CN106011357B - Hydrogen plasma method for melting reduction iron making and system - Google Patents
Hydrogen plasma method for melting reduction iron making and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106011357B CN106011357B CN201610586941.7A CN201610586941A CN106011357B CN 106011357 B CN106011357 B CN 106011357B CN 201610586941 A CN201610586941 A CN 201610586941A CN 106011357 B CN106011357 B CN 106011357B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
- C21B13/125—By using plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
- C21B13/0026—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide in the flame of a burner or a hot gas stream
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/004—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in a continuous way by reduction from ores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and system of hydrogen plasma fused reduction iron-smelting, its method is:It is hydrogen-argon-mixed to enter plasma gun, it is ionized in the presence of high frequency voltage and electric arc as plasma and is sprayed from spout, forms high temperature plasma flame;Iron ore is sent into plasma flame region, iron ore is melted by high temperature plasma flame, and following process processing is carried out after the metallic iron of reduction reaction generation molten state occurs with hydrogen plasma.Hydrogen plasma fused reduction iron-smelting system includes power-supply system, air supply system, plasma gun, powder-supply system and fusion reduction reaction furnace.The present invention changes dependence of the smelting process to fossil fuel of traditional metallic iron, avoids pollution of the caused pollution gas to surrounding environment in smelting process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to industry metallurgy field, and in particular to a kind of method of hydrogen plasma fused reduction iron-smelting and is
System.
Background technology
Into after 20th century, blast furnace ironmaking high speed development, blast furnace technology is highly developed at present, and refining at present
The main production process of iron.But with the development of blast furnace, its problems faced is also increasingly severe, is mainly reflected in blast furnace refining
Iron needs the furnace charge of block and certain grade, but as the fast development of steel and iron industry scale, the high iron ore of quality gradually disappear
Lose, can only just be carried out for lean ore selected, then agglomeration is sintered to fines, ironmaking cost remains high;Meanwhile blast furnace coking coal
Consumption is too many, coking coal demand rapid growth, but coking coal reserves are limited, coking coal supply deficiency, and coking coal resource is increasingly poor, coking coal
Price also gradually increases, and promotes ironmaking cost to increase;In addition, sintering deposit, pellet, coking and blast fumance mistake are being made
One of " three wastes " seriously pollute air, soil and water source caused by journey, and cause the factor of the serious haze in China.These are compeled
People is begun look for the iron smelting method outside some blast furnace ironmakings, find ironmaking independent of coking coal and more economic and environment-friendly
Mode.
The non-blast furnace ironmaking mode developed at present mainly has direct-reduction and melting and reducing two ways, direct-reduction stream
The product of journey is the sponge iron of solid-state, and the product of Smelting Reduction Process is the pig iron of liquid.Direct-reduction process is limited to fire with gas
Material, liquid fuel or mill coal are the energy, are reduced below softening temperature of the iron ore (or iron content agglomerate) in solid-state
The method for obtaining metallic iron.Because reduction temperature is low, product is in porous low-density sponge shape structure, carbon containing low, does not exclude gangue
The metal iron product of impurity, claim DRI (DRI) or sponge iron.
Melting and reducing is another non-blast furnace ironmaking flow, and the principle that melting and reducing is suggested is carbon containing molten iron in high-temperature fusion
The iron ore melted with the slag of iron content under state produces reaction.Reduction reaction speed between high-temperature liquid state is than gas-solid
Reaction speed is faster between body.It is general using mill coal as the energy later with the progress of real work, iron is carried out under high temperature melt
Oxide is reduced, and slag iron can be kept completely separate, and the technique for obtaining the carbon containing molten iron of similar blast furnace is referred to as melting and reducing.According to technique
Melting and reducing can be divided into three-stage, two-part, one-part form and the class of electrothermal way four by pattern.Three-stage Smelting Reduction Process can divide
For reduction and melting gas making two large divisions, reduction part is exactly reduction section, and melting gas making part then includes in the same apparatus
Melting gas making section and gas reforming section, it is structurally characterized in that above molten bath a carbon containing bed of material be present.Two-period form is also by reducing
Part and melting gas making part composition, therefore it is referred to as two step method with three-stage again, the main distinction of two-period form and three-stage is molten
Be not present the carbon containing bed of material in refining Gas-making Furnace above molten bath, some two-period form flows in order to solve and Primordial Qi composition and temperature problem,
An also Primordial Qi modification stove is addition of between smelting furnace and reduction furnace.One-part form flow only has melting section, without reduction section.It is existing
The one-part form flow and two-period form flow of generationization use iron liquid furnace smelting equipment, therefore the two is referred to as iron bath process again.Three-stage
It is made up of coal base flow journey and burnt base flow journey, two-period form and one-part form are then made up of coal base flow journey, and three of the above type is sometimes referred to
For oxygen coal flow, electric heating rule is referred to as electric coal flow.
The plant modification of the direct-reduction process of one production sponge iron is by last century the eighties, Aktiebolaget SKF of Sweden
Plasmared (plasma deoxidization) device, it is industrially accomplished by the use of plasma as thermal source production DRI.
In this technique, plasma generator is arranged on plasma gasification furnace, for coal gas process.Coal or other fuel and oxidant
(such as water or oxygen) reacts, and generation direct-reduction gas, main component is H2 and CO.High temperature reduction gas is through desulfurizer, with white
Shaft kiln directly reduced use is supplied to after marble desulfurization.Coal gasification institute calorific requirement largely relies on carbon oxygen combustion reaction in gasification furnace
Heat release, small part are supplied by plasma generator, to maintain appropriate gasification temperature, so as to ensure to be gasified totally, and well
The quality and slag temperature of control also Primordial Qi.Ferric charge used in technique is lump ore, pellet.Product is DRI, metal
Rate 93%, phosphorus content is maintained at 1.5%.
More than several ironmaking flows having difference the equipment and process aspect more, but do not change technique in smelting process
Dependence to conventional fossil fuel, the production of some contaminatives is inevitably produced in the gasification of fossil fuel and combustion process
Thing, improve in terms of iron-smelting process environmental benefit is improved little.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that it is:Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of hydrogen plasma melting is also
The method and system of original ironmaking, change dependence of the smelting process to fossil fuel of traditional metallic iron, avoid in smelting process
Pollution of the caused pollution gas to surrounding environment.
The present invention technical solution be:In order to solve the above technical problems, the method for melting reduction iron making bag of the present invention
Include following steps,
Argon gas is sent into plasma gun, argon gas is breakdown in the presence of high frequency voltage, forms electric arc,
By hydrogen and argon gas according to 5:1~4:1 ratio is sent into plasma gun, in the presence of high frequency voltage and electric arc
Hydrogen and argon gas are ionized as plasma, and are sprayed from spray gun spout, form high temperature plasma flame;
Iron ore is sent into plasma flame region, iron ore is melted by high temperature plasma flame,
And the metallic iron of reduction reaction generation molten state occurs with hydrogen plasma;
The metallic iron of molten state is collected, carries out following process processing.
The high frequency voltage is 15000V.
In order to realize the above method, the present invention provides a kind of hydrogen plasma fused reduction iron-smelting system, including supply system
System, power-supply system, plasma gun, powder-supply system and fusion reduction reaction furnace;The air supply system provides hydrogen and argon gas, hydrogen
Gas and argon gas are according to 5:1~4:1 ratio forms mixed gas, the working gas as plasma gun;The power-supply system is
Plasma gun provides arc starting voltage and DC current;Working gas is ionized in the presence of high frequency voltage and electric arc as high temperature
High-temperature plasma is ejected to fusion reduction reaction furnace and forms plasma flame by plasma, plasma gun;For powder system
Iron ore powder is delivered to fusion reduction reaction furnace plasma flame region by system, and iron ore is melted by high temperature plasma flame
Melt, and with hydrogen plasma occur reduction reaction generation molten state metallic iron, fusion reduction reaction furnace be provided with molten iron outlet,
Slag exit.
The fusion reduction reaction furnace has the copper fusion reduction reaction furnace wall with water cooling.
The powder-supply system includes powder feeding equipment, powder feeding pipe, powder feeding pipe water collar and turbulence chamber, powder feeding equipment include charge door,
The powder cabin and capstan being arranged in powder cabin, agitator and feeding Luo Gang, mineral powder enter powder cabin by charge door, by leading
The transmission of axle, the mineral powder after feeding Luo Gang stirs agitator are sent into turbulence chamber, and mineral powder and carrier gas are abundant in turbulence chamber
Mixing, carrier gas carry mineral powder and entered by powder feeding pipe at fusion reduction reaction furnace high temperature plasma flame, powder feeding pipe cloth
Put in powder feeding pipe water collar.
The powder feeding pipe is double-deck ring set structure, and internal layer powder passage is wear-resistant ceramic material, and outer layer is high-termal conductivity gold
Belong to copper.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be:
(1) the cleaning method of smelting combined using Physical and chemical method, is changed the dependence to fossil fuel, improved
The spatter property of the smelting process of metallic iron, meanwhile, obtained product phosphorus content, oxygen content is low, can be used as target iron.
(2) present invention takes full advantage of the characteristics of arc-plasma temperature is high, activity is high, arc-plasma air mass
Temperature can reach more than 3000K, and central temperature can even exceed 10000K, when ore particles pass through high temperature plasma flame
It can be melted in the very short time, while activity is big in hot environment, accelerates the reduction reaction of iron oxide in ore;
(3) present invention takes full advantage of the characteristics of arc-plasma atmosphere is adjustable, chooses work of the hydrogen as spray gun
Gas, while directly participate in as reducing agent the reduction reaction of components of iron ore iron oxide.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is powder feeding equipment schematic diagram.
Label in figure:1- plasma gun negative electrodes;2- plasma gun anodes;3- negative electrode water inlet components;4- negative electrode backwater
Component;5- anode water inlet components;6- anode backwater components;7- spray gun air intake assemblies;8- water pumps;9- heat exchangers;10- rectified currents
Source;11- fusion reduction reaction furnace walls;12- insulated enclosure components;13- powder feeding equipments;14- powder feeding pipe water collars;15- powder feeding pipes;
16- motors;17- air gauges;18- Balance Air imports;19- charge doors;20- powder cabins;21- capstans;22- agitators;23- feedings
Luo Gang;24- turbulence chamber.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Hydrogen plasma method for melting reduction iron making, comprises the following steps:
Argon gas is sent into plasma gun, the high frequency voltage for opening arc power offer punctures argon gas, electric arc is produced, by hydrogen
With argon gas according to 5:1~4:Plasma gun, hydrogen and argon gas quilt in the presence of high frequency voltage and electric arc are sent into the mixing of 1 ratio
Ionize as plasma, sprayed from spray gun spout, form high temperature plasma flame;Iron ore is sent into plasma fire
Flame region, makes iron ore be melted by high temperature plasma flame, and reduction reaction generation occurs with hydrogen plasma and melts
The metallic iron of state, hydrogen participate in the reduction reaction of ore internal oxidition iron as reacting gas;The metallic iron of molten state is collected, is carried out
Following process processing.
The high frequency arc starting voltage is 15000V.
As shown in figure 1, hydrogen plasma fused reduction iron-smelting system, including air supply system, power-supply system, plasma spray
Rifle, powder-supply system and fusion reduction reaction furnace;The air supply system provides hydrogen and argon gas, and wherein hydrogen and argon gas is according to 5:1
~4:1 ratio carries out being mixed to form mixed gas, and as the working gas of plasma gun, power-supply system includes DC rectifier electricity
Source 10 and high frequency open arc power, and rectifier power source uses newest power electronic element IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) as core
Rectifier cell, main circuit use 12-phase rectification, export DC current stability bandwidth≤2%;Setting DC rectification power 10 exports
Argon gas is sent into plasma gun by electric current, air supply system by air intake assembly 7, and high frequency opens arc power and high frequency voltage is added in into spray gun
Between negative electrode 1 and spray gun anode 2, interelectrode argon gas is punctured by moment, produces electric arc, and then DC rectification power system exports
Galvanic current stream maintains the stabilization of electric arc in plasma gun, and hydrogen is mixed and held by air supply system according to the above ratio with argon gas
Continuous to be sent into plasma gun, hydrogen and argon gas are ionized as high-temperature plasma in the presence of high frequency voltage and electric arc, and from
Spray gun spout is ejected into fusion reduction reaction furnace, forms high temperature plasma flame.Therefore, plasma flame is actual at a high speed
The high temperature hydrogen of rotation, argon plasma air-flow, on the one hand lance outlet High Temperature Rotating air-flow realizes the stable electric arc of cyclone, another
Aspect can increase the hybrid reaction time of high-temperature plasma and mineral dust.
Iron ore powder is delivered to fusion reduction reaction furnace gas ions flame region by powder-supply system, and iron ore is by high temperature etc.
Gas ions flame melts, and the hydrogen after ionization turns into hydrogen plasma and reduction occurs instead as iron oxide in reducing agent, with ore
The metallic iron of molten state should be generated.Melt iron had by oneself in ore and that iron oxide reduces to obtain is in fusion reduction reaction furnace bottom
Exported by molten iron and exit into follow-up equipment working process, the impurity component and its oxide in ore are then swum in molten state
Molten iron surface, follow-up equipment is exited into by slag exit and handled.Fusion reduction reaction, which holds stove, to be had with the copper of water cooling
Fusion reduction reaction furnace wall 11, molten iron outlet, slag exit and the high-temperature insulation sealing group supporting with plasma gun
Part.
Powder-supply system includes powder feeding equipment 13, powder feeding pipe 15, powder feeding pipe water collar 14 and turbulence chamber 24.As shown in Fig. 2 give powder
Device 13 includes charge door 19, powder cabin 20 and the capstan 21 being arranged in powder cabin 20, agitator 22 and feeding spiral shell thick stick 23, iron ore
Stone enters powder cabin 20 by crusher in crushing, flour mill grinding and the dried mineral powder of drying machine by charge door 19, passes through master
The transmission of guide shaft 21, the mineral powder after feeding spiral shell thick stick 23 stirs agitator 22 are sent into turbulence chamber 24, the mineral powder in turbulence chamber
It is sufficiently mixed with carrier gas, carrier gas can be argon gas or other inert gases, and carrier gas carries mineral powder and entered by powder feeding pipe 15
Fusion reduction reaction furnace high temperature plasma flame root, and mix and exchange heat with high-temperature plasma, in high-temperature plasma
In the presence of body flame, mineral dust melts in a short time, the hydrogen plasma of iron oxide composition and high activity in ore
Produce chemical reduction reaction.In operation powder feeding equipment powder-supplying speed (powder cabin in the unit interval is calculated by measuring weight before and after powder cabin
The variable quantity of weight is powder-supplying speed), powder-feeding amount is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of motor 16, meanwhile, in order to ensure powder falling smoothness
Uniformly, one gas is drawn outside storehouse from carrier gas powder cabin is entered by Balance Air import 18 as Balance Air, air gauge 17 is used to supervise
Survey air pressure in powder cabin.Powder feeding pipe 15 is arranged in the powder feeding pipe water collar 14 of spray gun periphery, to protect powder feeding pipe not by reacting furnace
Interior high temperature scaling loss.Powder feeding pipe 15 is double-deck ring set structure, and internal layer powder passage is wear-resistant ceramic material, and outer layer is high-termal conductivity gold
Belong to copper.
The plasma gun includes spray gun negative electrode 1, anode 2, negative electrode water inlet component 3, negative electrode backwater component 4, anode and entered
Water assembly 5, anode backwater component 6 and air intake assembly 7, cooling water are entered by negative electrode water inlet component 3 and anode water inlet component 5 respectively
Enter and anode and negative electrode are cooled down, prevent electrode by high-temperature electric arc ablation.Plasma gun negative electrode and spray gun anode all design
For tubular structure, difference can be realized by adjusting plasma gun power, spray gun quantity, powder-feeding amount and reaction furnace volume in
Production scale.
Cooling water system includes deionized water water tank, water pump and heat exchanger composition, and cooling water is provided for above-mentioned each system.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of hydrogen plasma method for melting reduction iron making, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Argon gas is sent into plasma gun, argon gas is breakdown in the presence of high frequency voltage, forms electric arc;
By hydrogen and argon gas according to 5:1~4:1 ratio is sent into plasma gun, the hydrogen in the presence of high frequency voltage and electric arc
It is ionized as plasma with argon gas, and is sprayed from the spout of plasma gun, forms high temperature plasma flame;
Iron ore is sent into high temperature plasma flame region, iron ore is melted by high temperature plasma flame,
And the metallic iron of reduction reaction generation molten state occurs with hydrogen plasma;
The metallic iron of molten state is collected, carries out following process processing.
2. hydrogen plasma method for melting reduction iron making according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the high frequency voltage is
15000V。
A kind of 3. system for realizing the hydrogen plasma method for melting reduction iron making of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that bag
Include air supply system, power-supply system, plasma gun, powder-supply system and fusion reduction reaction furnace;The air supply system is to plasma
Spray gun provides hydrogen and argon gas, and hydrogen and argon gas are according to 5:1~4:1 ratio forms mixed gas, as plasma gun
Working gas;The power-supply system provides arc starting voltage and DC current for plasma gun;Working gas in high frequency voltage and
It is ionized in the presence of electric arc and high-temperature plasma is ejected to fusion reduction reaction furnace for high-temperature plasma, plasma gun
Form high temperature plasma flame;Iron ore powder is delivered to fusion reduction reaction furnace high temperature plasma flame area by powder-supply system
Domain, fusion reduction reaction furnace are provided with molten iron outlet, slag exit;
The powder-supply system includes powder feeding equipment (13), powder feeding pipe (15), powder feeding pipe water collar (14) and turbulence chamber (24), powder feeding equipment
(13) charge door (19), powder cabin (20) and the capstan (21) being arranged in powder cabin (20), agitator (22) and feeding are included
Luo Gang (23), mineral powder enter powder cabin (20) by charge door (19), and by the transmission of capstan (21), feeding Luo Gang (23) will be stirred
Mix the mineral powder after device (22) stirring and be sent into turbulence chamber (24), be sufficiently mixed in turbulence chamber (24) interior mineral powder with carrier gas, carrier gas
Carry mineral powder by powder feeding pipe (15) to enter at fusion reduction reaction furnace high temperature plasma flame, powder feeding pipe (15) arrangement
In powder feeding pipe water collar (14).
4. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the fusion reduction reaction furnace has copper molten with water cooling
Melt reduction reaction furnace wall (11).
5. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the powder feeding pipe (15) is double-deck ring set structure, inner-layer powder
Body passage is wear-resistant ceramic material, and outer layer is high thermal conductive metallic copper.
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CN110951973A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for extracting titanium from titanium-containing blast furnace slag based on hydrogen plasma method |
CN111148335A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-12 | 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 | Plasma preheating pre-reduction spray gun for smelting reduction furnace, reduction furnace and application |
CN113414398A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Equipment and method for preparing metal powder by using plasma |
CN115522009B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2024-01-30 | 常州宝菱重工机械有限公司 | Pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron-making method |
CN116656909B (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2024-02-02 | 北京科技大学 | Flash one-step steelmaking device and method based on plasma arc |
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US9879331B2 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2018-01-30 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Green process for the preparation of pure iron |
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CN101701274A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2010-05-05 | 樊显理 | hydrogen metallurgy |
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Address after: No. 16 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048 Co-patentee after: China Aerospace Aerodynamic Technology Institute Patentee after: Aerospace Shenjie (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: No. 16 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048 Co-patentee before: China Aerospace Aerodynamic Technology Institute Patentee before: Aerospace God Jie (Beijing) Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. |