CN204804040U - 建筑***、楼面组件及屋顶组件 - Google Patents

建筑***、楼面组件及屋顶组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN204804040U
CN204804040U CN201390000575.2U CN201390000575U CN204804040U CN 204804040 U CN204804040 U CN 204804040U CN 201390000575 U CN201390000575 U CN 201390000575U CN 204804040 U CN204804040 U CN 204804040U
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China
Prior art keywords
panelling
rest
connector
bracket
building system
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201390000575.2U
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English (en)
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D·皮得考克
C·皮得考克
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TRUSTEE FOR HOUSE OF PARTS TRUST TRADING AS HOUSE OF PARTS Pty Ltd
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TRUSTEE FOR HOUSE OF PARTS TRUST TRADING AS HOUSE OF PARTS Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2012902712A external-priority patent/AU2012902712A0/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34326—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by longitudinal elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34384—Assembling details for foldable, separable, collapsible or retractable structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6145—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element
    • E04B1/6162—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element the connection made by an additional locking key
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6179—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with protrusions and recesses on each frontal surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
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    • E04—BUILDING
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    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/04—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs supported by horizontal beams or the equivalent resting on the walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
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    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
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    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/185—Connections not covered by E04B1/21 and E04B1/2403, e.g. connections between structural parts of different material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34317—Set of building elements forming a self-contained package for transport before assembly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
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    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/004—Sealing; Insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/005—Set screws; Locking means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0056—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels or the interlocking key perpendicular to the main plane
    • F16B5/0076—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels or the interlocking key perpendicular to the main plane and using expanding clamps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型公开一种建筑***、楼面组件及屋顶组件，所述建筑***包括具有侧面构件的模块化镶板，所述侧面构件中的至少一个具有用于与相邻结构的对应成形固定部进行钩挂连接的相关联连接头，所述连接头和固定部适于由锁定装置而保持在一起，在接合时，所述锁定装置用于将所述结构和所述侧面构件锁定在一起，并且在脱离时，所述锁定装置允许所述镶板与结构之间的活动，以便使所述镶板从所述结构松脱。

Description

建筑***、楼面组件及屋顶组件
实用新型领域
本实用新型涉及一种尤其但不唯一地用于模块化建筑的建筑***。
实用新型目标
本实用新型试图提供一种易于构造和组装的建筑***。
实用新型概述
在一个广义形式中，提供一种建筑***，其包括具有侧面构件的模块化镶板，所述侧面构件中的至少一个具有与相邻结构的对应成形固定部进行钩挂连接的相关联连接头，所述连接头和固定部适于由锁定装置而保持在一起，在接合时，所述锁定装置用于将所述结构和所述侧面构件锁定在一起，并且在脱离时，所述锁定装置允许所述镶板与结构之间的活动，从而使所述镶板从所述结构松脱。
优选地，所述连接头被配置来通过使框架相对于所述结构进行枢转的动作来从与所述固定部的所述钩挂连接中分离。
优选地，所述镶板包括由头部、所述两个侧面构件和底脚所形成的框架，其中所述侧面构件和底脚中界定有空隙，并且可移除盖件被装配在所述底脚中的所述空隙上方。优选地，所述空隙由通孔互连，从而允许如水管的管道或电缆或类似物的通过。
优选地，所述镶板呈壁镶板形式，所述壁镶板形成有内部隔室以用于接收绝缘材料和/或管道。
优选地，两个侧面构件都具备连接头，以用于与所述框架任一侧面的对应结构进行连接。
优选地，所述侧面构件被配置来在所述框架和相邻结构之间界定用以容纳配件的间隙，所述配件被布置来从所述镶板组件突出。
优选地，所述间隙被设计来接收材料条带，从而在所述锁定装置到位并且接合时来密封所述间隙。
优选地，所述***包括多个镶板和支撑支柱，每一个镶板具有相应侧面构件，所述侧面构件具有相关联连接头，并且与呈相邻镶板或相邻支柱形式的相邻结构进行互连，其中所述镶板适于独立于相邻镶板或支柱而单独地安装或移除。
优选地，所述镶板是壁镶板、门镶板、窗户镶板或百叶窗镶板中一种或多种的组合。
优选地，所述***包括楼面组件和屋顶组件，如以下所述。
在一个广义形式中，提供一种由与支托互连的一系列支腿形成的楼面组件，每一个支托的末端相对于相关联支腿由托架进行耦接，所述托架被固定到由相应支腿加以支撑的所述支柱基座，其中所述支托形成有敞开箱型截面(openboxsection)，并且每一个托架具有连接头以用于与所述基座的互补固定部进行钩挂连接。
优选地，所述支托在每一个末端处具有切口，所述切口允许所述支托降低到所述相关联托架上方的适当位置上，从而适合于使所述支托和托架中的预成型孔对准以用于接收紧固件。
优选地，所述楼面组件包括在所述支托中的两个支托之间延伸的一系列托梁，每一个托梁的末端通过末端附接件连接到相应支托，其中所述末端附接件包括凸轮板，所述凸轮板通过如下方式来安装：使所述凸轮板旋转到所述支托的所述箱型截面中，直到所述板在所述敞开箱型截面的顶部和底部凸缘后方锁定到所述支托。
优选地，所述支托具有装配到所述敞开箱型截面顶部的木材***件。优选地，所述末端附接件通过紧固件固定到所述木材***件。
优选地，所述楼面组件包括楼面表面，所述楼面表面被安装在所述托梁和支托上并且紧固到所述木材***件。
在另一广义形式中，提供一种屋顶组件，其包括与横梁互连的一系列支柱，每一个横梁的末端通过托架附接到相关联支柱，所述托架固定到所述相应支柱，其中所述横梁形成有敞开箱形结构来接收管道或类似物，并且每一个托架形成有开口，所述开口与所述相关联支柱中的对齐孔口连通，从而允许所述管道或类似物穿过所述箱型截面与所述柱形物的内部之间。
优选地，每一个托架具有连接头以用于与所述柱形物的互补固定部进行钩挂连接。
优选地，所述横梁在每一个末端处具有切口，所述切口允许所述横梁降低到所述相关联托架上方的适当位置中，从而适合于使所述横梁和托架中的预成型孔对准以用于接收紧固件。
优选地，所述横梁具有装配到所述敞开箱型截面顶部的木材***件。
优选地，所述屋顶组件包括安装在所述横梁上的屋顶结构。
附图简述
参考附图仅以非限制性实例来描述本实用新型，附图中：
图1为构造设备的局部透视图；
图2为具有附接支托的支腿与支柱基座的透视图；
图3a为托架的平面图；
图3b为托架的前视图；
图3c为托架的侧视图；
图3d为托架的透视图；
图4a为支托的侧视图；
图4b为支托的局部透视图；
图4c为支托的端视图；
图4d为支托的底视图；
图5为具有附接支托和托梁的支柱基座的透视图；
图6a为附接件的后视图；
图6b为附接件的侧视图；
图6c为附接件的后部透视图；
图7为屋顶结构和支撑梁的透视图；
图8a为支柱的平面图；
图8b和图8c为支柱的侧视图；
图8d为支柱的透视图；
图9为模块化镶板的分解图；
图10为示出两个镶板之间连接的截面图；
图11示出镶板的分离；
图12示出镶板中的一个从另一镶板松脱；
图13为示出用来将镶板锁定在一起的装置的***的透视图；
图14示出已安装锁定装置；
图15a为锁定装置中的一个的分解横截面；
图15b为锁定装置的透视图；
图16示出具有密封条带的已安装锁定装置；
图17为图9的模块化镶板的基座的局部截面图；
图18为肋状楼面板的端视图；
图19a为条带的端视图；
图19b为条带的透视图；
图20为建筑组件的另一实例的平面图；
图21为呈门形式的模块化镶板的分解透视图；以及
图22为百叶窗式模块化镶板的分解透视图。
实用新型详述
首先参看图1，建筑组件1被展示为包括楼面组件2、模块化镶板3和屋顶组件4。所示出的镶板3呈壁镶板5、门镶板6或百叶窗镶板7的形式，然而这些镶板或其它合适设计的镶板的任何其它组合也是可以容许的。
楼面组件2由具有互连支托11和托梁12的一系列支腿10而形成，楼面表面13安装在所述支腿10上。支腿10支撑向上延伸到屋顶组件4的支柱14，从而支撑顶梁15，所述顶梁15继而支撑屋顶16或上层楼面(overheadfloor)。
支腿10优选地具有高度可调式基座板(未示出)，其允许支腿定位在预备地基顶部上，然后进行调整而达到适当校平。基座板可以预先钻孔来收纳化学锚栓，所述化学锚栓在后一阶段进行安装来相对于地基设定支腿。
托架20(如图3中更详细所示)展示为从支柱14中的一个突出，并且这种形式的托架是用来将所有横梁15和支托11互连到相应支柱14。
现在参看图2，支腿10中的一个展示为支撑相关联支柱14的基座18。或者，基座18可以呈连结到上述支柱14的套筒形式。在任一种情况下，基座18都通过紧固件21来使支托11与其连接，所述紧固件21穿过与下层托架20中的孔对齐的预成型孔22。
图3中示出连接托架20。图3a为托架20的平面图，所述托架20为U形并且具有两个平行叶片23和桥接区段24，所述桥接区段24具有钩状连接头25，以便与支柱14上的对应固定部30连接。在图3b中，桥接区段24被展示为包括安装孔口26和中心开口27。在图3c中，叶片23被示出为具有与支托11中的孔22相匹配的孔28的阵列。图3d展示托架20的透视图。如可以看到的，安装孔口26穿过桥接区段24以及连接头25。
在使用中，通过将连接头25钩挂在固定部30中来将安装托架20安装到支柱。然后，托架20可以借助螺栓来紧固到位，所述螺栓通过安装孔口26来固定。
参看图4a，支托11具有以侧面轮廓来展示的复合箱型截面。连接孔22提供在任一末端31处。顶部凸缘32和底部凸缘33沿着支托11的长度方向延伸。在图4b中，支托11展示为具有敞开箱型截面，其末端31处存在切口34。图4c为端视图，其示出敞开箱型截面在支托11的整个长度上为恒定轮廓，而图4d展示切口34是形成在支托11的两个末端31中。
支托11的末端31处的切口34允许支托11下降到相关联托架20上并且支撑到位，同时紧固件被用来将支托11紧固到托架20。
现在参看图5，木材***件35被装配到支托11的顶部，并且其它紧固件36被用来将附接件37固定到木材***件35，以便提供对相应木材托梁12的安装，所述托梁12继而通过螺钉来附接到附接件37。
如果要被提供在潮湿区域，那么处在潮湿区域的楼面托梁12比楼面托梁中的其余托梁处于更低的水平面上，从而允许安装下降浴室楼面(未示出)。
图6a和图6b中展示附接件37中的一个的后视图。附接件37具有主板38和凸轮板39，所示凸轮板39具有两个沿直径相对的弯曲表面40和邻接平坦表面41。在图6c的透视图中，可以看出凸轮板39具有外展轮廓42。在使用附接件37时，外展轮廓42在侧向方位上***到支托11中，并且进行旋转来使得弯曲表面40分别接合上凸缘32和下凸缘33的后侧，直到平坦表面41与凸缘32、33相连接。借助平坦表面41与凸缘32、33的接合而防止进一步旋转，这时，可以利用紧固件将附接件固定到位。通过使附接件37在顺时针方向上面向支托11进行旋转，所示出的附接件得以旋转到锁定位置中。第二附接件将被用来将托梁12附接到相对支托，并且这个第二附接件也将被顺时针旋转来将附接件安装到相对支托。这样获得如下结果：一旦附接件被安装，在托梁12的每一个末端处的两个附接件便会彼此相对作用，从而进一步防止意外的未锁定旋转。
返回参看图1，横梁15展示为连接到支柱14的上端43。与支托11一样，横梁15也通过固件来安装在相关联托架20上，所述紧固件在楼面组件2上方约2.7米的高度处将横梁15连接到下层托架20。如果支柱14继续高于2.7米，那么可以再向上附接第二托架。横梁15也具有切口，其允许横梁15定位在相关联托架20上，同时紧固件将横梁15紧固到位。中心开口27与形成于支柱14中的孔口的对齐提供出入通路(accessway)以供管道(未示出)(如电缆或类似物)自由穿过横梁15与支柱14的内部之间开口。因而，管道可以沿横梁15在由横梁的敞开箱型截面所界定的空隙中上下穿行，以及在需要时在支柱14的内部穿行。可以提供可移除侧面盖板来封闭横梁的空隙。
如图7中所示，木材***件44被装配到每一个横梁15的顶部，并且这会支撑屋顶结构45，所述屋顶结构45可以通过钉子46来紧固到横梁15。如果需要，那么屋顶结构45可以由复合材料(如绝缘材料)进行预制和成型。屋顶结构45可以利用专用固定件和专用密封件进行固定，并且使用专用防水装备和排水槽加以整饰。如果***1的设计包括倾斜棚屋屋顶，那么构成倾斜区段的倾斜复合镶板可以替代地装配到横梁15的木材***件44，从而形成屋顶的斜坡。这些倾斜复合镶板在顶部边缘中具有通道形状，其允许以与装配到横梁15的***件相类似的方式来装配木材***件44。
现在参看图8a，支柱14被展示为具有中心空隙46和在周边上的多个固定部30。固定部30具有钩状形状以便匹配连接头25的构造。在这个实例中，支柱14提供三个彼此成直角的相邻固定部30。然而，支柱14可以在需要时形成有四个固定部或替代地更少的固定部。支柱还在固定部30的任一侧面上具有侧向突起47，其具有往回面向相应固定部30的回向边缘48，从而界定空隙49。如在图8b至图8d中所看到的，边缘48和固定部30在支柱的长度上延伸。
现在参看图9，模块化镶板3以壁镶板50的形式示出，其具有位于框架52内的主体51，所述框架52由头部53、壁脚板底脚(skirtingfooting)54和互连侧面构件56而形成。每一个侧面构件56具有连接头25，其沿侧面构件56的长度方向向下延伸。头部53由内壳体57和外壳体58形成，所述壳体57、58横跨镶板50的顶部进行连接。一系列开口59沿着头部53的长度提供，这些开口与底脚54中的对应开口60对齐。开口59、60允许呈电线或网状管路(未示出)形式的管道穿行穿过头部53、穿入镶板50的内部并进入到底脚54中。
底脚54呈敞开通道61的形式，所述敞开通道61界定空隙62来接收管道，并且允许所述管道穿过侧面构件56中的开口63，以便于进入相邻结构中，如相邻镶板组件中。壁脚板盖板可以装配在通道61上方，以便封闭空隙62。
镶板50的主体51划分为五个同等大小的隔室64，并且每一个隔室64适于承载穿过镶板50的管道(如管路或缆线)，并利用它们之间的气隙/出入通路来接收隔离件65，从而增强镶板50的热特性。
现在参看图10，镶板50被展示为借助以钩挂关系进行互连的相应连接头25来连接到呈另一模块化镶板50形式的相邻结构66。应注意，每一个框架52的侧面构件56具有布置在侧面构件56中心处的连接头25，其中空隙70通过突起67而界定于连接头的任一侧上，所述突起67具有面向连接头25的回向边缘68。应注意，与每一个侧面构件56相相关联的连接头25和突起67的构造与提供在上文所述的支柱上的构造是相同的。因此，邻接结构可取而代之为支柱14，而连接头25则会与支柱的固定部30相连接。
为了分离镶板50，将镶板50中一个相对于另一个进行枢转，以便与连接头25断开，如图11中所示。镶板中的一个进一步旋转到图12所示的相对位置上，这样允许镶板50彼此松脱。
当镶板50闭合在一起以使得连接头25互连时，可将如图13中所示的锁定装置71放入界定于两个镶板50之间的空隙70中。如图14中所示，装置71呈膨胀件72的形式，所述膨胀件72通过锁匙件73接合，从而推抵侧面构件56并且迫使连接头25锁定在一起。
图15中更为详细地展示锁定装置71中的一个。所述装置包括挡块74，其具有用于以螺纹连接方式接收销钉76的通孔75。弹性带77绕挡块74的尺寸减小部分78装配，所述弹性带77具有支臂79，其沿锥形坡面80向内扣紧。带77为销钉76提供承载表面81。在操作中，锁匙件73用来将销钉76绕拧到挡块74中，直到带77接合并且迫使其离开挡块74，从而使支臂79沿着坡面80扩展。支臂79的扩展迫使侧面构件56分开，从而使得承载表面81和带77被推离挡块74并且推抵连接头的后部表面，进而将连接头25锁定在一起。挡块74可替代地被配置成使得带77装配在与所示方位成90°的方位上，以便支臂79的向外移动不会受到相关联侧面构件56的相对壁的阻碍
参看图16，一旦锁定装置71到位，材料条带82(如胶化垫片)就可以在镶板50之间利用特制工具***到间隙83中，并且定位在凹部84中，从而提供不受天气影响的密封。还可以通过使固定部安装成穿过间隙83并安装在空隙70中来利用间隙83将固定部安装到镶板。此类固定部可以包括内部架式或柜式附接件、包层、壁覆盖件或外部遮阳篷。图画固定槽也可以提供在镶板50的顶部上，从而允许沿着壁镶板来安装图画悬挂夹具。
现在参看图17，展示镶板50的下区段85，其具有处于适当位置的壁脚板盖件89。侧面构件56和通道61具有相应开口86、87，从而确保管道可以沿着镶板50的周边自由穿过。底脚54也被清晰地展示为包括肋状轮廓88，其允许镶板50位于相对于楼面组件2的预定位置中，以便与支柱14对齐。
图18展示具有对应轮廓的肋状楼面板90。楼面板90在使用中会以与支柱14对准的方式定位于楼面组件2上以便定位并对齐镶板50。为了将镶板50连接到相邻结构(如支柱14中的一个支柱或者相邻镶板50)，镶板50需要枢转到适当位置中，从而使得连接头25可以与支柱14的对应固定部或另一镶板50的对应钩挂连接头25相接合。随着镶板50进行枢转，底脚54升起到楼面板90上方，并且随后在楼面板90和底脚54的轮廓彼此对准时，就落到适当位置中。然后，镶板50可以通过将螺钉穿过底脚54中的预钻孔进行固定来固定到楼面组件2。
随着镶板50落到楼面板90上，在镶板50的顶部上、在屋顶组件4的横梁15与镶板50的头部53之间会产生空间。这个空间可以填充有预定大小的T形截面条带91，如图19中所展示，所述T形截面条带91使用适当的张紧螺钉来紧固到位。
现在参看图20，建筑***1以平面图示出。***1划分为同等网格区段，如虚线92所指示。每条虚线92指示镶板50中的每一个的侧面构件54的位置。因此，整个***1优选地呈网格类结构，其中模块化镶板50中的每一个具有大致上约1000mm的宽度。如图所示，网格内的镶板50直接连接到支柱14或者连接到相邻镶板50。根据需要，可以通过移除相关锁定装置71并将镶板50枢转来与其它镶板错开，从而轻易地置换出每一个镶板50，便于进行移除。
上文所述的镶板50呈现完全闭合壁镶板5的形式。然而，其它形式的镶板也可以根据需要装配到***1中。举例而言，图21示出模块化全长门镶板93，其中全高度门94装配到框架95中，而图22示出百叶窗镶板7。或者，可以采用在框架中载有滑动门或双开门的镶板组件配置(未示出)，其中所述框架占据上述模块化镶板50中的两个镶板的空间，但是仍然适合于与相邻镶板或支柱进行连接。
在任一种情况下，应了解的是，***1包括呈托架、支柱、支托、横梁和镶板组件形式的广泛制造和预加工建筑元件和模块化部件。这些建筑元件可以特别针对所述***1进行定制，并且可以按照与所述建筑元件相容的格式来设计建筑项目。
各元件可以包装到项目批材中，并且交付到建筑工地。在完成各种工地作业(包括地基和地下设施)之后，就将建筑元件现场组装来建立所设计的建筑。
所述组装过程涉及到利用专用连接器、夹具和配件以及预钻孔，来将预定大小的建筑元件连接在一起。
完成建筑过程后，就会安装电气、通信、管道和排水设施。可移除的出入口镶板以及模块化镶板和横梁内的一系列整合的出入通路和空隙都允许在建筑完工之后执行这项工作。
更具体来说，可移除横梁和空隙盖件允许使用互连管道、索道和出入空隙的完整网络，从而使得可以在建筑阶段完工之后一次性安装完整的电气、通信和管道网状网络，而无需在构造阶段中存在许多安装阶段。每一个横梁是中空的，其中出入孔切入到横梁的网状结构中。通孔在横梁水平面上切入到每一个支柱中，从而允许线缆或管路穿过。如上文所述，壁镶板形成有隔室，其从上到下接收绝缘材料层。隔室与镶板头部中的以及壁脚板底脚中的出入孔相对准。隔室允许线缆或管道(如管路)穿过。这为在导管踢脚上且沿着导管踢脚进行布线提供许多选择，便于在导管踢脚的面部中安装电力点或者其它插座或连接点。这些隔室还允许连接点存在于镶板组件面部上、内部或外部的任何地方。这种接入还允许在任何时候对设施进行迅速整改或添加，而不会损坏竣工表面。
***的设计允许移除和更换某些建筑元件和模块化镶板，从而有利于建筑的扩大或缩小以及任何建筑元件的全部或部分的重新配置或拆卸和再利用。
此外，所述***中尽可能多的元件都旨在通过拉挤成型工艺来制作，这意味着所述元件可以便宜且有效地制造。
然后，应了解，所述构造***，特别是应用到建筑时，会从由标准组合式预定形、预钻孔和预整饰部件而形成的各种元件中实现相应优势。这些部件大部分可以使用拉挤成型工艺来大规模生产。所述部件可以按照众多不同配置来组装，因而产生广泛的、具有变化设计和大小的单层和多层建筑，来针对许多不同用途。
建筑可以利用最少量的设备和熟练工人进行组装。所有连接都是通过在预钻孔中使用螺栓或螺钉，或者使用专用固定件。在组装过程中不需要切割或精整。所有设施都是在构造完工之后装配，并且可以在任何阶段进行整改。各种橱柜和窗户以及门都可以并入到所述***中。建筑可以重新配置或拆卸以及重复再利用。壁模块可以移除和重新配置，而不会干扰到相邻模块、支柱或其它建筑元件。所有部件都设计为轻量型的，从而不需要重型举升设备。所有部件都可以集装箱化，而在世界范围内便宜地进行运输。耐用的复合材料确保极长的使用寿命。部件在现场的制造方法和单独交付确保可以减少浪费、增加工人安全性，并且减少车辆通行。
尽管已经参看建筑***来描述本实用新型，但是所述模块化镶板也会应用于镶板可以独立于相邻镶板而进行置换的任何其它形式的构造中。
只通过非限制性实例来描述本实用新型，并且可以在不背离本实用新型精神和范围的情况下，对本实用新型做出许多修改和变化。
部件列表
1.建筑组件
2.楼面组件
3.模块化镶板
4.屋顶组件
5.壁镶板
6.门镶板
7.窗户镶板
8.
9.
10.支腿
11.支托
12.托梁
13.楼面表面
14.支柱
15.横梁
16.屋顶
17.
18.基座
19.
20.托架
21.紧固件
22.孔
23.叶片
24.桥接区段
25.连接头
26.孔口
27.开口
28.孔
29.
30.固定部
31.末端
32.顶部凸缘
33.底部凸缘
34.切口
35.木材***件
36.紧固件
37.附接件
38.主板
39.凸轮板
40.弯曲表面
41.平坦表面
42.外展轮廓
43.上端
44.木材***件
45.屋顶结构
46.中心空隙
47.突起
48.边缘
49.空隙
50.壁镶板
51.主体
52.框架
53.头部
54.壁脚板底脚
55.
56.侧面构件
57.内壳体
58.外壳体
59.开口
60.开口
61.通道
62.空隙
63.开口
64.隔室
65.隔离件
66.结构
67.突起
68.
69.
70.空隙
71.锁定装置
72.膨胀件
73.锁匙件
74.挡块
75.镗孔
76.销钉
77.带
78.部分
79.支臂
80.坡面
81.承载表面
82.条带
83.间隙
84.凹部
85.下区段
86.开口
87.开口
88.肋状轮廓
89.盖件
90.楼镶板
91.条带
92.虚线
93.门镶板
94.门
95.框架

Claims (20)

1.一种建筑***，所述建筑***包括具有侧面构件的模块化镶板，所述侧面构件中的至少一个具有沿所述侧面构件的纵向延伸的相关联连接头，所述相关联连接头用于与相邻结构的对应成形固定部进行钩挂连接，其中所述连接头从所述侧面构件向外突出，以便在所述连接头的任一侧界定空隙以用于接收相应膨胀件，在接合时，所述膨胀件用于将所述连接头与固定部一起推动，从而将所述结构锁定到所述侧面构件，并且在脱离时，所述膨胀件允许所述镶板与结构之间的活动，以便使所述镶板从所述结构松脱。
2.如权利要求1所述的建筑***，其中所述连接头被配置来通过使所述镶板相对于所述结构进行枢转的动作来从与所述固定部的所述钩挂连接中分离。
3.如权利要求1所述的建筑***，其中所述镶板包括由头部、所述两个侧面构件和底脚所形成的框架，其中可移除盖件被装配在所述底脚中的空隙上方，其中所述连接头的任一侧的所述空隙和所述底脚中的所述空隙由通孔互连，从而允许管道或电缆的通过。
4.如权利要求1所述的建筑***，其中所述镶板呈壁镶板形式，所述壁镶板形成有内部隔室以用于接收绝缘材料和/或管道。
5.如权利要求1所述的建筑***，其中两个所述侧面构件都具备连接头，以用于与所述镶板任一侧面的对应结构进行连接。
6.如权利要求5所述的建筑***，其中所述侧面构件被配置来在所述镶板和相邻结构之间界定用以容纳配件的间隙，所述配件被布置来从所述镶板组件突出。
7.如权利要求6所述的建筑***，其中所述间隙被设计来接收材料条带，从而在所述膨胀件到位并且接合时来密封所述间隙。
8.如权利要求7所述的建筑***，其中所述***包括多个镶板和支撑支柱，每一个镶板具有相应侧面构件，所述侧面构件具有相关联连接头，并且与呈相邻镶板或相邻支柱形式的相邻结构进行互连，其中所述镶板适于独立于相邻镶板或支柱而单独地安装或移除。
9.如权利要求8所述的建筑***，其中所述镶板是壁镶板、门镶板、窗户镶板或百叶窗镶板中一种或多种的组合。
10.如权利要求1所述的建筑***，其还包括楼面组件和屋顶组件。
11.一种楼面组件，所述楼面组件由与支托互连的一系列支腿形成，每一个支托的末端相对于相关联支腿由托架进行耦接，所述托架被固定到由相应支腿加以支撑的支柱基座，其中：
所述支托形成有敞开箱型截面，并且每一个托架具有连接头以用于与所述基座的互补固定部进行钩挂连接；
所述支托在每一个末端处具有切口，所述切口允许所述支托降低到所述相关联托架上方的适当位置上，从而适合于使所述支托和托架中的预成型孔对准以用于接收紧固件；
所述组件还包括在所述支托中的两个支托之间延伸的一系列托梁，每一个托梁的末端通过末端附接件连接到所述相应支托，其中所述末端附接件包括凸轮板，所述凸轮板通过如下方式来安装：使所述凸轮板旋转到所述支托的所述敞开箱型截面中，直到所述板在所述敞开箱型截面的顶部凸缘和底部凸缘后方锁定到所述支托；并且其中
每一个凸轮板允许单向旋转来进行安装，以便随后锁定以防止进一步旋转，并且所述相关联托梁的每一个末端处的所述凸轮板彼此相对作用，借以紧固所述托梁以防止意外的未锁定旋转。
12.如权利要求11所述的楼面组件，其中所述支托具有装配到所述敞开箱型截面顶部的木材***件。
13.如权利要求12所述的楼面组件，其中所述末端附接件通过紧固件固定到所述木材***件。
14.如权利要求13所述的楼面组件，其还包括楼面表面，所述楼面表面被安装在所述托梁和支托上并且紧固到所述木材***件。
15.一种屋顶组件，所述屋顶组件包括与横梁互连的一系列支柱，每一个横梁的末端通过托架附接到相关联支柱，所述托架固定到所述相应支柱，其中所述横梁形成有敞开箱型截面来接收管道，并且每一个托架形成有开口，所述开口与所述相关联支柱中的对齐孔口连通，从而允许所述管道穿过所述敞开箱型截面和柱形物的内部之间。
16.如权利要求15所述的屋顶组件，其中每一个托架具有连接头以用于与所述柱形物的互补固定部进行钩挂连接。
17.如权利要求15所述的屋顶组件，其中所述横梁在每一个末端上具有切口，所述切口允许所述横梁降低到所述相关联托架上方的适当位置上，从而适合于使所述横梁和托架中的预成型孔对准以用于接收紧固件。
18.如权利要求15所述的屋顶组件，其中所述横梁具有装配到所述敞开箱型截面的顶部的木材***件。
19.如权利要求15所述的屋顶组件，其还包括安装在所述横梁上的屋顶结构。
20.如权利要求1所述的建筑***，其包括如权利要求11所述的楼面组件和如权利要求15所述的屋顶组件。
CN201390000575.2U 2012-06-26 2013-06-06 建筑***、楼面组件及屋顶组件 Expired - Fee Related CN204804040U (zh)

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EP2864556A1 (en) 2015-04-29
US9828761B2 (en) 2017-11-28
AU2013284328A1 (en) 2015-01-22
EP2864556B1 (en) 2017-11-29
US20150191905A1 (en) 2015-07-09
NZ703349A (en) 2017-03-31
JP2015525837A (ja) 2015-09-07
CA2877750A1 (en) 2014-01-03
AU2013284328B2 (en) 2017-04-27
WO2014000019A1 (en) 2014-01-03

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