CN108240676A - Heating system, for manufacturing the external member of heating system and its application process - Google Patents
Heating system, for manufacturing the external member of heating system and its application process Download PDFInfo
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- CN108240676A CN108240676A CN201710122815.0A CN201710122815A CN108240676A CN 108240676 A CN108240676 A CN 108240676A CN 201710122815 A CN201710122815 A CN 201710122815A CN 108240676 A CN108240676 A CN 108240676A
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- heating
- isolation
- heating system
- layer
- external member
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- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/08—Electric heater
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of heating system, be especially suitable for heating room, such as house room and be related to a kind of for manufacturing the external member of heating system in wall portion.In addition, application the present invention relates to object according to the present invention, particularly for heating room or for manufacturing the application of heating system and corresponding method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heating systems, are especially suitable for heating room as house room and are related to using
In the external member that heating system is manufactured in wall portion.The invention further relates to the application of object according to the present invention, in particular for adding
Hot room or for manufacturing the application of heating system and corresponding method.
Background technology
It needs to heat the surface of object or main body at many aspects of life, wherein, it can be when heating room
The wall portion heating unit of the electricity of many places installation such as heater strip with indentation or the wall portion heating unit of water auxiliary, it is auxiliary in water
The water circulation heated in the wall portion heating unit helped.These heating units have in common that, heating unit is by wall portion
Surface is heated to desired temperature, wherein, because remaining of heated wall portion and room it is movable and it is not movable
Object (such as furniture, air, ceiling, floor and the wall portion for being not fixed to wall portion heating unit) is in temperature exchange, room
Remaining movable and not movable object finally have the temperature identical with heated wall portion.
The shortcomings that this mode of heating is, it is necessary to relatively great amount of energy, first heated wall portion is used, in spite of thermal insulation
Part still has relatively great amount of heat to be transferred in wall portion, because insulation is reached relatively quickly the temperature in heated wall portion face
It is horizontal.
It it is known that such wall portion heating unit in order to solve this problem, with plate, face formula on the plate be installed and is added
Pipe line and the aluminium film that high gloss is bonded on rear side of plate, wherein, plate is pacified by the foundation structure being made of wood lath
In wall portion so that the rear side of plate is directed toward wall portion and the air gap with wood lath thickness is formed between plate and wall portion；Ginseng
See 20 2,016 001 732 U1 of DE.It is described in 20 2,016 001 732 U1 of DE and is configured to extremely have by this
Effect ground reduces outside heat radiation.But in order to actually very effectively reduce the heat occurred by wall portion in this configuration
Loss, it is necessary to separate the rest part of air gap and room to be heated so that in air gap between such as remaining room air
Heat exchange will not occur.But such closed sealing of this air gap actually can hardly be realized.
Invention content
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a kind of heating system, can be simply mounted in the wall portion in room simultaneously
And than wall portion heating unit so far more effectively using for heating the energy in room.
According to the present invention, which passes through the object implementatio8 described in Patent right requirement.Especially invention of the invention
People makes wall portion adiabatic it has been surprisingly seen that by the multiple measures of combination by separation layer, while heat separation layer and incite somebody to action
Reflecting layer, which is applied in wall portion, can not only realize that heat is decoupled and therefore be obviously improved wall portion thermal insulation, and can realize adding for raising
The thermal efficiency.
Especially the present invention includes in the heating system for being used to heat room a kind of involved in first scheme, the heating system：
(i) isolation/reflecting element, can be installed or installed in the wall portion in room and be equipped to disconnect especially the heat bridge of wall portion and
Reflect IR rays；(ii) heating element is equipped to generate IR rays；And (iii) spacer element, it can arrange or cloth
It puts in isolation/between reflecting element and heating element and is arranged so that heating element is spaced apart with isolation/reflecting element.
It is provided in alternative plan for the external member of the manufacture heating system in wall portion according to the present invention, wherein, external member packet
It includes：(1) isolation/reflecting element can be mounted in the wall portion in room and be equipped to disconnect the especially heat bridge of wall portion and anti-
Penetrate IR rays；(2) heating element is equipped to generate IR rays；And (3) spacer element, it may be arranged at isolation/anti-
It penetrates between element and heating element and is arranged so that heating element is spaced apart with isolation/reflecting element.
There is provided in third program according to the present invention heating system according to the present invention for heating room or for hiding
Protect application of the room from electromagnetic radiation.
External member according to the present invention for the manufacture heating system in wall portion is provided according to the present invention in fourth program
Application.
It is provided in the 5th scheme for the method for the manufacture heating system in wall portion according to the present invention, wherein, this method
Include the following steps：(a) isolation/reflecting element is mounted in the wall portion in room, wherein, which is equipped to
It disconnects the especially heat bridge of wall portion and reflects IR rays；(b) spacer element is mounted on isolation/reflecting element；And (c) will
For generating the heating element of IR rays mounted on spacer element, so as to the IR ray surfaces that are generated by heating element to every
From/can generate or generate to reflecting element.
Method for heating room is provided according to the present invention in the 6th scheme, wherein, this method includes the following steps：
(a) isolation/reflecting element is mounted in the wall portion in room, wherein, which is equipped to disconnection especially wall portion
Heat bridge and reflect IR rays；(b) spacer element is mounted on isolation/reflecting element；(c) by for generate IR rays plus
Thermal element is mounted on spacer element, and the IR ray surfaces so as to be generated by heating element can to isolation/reflecting element generate
Or it generates；And (d) heating heating element.
Heating system
Heating element
The component included in heating system according to the present invention is heating element.In principle to heat supply according to the present invention
Arbitrary heating element can be used in system, as long as it can generate the IR rays that can heat room.Illustrative heating element includes
The element (heated water or oil stream cross the pipeline within heating element wherein) and electricity of water auxiliary or oil auxiliary add
Thermal element, such as the heater strip with one or more indentations or add with a kind of electric conductivity based on carbon is preferably comprised at least
Add this electrical heating elements of agent heating layer, it is particularly possible to the electrical heating elements of safety low-voltage operation.Advantageously, according to this hair
The heating element of bright heating system is electrical heating elements, it is particularly possible to the electrical heating elements of safety low-voltage operation.
In one preferred embodiment, heating element includes heating layer and substrate, and heating layer is equipped to generation IR and penetrates
Line, heating layer are mounted in substrate.Therefore, heating layer may include corresponding pipeline in the heating element of water auxiliary or oil auxiliary
(especially pipeline), heated water or oil flowed in pipeline, and electricity heating element in heating layer may include heater strip or
At least one conductivity additive based on carbon.In one preferred embodiment, heating layer is applied only to two of substrate
(main side herein is to strut two sides of largest face (that is, length and width by substrate in one of them in main side
Spend the side limited)).In this embodiment, the main side for being equipped with heating layer of substrate is known as substrate or heating element
First side.The side opposite with the first side of substrate (or heating element) and putting of substrate (or heating element) is known as second
Side.Apply heating layer in each in two main sides of substrate in an alternative embodiment, the heating
Layer is equipped to generate IR rays.
Preferably, heating element is equipped to send out IR rays (that is, heating element does not have aluminium film, do not have especially towards each direction
The reflecting layer of IR rays can be reflected or reflect by having, typically without IR reflecting layer).
In the heating layer of electrical heating elements heat can be generated by applying electric current.One or more conductions are included in heating layer
In the preferred embodiment of property additive, heating layer due to the presence of one or more conductivity additives but it is low ohm
, this causes good electric conductivity, because of the resistance there is only very little.Thus uniform heating properties can be realized.In addition, pass through
Low resistive ensures the electric current by the voltage of very little and/or very little is only needed to be applied on heating layer, it will be able to realize good add
Heat.
In order to adding in the heating layer of electrical heating elements, especially comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Apply voltage and/or electric current on thermosphere, there are two conductive contact elements for the preferred tool of heating element.According to those skilled in the art
Known applied code and regulation, contact element is connected on power supply.
Heating layer is applied in substrate in known manner, such as in water auxiliary or the situation of the heating element of oil auxiliary
Under by corresponding conductor grip or in the case of the heating layer including at least one conductivity additive based on carbon especially
It is carried out as the coating of film-form.
Include the heating containing at least one conductivity additive based on carbon in electrical heating elements, especially preferred
In the electrical heating elements of layer, heating layer be preferably only applied in one of them in two main sides of substrate as coating (
Main side herein is two sides (that is, the side limited by the length and width of substrate) for strutting largest face).Heating layer can
It is applied in substrate in a known way.Such as can by rolling, spraying, smearing, brushing, scraping, spatula or compacting will contain extremely
A kind of few dispersant of the conductivity additive based on carbon is applied in substrate, wherein, it is preferred to spray, roll, scrape or suppress
's.The coating of dispersant can in one step (that is, only in primary coating) or in two or more steps (that is, 2
In secondary or multiple coating) it carries out, wherein, there should be drying steps respectively between each coating in the latter case.Preferably,
By being rolled (in-between with drying steps) in two secondary coatings or can be produced by carrying out spraying in primary coating
Raw heating layer.Bottom can be generated in substrate before heating layer is applied when necessary.This is especially advantageous, so as to reduce substrate
Absorbability and/or ensure that the surface quality of substrate remains unchanged.Therefore heating element, especially electricity add in one embodiment
Thermal element, such as heating element with the heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon are in heating layer and substrate
Between can have bottom.
One or more other layers can be applied on heating layer (such as the equalizing layer for balanced irregularities and/or guarantor
Sheath (such as protective paint) and/or coloured coating).In one embodiment, protective layer or equalizing layer can be with heating layer electricity absolutely
Edge.Protective layer or equalizing layer can generate in known manner.The example of this protective layer or equalizing layer is by filler or mortar structure
Into layer, the layer, nonwoven fabric belts (nonwoven fabric belts can be bonded in one embodiment) or the above-mentioned conjugate that are made of sealant.
Advantageously, protective layer or equalizing layer can heat conduction, be also what can be electrically insulated when necessary.It in addition, can be using coloured coating as most
Upper strata applies, advantageously heat conduction.
The heating layer of heating layer, especially electrical heating elements, such as adding comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Thermosphere can be applied in the whole face of the side of substrate.But advantageously, heating layer is not the whole face for the side for covering substrate, but
Be applied only to substrate part surface (such as until 95%, until 90%, until 85%, until 80%, until 75% or until
70%) on, wherein, part surface is preferably arranged for, and the circular edge of substrate keeps no heating layer (typically without heating layer
And contact element).This is favourable, because the edge can be used for heating element being installed on spacer element.For example, edge can
Width with 1-20cm (such as 2-15cm, 3-12cm, 4-10cm or 5-8cm).
The face that heating layer covers in substrate is not limited other than being limited by the size of respective substrates by other.Heating layer
Area for example can be up to 100m2, preferably of up to 20m2, more preferably up to 10m2, such as 1dm2To 50m2、0.1m2To 10m2、0.2m2
To 8m2、0.3m2To 6m2、0.4m2To 4m2、0.5m2To 2m2Or 0.6m2To 1.10m2As long as substrate has corresponding size.
In vertical view (that is, direction of observation towards the vertical line in the distracted face of length and width by heating layer), heating
Layer can have any arbitrary two-dimensional shapes, such as form of rectangle, square, circle, ellipse, parallelogram etc..
According to a preferred embodiment, the heating layer of heating layer, especially electrical heating elements such as includes at least one leading based on carbon
The heating layer of electrical additive has the shape of quadrangle form, especially rectangle or parallelogram in a top view.Preferably,
The width of the heating layer of heating layer, especially electrical heating elements, such as heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Degree and the ratio of length are less than or equal to 1.Therefore heating layer has band-like or strip in this embodiment.
In order to which electrical heating elements, especially heating layer is given to apply voltage and/or electric current, heating element has preferably two conductions
Contact element (each electrical heating elements for especially being included in heating system according to the present invention or in confession according to the present invention
The each heating layer included in hot systems) there are preferably two conductive contact elements.Contact element especially can be bow strip or
Contact band.
In one embodiment, two conductive contact elements include conductive metal strip, especially conductive copper bar.Have
Sharp ground, each contact element have adhesive layer.Each the overall thickness (if it does, including adhesive layer) of contact element is preferably
It is 100 μm, more preferably up to 90 μm, more preferably up to 80 μm, more preferably up to 75 μm maximum.
In one embodiment, contact element may be configured to straight item.But for other embodiment contact element
The shape of part is also not necessarily limited to this straight set-up mode.Contact element for example can be by the direction upper curve that stretches on the surface layer of heating layer
The item to stretch is formed.
In one embodiment, the side that two conductive contact elements can arrange or be arranged in the opposite of heating layer and put
On edge region (such as upper edge region and lower edge margin or left hand edge region and right hand edge region).In an embodiment
In, two conductive contact elements are arranged to or may be disposed to parallel to each other.
The embodiment of at least one conductivity additive based on carbon is included for the preferred heating layer, to this contact
Element is located on the lateral edge region of heating layer, that is, contact element extends on the longitudinal direction of band-like heating layer.The reality
The advantages of applying mode is that on the one hand the distance between contact element is relatively small and and then can ensure that reliably over the entire width
Heat heating layer.The heating layer of heating layer, especially electrical heating elements, as comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
The fringe region of heating layer is preferably the lateral edge region of the width of heating layer.Width herein is preferred to be represented transverse to adding
The master of thermosphere stretch direction, especially length scale.Fringe region respectively from the lateral edge of heating layer extend and with heating
Layer terminates with being located at the main centerline to stretch on direction.Here, the main direction that stretches can be straight line or curve.Therefore, it connects
Element is touched without extending on centerline and preferably with centerline terminating, wherein, which advantageously at least connects
Touch 4 times (such as at least 5 times, at least 6 times, at least 7 times or at least 8 times) of the width of element.Advantageously, in the interior rib of contact element
Spacing between side can up to 2m, preferably of up to 1m, such as 30-80cm, 35-70cm or 40-60cm, as long as substrate have it is corresponding
Size.
The width of contact element is inessential.But the size of contact element should be determined to be, and allow to apply to heating element
Making alive and/or electric current preferably apply in the whole length of heating layer and/or width.For example, the width of contact element can join
The width of heating layer is examined to select.The suitable width of contact element can be the 1/10 to 1/40 (preferably 1/ of the width of heating layer
12 to 1/32, such as 1/16 to 1/24, in range such as 1/20).The absolute width of contact element can be in 2-8cm (preferably 2.5-
6.5cm, such as 3.5-5cm or 4cm) range in, wherein, the width summation maximum of the contact element of heating layer should be heating layer
The half of width.
Conductive contact element preferably extends in the whole length of heating layer.This has the following advantages that, that is, heating layer exists
Its width can be flowed through in its whole length by electric current and so that area to be heated is maximum.Advantageously, contact element extends
More than the longitudinal end of heating layer, that is, extend over longitudinal end.This similarly helps to maximize area to be heated, because
Not to be the section being in direct contact with heating layer of contact element, but only contact element be not in direct contact with heating layer stretch
The rest part gone out can be used for ensuring to be conductively connected (by Electricity Federation socket part and electric lead) with power supply.Here, Electricity Federation socket part can
To be any connection part, it is suitble to make contact element conductively connected with electric lead.This Electricity Federation socket part is to art technology
It is known for personnel and for example including plug connection or soldering connection, wherein, soldering connection can additionally have when necessary
Have and bond (such as by resinoid bond etc.).Preferably, Electricity Federation socket part may include locking nut (such as rotary nut), corresponding
Screw and cable connector casing.Locking nut is preferably equipped with into, its by screw substrate the contact element of being equipped with
The cable being extruded on side and in the region for being equipped with contact element between locking nut and contact element
When on swagelok, being conductively connected between contact element and cable connector casing can be generated or generated.It then can tradition
Mode couple electric lead on cable connector casing, can generate or generate being conductively connected for power supply by electric lead.It is connecing
In an alternative embodiment for touching the Electricity Federation socket part between element and the electric lead being conductively connected with power supply, substrate has
Hole, contact element can be bonded or be bonded in hole.It is then pressed into rivet (can also have screw thread), mounting screw (is installed when necessary
For the gasket reliably electrically connected) and place cable connector casing, so as to generate with and the electric lead that is conductively connected of power supply
Electrical connection.Locking nut squeezes the construction (when necessary including stop washer).Then, which can be equipped in screw rostral
One or more other layers (such as filler, mortar and/or coloured coating).
Contact element can be mounted in substrate in any known fashion, for example, by bonding (such as by adhesive layer or
Bonding strip), thermal spraying (such as electric arc spraying) or plasma spraying.The application of contact element, especially conductive metal strip, such as copper bar
It is known for a person skilled in the art, for example, see WO 2013/156162.In order to simply operate and manufacture heating
Element, it can be preferred that contact element, which is bonded in substrate,.Preferably there is adhesive layer for the embodiment contact element.
Heating layer (wherein, previously having generated bottom in substrate when necessary) is generated in substrate later can be by contact element
Part is applied on heating layer.In this case preferred that applying contact element in the case where using suitable device, close
Suitable device allows the especially uncrossed electric current between contact element and heating layer to pass through.This for example can be by with lower section
Formula is realized, that is, adhesive layer is conductive in the embodiment for including adhesive layer in contact element.
Alternatively, apply contact element before generating heating layer in substrate (can previously generate in substrate when necessary
Bottom).In this case preferred that include the dispersant of at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
(Dispersion) (may first only) be applied on contact element, such as so that other dispersant layer to contact element
Coating (for generating heating layer) on part and in substrate and/or the electric current between contact element and heating layer are by being able to
Improve.Preferably, dispersant is not only applied between contact element and (contact element as previously described can be advance with dispersant thereon
Smear), and also above contact element another longitudinal direction side (that is, more than between not the limiting between contact element of contact element
The longitudinal direction side of gap) and/or more than contact element wide side coated in the substrate substrate of priming operation (or previously).This to connect
Element is touched fully to be surrounded by heating layer in longitudinal direction side and/or in the wide side of contact element.It is connect dispersant is coated to for the first time
Can be advantageously contact element degreasing, to improve the adherency of heating layer on the contact members before touching on element.
The thickness of heating layer, especially electric heating layer, such as heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
It preferably selects to obtain very little, and μ m for example is in (such as in 40-200 μm, preferably 50-100 μm of model for electric heating layer
In enclosing).Such as electric heating layer, the thickness of the especially heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon can be made small
It is just enough in 100 μm, so as to obtain desired heating effect.
Substrate can be any suitable substrate to building field (such as plasterboard, especially plaster board), and substrate is excellent
Choosing is configured to fire-retardant.The size and shape of substrate and heating element can be conventionally constructed.In vertical view (that is, towards logical
Cross the direction of observation of the vertical line in the distracted face of length and width of substrate) in, substrate can have any arbitrary two-dimensional shapes, example
Such as form of rectangle, square, circle, ellipsoid, parallelogram.According to a preferred embodiment, substrate exists
There is the shape of quadrangle form, especially rectangle or parallelogram in vertical view.Preferably, the width of substrate and the ratio of length
Example is less than or equal to 1.Therefore substrate has band-like or strip in this embodiment.
Preferably, the length (L) of substrate/heating element, width (B) and thickness (D) are in following ranges：10-500cm
(such as 50-400cm, 80-300cm, 100-250cm or 120-200cm)；B：10-200cm (such as 20-150cm, 30-140cm, 40-
120cm, 50-100cm or 60-80cm)；D：5-40mm (such as 10-30mm or 15-25mm).It is the size of substrate/heating element, outstanding
Its thickness can also change according to the heating type used, wherein, it is led in the system of water auxiliary or oil auxiliary according to required
Line, the thickness (for example, at least 12mm) of bigger is preferred, and the heating system by electricity operation be can also be used smaller
Thickness.
Instead of substrate/heating element of unique large area (such as so that the wall portion for room is set uniquely by entire surface
Heating element), it is preferred that use multiple (such as at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least 7
A, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, for example until 40, until 30, until 25, until 20, until 15
Or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to 25,5 to 20,6 to 15 or 2 to 10) corresponding smaller substrate/
Heating element, totality can cover the whole face of wall portion.Therefore, heating system according to the present invention can have at least one, such as at least
2, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, for example until
40, until 30, until 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to 25,
5 to 20,6 to 15 or 2 to 10 heating elements, especially electrical heating elements such as have and include at least one leading based on carbon
The heating element of the heating layer of electrical additive, wherein it is preferred to which there are two conductive contact elements for each electrical heating elements tool.
The area of each heating layer may be the same or different, and can be respectively at range that front provides (such as 1dm2To 50m2、0.1m2
To 10m2、0.2m2To 8m2、0.3m2To 6m2、0.4m2To 4m2、0.5m2To 2m2Or 0.6m2To 1.10m2) in.
Alternatively, instead of unique heating layer, multiple (such as at least two, at least three, at least 4 can be applied in substrate
A, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, for example until 40, until 30, it is straight
To 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to 25,5 to 20,6 to 15
Or 2 to 10) corresponding smaller heating layer.Therefore, heating system according to the present invention can have at least one, such as in substrate
At least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, such as
Until 40, until 30, until 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to
25,5 to 20,6 to 15 or 2 to 10 heating layers especially include at least one conductivity additive based on carbon respectively
Heating layer, wherein it is preferred to which there are two conductive contact elements for each heating layer tool.The area of each heating layer can it is identical or
Difference, and range that front provides (such as 1dm can be respectively at2To 50m2、0.1m2To 10m2、0.2m2To 8m2、0.3m2Extremely
6m2、0.4m2To 4m2、0.5m2To 2m2Or 0.6m2To 1.10m2) in.
For example, the room wall portions of one or more heating elements should be equipped in high 300cm and long 500cm and by entire surface
On or unique heating element can be installed, which has corresponding size (that is, the width of such as 300cm
With the length of 500cm) and unique heating element or with unique heating layer (such as with 290cm width and
The rectangular shape of 490cm length) or with multiple heating layers (such as 10 heating layers, be respectively provided with rectangular shape and
The length of width and 145cm with 98cm)；Or can preferably install multiple heating elements (such as 5 heating elements, point
It Ju You not the length of 300cm and the width of 100cm；Or 10 heating elements, it is respectively provided with the length and 100cm of 150cm
Width).Herein can it is desirable that, wall portion is not to be covered by entire surface by heating element, but has the region (such as straight
To roof or up to ground maximum 10cm (such as 1-10cm, 2-8cm, 3-7cm, 4-6cm or 4-5cm), and/or up to adjacent
Wall portion maximum 20cm (such as 1-20cm, 2-18cm, 3-16cm, 4-12cm or 5-10cm)) exposure is kept, such as will pass through remaining
Space air improve in the cycle of the air for isolation/heated between reflecting element and heating element or exchange and/or carry
The accessibility of the connection part of high heating element.Alternatively, this " exposure " face can be (but necessary by no heating layer
When with the EMV layers described herein) substrate cover.
The heat sent out from heating layer is especially related to heating type and can be controlled in known manner.For example, from
The heat that electric heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon is sent out can be electrically connected particularly by with heating layer
Power supply (especially flow through the magnitude of current of heating layer or the voltage being applied on heating layer；The two can pass through corresponding control device
Controlled) power coefficient, the thickness by setting heating layer and/or the concentration by the conductivity additive in heating layer
To change.
Electrical heating elements, the electrical heating member for especially including the heating layer containing at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Part can be run by alternating voltage or DC voltage.It can be electrical heating elements, especially include containing at least one based on carbon
Therefore the electrical heating elements supply low-voltage of the heating layer of conductivity additive simultaneously realizes enough heating effects.Electrical heating member
Part, the electrical heating elements for especially including containing the heating layer of at least one conductivity additive based on carbon can be big from voltage value
In 0V, preferably with safety low-voltage (alternating voltage or DC voltage), especially in 5V to 48V ranges (such as in 18-25V
Range in, such as 22V) voltage value power supply when run.
Electrical heating elements are equipped to absorb at least partly and/or reflecting electromagnetic radiation in one embodiment.In this regard,
Substrate can have heating layer, especially add comprising at least one electric conductivity based on carbon on the first side in one embodiment
Add the heating layer of agent, and there are EMV layers on the second side, be equipped to absorb and/or reflect electromagnetism spoke at least partly
It penetrates.The embodiment has the following advantages that, that is, by electric heating layer generate electromagnetic radiation can be absorbed at least partly or
It is absorbed, and/or can be reflected or be reflected.Such as second side can have comprising at least one electric conductivity addition based on carbon
Agent and the coating that can be grounded or be grounded, thus can realize or realize absorption of electromagnetic radiation at least partly.Alternatively or volume
Other places can shield electromagnetic radiation in the following manner, that is, the heating layer of electrical heating elements is especially based on carbon comprising at least one
The heating layer of conductivity additive have for the device of ground connection, which is equipped to so that heating layer is at least partly
(that is, when heating element is not used in heating and is not therefore loaded voltage and/or electric current) can be grounded or be grounded.
In one preferred embodiment, heating element can be installed to via spacer element in wall portion so that can be by adding
Thermal element generate IR rays can be generated in face of isolation/reflecting element or generated in face of isolation/reflecting element (that is, plus
Thermal element can be installed in wall portion via spacer element or is installed in wall portion via spacer element so that being equipped with for substrate adds
The one side of thermosphere is to isolation/reflecting element).This has the following advantages that, that is, due to by isolation/reflecting element and simultaneously
Realizing wall portion thermal insulation to the heating of isolation/reflecting element, heat is decoupled, this causes the thermal insulation of wall portion to be improved (that is, almost
There is no heat to enter wall portion).Another advantage is, compared to the situation of traditional heating system, which absorbs less room
Internal water does not preferably absorb water inside room.Because isolation/reflecting element also reflect it is most of (preferably at least 85%, more
Preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 91%, more preferably at least 92%, more preferably at least 93%, more preferably at least 94%, it is more excellent
Choosing at least 95%, the IR rays of directive wall portion more preferably at least 96%), by heating system according to the present invention can with than
The less energy warms room of traditional heating system.
Conductivity additive is conductive material and is well known to those skilled in the art.Electric conductivity addition based on carbon
The particular example of agent includes graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotube (CNTs), carbon fiber and carbon nano-fiber.Heating layer may include one kind
Or a variety of above-mentioned conductivity additives, such as by 2 or 3 kind of above-mentioned conductivity additive, such as graphite and carbon black or graphite and CNTs
The mixture of composition.
The following detailed description of the characteristic of above-mentioned conductivity additive.
Graphite is very common mineral and belongs to semimetal and nonmetallic classification.In addition to diamond and fullerene with
Outside, graphite be carbon the third on earth under normal condition in the form of stable state (modification) and mostly with hexagon knot
Crystalline substance, it is also rarely found in trigonal system.
Graphite develops into the crystal of opaque, grey to black in hexagon, bulk, flakey or columnar shape,
The crystal has metallic luster in crystal face.
Have in Scaly graphite the parallel flat multiple layers to stretch, its be " basal plane " or " graphite linings ".One layer is by altogether
The hexagon of valence link connection is formed, and carbon atom is with sp2Hydridization.Combination between the internal plane, carbon atom can be
4.3eV, and combination can be only 0.07eV between plane.Since this extreme orientation dependency of binding force generates graphite
Machinery, electrical and thermal characteristics significant anisotropy：
The slight fissility along basal plane of pure graphite, along the significantly higher intensity of crystal layer；
Compared to the essentially metallic conductivity along plane, it is orthogonal to the thermal insulation and electrical insulating property of basal plane.
Electric conductivity within plane is realized by the delocalization of pi-electron.If there is no fixed correlation between plane,
Referred to as turbostratic carbon.Graphite is alternatively synthesis source, the production as the coking to this suitable plastics, pitch, oil, coal etc.
Object.
Carbon black is the pulverulent solids of black, according to quality and application including 80% or more carbon.
Carbon black is showed according to its application field and with special characteristic, targetedly by the type of manufacturing method and
The influence of the variation of procedure parameter.
Carbon black, its characteristic, manufacturing method, using etc. by broad description, therefore herein refer to the relevant technologies article.
Carbon nanotube (CNTs) is formed by being rolled into graphite linings that are cylindrical, being closed.Single pipe is known as " single
Wall carbon nanotubes (single-wall carbon nanotubes) " (SWCNT) increase the part of diameter due to the pipe being coaxially laminated
Referred to as " multiwall carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotube) " (MWCNT).
CNTs can be made by various methods.Most generally known is arc procedure, laser ablation methods and catalysis auxiliary
Chemical vapor deposition (CCVD).The method of the latter is suitable for mass producing CNTs.Herein in metal, catalytic activity base
It is generated on body by gaseous carbon source (hydrocarbon, alcohol, CO, CO2) form CNT.
In general, SWCNT has the diameter of 0.5-4nm, MWCNT has the diameter between 6 and 100nm.The length of CNTs
It can be up to several mm.
The physical characteristic of CNTs is corresponding to graphite as the extending along basal plane of graphite.
Nowadays CNTs is used in as mechanical reinforcing agent, conduction and the additive of heat conduction in polymer, ceramics and metal.It is right
This, CNTs usually carries out chemical modification on the surface thereof, and so as to meet good dispersibility, (it is alternatively referred to as with base is connected to
The basic material of heat medium) on requirement.Usually host material is added in CNTs.Therefore, term " CNTs " should not only include
Non-modified CNTs also includes the CNTs of modified (in particular sidewall modification).Due to high aspect ratio and high specific surface
Product can only form the composite material with relatively low CNT contents.
Carbon fiber " Carbonfasern " is (also referred to as " Kohlenstofffasern ") fiber that industry manufactures.It distinguishes
For isotropism and anisotropic type, wherein, isotropic fiber only has small intensity and anisotropic fibre
The feature of dimension is also has high intensity and rigidity while small fracture elongation in the axial direction.The diameter of carbon fiber is about
For 5-9 μm and therefore more than carbon nano-fiber or CNTs.
Carbon nano-fiber (CNF) is made of graphene layer, stacked on top of each other along fibre axis.It is opposite with reference to graphene layer
In the angle (orientation) of fibre axis for being distinguished roughly.Therefore, so-called " herringbone " CNF has with ≠ 90 ° of angle
Spend the graphene layer of arrangement.The CNF can be solid or be hollow.Its diameter is in 50nm-1 μm of range and its length
It can be up to mm ranges.In the case where graphene layer is arranged relative to fibre axis with=90 °, referred to as " board-like " CNF.Its diameter
In the range of 50-500nm and its length can be up to 50 μm.
The CNF is usually made up of CVD.Its application is predominantly in catalysis as catalyst carrier and in lithium-ion electric
Additive in pond or during air storage as activity.
Heating layer in electrical heating elements, especially can in the heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Comprising at least one adhesive, wherein, which preferably includes nonconducting polymer." adhesive " according to the present invention is managed
It solves as a kind of connection, can be applied in substrate, made by the connection particle (such as conductivity additive, especially graphite and carbon black)
Particle and adhesive (and if any with other substances) are adhered in substrate together.That is, adhesive promotes in heating layer
In particle adhesive force in substrate of cohesion and heating layer.Adhesive may be configured to organic or inorganic.It is similar
Ground adds comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and available for generating comprising at least one electric conductivity based on carbon
Add the dispersant of the heating layer of agent to may include at least one adhesive as defined above.
Nonconducting polymer is not particularly limited and comprising various types of polymer, especially thermoplastic polymer
(also referred to as thermoplastic), elastomer and reaction resin, when necessary with one or more additives (such as curing agent and promotion
Agent) mixing.Polymer is interpreted as the chemical compound built by one or more of homogeneous units (monomer).Such molecule leads to
Often with the construction for having chain or branch and with the covalent bond between monomer.Several, but not closure is described below
The example for preferred polymer, can use individually or be used in a manner of any combination.Nonconducting polymerization
Share of the object in heating layer can be 10-95% (such as 20-85%, 30-80% or 40-75%) by weight.It is nonconducting
Polymer is comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and available for generating comprising at least one leading based on carbon
Share in the dispersant of the heating layer of electrical additive can be by weight 10-90% (such as 20-80%, 30-75% or
40-60%).
The example packet of thermoplastic polymer includes：
Polyolefin (such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, polyisobutene)
Polyamide (such as such as polyamide -66, polyamide -12, polyamide-11, polyamide -6)
Acrylic polymer (such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid and derivative)
Fluorine system polymer (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride)
Aliphatic series and aromatic polyester (such as such as polyethylene glycol, polyethylene terephthalate)
Polyimides (such as such as polyetherimide)
Poly- (virtue) ether ketone (such as such as polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone)
Polysulfide (such as such as polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylsulfone, polysulfones, polyether sulfone)
Polyformaldehyde
Cellulose and its derivates (such as such as cellulose nitrite, cellulose acetate salt, cellulose acetate butyrate
Deng)
Polyvinyl (such as such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, gathers
Vinyl pyrrolidone etc.)
The example packet of elastomer includes：
Natural rubber may include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent group, nitrile substituent group, sulphur substituent group or oxygen substituent group
Isoprene may include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent group, nitrile substituent group, sulphur substituent group or oxygen substituent group
Butadiene may include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent group, nitrile substituent group, sulphur substituent group or oxygen substituent group
Other rubber may include chlorine substituent, styrene substituent group, nitrile substituent group, sulphur substituent group or oxygen substituent group
Elastomer silicone
Polyurethane
The example of reaction resin is epoxy resin, and it includes the monomer containing group, oligomer and/or polymer.Epoxy
Resin can be based on aromatic monomer (for example, bisphenol-A, Bisphenol F, novolaks etc.), aliphatic monomers or alicyclic monomer.The latter is grouped
Example including (but not limited to) 3,4- epoxycyclohexyl-methyl -3,4- epoxycyclohexane carboxylates, bis- ((3,4- epoxy hexamethylenes
Base) methyl) adipate ester and with higher or lower molecular weight other derivatives.Epoxy resin can be simple function, double
Function, trifunctional, tetrafunctional and more polyfunctional and including all molecular weight.
Other of reaction resin are grouped into cyanate and isocyanates, and this corresponding representative is included (but it is unlimited
In) 2,4- diisocyanate base -1- methylbenzenes, 1- isocyanate groups -4- [(4- isocyanatophenyis) methyl] benzene, the bis- (4- of 1,1-
Cyanato- phenyl) ethane, bis- (the 4- cyanato-s phenyl) propane of 2,2-, oligomeric (3- methylene -1,5- benzene diisocyanate) and have
Other derivatives of higher or lower molecular weight.
The another of reaction resin is grouped into linear and branch glycol and polyfunctional alcohol (such as oligomeric polyols and polyester is more
First alcohol and polyether polyol) grouping.
Another grouping for being grouped into reactive polyimides system of reaction resin.Reactive polyimides system can wrap
Containing monofunctional monomer (such as such as N-phenylmaleimide, 2,6- xylyls maleimide, N- N-cyclohexylmaleimides
Deng) and/or bifunctional monomer (such as such as 4,4'- diphenyl methanes-bismaleimide, N, N'- (4- methyl-m- sub- benzene
Base) bismaleimide, N, N'--phenylenes, diallyl ether bisphenol-A, neighbour are adjacent '-diallyl A, polyphenylene span come
Acid imide, polybenzimidazoles etc.).
Another grouping for being grouped into phenolic resin of reaction resin.Example is including but not limited to based on phenolic aldehyde or first rank
The example of section phenolic resin.
Other example packets of reaction resin include：
Unsaturated polyester resin and vinyl ester resin
-ol acid resin
Melmac
Polysilane and organosilicon
Acrylate (including methacrylate)
Polyquinoxaline
Pitch and pitch
In addition, in heating layer (or comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and available for generating packet
In the dispersant of heating layer containing at least one conductivity additive based on carbon) it may include curing agent and/or accelerating agent, such as
Amine, amide, amidoamines, amino alcohol, amino acid, acid anhydrides, imidazoles, cyanamide, alcohols, phenols, polyalcohol, cyanate, sulphur
Alcohol, carboxylic acid, metal complex etc..According to the present invention, " curing agent " is interpreted as being used for multiple individual infrastructure element (examples
Such as adhesive) connect into the compound of a three-dimensional network.Curing agent preferably has at least two function groups, can be with bonding
Agent reacts and can be identical or different.Curing agent/accelerating agent share of (or in dispersant) in heating layer is preferred
It is to carry out stoichiometry (that is, curing agent/accelerating agent is such amount, theoretically almost often relative to corresponding reaction resin
A curing agent/promotion agent molecule can be reacted with reaction resin molecule；It is preferred that (or in dispersant) cures in heating layer
80-150% (such as 85-130%, 90-120%, 95-110%, the 97- of the amount of agent/accelerating agent for the molecular weight of reaction resin
105%th, 98-102% or 100%)).
It is preferred that it is possible that heating layer (or comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and available for producing
The dispersant of the raw heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon) not comprising organic bond.In this feelings
Under condition, instead of nonconducting polymer, heating layer (or dispersant) may include one or more inorganic bonds.According to this hair
Bright term " inorganic bond " refers to mineral materials, the especially machinable creme of acquisition when being mixed with water, after the creme
Hardening can harden.Preferably, inorganic bond is non-conductive in solid-state and/or the state of hardening.Hardening can be with the side of hydraulic pressure
Formula is (i.e. with water and under water；Example：Cement, magnesia), the mode (example of calcification：Lime), hydration mode (example：Stone
Cream) or otherwise (for example, the mode of polymerization, example：Waterglass) or mixedly carry out.The example of inorganic bond includes
(but not limited to) cement (such as Portland cement, alumina cement (calcium aluminate), Portland fast cement (calcium silicates, anhydrite
(CaSO4)), calcium sulphoaluminate cement (calcium sulphoaluminate, belite, anhydrite), sulfuric acid slag cements (slag, anhydrite, silicon
Sour calcium)), lime (such as quick lime (CaO) or white lime (Ca (OH)2)), gypsum (such as anhydrous gypsum (CaSO4), semihydrate
(CaSO4·0.5H2) or hydrate (CaSO O4·2H2O)), magnesia (magnesia, magnesium salts), waterglass (alkali silicate, spy
It is not sodium and/or Cali's silicate) and geopolymer (for example, alumino-silicate, such as clay).The preferable example of inorganic bond is
Quick lime, white lime, waterglass, gypsum, clay and cement.The share of inorganic bond can be by weight in heating layer
10-95% (such as 20-85%, 30-80% or 40-75%).Similarly, at least one electric conductivity addition based on carbon is being included
Agent and available for generate comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon heating layer dispersant in, inorganic bond
Share can be 10-90% (such as 20-80%, 30-75% or 40-60%) by weight.
Isolation/reflecting element
Another component included in heating system according to the present invention is isolation/reflecting element.It can make in principle thus
With the heat bridge that can disconnect wall portion and reflect the constructions of IR rays.Such as isolation/reflecting element may include at least one isolation
Layer and at least one reflecting layer, wherein, separation layer is equipped to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion, and reflecting layer is equipped to reflection IR rays, outstanding
IR rays are reflected into the space limited by the wall portion by it.
Preferably, separation layer be configured to multiple field and can have at least one air barrier (such as at least two, extremely
Few 3, such as 1,2 or 3 air barrier).
Separation layer can be diffusion layer, such as it is equipped to prevent substance, especially water from passing through.In an alternative embodiment party
In formula, separation layer is permeable, that is, it is equipped to that substance, especially water is allowed to pass through.Preferably, permeable separation layer is matched
It is standby that substance, especially water is only allowed to pass through in one direction into it.It is preferably in this embodiment, separation layer is equipped with simultaneously in this way
And can be mounted or mounted in wall portion, thus, it is possible to cause or so that the direction in substance, especially water towards room passes through (that is, can prevent
Only or prevent substance, especially direction of the water from room towards wall portion from passing through).Preferably, separation layer, which fully covers, can install or pacify
Wall portion equipped with heating system according to the present invention.The example of separation layer is 0.05- including plastic film, especially by preferred thickness
The polyethylene of 0.5mm (such as 0.06-0.4mm, 0.07-0.3mm, 0.08-0.2mm, 0.09-0.15mm or 0.1-0.12mm) is formed
Plastic film；Aluminium foil, aluminium air bubble film and aluminium laminated film.Separation layer preferably has at least 40000 (such as at least 50000, extremely
Lack 60000, at least 70000, at least 80000, at least 90000 or water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient (μ) at least 100000).
The random layer for being suitble to reflection IR rays can be used as reflecting layer.The example in reflecting layer includes (particularly pure by aluminium
Aluminium) form film, aluminium laminated film, aluminium air bubble film or the building panel with aluminized coating.Particularly preferred example is that aluminium film is (special
It is not made of fine aluminium).
In one embodiment, isolation/reflecting element is equipped to absorb at least partly and/or reflecting electromagnetic radiation.
There can be EMV layers to this isolation/reflecting element, be equipped to absorb at least partly and/or reflecting electromagnetic radiation.Such as EMV
Layer is comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon and can be grounded or be grounded, and thus can realize or realize at least partly
Absorption of electromagnetic radiation.Alternatively or additionally, the reflecting layer of isolation/reflecting element can be equipped to absorb at least partly and/
Or reflecting electromagnetic radiation；Such as thus it can be shielded so that can reflect or reflex on the reflecting layer of isolation/reflecting element
At least part of electromagnetic radiation and/or if isolation/reflecting element reflecting layer have for ground connection device, then isolation/
The reflecting layer of reflecting element can absorb or absorbs at least part of electromagnetic radiation.
In one embodiment, isolation/reflecting element is impermeable, that is, the isolation/reflecting element is equipped to prevent
Only substance, especially water pass through.In an alternative embodiment, isolation/reflecting element is permeable, that is, isolation/anti-
Element is penetrated to be equipped to that substance, especially water is allowed to pass through.Preferably, permeable isolation/reflecting element is equipped to so that and isolation/
Reflecting element only allows substance, especially water to pass through in one direction.It is preferably in this embodiment, isolation/reflecting element
It is equipped with and can be mounted or mounted in wall portion in this way, enable to or so that the direction in substance, especially water towards room passes through
(that is, can prevent or prevent substance, especially direction of the water from room towards wall portion from passing through).Preferably, isolation/reflecting element is fully
The wall portion of heating system according to the present invention can be installed or be equipped with to covering.Isolation/reflecting element according to workable for the present invention
Example especially include the arbitrary combination in above-mentioned isolation/reflecting layer.Special example is aluminium laminated film, such as uses aluminium duplex coating
Laminated film, such as can be obtained from company Alufox, Isofolie or Brangs+Heinrich.
Isolation/reflecting element can be installed in wall portion by known methods.Such as isolation/reflecting element can be by bonding
Band is fixed in wall portion.Therefore isolation/reflecting element can have adhesive layer in one embodiment, be equipped to make isolation/
Reflecting element can be mounted or mounted in wall portion.
Spacer element
Another component included in heating system according to the present invention is spacer element.It can arrange or be arranged in every
From/between reflecting element and heating element, and be configured to so that heating element is spaced apart with isolation/reflecting element.In principle
Any materials (such as timber, plastics (especially heat-resisting plastics) or metal) and arbitrary structure can be used (such as to be configured as thus
The lath of 20x50mm) or metal frame configuration as U or C configuration embodiments.Preferably, spacer element is made of timber
Lath (such as roof trusses, especially through scraping and/or be made of dragon spruce) or heat-resisting plastics or implement as U or C configurations
The metal frame configuration of mode.Spacer element particularly for provide for isolation another air cushion and/or provide for connection part and
It is laid with the space of cable.
Spacer element can install (such as by screw, nail etc.) using arbitrary known device, wherein, preferred device
Part be equipped to for prevent especially wall portion heat bridge (such as comprising these preferred devices, plastic expansion plug (D ü bel) and by
Screw (replace metallic screw) made of the plastics that fiber is strengthened).
Control element and other optional components
When necessary be included in heating system according to the present invention in control element include power supply (for provide voltage and/
Or electric current) and control device for controlling heating system.The optional component of others of heating system according to the present invention is to use
In connection control system and the electric lead of contact element.The laying of electric lead has to comply with that well known to a person skilled in the art regulations
And standard.Preferably, electric lead can be covered up, that is, be laid in by between isolation/between reflecting element and heating element
Every in the distracted gap of element.Electric lead is connected to each other by one or more collector terminals in one embodiment.
According to the present invention, term " voltage " should include being adapted to provide for the electric energy of voltage and/or electric current.In an embodiment party
In formula, power supply is power elements, that is, for one be connectable on house power grid (usual 230V AC ± 10%, 50/60Hz)
Equipment or a component and the equipment or component of the voltage different from the offer of house power grid and/or electric current is needed to energize.Power supply
Part can be Switching Power Supply part or transformer frequency response part.In one embodiment, power source supplies AC is (especially in the low electricity of safety
In pressure range) or be configured and be designed to provide alternating current (especially in safety low-voltage range).In an alternative implementation
In mode, power source supplies DC (especially in safety low-voltage range) or be configured and be designed to provide direct current (especially exist
In safety low-voltage range).
In one embodiment, Power Management Design and be configured to, can simultaneously for it is more than one (for example, at least 2, at least
3, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, for example until 40, it is straight
To 30, until 25, until 20, until 15 or until 10, such as 2 to 40,3 to 30,4 to 25,5 to 20
It is a, 6 to 15 or 2 to 10) heating element service voltage (and/or electric current).
It control device preferred disposition and is designed to, for controlling heating system according to the present invention, that is, in electrical heating member
It is controlled in the case of part and applies great voltage and/or great electric current to heating layer or add what water auxiliary or oil assisted
It is controlled in the case of thermal element and provides the heated water how much measured or oil to conducting wire and applied with which kind of speed, to reach
Desired temperature.
To this appropriately, in one embodiment, control element have thermostat, the thermostat be especially configured and
It is designed to, can measure and monitor when necessary the temperature in the room residing for heating system according to the present invention.Expediently, so
It is configured and designs thermostat, that is, can communicate with control device.Advantageously, thermostat is mounted on confession according to the present invention
In room residing for hot systems, it is preferred that do not installed close to heating system according to the present invention, and being mounted in does not have
Install in the wall portion of heating system (such as thermostat can be positioned at the room with heating system according to the present invention with being equipped with
In the opposite wall portion of the wall portion of heating system).In one embodiment, thermostat is configured and is designed to, can be in the constant temperature
Desired room temperature (theoretical temperatures) is set on device.
In electrical heating elements, especially have the heating layer comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon electrical heating
In one embodiment of element, control device constantly measures the electricity for flowing through heating layer (or multiple heating layers) at runtime
Stream, and the electric current and standard value/reference value are compared.Thus it can ensure that the functional fault of heating layer (such as is adding
Spark on thermosphere is formed) or the substrate or the machinery change of wall portion for being equipped with heating system will not cause to make personnel and/or
Animal is in unsafe condition or threatens the safety of personnel and/or animal.
In an embodiment of heating system according to the present invention, such as there is control element power supply to disconnect machine automatically
Structure.In this regard, control element can configure and be designed to, control element, which is identified, to be occurred spark on heating layer and is occurring this
Automatic release mechanism is activated during class spark, that is, deenergization.Alternatively or additionally, control element is configured and is designed to,
So that control element monitors the great magnitude of current and flows through heating layer, and in the electric current for flowing through heating layer and standard value/reference value
Automatic release mechanism is activated during deviation at least 1% (such as at least 5% or at least 10%), that is, deenergization.
In an embodiment of heating system according to the present invention, control element, which has on heating layer, (or to be added
In the one or more of thermosphere or on all heating layers) temperature sensor.Temperature sensor is advantageously constructed and is configured to,
Directly on heating layer or (if other layer is coated on heating layer) measures temperature in the top of heating layer, and will survey
Amount data send thermostat and/or control device to.Thus dangerous caused by being overheated due to heating system (such as adding can be prevented
Temperature on the surface of thermosphere is more than 40 DEG C or more than 50 DEG C (especially if heating element is mounted on the accessibility wall portion of personnel
On region) or temperature on the surface of heating layer be more than 70 DEG C or more than 120 DEG C (especially if heating element is mounted on people
On the region of the not accessibility wall portion of member)).
Control element can be mounted in the room for including heating element.In an alternative embodiment, control member
Part can in other positions (such as in next door room, in the central electric room being connect with room to be heated or safe
Or in basement).
Heating system according to the present invention can be used for generating temperature usually in house (such as house) inside, for example exist
Temperature in 15-30 DEG C of range.In this regard, it is especially mounted on the region of the accessibility wall portion of personnel (usually in heating element
In being less than in the region of 2.5m with ground distance for wall portion) when, the maximized surface temperature of heating layer can be up to 40 DEG C.In heating unit
Part be mounted on the region of the not accessibility wall portion of personnel (be usually at least in the region of 2.5m with ground distance in wall portion,
Such as on the top in room or on corresponding diagonal brace) when, the maximized surface temperature of heating layer can up to 120 DEG C (as until
110 DEG C, until 100 DEG C, until 90 DEG C, until 80 DEG C or until 70 DEG C).It also provides in one embodiment, according to this hair
Bright heating system is for reaching temperature more higher than usual room temperature, such as (such as 80 DEG C to 120 of the temperature in sauna house
DEG C, such as 85 DEG C to 110 DEG C).
Heating system according to the present invention is especially suitable for heating room, wherein, this how to be constructed with room or room position
It is unrelated in where.For example, the room can be a part for house or building (that is, fixed)；But term " room " also wraps
Include movable modification (such as container).According to all boundaries of the term of the present invention " wall portion " including room, wherein without window.It removes
Vertical wall portion (can carrying or can not carry), term " wall portion " especially also includes partition wall that may be present, possibility
At the top of existing diagonal brace and room (including furred ceiling).
Heating system according to the present invention especially has as included containing at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
The heating system of the heating element of heating layer has the following advantages that the heating system can be used for heating room, the room in the room
Interior air should move in (such as the ward of hospital or operating room, room etc. of autopath) as few as possible.Another advantage is root
According to the present invention heating system realize heat it is decoupled, the isolation which improve wall portion almost without thermal energy (that is, enter wall portion
In).Another advantage is, compared to traditional heating system, wall portion less absorbs the water inside room, does not preferably absorb water.
The heating element of heating system according to the present invention has 392W/m under 23 DEG C of temperature condition2Radiation work(
Rate.By the reflection by isolation/reflecting element (such as aluminium foil as glossiness aluminium foil), make outside radiant power
It is reduced to 17W/m2, this is only the 4% of output power.Therefore it can pass through isolation/reflector of heating system according to the present invention
Part reflection it is most of (preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 91%, more preferably at least 92%, more preferably
At least 93%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 95%, the IR rays of direction wall portion more preferably at least 96%), by
This, the energy warms room less than traditional heating system can be used by heating system according to the present invention.This provides following
Advantage, the energy in feedthrough system major part (preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 91%, it is more excellent
Choosing at least 92%, more preferably at least 93%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 96%) can be only defeated
Send or be only conveyed to the room of heating.
First measures experiment it has been shown that using heating system according to the present invention, especially having as included containing
During the heating system of the heating element of the heating layer of at least one conductivity additive based on carbon, by the heat supply of every living space
Energy consumption is set in substantially 15-20kWh/m2a.It is less than 100kWh/m at this time2What the value of a had just been regarded as.KfW-70-house regulation
Maximum energy consumption is 45kWh/m2a。
In heating system according to the present invention, especially with as included containing at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Heating layer electrical heating elements heating system in it is very advantageous that can also be used by oneself power supply, for example pass through photovoltaic
And/or block power heating equipment (Blockkraftheizanlagen) can unquestionably run heating system.
In heating system according to the present invention, especially with as included containing at least one conductivity additive based on carbon
Heating layer electrical heating elements heating system in there is no maintenance cost because whole system is absolutely not worn.
For manufacturing the external member of heating system
Component about external member according to the present invention designing scheme (more particularly to heating element, isolation/reflecting element and
Spacer element) referring to the full content of the above embodiment about first scheme according to the present invention (heating system).
In particular it is preferred that the heating element included in external member according to the present invention is equipped to send out IR towards each direction
Ray (that is, heating element do not have aluminium foil, typically without can reflect or reflect IR rays reflecting layer, typically without IR reflect
Layer).
Using and method
Electricity heating system according to the present invention also provides advantages below other than it is used to heating the application in room, the electricity
Heating system can be used at least partly room shielding electromagnetic radiation.This is realized in many ways：(i) do not apply to heating layer
Current or voltage, but be grounded；(ii) heating element has EMV layers in its second side；And/or (iii) isolation/reflector
Part has EMV layers (combination of (i) and (ii), (i) and (iii), (ii) and (iii) or (i) to (iii) are also possible).
In addition, external member according to the present invention can be used for manufacturing heating system in wall portion, in particular according to the heat supply of the present invention
System.
About it is according to the present invention for heat room method embodiment referring to about it is according to the present invention other
Scheme, in particular according to the present invention first scheme (heating system) the above embodiment full content.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of a part for heating system according to the present invention, only shows isolation/reflector wherein
Part and spacer element；
Fig. 2 shows the vertical views of the heating element of heating system according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows the schematic cross sectional views of the Electricity Federation socket part between contact element and electric lead；
Fig. 4 shows the sectional view of heating system according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the heating system with 10 heating elements according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings several preferred embodiments are described, but these embodiments be not limitation of the present invention simultaneously
And it should only be interpreted as the illustrative embodiment of the present invention.Element in figure is not required to show by correct proportions each other.Only
It is identical in the accompanying drawings, function is identical and acts on identical element always with identical reference numeral without other explanation
It represents.
The sectional view of a part for heating system 18 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, illustrate only wherein every
From/reflecting element 2 and spacer element 3.Isolation/reflecting element 2 is herein by air barrier and the reflection in aluminium film form
Layer is formed, and air barrier is bonded in wall portion 1 to disconnect the heat bridge of wall portion by entire surfaceInterval member
Part 3 is in plank strips, is mounted on isolation/reflecting element 2.
Fig. 2 shows the vertical views of the heating element 4 of heating system 18 according to the present invention.Substrate 5 can be gypsum fiber
Plate (such as the size of Fermacell companies be 120cm x 60cm x 1.5cm plate) or can it is fire-retardant and suitable for building
Other plates in field.The substrate 5 is equipped with contact element 6 (preferably copper electrode, self-adhering type such as the thermal spraying production for passing through copper
It is raw) and coating is carried out with the dispersant comprising at least one conductivity additive based on carbon, add to generate on substrate 5
Thermosphere 7, wherein, circular fringe region 9 on substrate 5 is exposed, so as to which heating element 4 is mounted on interval member
On part 3 (such as being tightened by screw thread).Contact element 6 sets Electricity Federation socket part 10 at this time.Then also coatable protective layer 8 for
Protect heating layer 7 from mechanical damage.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic cross sectional views of the Electricity Federation socket part 10 between contact element 6 and electric lead 11.Such as in base
It is drilled out in bottom 5 and sinks to portalling.Contact element 6 is cut and is bonded in hole.Being then pressed into rivet 15 (can also carry spiral shell
Line), mounting screw 17, installation for the gasket 16 that reliably electrically connects and place cable connector casing 12, so as to being drawn
The electric lead 11 for leading power supply (not shown) establishes electrical connection.Locking nut 14 compresses the structure and stop washer 13.Then
The structure can be filled and led up, papered and/or smeared in screw rostral.
Fig. 4 shows the sectional view of heating system 18 according to the present invention.Heating element 4 is as shown in Figure 2 with heating layer court
It to wall portion is screwed onto on spacer element 3 (such as wood lath).Therefore, the IR rays sent out from heating element 4 are in isolation/reflection
It is reflected and is injected in room on element 2.Which substantially increases the efficiency of heating system according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the heating system 18 with 10 heating elements 4 according to the present invention.Heating element 4
(approximation) is mounted in wall portion 1 by entire surface.Be not suitable for or be not intended to the region of heating can simply spread no heating layer
Common substrate 5 '.By suitable conducting wire 11 for heating element 4 lay cable (it is preferably concealed, for example, wall portion 1 and heating
Between element 4), being connected to each other as necessary by collector terminal (Sammelklemmen) 19, (power of power supply must be with this phase
With) and powered by control element 22, especially safety low-voltage.Control element 22 can as shown in FIG. 5 be mounted on
In the identical room of heating element 4.Control element 22 is in other place (examples in alternative (unshowned) embodiment
In next door room, in the central electric room being connect with room to be heated or safe or in basement).This
Outside, embodiment shown in fig. 5 has thermostat 20 and temperature sensor 21, and thermostat and temperature sensor are used to improve
The operability of heating system according to the present invention and safety are (on the one hand, because can be realized by thermostat 20 to it is expected room
The simple setting of temperature, and on the other hand, because the heating system that can identify overheat in time by temperature sensor 21 (such as has
Have the temperature more than 50 DEG C on the surface of heating layer) and it can be excluded (such as be automatically closed by activation and be
System)).
Reference numerals list
1 wall portion
2 isolation/reflecting element
3 spacer elements
4 heating elements
5 substrates
6 contact elements
7 heating layers
8 protective layers
The 9 circular fringe regions for installation
10 Electricity Federation socket parts
11 electric leads
12 cable connector casings
13 stop washers
14 locking nuts
15 rivets
16 gaskets
17 screws
18 heating systems
19 collector terminals
20 thermostats
21 temperature sensors
22 control elements
Claims (22)
1. for heating the heating system in room, including
(i) isolation/reflecting element can be installed or installed in the wall portion in room and be equipped to disconnect heat bridge and reflection
IR rays,
(ii) heating element, be equipped to for generate IR rays and
(iii) spacer element can be arranged or be arranged between the isolation/reflecting element and the heating element and is configured
It is spaced apart into the heating element is caused with the isolation/reflecting element.
2. for manufacturing the external member of heating system in wall portion, wherein, the external member includes：
(1) isolation/reflecting element can be mounted in the wall portion in room and be equipped to and be penetrated for disconnecting heat bridge and reflection IR
Line,
(2) heating element, be equipped to for generate IR rays and
(3) spacer element can be arranged between the isolation/reflecting element and the heating element and be arranged so that institute
Heating element is stated to be spaced apart with the isolation/reflecting element.
3. heating system according to claim 1 or external member according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described to add
Thermal element is electrical heating elements, the electrical heating elements that can be especially run with safety low-voltage.
4. heating system according to claim 3 or external member, which is characterized in that the heating element includes substrate, described
Substrate is coated with heating layer, wherein, the heating layer preferably comprises at least a kind of conductivity additive based on carbon.
5. heating system according to claim 4 or external member, which is characterized in that the substrate is equipped to fire-retardant.
6. heating system according to any one of claim 3 to 5 or external member, which is characterized in that the electrical heating elements
It is equipped to absorption of electromagnetic radiation at least partly.
7. heating system according to claim 6 or external member, which is characterized in that the substrate has be coated with heating layer the
One side and second side that is opposite with first side and putting, wherein, the second side is coated with EMV layers, is equipped at least
Partly absorbing electromagnetic radiation.
8. heating system or external member described according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that the heating element has to connect
The device on ground, being equipped to the heating layer when not applying voltage and/or electric current to heating layer can be grounded.
9. heating system or external member according to any one of claim 3 to 8, which is characterized in that the heating element packet
Two conductive contact elements are included, can arrange or be arranged on the heating element, enabling are applied to the heating element
Making alive and/or electric current.
10. heating system according to claim 9 or external member, which is characterized in that the contact element packet of described two conductions
Conductive metal strip is included, the metal strip is especially made of copper.
11. heating system according to claim 9 or 10 or external member, which is characterized in that the contact element of described two conductions
Each in part is with adhesive layer.
12. heating system according to any one of claim 1 and 3 to 11 or according to any one of claim 2 to 11
The external member, which is characterized in that the heating element has protective layer.
13. heating system according to any one of claim 1 and 3 to 12 or according to any one of claim 2 to 12
The external member, which is characterized in that the isolation/reflecting element includes separation layer and reflecting layer, wherein, the separation layer is equipped with
Into the heat bridge for disconnecting wall portion, and the reflecting layer is equipped to reflection IR rays, is especially reflected into room.
14. heating system according to claim 13 or external member, which is characterized in that the separation layer be configured to multilayer and
And at least one air barrier.
15. heating system according to any one of claim 1 and 3 to 14 or according to any one of claim 2 to 14
The external member, which is characterized in that the isolation/reflecting element has EMV layers, is equipped to absorb electromagnetism spoke at least partly
It penetrates.
16. heating system according to any one of claim 1 and 3 to 15 or according to any one of claim 2 to 15
The external member, which is characterized in that the heating element can be installed to via spacer element in wall portion so that can be by the heating
The IR radial energies that element generates are generated in face of the isolation/reflecting element or are generated in face of the isolation/reflecting element.
17. heating system according to any one of claim 1 and 3 to 16 or according to any one of claim 2 to 16
The external member, which is characterized in that also with control element.
18. heating system according to claim 17 or external member, which is characterized in that the control element has automatic disconnect
Mechanism, thermostat and/or temperature sensor.
19. the application of the heating system according to any one of claim 1 and 3 to 18, for heat room or for for
Room shields electromagnetic radiation.
20. the application of the external member according to any one of claim 2 to 18, for manufacturing heating system in wall portion.
21. for manufacturing the method for heating system in wall portion, include the following steps：
(a) isolation/reflecting element is mounted in the wall portion in room, wherein, the isolation/reflecting element is equipped to disconnect
Heat bridge and reflection IR rays,
(b) by spacer element be mounted on the isolation/reflecting element on and
(c) it by for generating the heating element of IR rays mounted on the spacer element, is generated so as to enabled by heating element
IR radial energies generate in face of the isolation/reflecting element or generated in face of the isolation/reflecting element.
22. for the method for heating room, include the following steps：
(a) isolation/reflecting element is mounted in the wall portion in room, wherein, the isolation/reflecting element is equipped to disconnect
Heat bridge and reflection IR rays,
(b) spacer element is mounted on the isolation/reflecting element,
(c) it by for generating the heating element of IR rays mounted on the spacer element, is generated so as to enabled by heating element
IR radial energies generated in face of isolation/reflecting element or generated in face of isolation/reflecting element and
(d) heating element is run.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202016107401.0 | 2016-12-27 | ||
| DE102016125742.7 | 2016-12-27 | ||
| DE202016107401.0U DE202016107401U1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Heating system and kit for producing a heating system |
| DE102016125742.7A DE102016125742A1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Heating system, kit for manufacturing a heating system and method of using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108240676A true CN108240676A (en) | 2018-07-03 |
| CN108240676B CN108240676B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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ID=61614311
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720206201.6U Active CN207122949U (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-03 | Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system |
| CN201710122815.0A Active CN108240676B (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-03 | Heating system, kit for manufacturing a heating system and method for applying the same |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720206201.6U Active CN207122949U (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-03 | Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (2) | CN207122949U (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207122949U (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-03-20 | 未来碳有限责任公司 | Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system |
| CN111586903A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-25 | 宁波石墨烯创新中心有限公司 | Graphene-containing conductive slurry for high-temperature heating film and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2008105612A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Hyun-Min Kim | Prefabricated heating mat panel and assembly thereof |
| DE102007041767A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-04-16 | Schürmann, Heinrich | One-man plate for use with electrical resistance heating and rigid fiber-reinforced fiber board for air conditioning in apartment and building, has electrically conductive heating layer that is heated by current |
| US20110081135A1 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-07 | Tracy Felder | Far Infrared Panel for Humid and Dry Environments |
| CN104380839A (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2015-02-25 | 株式会社美铃工业 | Heater |
| CA2899422A1 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-02-05 | Steven J. Benda | Printed shield with grounded matrix and pass through solder point systems and methods |
| CN205046874U (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-02-24 | 安徽乐金健康科技股份有限公司 | Physiotherapy room of infrared heating structure and applied this structure |
| CN207122949U (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-03-20 | 未来碳有限责任公司 | Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system |
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2017
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008105612A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Hyun-Min Kim | Prefabricated heating mat panel and assembly thereof |
| DE102007041767A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-04-16 | Schürmann, Heinrich | One-man plate for use with electrical resistance heating and rigid fiber-reinforced fiber board for air conditioning in apartment and building, has electrically conductive heating layer that is heated by current |
| US20110081135A1 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-07 | Tracy Felder | Far Infrared Panel for Humid and Dry Environments |
| CN104380839A (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2015-02-25 | 株式会社美铃工业 | Heater |
| CA2899422A1 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-02-05 | Steven J. Benda | Printed shield with grounded matrix and pass through solder point systems and methods |
| CN205046874U (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-02-24 | 安徽乐金健康科技股份有限公司 | Physiotherapy room of infrared heating structure and applied this structure |
| CN207122949U (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-03-20 | 未来碳有限责任公司 | Heating system and the external member for manufacturing heating system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN207122949U (en) | 2018-03-20 |
| CN108240676B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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