than traditional heating system can be used by according to heating system of the present utility model.This
Advantages below is provided, the major part of the energy in feedthrough system (preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least
91%th, more preferably at least 92%, more preferably at least 93%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least
96%) it can only convey or only be conveyed to the room of heating.
First measurement experiment, will every living space it has been shown that when use is according to heating system of the present utility model
Heat supply energy consumption be set in substantially 15-20kWh/m2a.Now it is less than 100kWh/m2What a value had just been regarded as.KfW-70-room
Regulation maximum power consumption in room is 45kWh/m2a。
According in heating system of the present utility model it is very advantageous that can also be used by oneself power supply, for example pass through
Photovoltaic and/or block power firing equipment (Blockkraftheizanlagen) can run heating system without any problems.
There is no maintenance cost according in heating system of the present utility model, because whole system is absolutely not worn.
For manufacturing the external member of heating system
Design (more particularly to heating element heater, isolation/reflector on the component according to external member of the present utility model
Part and spacer element) referring in the whole on the above-mentioned embodiment according to first scheme of the present utility model (heating system)
Hold.
In particular it is preferred that it is equipped to send out towards each direction included in the heating element heater in external member of the present utility model
Going out IR rays, (that is, heating element heater does not have aluminium foil, typically without can reflect or reflect the reflecting layer of IR rays, anti-typically without IR
Penetrate layer).
Using and method
Advantages below is also provided in addition to it is used to heating the application in room according to electric heating system of the present utility model,
The electric heating system can be used at least partly room shielding electromagnetic radiation.This is realized in many ways：(i) zone of heating is not given
Apply curtage, but be grounded；(ii) heating element heater has EMV layers in its second side；And/or (iii) isolation/anti-
Penetrating element has EMV layers ((i) and (ii), (i) and (iii), (ii) and (iii) or (i) to (iii) combination are also can be with
).
In addition, can be used for manufacturing heating system in wall portion according to external member of the present utility model, it is new in particular according to this practicality
The heating system of type.
On for heat the embodiment in room referring on according to other schemes of the present utility model, in particular according to this
The full content of the above-mentioned embodiment of the first scheme (heating system) of utility model.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of the part according to heating system of the present utility model, only shows isolation/anti-wherein
Penetrate element and spacer element；
Fig. 2 shows the top view of the heating element heater according to heating system of the present utility model；
Fig. 3 shows the schematic cross sectional views of the Electricity Federation socket part between contact element and electric lead；
Fig. 4 shows the sectional view according to heating system of the present utility model；
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram according to the heating system with 10 heating element heaters of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings several preferred embodiments are described, but these embodiments are not to limit of the present utility model
Make and should only be interpreted as exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.Element in figure is not required to press correct proportions each other
Show.As long as no other explanation, in the accompanying drawings identical, function phase with and to act on identical element always attached with identical
Icon note represents.
Figure 1 illustrates the sectional view of the part according to heating system 18 of the present utility model, only show wherein
Isolation/reflecting element 2 and spacer element 3.Isolation/reflecting element 2 is herein by air barrier and in aluminium film form
Reflecting layer is formed, and air barrier is bonded in wall portion 1 so as to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion by entire surfaceBetween
It is in plank strips every element 3, it is arranged on isolation/reflecting element 2.
Fig. 2 shows the top view of the electrical heating elements 4 according to heating system 18 of the present utility model.Substrate 5 can be stone
Cream fiberboard (such as plate that the size of Fermacell companies is 120cm x 60cm x 1.5cm) can be fire-retardant and be applicable
In other plates of building field.The substrate 5 is provided with contact element 6 (preferably copper electrode, self-adhering type such as the thermal jet for passing through copper
Apply and produce) and coating is carried out with the dispersant comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon, to produce on substrate 5
Raw zone of heating 7, wherein, circular fringe region 9 on substrate 5 is exposed, so as between heating element heater 4 is arranged on
Every (such as being tightened by screw thread) on element 3.Contact element 6 now sets Electricity Federation socket part 10.Then also coatable protective layer 8 with
For protecting zone of heating 7 from mechanical damage.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic cross sectional views of the Electricity Federation socket part 10 between contact element 6 and electric lead 11.Such as in base
Drilled out in bottom 5 and sink to portalling.Contact element 6 is cut and is bonded in hole.Being then pressed into rivet 15 (can also carry spiral shell
Line), mounting screw 17, pad 16 for reliably electrically connecting is installed, and cable connector sleeve pipe 12 is placed, so as to being drawn
The electric lead 11 for leading power supply (not shown) establishes electrical connection.Locking nut 14 compresses the structure and stop washer 13.Then
The structure can be filled and led up, papered and/or smeared in screw rostral.
Fig. 4 shows the sectional view according to heating system 18 of the present utility model.Electrical heating elements 4 are as shown in Figure 2 to add
Thermosphere towards wall portion is screwed onto on spacer element 3 (such as wood lath).Therefore, from the IR rays that heating element heater 4 is sent every
Reflected and injected in room from/reflecting element 2.Which substantially increases the effect according to heating system of the present utility model
Rate.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram according to the heating system 18 with 10 electrical heating elements 4 of the present utility model.Heating
Element 4 (approximation) is arranged in wall portion 1 by entire surface.Region that is unsuitable or being not intended to heating, which can simply be spread, to be added
The common substrate 5 ' of thermosphere.It is (preferably concealed, such as in wall portion 1 to be that heating element heater 4 lays cable by suitable wire 11
Between heating element heater 4), being connected to each other as necessary by collector terminal (Sammelklemmen) 19, (power of power supply must be with
This matches) and pass through the supply security low-voltage of control element 22.Control element 22 can be arranged on and heating as shown in FIG. 5
In the identical room of element 4.In alternative (unshowned) embodiment control element 22 be in other places (such as
In next room, in the central electric room being connected with room to be heated or safe or in basement).In addition,
Embodiment shown in Fig. 5 has thermostat 20 and temperature sensor 21, and thermostat and temperature sensor are used to improve basis
The operability and security of heating system of the present utility model are (on the one hand, because can be realized by thermostat 20 to it is expected room
The simple setting of temperature, and on the other hand, because the heating system that can identify overheat in time by temperature sensor 21 (such as has
Have the temperature more than 50 DEG C on the surface of zone of heating) and it can be excluded (such as be by activating automatic close
System)).
Reference numerals list
1 wall portion
2 isolation/reflecting element
3 spacer elements
4 electrical heating elements
5 substrates
6 contact elements
7 zones of heating
8 protective layers
The 9 circular fringe regions for being used to install
10 Electricity Federation socket parts
11 electric leads
12 cable connector sleeve pipes
13 stop washers
14 locking nuts
15 rivets
16 pads
17 screws
18 heating systems
19 collector terminals
20 thermostats
21 temperature sensors
22 control elements.
Claims (15)
1. the heating system for heating room, including：
(i) isolation/reflecting element, it can be arranged in the wall portion in room and be equipped to the heat bridge for disconnecting wall portion and reflection
IR rays,
(ii) electrical heating elements, it is equipped to be used to produce IR rays, and the electrical heating elements can be run simultaneously with safety low-voltage
And including substrate, wherein, the substrate has the first side for scribbling zone of heating, wherein, the zone of heating includes at least one
Conductivity additive based on carbon, and
(iii) spacer element, it can be arranged between the isolation/reflecting element and the electrical heating elements and be configured to make
The heating element heater is obtained to be spaced apart with the isolation/reflecting element,
Wherein, the electrical heating elements can be arranged in the wall portion via spacer element so that the zone of heating is in face of described
Isolation/reflecting element.
2. heating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the substrate is equipped to fire-retardant.
3. heating system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the electrical heating elements are equipped at least partly
Ground absorption of electromagnetic radiation.
4. heating system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the substrate has relative with first side and put
Second side, wherein, the second side scribbles EMV layers, and it is equipped to absorption of electromagnetic radiation at least in part.
5. heating system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the electrical heating elements have the device for being grounded
Part, it, which is equipped to the zone of heating when not applying voltage and/or electric current to zone of heating, to be grounded.
6. heating system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the heating element heater includes two and conductive connect
Element is touched, it can be arranged on the electrical heating elements, enabling apply voltage and/or electric current to the electrical heating elements.
7. heating system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described two conductive contact elements include conductive
Bonding jumper, the bonding jumper are made up of copper.
8. heating system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that each in described two conductive contact elements
With tack coat.
9. heating system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the electrical heating elements have protective layer.
10. heating system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the isolation/reflecting element includes separation layer
And reflecting layer, wherein, the separation layer is equipped to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion, and the reflecting layer is equipped to reflect IR rays.
11. heating system according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the separation layer is configured to multilayer and have
At least one air barrier.
12. heating system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the isolation/reflecting element has EMV layers,
It is equipped to absorption of electromagnetic radiation at least in part.
13. heating system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that also with control element.
14. heating system according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the control element have automatic release mechanism,
Thermostat and/or temperature sensor.
15. the external member for heating system of the manufacture according to any one in claim 1 to 14 in wall portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016125742.7 | 2016-12-27 | ||
| DE102016125742.7A DE102016125742A1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Heating system, kit for manufacturing a heating system and method of using the same |
| DE202016107401.0 | 2016-12-27 | ||
| DE202016107401.0U DE202016107401U1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Heating system and kit for producing a heating system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN207122949U true CN207122949U (en) | 2018-03-20 |
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ID=61614311
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720206201.6U Active CN207122949U (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-03 | Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system |
| CN201710122815.0A Active CN108240676B (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-03 | Heating system, kit for manufacturing a heating system and method for applying the same |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710122815.0A Active CN108240676B (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-03 | Heating system, kit for manufacturing a heating system and method for applying the same |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108240676A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 未来碳有限责任公司 | Heating system, for manufacturing the external member of heating system and its application process |
| CN111586903A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-25 | 宁波石墨烯创新中心有限公司 | Graphene-containing conductive slurry for high-temperature heating film and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008105612A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Hyun-Min Kim | Prefabricated heating mat panel and assembly thereof |
| DE102007041767A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-04-16 | Schürmann, Heinrich | One-man plate for use with electrical resistance heating and rigid fiber-reinforced fiber board for air conditioning in apartment and building, has electrically conductive heating layer that is heated by current |
| US20110081135A1 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-07 | Tracy Felder | Far Infrared Panel for Humid and Dry Environments |
| CN104380839B (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社美铃工业 | Heater |
| CA2899422C (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2023-07-25 | Steven J. Benda | Printed shield with grounded matrix and pass through solder point systems and methods |
| CN205046874U (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-02-24 | 安徽乐金健康科技股份有限公司 | Physiotherapy room of infrared heating structure and applied this structure |
| CN207122949U (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-03-20 | 未来碳有限责任公司 | Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system |
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2017
- 2017-03-03 CN CN201720206201.6U patent/CN207122949U/en active Active
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108240676A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 未来碳有限责任公司 | Heating system, for manufacturing the external member of heating system and its application process |
| CN108240676B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2021-10-26 | 未来碳有限责任公司 | Heating system, kit for manufacturing a heating system and method for applying the same |
| CN111586903A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-25 | 宁波石墨烯创新中心有限公司 | Graphene-containing conductive slurry for high-temperature heating film and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108240676B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
| CN108240676A (en) | 2018-07-03 |
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