CN204492833U - A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure - Google Patents
A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN204492833U CN204492833U CN201520130721.4U CN201520130721U CN204492833U CN 204492833 U CN204492833 U CN 204492833U CN 201520130721 U CN201520130721 U CN 201520130721U CN 204492833 U CN204492833 U CN 204492833U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- damping
- vibration
- bed course
- track traffic
- rail
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure, it different glue kind or other chemical materials with damping property are made different thickness, is had the vibration damping bed course of different damping elastomer rigidity, by this vibration damping bed course parcel or adopt vibration damping mat surface projection is set or/and be provided with half round pool and shield duct piece or station to be cast in running tunnel structural concrete together with mode be attached to track traffic underground concrete structure external surface and form quality spring damping system, the damping elastomer rigidity of this damping system is determined by design as required.The beneficial effects of the utility model are: this oscillation damping method structure is simple, are very easy to realize, greatly reduce operation.Particularly interval, current track traffic underground is shield structure structure substantially, by vibration damping bed course and shield duct piece integrated prefabricated in the factory, improve precision, be beneficial to especially and ensure the quality of products.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to urban rail transit technology field, is a kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure.
Background technology
At present, along with the continuous expansion with city size that develops rapidly of modern industry, track traffic is large with its freight volume, speed is fast, safe and reliable, environmental pollution is little, do not take the advantages such as ground level road, becomes one of means of a kind of most effective means alleviating urban traffic congestion and decreasing pollution.But Rail Transit System due to the shock of wheel and rail, produces shock wave and noise in driving process.Shock wave will be propagated in track, tunnel, soil layer and above ground structure, produce and will vibrate accordingly, cause very adverse effect to surrounding environment.
In order to eliminate vibration that urban track traffic causes, noise, noise reduction technology is applied to some extent in city rail construction in recent years, and urban track traffic vibration damping track comprises the various ways such as Damping fastening, elastic sleeper, rest pad, ladder-type sleepers, floating plate.The realization of above orbital fashion damping property is all by arranging damper mechanism at track component locations, if elastic sleeper (point short pillow and bolster) is exactly lay cushion blocking layer to realize vibration-damping function under pillow.Difference is mainly that the aspects such as damper mechanism setting position, performance parameter are different, thus produces different effectiveness in vibration suppression.
Vibration damping in urban track traffic mainly divides three grades, is respectively medium vibration damping (effectiveness in vibration suppression is generally less than 5dB), high vibration damping (effectiveness in vibration suppression is generally 5 ~ 10dB) and special vibration damping (more than effectiveness in vibration suppression 10dB).The strengths and weaknesses analysis of vibration reducing measure at different levels is as follows.
(1) medium vibration reducing measure
The measure that current medium vibration damping location often adopts mainly contains compression-type Damping fastening, shearing-type Damping fastening, elastic short rail sleeper, the long sleeper of elasticity etc.
Compression-type Damping fastening adopts separate type, be made up of rubber tie plate under rail, upper iron chair, intermediate rubber backing plate, lower iron chair and self-locking mechanism etc., utilize the compressive strain of two-layer rubber mat plate to realize vibration damping, rubber mat plate is separated with ironware, can realize independent replacing.Dismounting needs special tool.Springrate ratio is not more than 1.3.The node Static stiffness of fastener is 9-14kN/mm, and rail horizontal adjusting value is 30mm, and gauge adjustment amount is+8mm ,-12mm.Apply in the subway engineering in this fastener city such as Shanghai, Chengdu at home.
Shearing-type rail dampener fastener is elasticity non-shoulder split, and support rail plate, base and rubber ring sulfuration are an entirety, and take full advantage of the shear strain of rubber, dynamic elasticity is good.Buckling piece, gauge pad, rubber tie plate under rail and with the bind mode of sleeper with DT VI 2 type fastener.Its structure adopts " two rigidity " design, and springrate ratio is not more than 1.2.The node Static stiffness of fastener is about 15kN/mm, and rail horizontal adjusting value is 30mm, and gauge adjustment amount is+8mm ,-12mm.This type of fastener has been applied to the city undergrounds such as Beijing, Nanjing, Xi'an and has extensively adopted, and has abundant operation experience.Rail abnormal wear is relatively more serious to use the subway 3 in Curve Segment of this dampening apparatus to find at some recent years, and mainly rail dampener fastener rigidity of tracing it to its cause is on the low side, causes wheel track to produce resonance in some frequency range and causes.
Elastic short rail sleeper is namely at short sleeper outsourcing rubber sleeve, and in rubber sleeve, one deck microporous rubber backing board divided into by short sleeper.The race orthogonal elasticity of this structure by under rail, under iron chair, the lower three layers of rubber mat plate of sleeper provide jointly, improve the elasticity of track structure.The advantage of elastic short rail sleeper belongs to the lower vibration damping type of pillow, and sleeper can provide certain mass of vibration, and fastener type can be unified with general location, cost and damping property substantially suitable with rail dampener fastener.Twentieth century beginning of the seventies, Beijing Metro No. two lines have laid elastic short rail sleeper solid concrete roabed at 40 stations, east, lay and run use over 30 years, in good condition, Tianjin Binhai line, Tianjin Metro Line No.1, Shenzhen Metro Line 4 etc. also use this vibration damping track.
The long sleeper of elasticity designs on the basis of the short sleeper of traditional elastic, for reducing the moment of flexure of long sleeper and reduce the size of elastomeric isolation layer as far as possible, the lower not elongated setting of elastic layer of pillow, and the lower ethylene propylene diene rubber microporous foam elastic layer of rigidity is only set respectively in the below of left and right stock rail, and make elastic layer symmetrical about rail center line as far as possible.By elastic shoe, elastic layer and long sleeper and railway roadbed are isolated like this, make the long sleeper of elasticity train by time by the certain stroke of Free Compression, thus vibration damping can be realized in the vertical direction; Longitudinal and laterally substantially nonelastic in level, to guarantee the stability of its horizontal direction.Cost and the elastic short rail sleeper of the long sleeper of elasticity remain basically stable, and its advantage is that left and right stock rail is fixed on same long sleeper, and the stability of track structure can obtain effective guarantee, so harsh unlike elastic short rail sleeper to the technical requirements of construction and installation; Its major defect is rubber dress boots maintain and replace difficulty.
(2) high vibration reducing measure
High vibration reducing measure mainly contains 4 kinds at present: pioneer's fastener, ladder-type sleepers, vibration reduction road mattress floating plate railway roadbed and middleweight steel spring floating slab road bed.
Pioneer's fastener is a kind of novel damping track structure form of Pandrol company of Britain exploitation, be bearing on the downside of rail head of rail by adopting elastic wedge rest pad, thus make to leave bed surface at the bottom of Rail, wedge shape rest pad is then located by the side plate bearing bracket being fixed on sub rail foundation.Each fastener node of rail system is made up of safety supporting rubber pad and two spring clips under a cast iron base, two cast iron side plate brackets, two cast iron wedge shape fixtures, two rubber wedge shape rail brace blocks, a rail.Under normal circumstances, safety supporting rubber pad does not contact with rail, effectively can limit the excessive deformation that load causes like this.Guangzhou Metro Line 4, Foundation of Beijing Metro Line 5 have all laid this fastener.The installation and maintenance of pioneer's fastener are convenient, but because of rail Dynamic Subsidence amount large, rail vibration is large, the series of problems such as bring internal car noise, rail wear, dynamic bending stress larger; In addition, pioneer's fastener is a complete set of import, and the reliability in the supply of material and maintenance standby redundancy has much room for improvement.If pioneer's fastener lays the disconnected rail of location rail generation during operation, also there is certain influence to repairing.
The ladder-type sleepers track of resiliency supported is combined by the buffer shock-absorbing bed course of prefabricated ladder-type sleepers with between base to reach vibration damping object.Ladder-type sleepers track is made up of the longeron of PC and the horizontal coupling bar of steel pipe, thus eliminates hogging moment in pillow, and then can cancel transverse prestress, and replaces with steel pipe, significantly simplify track structure.Ladder-type sleepers and rail define composite orbit, can improve the dynamics of vehicle.Sleeper elasticity buttress, makes it float on concrete integral channel bed, achieves the quality of lightweight---spring system, thus the performance that improve vibration and noise reducing.Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Line of Nanjing Subway all have employed ladder-type sleepers.The shortcoming of ladder-type sleepers track is the isolation that 3 in Curve Segment is realized " replace curve by straight line " by fastener adjustment and formed by foamed plastics between railway roadbed concrete, higher to the dependence of construction quality, if lay bad, easily form original irregularity, impact driving stationarity.
Isolated cushion blocking floating plate structure lays the special rubber pad of one deck between concrete road bed and tunnel, and isolated by most of Wheel Rail Vibration and absorb, this system belongs to mass-spring system, and cost is than common railway roadbed increase about 7,000,000 yuan/single line kilometer.This kind of structure is lay in German High-speed Railway the earliest, and also there is a large amount of successfully application in China as far back as Kaohsiung rapid transit, Hongkong Subway.At present in Shenzhen, Beijing, the city such as Hangzhou subway progressively apply.The shortcoming of this kind of structure rubber spacer mainly under railway roadbed is not easy after damaging to find and change by ultraviolet, ozone aging for a long time, under the percolating water in addition in tunnel very easily flows into bed course, and draining difficulty.
Profile and the structure of middleweight steel spring floating slab are all the same with the heavyweight floating plate of domestic a large amount of employing, and what difference was only the vibration isolator employing of heavyweight floating plate is fluid damping, and the employing of the vibration isolator of middleweight floating plate is solid damping.This kind of structure has application at the city underground such as Beijing, Shanghai at present, than common railway roadbed increase about 1,000 ten thousand yuan/single line kilometer.Its shortcoming is that cost is high, and difficulty of construction is large.
(3) special vibration reducing measure
Special vibration damping location recommends to adopt steel spring floating slab road bed.Track is fixed in steel concrete quality platform by this ballast bed structure, and platform is placed on the vibration isolator that is made up of flexure spring again.The dynamic load that quality platform can provide enough inertia masses to produce to offset vehicle, only has static load and a small amount of remaining dynamic load to be passed in foundation structure by spring.The intrinsic frequency of spring ~ quality ~ vibrating isolation system is about 7Hz, is the best track structure of generally acknowledged effectiveness in vibration suppression, effectively can eliminates solid-borne sound simultaneously.Construction is simple, and precision easily ensures.Steel spring is long for fatigue life, and damping property lasting stability, easily changes, and is advanced technology in vibrating isolation system, ripe equipment, and this structure is in Germany, Britain, Brazil's application, and also adopted in a large number in subway engineering at home, effect is fine.But construction speed is comparatively slow, and price is also very expensive, than common railway roadbed increase about 1,200 ten thousand/kilometer.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of vibration-proof structure of track traffic underground construction, its adopts the peritropous propagation of vibration covering outside underground reinforced concrete structure and have different-thickness and flexible rubber damping bed course and produce to reduce train wheel and interorbital, thus reaches vibration damping object; It is brand-new vibration-proof structure, is different from several vibration-proof structure noted earlier, adopts this vibration-proof structure to eliminate the rail abnormal wear situation of shearing-type used at present and the generation of compression-type Damping fastening; Solve the problem of " with Qu Daizhi " original irregularity problem that ladder-type sleepers track exists at 3 in Curve Segment and effectiveness in vibration suppression heavy dependence construction quality thereof; Solve the problem that isolated cushion blocking floating plate track rubber separation layer is difficult to change; Solve the problem that middleweight Construction Technique of Steel Spring Floating Slab Track speed is slow and cost is high.
For achieving the above object, the utility model takes following technical scheme:
A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure, it is characterized in that: for structure built by opencut method, comprise station and running tunnel structure, according to the Vibration Condition that urban track traffic ambient vibration assessment report is predicted, and the concrete condition of environment sensitive spot, various sizes and the damping parameter of station and the rubber damping bed course between running tunnel concrete structure and ground is determined by vibration analysis, the mainly thickness of rubber damping bed course and elastic stiffness value, AT STATION with four thorough parcels of running tunnel structure or arrange rubber damping bed course with the bottom of running tunnel structure AT STATION.
Wherein, the inner surface of described rubber damping bed course is provided with projection or/and be provided with half round pool.
A kind of rail tunnel vibration-proof structure, it is characterized in that: for shield structure running tunnel structure, equally can according to the rubber damping cushion thickness determined in claim 1 and elastic stiffness value, be processed into the exterior surface dimension of shield duct piece, be compounded on the external surface of shield duct piece when production section of jurisdiction by rubber damping bed course, this compound section of jurisdiction can equally with conventional construction method be installed; At the outer four thorough parcels of shield tunnel or only at the lower half circle structure division outer setting rubber damping bed course of shield tunnel diameter.
Wherein, the inner surface of described rubber damping bed course is provided with projection or/and be provided with half round pool.
Adopt above-mentioned vibration-proof structure, change traditional track vibration-reducing into structural vibration reduction exactly, and the inertia mass of station or tunnel structure is far longer than the quality of track structure, namely ginseng inertia mass of shaking is more much larger than original track ginseng inertia mass of shaking, in addition the elasticity that rubber spacer is suitable, both combine composition quality spring damping system, thus reach vibration damping object.
Vibration isolation rubber bed course can design different shapes and thickness according to damping requirements, can adopt different single glue kinds or elastic-plastic material or formula; Rubber damping bed course and structure combination can adopt gluing or adopt and the surface of the one side that to contact with concrete arranges together with it is directly cast in concrete by numerous special salient points/or half round pool.
When structure produces vibration, the vibration damping bed course due to structural outer has elasticity and makes vibration be cushioned decay absorption, reaches vibration damping object.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: at present field of urban rail be mostly to adopt track structure vibration damping to reduce train by time vibration on the impact of surrounding enviroment sensitive spot.Compared with existing employing track structure damping technology, this vibration-proof structure can effectively block or the peritropous propagation of damped vibration, protection track traffic surrounding enviroment.The processing of rubber spacer is very convenient, does not need to drop into special equipment, and engineering construction does not also need special equipment, consistent with conventional construction method.Owing to no longer passing through track structure vibration damping, therefore, it is consistent that track structure can realize pattern completely, greatly reduces track equipment kind, reduces execution control workload, and accelerate speed of application, favourable shortening is laid a railway track the duration; Particularly owing to no longer adopting this vibration damping track of rubber damping bed course, the structural leakage completely eliminated in tunnel is seeped into the problem under damping bed course under water, extend the track structure life-span, reduce the plant maintenance workload during operation, reduce operation maintenance expense expenditure.
Rubber spacer is sealed in structure and ground, and eradicated ultraviolet and ozone to the aging damage of rubber, the life-span is permanent.
Because underground structure inertia mass is very large, this architecture quality spring system intrinsic frequency can be made very low, be very beneficial for the Vibration propagation filtering most frequency, realize vibration damping object, reach the requirement of environmental protection.
This vibration-proof structure is simple, is very easy to realize, and greatly reduces operation.Particularly interval, current track traffic underground is shield structure structure substantially, by vibration damping bed course and shield duct piece integrated prefabricated in the factory, improve precision, be beneficial to especially and ensure the quality of products.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the compound section of jurisdiction schematic diagram of shield structure running tunnel structure of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 elevational schematic view.
Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 (or Fig. 6) partial enlargement structural representation.
Fig. 4 is shield structure running tunnel structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is Fig. 4 A-A cross-sectional schematic.
Fig. 6 is station and running tunnel structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: for shield tunnel:
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5:
A kind of rail tunnel vibration-proof structure, it is characterized in that: for shield structure running tunnel structure, equally can according to the rubber damping cushion thickness determined in claim 1 and elastic stiffness value, be processed into the exterior surface dimension of shield duct piece, be compounded on the external surface of shield duct piece when production section of jurisdiction by rubber damping bed course, this compound section of jurisdiction can equally with conventional construction method be installed; At the outer four thorough parcels of shield tunnel or only at the lower half circle structure division outer setting rubber damping bed course 2 of shield tunnel diameter.
Wherein, the inner surface of described rubber damping bed course 2 is provided with projection or/and be provided with half round pool.
According to the every quality of linear meter of shield tunnel construction 1 and the requirement of vibration attenuation desired value, calculate the elastic stiffness value of banded rubber damping bed course 2.
According to the elastic stiffness value of the banded vibration damping bed course calculated, design the thickness h of bed course, select glue kind and formula.
Produce banded vibration damping bed course, banded vibration damping bed course is cut into niggerhead vibration damping bed course 2 by the exterior surface dimension according to shield duct piece 1.
The external surface of niggerhead vibration damping bed course 2 with shield duct piece 1 is bonded.Or when producing band niggerhead vibration damping bed course 2, on its mating face with shield duct piece, interval arranges projection 3 or/and be provided with half round pool 4, by band projection 3 or/and be provided with half round pool 4 niggerhead vibration damping bed course 6 and shield duct piece 1 and build and be combined with each other; Projection 3 is or/and be provided with the adhesive power that half round pool 4 can improve rubber damping bed course 2.
According to the assembled duct pieces of shield tunnel 5 subtracting bed course 2 with rubber of the construction requirement of shield tunnel.
Embodiment 2: for station and running tunnel structure:
A kind of rail tunnel vibration-proof structure, for structure built by opencut method, comprise station and running tunnel structure, according to the Vibration Condition that urban track traffic ambient vibration assessment report is predicted, and the concrete condition of environment sensitive spot, various sizes and the damping parameter of station and the rubber damping bed course 2 between running tunnel concrete structure 6 and ground is determined by vibration analysis, the mainly thickness of rubber damping bed course and elastic stiffness value, AT STATION with four thorough parcels (see Fig. 6) of running tunnel structure 6 or arrange rubber damping bed course 2 with the bottom of running tunnel structure 6 AT STATION.
Wherein, the inner surface of described rubber damping bed course 2 is provided with projection 3 or/and be provided with half round pool 4 (as shown in Figure 3); Projection 3 is or/and be provided with the adhesive power that half round pool 4 can improve rubber damping bed course 2.
Different glue kind or other chemical materials with damping property are made different thickness, are had the glue vibration damping bed course of different damping elastomer rigidity by the utility model, by this glue vibration damping bed course parcel or adopt glue vibration damping mat surface projection 3 is set or/and be provided with half round pool 4 and shield duct piece 1 or station to be cast in running tunnel structural concrete together with mode be attached to track traffic underground concrete structure external surface and form quality spring damping system, the damping elastomer rigidity of this damping system is determined by design as required.
It should be pointed out that foregoing is enumerating of preferred forms of the present utility model, the part wherein do not described in detail to the greatest extent, is construed as and is implemented with the general fashion of the art.Meanwhile, for the general personnel of this area, not departing from the equivalent transformation and modification that do the utility model in scope of the present utility model, all will fall within claim of the present utility model and protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. a track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure, is characterized in that: for structure built by opencut method, comprises station and running tunnel structure, AT STATION with four thorough parcels of running tunnel structure or arrange rubber damping bed course with the bottom of running tunnel structure AT STATION.
2. track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inner surface of described rubber damping bed course is provided with projection or/and be provided with half round pool.
3. a track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure, is characterized in that: for shield structure running tunnel structure, at the outer four thorough parcels of shield tunnel or only at the lower half circle structure division outer setting rubber damping bed course of shield tunnel diameter.
4. track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the inner surface of described rubber damping bed course is provided with projection or/and be provided with half round pool.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520130721.4U CN204492833U (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2015-03-06 | A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520130721.4U CN204492833U (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2015-03-06 | A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204492833U true CN204492833U (en) | 2015-07-22 |
Family
ID=53572157
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520130721.4U Active CN204492833U (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2015-03-06 | A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204492833U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107842372A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-27 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of tunnel structure of high-strength anti-seismic |
| CN106089298B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-04-03 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of top-bottom cross tunnel shock-absorbing structure |
| CN113550762A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-26 | 东南大学 | Vibration reduction type shield segment joint structure and shield segment vibration reduction method |
-
2015
- 2015-03-06 CN CN201520130721.4U patent/CN204492833U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106089298B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-04-03 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of top-bottom cross tunnel shock-absorbing structure |
| CN107842372A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-27 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of tunnel structure of high-strength anti-seismic |
| CN113550762A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-26 | 东南大学 | Vibration reduction type shield segment joint structure and shield segment vibration reduction method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN201908236U (en) | Shock absorption type slab ballastless track | |
| CN201738195U (en) | Composite damper spring vibration isolator for floating slab tracks in rail transit | |
| CN102051843B (en) | High-speed railway noise barrier | |
| CN103603241B (en) | Floating vibration isolation structure of track system | |
| CN202530345U (en) | Steel rail absorber | |
| CN104594137A (en) | Urban rail transit shock absorption type floating slab rail system | |
| CN102535262B (en) | Elastic vibration-reduction ballast bed system | |
| CN202509337U (en) | Vibration-damping and noise-reducing integrated ballast bed with constrained damping structure | |
| CN201915298U (en) | Elastic sleeper-type ballastless track | |
| CN102383343B (en) | Damping vibration-isolating compound track bed for metro and construction method thereof | |
| CN104695974A (en) | Shock absorbing method and structure for rail traffic underground engineering | |
| CN101413233A (en) | Method and device for designing shock and vibration absorption type steel rail suspending fastener | |
| RU2624147C1 (en) | Plate for rail track, passively absorbing dynamic vibrations | |
| CN204492833U (en) | A kind of track traffic underground construction vibration-proof structure | |
| CN104894928A (en) | Steel rail vibration absorption device for track traffic | |
| CN202482714U (en) | Novel rail noise controller | |
| CN201785681U (en) | Fastening device used for urban rail transit | |
| CN103088727B (en) | Deflection-resisting rail spacing device | |
| CN103526652A (en) | Passive type power vibration reduction trapezoidal sleeper track structure | |
| RU84850U1 (en) | UPPER WAY STRUCTURE | |
| CN210797117U (en) | Steel rail vibration damping pad | |
| CN212688579U (en) | Vibration and noise reduction device for track floating plate | |
| CN110593023A (en) | Vibration and noise reduction device for track floating plate | |
| CN102605684B (en) | Low assembly type monolithic roadbed with elastic short sleeper and construction method thereof | |
| CN113005826B (en) | Design method of full-frequency vibration reduction track structure |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |