CN206157071U - Preparation system of biological charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a preparation system of biological charcoal, the preparation system includes rubbing crusher, drying device, feeder and pyrolysis furnace, rubbing crusher includes matter entrance and export, rubbing crusher's export is located the top of feeder, the export of feeder with drying device's entry is connected, drying device's export below is provided with the conveyer, the one end of conveyer is located the below of drying device export, the other end of conveyer is located feeder hopper mouth's top, feeder's export with plus the entry of hot type rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace links to each other. The utility model provides a portable, quick, the continuous catalytic cracking bio charcoal of preparation system, the biological charcoal quality of production is even, and pore structure is flourishing, also can remain active ingredient such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium many as far as possible.

Description

A kind of preparation system of charcoal

Technical field

This utility model is related to agriculture forest and husbandry waste recycling field and charcoal fertilizer production technical field, more particularly to A kind of preparation system of charcoal.

Background technology

In recent years, at the same time the agri-foodstuffs yield of China generate the stalk money of same size up to 900,000,000 tons Source.Calculate according to the average nitrogen content of straw 1%, just remain about 9,000,000 tons of nitrogens in light straw, China is annual apply 2500 Have more than 1/3 finally to remain in straw in ten thousand tons of nitrogenous fertilizer.With agriculture fast-developing, straw no longer stock keeping, no longer firewood use, lead Going out of use cause farmland stalk more.And in recent years various places government put into effect in succession straw prohibit burn order, cause straw pile up field without The timely and effective process of method.Straw-returning be straw directly, crush or pile up become thoroughly decomposed after be manured into soil, can effectively improve in soil Organic matter, strengthen soil microbial activities, increase soil fertility.But straw-returning method is improper, various problems also occur, The increasing that the disease pest biology worm's ovum and adhesion grogs that heavy metal, the pesticide residues of administration and the preceding crop that it is carried is carried is carried The modeling residue such as agent and antibiotic can be returned in soil again, the symptom such as cause uneven emergence, pest and disease damage to increase, and this is straw-returning Often result in crop production reduction or need the reason for applying more pesticide.

If in addition, animal wastes are applied directly to farmland, nutrient can be caused superfluous, root is easily burnt；And substantial amounts of disease Bacterium can be brought directly in soil, cause the propagation of pest and disease damage and zoosis epidemic disease.Therefore, typically by after animal wastes fermentation maturity again It is appropriate to apply.The quality of fermentation fertilizer quality is with when fermentative microorganism microbial inoculum, fermentation temperature control, dejecta moisture, fermentation Between wait factor relation very big, it is short then one month it is long then could ferment within three months complete, therefore fermentation period is very long.Secondly, fermentation Occupied ground is big, and initial stage foul smell is very heavy.Again, the high person of fermentation temperature only has 70～80 DEG C, and low person only has 40～50 DEG C, fermentation Still unavoidably some high temperature resistance pathogenic bacteria worm's ovums are not killed in fertilizer, and the hormone and antibiotic of animal are not decomposed yet, and these have Evil composition still can be entered in soil, or harm plant growing, or is absorbed by plants final and is entered human body.At the beginning of in Septembers, 2016, State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine, the approval of national standardization administration committee are issued《Oxytetracycline, Fourth Ring in organic fertilizer The assay high performance liquid chromatography of element, chlortetracycline and doxycycline》(GB/T 32951-2016), standard will be in 2017 3 Implement from the moon 1, the Traditional compost mode and its using effect of animal wastes will certainly be affected.

By the way that Agriculture, forestry And Animal Husbandry garbage is cracked under proper condition, charcoal can be transformed into.Apply biological to soil Charcoal can obviously improve soil ph, improve soil fertilizer water holding capacity, activate soil microorganism, promote Plant To Nutrient composition Absorption, so as to improve crop yield and quality.Additionally, stalk biomass cracking can obtain the liquid such as wood vinegar and wood tar Product, can be used as the fabulous raw material of foliage fertilizer.And, cracking gas has certain calorific value after cleaning-drying, can be used as benefit Fill fuel heating rotary kiln.Therefore, the disposal of garbage and recycling, soil improvement and environmental conservation etc. are organically combined Get up, have positive impetus to making continuable Development of Recycle Agriculture pattern.

At present mainly using mode is directly heated, mode of heating can be divided into two kinds of forms, one to domestic cracker again Directly to light raw material as cracking thermal source, heat smoke two is passed through in pyrolysis furnace and promotes raw material to occur by it by using air stove Reaction.But more than directly heating mode has two major defects, and one is that cracking reaction occurs under anaerobic or anoxia condition, but directly Connecing mode of heating inevitably allows partial oxidation to participate in reaction, so as to reduce carbonization quality；Two are cracked when directly heating Temperature is uncontrollable, it is impossible to ensure that raw material reacts under design cracking temperature, therefore the cracking charcoal characteristic for obtaining is not most It is suitable as charcoal to be applied in soil.Therefore, in order to obtain the charcoal of high-quality, in the urgent need to a kind of reaction condition can The adjustable cracking equipment of control, makes raw material that cracking reaction occur under design condition.Additionally, the addition of catalyst will further improve Cracking condition and lifting cracking charcoal quality.

Utility model content

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of preparation system of charcoal, removable, quick, company Continuous production charcoal, and the charcoal quality for producing is high.

This utility model is to provide a kind of preparation system of charcoal for the technical scheme that solution above-mentioned technical problem is adopted System, including pulverizer, drying unit, charging gear and pyrolysis furnace, the pulverizer includes material inlet and outlet, the crushing Positioned at the top of feeder, the outlet of the feeder is connected with the entrance of the drying unit, the drying for the outlet of machine The outlet lower section of device is provided with conveyer, and one end of the conveyer is located at the lower section of drying unit outlet, described defeated The other end for sending machine is located at the top of the charging gear hopper port, the entrance of the outlet of the charging gear and the pyrolysis furnace It is connected.

Above-mentioned preparation system, wherein, the pulverizer is jaw crusher, and the conveyer is belt conveyor or scrapes Template conveyer, the feeder is screw(-type) feeder；The charging gear includes the first hopper, the second hopper and feed auger Conveyer, first hopper and the second hopper are arranged above and below, and the exit of first hopper is provided with the first push-pull valve, institute The exit for stating the second hopper is provided with the second push-pull valve, the outlet of second hopper and entering for the feeding spiral conveyer Mouth is connected, and the outlet of the feeding spiral conveyer is connected with the entrance of the pyrolysis furnace.

Above-mentioned preparation system, wherein, first push-pull valve and the second push-pull valve are pneumatic gate valve, with air compression Machine is connected, and electrically connects with the first Pneumatic control module and the second Pneumatic control module respectively, first Pneumatic control module Be turned on and off for controlling the first push-pull valve, second Pneumatic control module be used for the unlatching of the second push-pull valve of control or Close.

Above-mentioned preparation system, wherein, the pyrolysis furnace is the first rotary kiln, including rotary kiln main body and is arranged on described Actuating device, external heat chamber, front tugboat and rear tugboat outside rotary kiln main body, the front tugboat and rear tugboat are separately positioned on At the two ends proximal port of the rotary kiln main body, the actuating device is arranged on the inner side of front tugboat, and the external heat chamber is arranged Between actuating device and rear tugboat.

Above-mentioned preparation system, wherein, the outlet of first rotary kiln is connected to condenser and drawing mechanism, institute State drawing mechanism to arrange up and down including the 3rd hopper, the 4th hopper and discharging spiral conveyor, the 3rd hopper and the 4th hopper Row, the discharge outlet of first rotary kiln is provided with the 3rd push-pull valve, and the exit of the 3rd hopper is provided with the 4th and inserts Plate valve, the outlet of the 4th hopper is connected with the entrance of the feeding spiral conveyer, and the entrance of the 3rd hopper is located at The outlet lower section of first rotary kiln.

Above-mentioned preparation system, wherein, the upper end of the condenser is connected by pipeline with the first air-introduced machine, and described first The outlet of air-introduced machine is connected by pipeline with air stove, the air stove by three-way connection (pipe) road respectively with the external heat cavity Anterior, middle part and rear portion connection, the front portion in the external heat chamber, middle part, rear portion are separately installed with thermocouple；The air stove with Burner connects.

Above-mentioned preparation system, wherein, the drying unit is the second rotary kiln, and the outside of second rotary kiln is arranged There is heat-insulated cavity, the flue on the external heat chamber of first rotary kiln is after the heat-insulated cavity of second rotary kiln It is sequentially connected with sack cleaner, scrubbing tower and activated coke adsorption tower；Is connected between the sack cleaner and scrubbing tower Two air-introduced machines；The drying unit outlet is provided with the 3rd air-introduced machine, and the 3rd air-introduced machine is by pipeline and the air stove Connection, as burning First air.

This utility model contrast prior art has following beneficial effect：This utility model provides a kind of system of charcoal Standby system, is uniformly heated up so that the temperature in rotary kiln is relatively uniform by the form of external heat source to pyrolysis furnace (rotary kiln), And can reach design temperature value.So, raw material can at a predetermined temperature occur cracking reaction, and produced charcoal quality is equal Even, pore structure is flourishing, it is also possible to retain the effective ingredient such as far as possible many N P and Ks.Particularly, the system that this utility model is provided Standby system adopts double-layer pneumatic push-pull valve using continuous feed, continuous production, continuous discharge form, wherein charging and discharging device Form, it is ensured that the sealing of system, also saves labour force.Raw material first passes through pre-heating and drying mechanism before into rotary kiln, Rotary kiln intensification energy consumption can substantially be saved.Cracking gas can be used for after purge drying it is counter burn energy supply, accomplish to make full use of itself Energy, to save external energy supply.The flue gas produced after cracking gas burning is by the purification such as cleaner unit, scrubbing tower and activated carbon After device, most after Jing air-introduced machines discharge, to ensure that fume indication meets environmental requirement, prevent the pollution to surrounding enviroment.This dress Put scale moderate, compact conformation, it is convenient to combine, and may be designed to modularization assembling, realizes portable production, is suitable for stock dispersion The inconvenience for bringing, can also reduce the expense of material collection generation.Specifically there is advantages below：

1st, this utility model can be according to needing treating capacity modularized design, packaged type to install nearby, can effectively solving straw Stalk and animal wastes the like waste dispersion intractable problem, realize the minimizing of waste utilization.

2nd, this utility model can realize the charging and discharging of automatization, save labour force.Additionally, system makes full use of certainly Body energy comes material drying or firing equipment, accomplishes as few with or without outside energy consumption as possible.Integrated gas cleaning System ensure that the flue gas of emptying is safe and harmless, make whole system be truly realized energy-autarchic, energy-conserving and environment-protective.

3rd, this utility model is heated using external-type, makes kiln temperature uniform, and different material is adopted not according to its characteristic Same cracking temperature, has been effectively ensured the quality of charcoal.The charcoal of cracking can be according to the ingredient properties of charcoal according to one Quality proportioning is determined into mixing charcoal fertilizer.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the production technological process that charcoal is prepared in this utility model embodiment；

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of charcoal preparation system in this utility model embodiment.

Wherein：

The feeding spiral conveyer of 1 first hopper, 2 first 3 second push-pull valve of push-pull valve 4

The external heat chamber of 6 actuating device of tugboat, 7 rotary kiln main body 8 before 5

The push-pull valve of 9 regulating valve, 10 air stove, 11 burner 12 the 3rd

The condenser delivery valve of 13 the 4th push-pull valve, 14 15 first air-introduced machine of discharging spiral conveyor 16

The condensator outlet cracking gas of 18 condenser 19 is counter burns pipeline for the outlet of 17 rotary kilns

The drying unit of 20 external heat cavity, 21 thermocouple, 22 pulverizer 23

The scrubbing tower of 24 conveyer, 25 26 second air-introduced machine of sack cleaner 27

The hopper of 30 feeder of the flue gas of 28 activated coke adsorption tower 29 emptying guiding tube 31 second

The pyrolysis furnace of tugboat 35 after the hopper 34 of 32 the 3rd hopper 33 the 4th

The heat-insulated cavity of 36 charging gear, 37 drawing mechanism 38

Specific embodiment

With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the utility model will be further described.

Fig. 1 is referred to, the preparation method of the charcoal that this utility model is provided comprises the steps：

First, the vegetable raw materials such as pretreatment, straw are carried out to raw material can be by open area dryness in the sun and drying dress Put 23 so as to which moisture content is down to less than 20%.Animal wastes dry in the sun is provided with wind in the sunlight sealing room of special design Machine, foul smell can be evacuated to air stove as combustion air；It is further through pulverizer 22, drying unit 23 again after natural drying It is dried, makes animal wastes moisture content be down to less than 30%, it is ensured that its in bulk, rotary kiln inwall will not be sticked to.Drying unit 23 The thermal source for using is fume afterheat, takes full advantage of self heat.

Pyrolysis furnace 35 is rotary kiln, and the charging aperture of rotary kiln is using double push-pull valve designs, it is ensured that the sealing of charging Property., using operated pneumatic valve control, the coordinated signals temporal sequence of the open and close between them is according to reality for upper and lower push-pull valve Treating capacity is setting.After raw material is entered from push-pull valve, then participation reaction in rotary kiln is brought into by the conveying worm of bottom. The switch time control of double push-pull valves also will be matched with conveying worm, to ensure that continuous uniform feeds.

This utility model adopts the size of rotary kiln type pyrolysis furnace, rotary kiln to design day output to select according to raw material The treating capacity that 5～50t/d is not waited, determines that kiln body length is that between 4m～16m, kiln body external diameter is returned between 0.5m～2m then Rotary kiln rotating speed is 0～5r/min, to guarantee that raw material fully reacts.

This utility model adopts external heat mode, i.e., one layer of heat preservation heat insulation layer cavity is further added by outside rotary kiln, heat The high-temperature flue gas that wind furnace is produced enter heating rotary kiln in cavity, and the temperature height in rotary kiln can be adjusted by air stove. The front portion of the bringing-up section of rotary kiln, middle part and rear portion are mounted on temperature measuring equipment, with the change of real-time monitoring kiln temperature.In order to protect The uniformity of card kiln temperature, by air stove exhaust pass three lateral forms are designed to, and each lateral is respectively provided with There is control valve, respectively lead to front portion, middle part and the rear portion of bringing-up section.When the temperature difference between the temperature that temperature measuring equipment is monitored compared with When big, the valve opening size that can pass through to adjust lateral is adjusted to kiln temperature, so that bulk temperature is uniformly setting Meter scope.

For different raw materials using different cracking temperatures come charcoal processing.For fibers such as straw, bamboo, branch, wood flours Type organic, cracking temperature is between 450～550 DEG C, it is ensured that the cracking charcoal of generation has abundant pore structure and specific surface Product.For animal class feces, in order to retain its organic components for containing as far as possible, there can be sufficiently high temperature to kill pathogenic bacteria worm again Ovum, and decompose zoohormone, antibiotic in feces, choose 250 DEG C～350 DEG C cracking temperatures as this kind of garbage. The cracking temperature of animal bone is 550 DEG C～650 DEG C, it is ensured that it into charcoal and can retain most P elements.

This utility model is run using rotary kiln tiny structure, and tiny structure scope can keep away in -50Pa～-100Pa in rotary kiln Exempt from the gas leakage situation that cracking gas is likely to occur in kiln head and tail.Revolution is capable of achieving by installing the appropriate air-introduced machine of pressure head in rear end Tiny structure in kiln, also bootable cracking gas in time from rotary kiln out, it is to avoid its kiln tail low-temperature zone condensation be mixed in charcoal.

This utility model adds appropriate alkaline metal cpds such as KNO₃、K₃PO₄、NaNO₃Deng as catalyst participation Cracking reaction, on the one hand can suitably reduce the cracking reaction temperature of raw material, and fertilizer element NPK can be also supplemented in addition.

The carbon outleting port of rotary kiln is also adopted by double push-pull valve designs, it is ensured that go out the sealing of charcoal.Upper and lower push-pull valve is adopted Operated pneumatic valve control is used, the coordinated signals temporal sequence of the open and close between them sets according to charcoal amount is actually gone out.When Charcoal from push-pull valve out after, then taken out of by the conveying worm of bottom.Charcoal can suitably prolong from after the entrance of upper push-pull valve The time of staying in long its temporary pipeline between upper and lower push-pull valve, to reach the purpose of abundant cooling.Therefore, lower plugboard valve Opening interval can be a little longer.

The cracking gas outlet of rotary kiln is provided with cracking oil condenser 18, wherein shell side is made in cracking leave with rage, tap water walks pipe Journey.Cracking gas is entered from condenser entrance, and upper outlet is discharged, and in condenser bottom ball valve switch is arranged, and opens ball valve Switch can discharge condensed cracked oil.Tap water or well water open cooling water pump as cooling medium, make cooling water from bottom Be passed through, top out, using indirect air water heat exchange condense cracked oil.Condensed cracking gas is passed directly into counter in air stove burning Energy supply, can make full use of the energy of system itself, reduce external fuel usage amount.

After high-temperature flue gas heating rotary kiln from air stove out, low-temperature flue gas enter back into raw material stoving device Material drying, afterwards into flue gas purification system.Flue gas purification system mainly includes cleaner unit, air-introduced machine, scrubbing tower 27 and lives Property the burnt grade of adsorption tower 28 after directly empty, it is ensured that the flue gas meet the requirement of environmental protection after purification, surrounding enviroment are not polluted.For In order to be effective, cleaner unit selects cloth bag form, and scrubbing tower 27 uses sodium hydroxide as deacidification drug, by scrubbing tower 27 out Flue gas dehumidifying after enter activated coke adsorption tower 28, can be by poisonous and harmful element that may be present in flue gas by further absorption And it is safe and harmless to more they tend to the flue gas for entering air.

Embodiment 1:

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is referred to, the present embodiment is by taking rice straw as an example.

(1) pretreatment stage：Harvested rice straw elder generation natural drying, dry in the sun degree is better, after being more conducive to Reaction.After natural drying, process into pulverizer 22.Pulverizer 22 selects jaw crusher, the straw size after crushing Guarantee in below 3cm, it is to avoid the snarl card machine together in follow-up screw(-type) feeder.

In the feeder 30 for exporting purgation drying unit 23 from pulverizer 22, feeder 30 selects screw(-type) feeder, it is ensured that Continuous feed.The outlet of feeder 30 is directly connected with drying unit 23, and straw out drops into afterwards drying dress from feeder 30 Put 23 bottoms.The discrepancy in elevation for having twenty or thirty centimetre with drying unit 23 of feeder 30, straw is piled up after falling in bottom.Drying dress 23 are put for the second rotary kiln, the outside of the second rotary kiln increases one layer of heat preservation cavity.From the flue gas out of pyrolysis furnace 35 by drying During the external thermal insulation cavity of equipment for drying 23, to the straw indirectly heat inside drying unit 23.In order that straw degree of drying is high, dry Within 1r/min, the rotary kiln inclination angle of drying unit 23 is about 5～10 ° to the rotating speed of equipment for drying 23.On the one hand gyroscopic action is made For the power that straw advances, tipping effect is on the other hand also functioned to.The cylinder material of drying unit 23 selects heat transfer property as far as possible Good thin property steel plate, the good warming plate of heat-insulated cavity material selection thermal insulation is cladded with rock wool heat-preservation layer.

(2) charging stage：Fall on belt conveyor 24 from the straw out of drying unit 23, be transported to charging gear 36 Hopper port.Material device 36 includes the first hopper 1, the second hopper 31 and feeding spiral conveyer 4, the first hopper 1 and the second material Bucket 31 is arranged above and below, the outlet of the second hopper 31 is connected with the entrance of feeding spiral conveyer 4, and feeding spiral conveyer 4 goes out Mouth is connected with the entrance of pyrolysis furnace 35.Because the outlet of drying unit 23 has certain discrepancy in elevation, therefore belt conveyor with hopper port 24 inclination angles are larger, but first have to ensure that straw will not down slide in course of conveying.So the belt root of belt conveyor 24 Length can be suitably selected according to practical situation；Or replace belt conveyor 24, straw to lean on the stop of scraper plate not using template conveyer is scraped Can glide, the light-duty material of scraper plate material selection.The transporting velocity of belt conveyor 24 according to the disposal amount of pyrolysis furnace 35 come It is fixed, it is to avoid straw is piled up in the first hopper 1 or the second hopper 2.

Straw is fallen into after the first hopper 1 from belt conveyor 24, to avoid straw from putting up a bridge in the first hopper 1, therefore is expected Quarrel can not be too little.This utility model adopts dual hopper degree of lip-rounding formula, and the exit of the first hopper 1 is provided with the first push-pull valve 2, the exit of the second hopper 31 is provided with the second push-pull valve 3, the first push-pull valve 2 and the second push-pull valve 3 adopt pneumatic control, And set time control program.It is that, for strengthening system sealing, first opening first push-pull valve 2 on top makes using double push-pull valves Straw falls, and now the second push-pull valve 3 of bottom is closed.When straw runs up to and is almost full of in the second hopper 31 When, the first push-pull valve 2 is closed, the second push-pull valve 3 is opened, straw is fallen in feeding spiral conveyer 4.The He of first push-pull valve 2 Second push-pull valve 3 is connected with air compressor, and electrically connects with the first Pneumatic control module and the second Pneumatic control module respectively, First Pneumatic control module is used for being turned on and off for the first push-pull valve of control, and second Pneumatic control module is used to control Make being turned on and off for the second push-pull valve.First, second Pneumatic control module is arranged in Pneumatic control cabinet, it is possible to achieve System uniform feeding, and save manpower.

(3) cleavage stages：The entrance of pyrolysis furnace 35 is entered into from the straw out of feeding spiral conveyer 4, now raw material There is no cracking reaction immediately.Due to pyrolysis furnace of the present utility model 35 be external-heat heating the first rotary kiln, first Region of the bringing-up section of rotary kiln between actuating device 6 and rear tugboat 34, therefore, the straw having just enter into is not in heating segment limit It is interior.But there is steam to assemble in porch, straw can be dried.As the first rotary kiln is rotated, straw slowly marches forward, and advances Process is also beneficial to being further dried for straw similar to tipping effect.As straw is slowly moved to the thermal treatment zone, residing for it Ambient temperature also more and more higher, internal moisture is also gradually evaporated.Exist from low-temperature space to high-temperature heating section, straw is eventually entered into There is pyrogenetic reaction, half carbonization reaction, low temperature pyrolyzer reaction and middle temperature cracking reaction etc. during advance successively, by different component The cracking gas of composition is also progressively produced, and the first rotary kiln is carried in the presence of the first air-introduced machine 15 into condenser 18 In.

Front postmedian in the thermal treatment zone is respectively equipped with a thermocouple 21, is passed directly into the first rotary kiln inside and splits for detection Solution reaction temperature.Cracking reaction belongs to the endothermic reaction, and with the propulsion of reaction, the temperature of zones of different can be varied from, pass through Electric thermo-couple temperature display screen understands the temperature difference situation between three.When the temperature difference is more significant, by adjusting the correspondence of air stove 10 The aperture of regulating valve 9 of pipe, make more high warm flue gas enter into low-temperature region carries out external heat to the first rotary kiln, passes through Kiln wall conduction of heat rises the temperature of corresponding region in kiln, so as to reach the effect of balanced kiln temperature.First rotary kiln rotating speed In 1r/min or so, therefore straw has the enough response time in bringing-up section, can fully be cracked.And because cracking region Oxygen content seldom, temperature is relatively uniform stable, can generate abundant pore structure, and the quality of the straw charcoal for obtaining can be obtained To guarantee.In order to the insulation for ensureing the first rotary kiln it is adiabatic, outside installed the rock wool heat-preservation layer of adequate thickness additional, and external heat Cavity 20 has castable refractory to fill.

The external heat source of the first rotary kiln is provided by air stove 10, and air stove 10 is built up by insulating brick and castable refractory, And equipped with solid and gas dual burner 11 and special fan, the kiln temperature for making the thermal treatment zone is maintained between 450 DEG C～550 DEG C. The general fuel used of burner 11 is high-quality charcoal powder, if necessary also can be using bottled gas or pipe gas additional heat. In addition, the gas inlet pipe roadside of air stove 10 preparation cracking gas air inlet pipeline, by pyrolysis furnace cracking gas out through condenser 18 condense after a part of cracked oil, and remaining cracking gas is directly entered air stove 10 and burns under the traction of the first air-introduced machine 15. Cracking gas had so both been processed, also portion of energy had been provided for the first rotary kiln, extra power usage amount had been saved.Cracking gas quilt Be directly entered flue gas purification system after burning, it is purified after just enter in air.

On the top of feeding spiral conveyer 4, reserved catalyst adds hole, and the is normally entered by charging gear 36 in straw When in single-revolution kiln, alkaline metal catalysts are added in right amount so as to participate in cracking reaction jointly.The participation of catalyst can reduce splitting Solution reaction temperature, according to catalytic effect practical situation, in right amount from KNO₃、K₃PO₄、NaNO₃Etc. type catalyst.Catalyst is deposited It is put in special container, the top of feeding spiral conveyer 4 is connected to by valve.Only valve opening need to be adjusted to suitable size, be allowed Catalyst is by self gravitation effect, even in feeding spiral conveyer 4.

(4) oil, charcoal, gas collection phase：Temperature from bringing-up section straw charcoal out is higher, but aft section belongs to non-and adds Hot-zone, ambient temperature is relatively low, therefore straw charcoal is advanced to when the first rotary kiln is exported and is obtained in that enough temperature-fall periods, Fall to afterwards in the drawing mechanism 37 of cracking outlet of still.Drawing mechanism 37 is also adopted by double-layer pneumatic push-pull valve, specifically, discharging Device 37 includes the 3rd hopper 32, the 4th hopper 33 and discharging spiral conveyor 14, and the 3rd hopper 32 and the 4th hopper are about 33 Arrangement, the discharge outlet of the first rotary kiln arranges the 3rd push-pull valve 12, and the exit of the 3rd hopper 32 arranges the 4th push-pull valve 13, Purpose is to ensure that the sealing of outlet.3rd push-pull valve 12, the switch board of the 4th push-pull valve 13 and air compressor and first are inserted The push-pull valve 2 of plate valve 2 and second is shared.3rd push-pull valve 12 is opened, and straw charcoal is entered in the 3rd hopper 32, now the 4th plate Valve 13 is closed.Straw charcoal also can further be cooled to less than 50 DEG C in the 3rd hopper 32, it is to avoid pyrocarbon and air contact and Burn.Afterwards the 4th push-pull valve 13 is opened, and straw charcoal enters discharging spiral conveyor 14, is transported in straw charcoal storage tank and is protected Deposit standby.

Cracking gas from kiln tail cracking feed channel out, is first into condenser 18 under the traction of the first air-introduced machine 15 In.Condenser 18 is that, by the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of tens tubule Shu Zucheng, wherein tube side is made in cracking leave with rage, cooling water walks shell side. Condenser 18 is vertically-mounted, and when cracking oil gas enters fashionable from bottom, cracked oil condenses in the cold inside pipe wall, gathers under gravity Collect at the lower part outlet of condenser 18.The lower part outlet of condenser 18 makes condensation of oil using ball valve control, ball valve in normally open Flow out, in focusing on cracked oil collecting vessel.The mouth of pipe is extend into below the pasta of collecting vessel, can be used as oil sealing.

From the cracking gas out of condenser 18 through condensation, itself has become relatively dry.Contain some in cracking gas Combustible component H₂、CO、CH₄And C₂、C₃Etc. many carbon hydrocarbon gas, therefore high temperature hot-blast furnace 10 is passed directly into by pipeline It is interior, you can burning.In order to cracking gas stably burns, pressure maintaining valve is installed before air inlet.Gas after cracking is rotary kiln intensification Flue gas purification system is entered after energy supply.

(5) the gas cleaning stage：When air stove 10 high-temperature flue gas from the first rotary kiln out after, be first into waste heat Retracting device, i.e. drying unit 23, low temperature exhaust heat can be used for dry feedstock.Afterwards, flue gas purification system is entered back into.Gas cleaning System includes sack cleaner 25, scrubbing tower 26 and activated coke adsorption tower 28, using mature equipment on market, herein Not superfluous words.It is noted that in running, because flue gas needs to overcome the waterpower of the pressure of sack cleaner 25, scrubbing tower 26 Pressure drag and along journey and the local resistance of ducting, must supporting second air-introduced machine 26.Sack cleaner 25 adopts PTFE filter bags, before and after making Pressure reduction is maintained within 1000Pa, using pulse dust cleaning mode.Scrubbing tower 26, as plumper, protects solution in tower using Caustic soda It is 7 or so to hold in pH value, and opens internal circulation pump, solution is fully stirred, and improves deacidification effect.In activated coke adsorption tower 28 Activated coke can also supplement the homemade bamboo charcoal in part, Linesless charcoal etc., to realize resource using brown coal activated coke conventional on the market Make full use of.

Embodiment 2:

As a example by the present embodiment is to crack chicken manure.

The present embodiment adopts cracking technology and equipment same as Example 1, the mainly difference of raw material.Chicken manure compares straw Stalk, every characteristic is different.Firstly the need of chicken manure drying property is noted, chicken manure fully should be done naturally before into the system It is dry, the drying energy consumption before cracking on the one hand can be reduced, on the other hand can also reduce stink, convenient pack transport.Dried chicken After excrement is fully crushed into pulverizer 22, fully it is dried again in drying unit 23.In order to reduce the diffusion of stink, in drying dress The supporting 3rd air-introduced machine (not shown) in 23 exits is put, stink can be evacuated in air stove 10 as First air.Dried chicken Excrement granule rollability is higher, therefore, the conveyer of feeding more preferably adopts drag conveyor.Cattle manure, the process of pig manure with it is such Seemingly, not superfluous words.

Embodiment 3

As a example by the present embodiment is to crack wood flour.

Wood flour light weight, free from extraneous odour, and it is easily broken, therefore it is easier to pretreatment compared with straw.Still should be noted and wood flour is tried one's best It is broken complete, it is to avoid it puts up a bridge and difficult blanking in hopper.Because of its light weight, the air quantity of cracking gas air-introduced machine can not be too big, prevents Only wood flour also unreacted is fully drawn to kiln tail unheated zone.

Embodiment 4

As a example by the present embodiment is to crack branch.

Branch needs fully to crush, and prevents from putting up a bridge or the card machine in conveying worm.

In order to further illustrate this Technology, quote design parameter and be illustrated.Carrying out practically case is by taking wood flour as an example Make calculation specifications.

Although this utility model is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, so it is not limited to this utility model, any Those skilled in the art, in without departing from spirit and scope of the present utility model, when a little modification and perfect, therefore this can be made The protection domain of utility model is when by being defined that claims are defined.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of preparation system of charcoal, it is characterised in that including pulverizer, drying unit, charging gear and pyrolysis furnace, institute Pulverizer is stated including material inlet and outlet, the outlet of the pulverizer is positioned at the top of feeder, the outlet of the feeder It is connected with the entrance of the drying unit, the outlet of drying unit lower section is provided with conveyer, the one of the conveyer Positioned at the lower section of drying unit outlet, the other end of the conveyer is located at the top of the charging gear hopper port at end, The outlet of the charging gear is connected with the entrance of the pyrolysis furnace.

2. preparation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the pulverizer is jaw crusher, the conveyer For belt conveyor or template conveyer is scraped, the feeder is screw(-type) feeder；The charging gear include the first hopper, the Two hoppers and feeding spiral conveyer, first hopper and the second hopper are arranged above and below, and the exit of first hopper sets Be equipped with the first push-pull valve, the exit of second hopper is provided with the second push-pull valve, the outlet of second hopper with it is described The entrance of feeding spiral conveyer is connected, and the outlet of the feeding spiral conveyer is connected with the entrance of the pyrolysis furnace.

3. preparation system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that first push-pull valve and the second push-pull valve are inserted for pneumatic Plate valve, is connected with air compressor, and electrically connects with the first Pneumatic control module and the second Pneumatic control module respectively, described One Pneumatic control module is used for being turned on and off for the first push-pull valve of control, and second Pneumatic control module is used for control second Push-pull valve is turned on and off.

4. preparation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the pyrolysis furnace is the first rotary kiln, including rotary kiln Main body and the actuating device being arranged on outside the rotary kiln main body, external heat chamber, front tugboat and rear tugboat, the front tugboat and Afterwards tugboat is separately positioned at the two ends proximal port of the rotary kiln main body, and the actuating device is arranged on the inner side of front tugboat, The external heat chamber is arranged between actuating device and rear tugboat.

5. preparation system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the outlet of first rotary kiln is connected to condensation Device and drawing mechanism, the drawing mechanism include the 3rd hopper, the 4th hopper and discharging spiral conveyor, the 3rd hopper and 4th hopper is arranged above and below, and the discharge outlet of first rotary kiln is provided with the 3rd push-pull valve, the outlet of the 3rd hopper Place is provided with the 4th push-pull valve, and the outlet of the 4th hopper is connected with the entrance of the feeding spiral conveyer, and the described 3rd The entrance of hopper is located at the outlet lower section of first rotary kiln.

6. preparation system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the upper end of the condenser is by pipeline and the first air inducing Machine be connected, the outlet of first air-introduced machine is connected by pipeline with air stove, the air stove pass through three-way connection (pipe) road respectively with The connection of the front portion of the external heat cavity, middle part and rear portion, the front portion in the external heat chamber, middle part, rear portion are separately installed with heat Galvanic couple；The air stove is connected with burner.

7. preparation system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the drying unit is the second rotary kiln, described second The outside of rotary kiln is provided with heat-insulated cavity, and the flue on the external heat chamber of first rotary kiln passes through described second time It is sequentially connected with sack cleaner, scrubbing tower and activated coke adsorption tower after the heat-insulated cavity of rotary kiln；The sack cleaner and wash Wash and be connected between tower the second air-introduced machine；The drying unit outlet is provided with the 3rd air-introduced machine, and the 3rd air-introduced machine passes through Pipeline is connected with the air stove, used as burning First air.