CN203985389U - A kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN203985389U CN203985389U CN201420397263.6U CN201420397263U CN203985389U CN 203985389 U CN203985389 U CN 203985389U CN 201420397263 U CN201420397263 U CN 201420397263U CN 203985389 U CN203985389 U CN 203985389U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging and buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, comprises slot type cultivating container and irrigation rig, and described slot type cultivating container is embedded in soil, its upper end open, bottom sealing, sidewall is provided with perforate, and cultivation matrix is equipped with in inside; Described irrigation rig is for drip irrigation nutrient solution in described cultivating container.Preferably, described slot type cultivating container is embedded in cultivation ridge, and cultivating container top edge is a little more than cultivation upper end, ridge, and the soil that cultivating container is cultivated ridge closely wraps up.Described irrigation rig comprises nutrient solution container, drip irrigation pipeline, pump moving system, moisture transducer and control device.The utility model is adapted at greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel and uses, and the cultivation that is applicable to the crops such as various fruit and vegetable and western muskmelon is produced, and cost is low, highly versatile, management and control are convenient.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to industrialized agriculture cultivation technique without soil field, specifically, relates to a kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging and buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil.
Background technology
It is the mode of carrying out the production of winter-spring season vegetables in improper season in the facilities such as attached-greenhouse, greenhouse by solar heat, plastic tunnel that facilities vegetable is produced, and is to meet China urban and rural residents " vegetable basket " safety and the indispensable technological means of effective supply.Nearly 4,000,000 hectares of China's Installation Vegetable Cultivation area, wherein take soil cultivation as major way, account for more than 99%, and soilless culture only accounts for minor proportion.
Compare with outdoor cropping, in the space of facility soil in relative closure, be subject to the impact of the environmental conditions such as high temp. and humidity and evaporation discharge, high rich water input, high cropping index and agronomy activity, the physics of facility soil, chemistry and biology character develop violent, approach complexity is various, often causes the soil quality problems such as soil secondary salinization, nutrient imbalance, harmful element accumulation, microbiologic population's fauna deterioration.Current, " bottleneck " that the problems such as to worsen the facilities horticulture production problem cause very serious because of soil quality, and continuous cropping obstacle, damage by disease and insect take place frequently, liquid manure resource utilization is low, the deterioration of the ecological environment, quality of agricultural product are poor have become restriction facilities horticulture industry to develop in a healthy way.More seriously, because soil environment can not regulate and control, greenhouse vegetable soil cultivation yields poorly, poor quality, day by day can not meet the requirement of people to high-quality agricultural product.
Soilless culture is the effective ways that address this problem, and adopts matrix to replace soil, and vegetable root system is limited in artificial environment, avoids the environment of liquid manure to discharge and pollute; Meanwhile, matrix is lightweight, consumption is few, can sterilize and recycle, and has avoided the generation of the production problems such as continuous cropping obstacle, salination.But the application technical difficulty of soilless culture in greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel is very big, traditional nutrient fluid cultivation cannot be implemented at all.
Tradition facility soilless culture or nutrient fluid cultivation need the specialized facilities culturing device that cost is higher, and agronomy administrative skill is more complicated, and greenhouse is controlled and had relatively high expectations, be applicable to attached-greenhouse or the glass greenhouse of hardened ground, be not suitable for anthropogenic soil and utilize type greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel.Although, some facilities vegetable ecological organic cultivation technique without soil of Chinese scholar research and development and though organic soil culture can depart from or part departs from soil, but need to or cut the earth with construction materials such as bricks and build cultivating groove, preparation cultivation matrix, operate loaded down with trivial detailsly, and substrates quantity is large, and cost is quite high, reusing is poor, is not suitable for batch production production application.And greenhouse vegetable soil cultivation is open cultivation mode, water and fertilizer management is extensive, and liquid manure (particularly nitrogenous fertilizer) very easily discharges to environment by modes such as drip washing, volatilizations, causes nutrients resource waste and problem of environmental pollution, and sustainability is poor.In addition, long-term enforcement will produce continuous cropping obstacle, the production problem that damage by disease and insect takes place frequently.
Current, urgently exploitation is applicable to the Installation Vegetable Cultivation technology of China's greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel application, can overcome the intrinsic problem of soil cultivation, can solve again the problems such as facilities vegetable soilless culture cost is high, technical sophistication.
Utility model content
In order to address the above problem, the utility model provides a kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging of a kind of low cost, highly versatile, easily management and control to bury slot type cultivation apparatus without soil.
The technical solution adopted in the utility model is as follows:
Greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries a slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, comprises slot type cultivating container and irrigation rig, and described slot type cultivating container is embedded in soil, its upper end open, and bottom sealing, sidewall is provided with perforate, and cultivation matrix is equipped with in inside; Described irrigation rig is for drip irrigation nutrient solution in described cultivating container.
Further, described slot type cultivating container is embedded in cultivation ridge, and cultivating container top edge is a little more than cultivation upper end, ridge, and the soil that cultivating container is cultivated ridge closely wraps up; Overlay film on described cultivation ridge, to keep soil moisture content.
Further, the bottom of described slot type cultivating container is the flat or sharp end, and top open part size is more than or equal to bottom size.
Further, described slot type cultivating container adopts the materials such as PVC, PE to make, the long 50-300cm of cultivating container, wide 5-30cm, high 10-30cm.Can select according to actual needs the slot type cultivating container length of (or claiming cultivating groove), such as adopting the cultivating groove consistent with cultivating ridge length, also can be formed by connecting by multistage cultivating groove, be about to the short cultivating groove of multistage and be joined together to form a long cultivating groove.Wherein between adjacent short cultivating groove, can adopt the connected modes such as bonding, interlock to be connected and sealed.
Further, the perforate on described slot type cultivating container sidewall is near cultivating container bottom, and apart from bottom 2～5cm, perforate line number is that 1-3 is capable, line-spacing 0.2-1cm, and the spacing in horizontal direction two holes is 1-2cm, aperture 0.2-0.8cm.
Further, described cultivation matrix comprises vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, pearl salt, and volume ratio is 1:(0.5～2): (0.5～1) can be preferably 1:1:1,2:1:1,1:2:1 etc.Further, described cultivation matrix disinfection, wherein the peat composed of rotten mosses can be by rice husk, coconut husk, the ight soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed etc. some materials that can be used for soilless culture replace.
Further, described irrigation rig comprises nutrient solution container, drip irrigation pipeline, the moving system of pump and control device (single-chip microcomputer or computer system).
Further, described irrigation rig also comprises moisture transducer (soil water content sensor), and this moisture transducer connects described control device, by moisture transducer, detects the water yield in cultivating container, by control device, control, make cultivating container keep suitable specific retention.Specific retention is chosen in more than 40%.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present utility model and beneficial effect are as follows:
1, this device is adapted at greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel use, and the cultivation that is applicable to the crops such as various fruit and vegetable and western muskmelon is produced.
2, crop root is limited in cultivating container, can effectively absorb nutrient and moisture, has improved the utilization ratio of nutrient and moisture; And a small amount of root system reaches outside cultivating container by hole, can absorb nutrient and moisture in soil, has improved stability and the supportive of crop, resistant to lodging, reduced soil-borne disease and infected probability.
3, cultivating container is embedded in cultivation ridge, and relatively fixing, soil around can increase the insulating power of cultivating container, by soil, cushions, and can reduce chilling damage, guarantees winter-spring season crop root at night safety.
4, cultivation matrix volume is little, lightweight, can, through disinfecting, avoid damage by disease and insect to occur; And the matrix between crops for rotation after sterilization is reusable, crops for rotation are compact, improved the output of cultivation efficiency and unit are.
5, liquid manure loss can be effectively blocked in the cultivating container airtight design in bottom, has avoided the generation of the problems such as soil pollution, salination, and soil has only been born part cultivation matrix function, thereby has protected the sustainability of soil quality and the facility ecosystem.
6, cultivating container is little, and liquid manure is in liberal supply controlled, can strengthen planting density, improves optical energy utilization efficiency, improves output.
7, cultivating container is little, and embedding convenience is reusable, and crops for rotation arrangement is quick.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that in embodiment, greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil.
Fig. 2 is that cultivating container is embedded in the generalized section in cultivation ridge.
Fig. 3 is the elongated slot shape schematic diagram of cultivating container in embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the cultivating container of cultivation matrix is housed in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of multisection type cultivating groove.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram with the embedded matrix culture device of greenhouse vegetable soil of sensing equipment.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of steps of Installation Vegetable Cultivation in embodiment.
Number in the figure explanation: 10-cultivating container, 11-perforate, 12-cultivation matrix, 20-cultivation ridge, 21-nutrient solution container, 22-pump moves system, 23-drip irrigation pipeline, 24-moisture transducer, 25-control device.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, below by specific embodiments and the drawings, the utility model is described further.
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic that greenhouse vegetable soil ridging of the present utility model buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, mainly comprises cultivating container 10 and irrigation rig.Irrigation rig, for to the interior pouring nutrient solution of cultivating container 10, comprises nutrition liquid pool (nutrient solution container) 21, and configures the moving system 22 of pump and drip irrigation pipeline 23, and is controlled by control device 25, carries out liquid manure supply.Cultivating container 10 is embedded on cultivation ridge 20, and the top edge of cultivating container 10 is a little more than cultivation 20 upper ends, ridge, and cultivating container 10 is closely wrapped up by the soil on cultivation ridge 20, as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 3 is the shape schematic diagram of cultivating container 10, and it is long trough, upper end open, bottom sealing.Cultivating container 10 sidewalls are provided with perforate 11, and cultivation matrix 12 is equipped with in inside, as shown in Figure 4.Cultivating container 10 can adopt the materials such as PVC, PE to make, and bottom is for being the flat or sharp end.Perforate 11 on the sidewall of cultivating container 10, near bottom, apart from bottom 2～5cm, it is capable that perforate line number can be 1-3, line-spacing 0.2-1cm, the spacing in horizontal direction two holes is 1-2cm, aperture 0.2-0.8cm.
Cultivation matrix 12 comprises vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, pearl salt, and volume ratio is 1:(0.5～2): (0.5～1) can be preferably 1:1:1,2:1:1,1:2:1 etc.Further, described cultivation matrix disinfection, wherein the peat composed of rotten mosses can be by rice husk, coconut husk, the ight soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed etc. some materials that can be used for soilless culture replace.
Slot type cultivating container of the present utility model can directly be embedded in soil, and also ridging on soil in advance, is embedded in cultivating container in cultivation ridge.Cultivating container can bury below ground level part, also can above ground level be embedded in ridge, and cultivating container top edge is a little more than soil surface (or a little more than cultivation upper end, ridge), and cultivating container is closely wrapped up by soil.The utility model preferably adopts the mode of ridging, can when winter-spring season low temperature, keep the temperature in cultivating container like this, improves substrate temperature buffer capacity, prevents that freeze injury from occurring; Ridging is conducive in the ranks ventilate, and operating personnel's walking; Also be conducive to overlay film on ridge, improve temperature in ridge, prevent weeds generation, preserve soil moisture effective.
In other embodiment, can select according to actual needs the length of cultivating container, such as can be consistent with cultivation ridge length, also can adopt multisection type cultivating groove, be about to a plurality of cultivating grooves and be joined together to form a long cultivating groove, as shown in Figure 5.Wherein, each section of cultivating groove is " U " shape, can adopt the connected modes such as bonding, interlock to be connected and sealed between adjacent cultivating groove.
In other embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, irrigation rig also can comprise moisture transducer 24, and the water yield detecting in cultivating container by moisture transducer 24, controls by control device 25, makes cultivating container keep suitable specific retention.Specific retention is generally more than 40%.Irrigation volume when determining 80% specific retention according to cultivation matrix quantity, timing controlled.According to area under cultivation size, every mu can arrange severally such as 2 sensors, also can sensor be all set at each cultivating container place, inserts sensor detect water supply in media content at cultivating container tapping.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of steps of facilities vegetable culture method that adopts an embodiment of said apparatus, and each step is described as follows:
1) preparation cultivation matrix: each component of cultivation matrix (vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, pearl salt etc.) is mixed according to certain volume ratio, make cultivation matrix;
2) make cultivating container: adopt the material customization long trough cultivating containers such as PVC, PE, in cultivating container, fill matrix.By drip irrigation system, water nutrient solution, unnecessary nutrient solution accumulates in container bottom, avoids leaking into deep soil.Overwhelming majority root system is limited in cultivating container, partially absorbing energetic tip of a root part can stretch out cultivating container by hole and enter in soil, absorb moisture and nutrient in soil, the liquid manure in same soil can enter container by space, by Root Absorption, is utilized.
3) make cultivation ridge: ridging in advance, width and be highly respectively 20-30cm and 20-30cm.Cultivating container is embedded on cultivation ridge.Cultivating container top edge is a little more than cultivation upper end, ridge, and cultivating container is cultivated ridge soil and closely wrapped up.Can preconditioning the soil moisture content on cultivation ridge, also can overlay film, to keep soil moisture content, avoid weed growth.
4) seedling raising and transplanting: adopt plug media to grow seedlings, be together transplanted to cultivating container central authorities together with matrix after seedling.
5) make irrigation rig: adopt nutrition liquid pool or container, the moving system of configuration pump and drip irrigation system carry out liquid manure supply, the irrigation volume while determining 80% specific retention according to cultivation matrix quantity, timing controlled.
Above embodiment is only in order to the technical solution of the utility model to be described but not be limited; those of ordinary skill in the art can modify or be equal to replacement the technical solution of the utility model; and not departing from spirit and scope of the present utility model, protection domain of the present utility model should be as the criterion with described in claim.
Claims (10)
1. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries a slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that, comprises slot type cultivating container and irrigation rig, described slot type cultivating container is embedded in soil, its upper end open, bottom sealing, sidewall is provided with perforate, and cultivation matrix is equipped with in inside; Described irrigation rig is for drip irrigation nutrient solution in described cultivating container.
2. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described slot type cultivating container is embedded in cultivation ridge, cultivating container top edge is a little more than cultivation upper end, ridge, and the soil that cultivating container is cultivated ridge closely wraps up; On described cultivation ridge, overlay film is to keep soil moisture content.
3. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described slot type cultivating container is the flat or sharp end, and top open part size is more than or equal to bottom size.
4. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described slot type cultivating container adopts PVC or PE material to make, the long 50 ~ 300cm of cultivating container, wide 5 ~ 30cm, high 10 ~ 30cm.
5. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described slot type cultivating container is formed by connecting by multistage cultivating groove.
6. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: the perforate on described slot type cultivating container sidewall is near bottom, apart from bottom 2 ~ 5cm, perforate line number is 1 ~ 3 row, line-spacing is 0.2 ~ 1cm, the spacing in horizontal direction two holes is 1 ~ 2cm, and aperture is 0.2 ~ 0.8cm.
7. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described cultivation matrix comprises vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, pearl salt, and its volume ratio is 1:(0.5 ~ 2): (0.5 ~ 1).
8. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: the peat composed of rotten mosses of stating in cultivation matrix is replaced by rice husk, coconut husk or the ight soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
9. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described irrigation rig comprises nutrient solution container, drip irrigation pipeline, the moving system of pump and control device.
10. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 9 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described irrigation rig also comprises moisture transducer, for detection of the water yield in described cultivating container, and control by described control device, make cultivating container keep suitable specific retention.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420397263.6U CN203985389U (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2014-07-17 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil |
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| CN201420397263.6U CN203985389U (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2014-07-17 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106900531A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-30 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of Improvement type soilless culture system |
| CN107980579A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-05-04 | 杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心 | For preventing the cultivation system and its application method of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN114158473A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 广西历远投资有限公司 | Nutrient bag for soilless culture of plants and cultivation method |
-
2014
- 2014-07-17 CN CN201420397263.6U patent/CN203985389U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106900531A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-30 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of Improvement type soilless culture system |
| CN107980579A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-05-04 | 杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心 | For preventing the cultivation system and its application method of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN114158473A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 广西历远投资有限公司 | Nutrient bag for soilless culture of plants and cultivation method |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141210 Termination date: 20160717 |