CN201093537Y

CN201093537Y - Flow guiding taper type pure smokeless vertical type hot water boiler

Info

Publication number: CN201093537Y
Application number: CNU2007200239268U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王树洲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-06-16
Filing date: 2007-06-16
Publication date: 2008-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2017-06-16

Abstract

The utility model relates to a pure smokeless vertical type water boiler taking a stream guidance tapering shape, which belongs to heat engineering equipment. The smokeless vertical type water boiler comprises an outer shell, a boiler tube group and a combustion apparatus; wherein, a shrunken high-temperature fume outlet is arranged at the top of a combustion hearth; a secondary combustion hearth is arranged above the high-temperature fume outlet; the cross section of the secondary combustion hearth is of a round shape; a stream guidance cone corresponding to the high-temperature fume outlet is arranged in the secondary combustion hearth; the stream guidance cone comprises a high-temperature fume guide plate which is lengthways distributed along the circumference and slantways arranged along the radial direction, and a top cap at the top of the guide plate; a secondary combustion-supporting tuyere is arranged on the secondary combustion hearth; the secondary combustion-supporting tuyere corresponds to a tangential direction of the secondary combustion hearth with the round cross section, and corresponds to the airflow guiding of the high-temperature fume guide plate; a high-temperature gas vent is arranged at the top of the secondary combustion hearth; and the high-temperature gas vent is communicated with a hot gas body cavity. The structure is reasonable, the problem of exhausting coal burning black smoke is solved, pure smokeless exhausting of combustion gas is realized, the thermal efficiency is high, the coal resources are saved, and the environment is protected.

Description

Flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler, belongs to industrial thermal equipment.

Background technology

At present, vertical hand burning water-heating boiler is a kind of small size hot-water boiler that people generally use in daily life, national standard has CLSG, LSG type etc., thermal power is between 0.07MW-1.4MW, form the series of products of some different capacities, the hot-water boiler of other traditional models also all adopts this tactic pattern basically, mainly comprise the interlayer shell, the boiler tube group, heat absorption boiler tube and burner, the boiler tube group places in the hot gas body cavity of burner top, the burner hearth below of burner is a fire grate, the below of fire grate is grey chamber, and be provided with corresponding with burner hearth adds coal stove door, the corresponding ashpit that is provided with grey chamber, the ash chamber is furnished with once combustion-supporting air port, combustion parts adopts is the form of a kind of being called " on turn down the burning formula ", also be double-deck combustion technology, and some are also arranged is employing individual layer fire grate combustion-types.

Market capacity is very big though these boiler powers are little, and the user is a lot, all is that Dark smoke billows in actual motion, and is promptly not energy-conservation, serious environment pollution again, and the thermal efficiency is also very low, is fit to present energy-conserving and environment-protective needs of society.

Shown in Figure 1 is the structural representation of vertical hand burning water-heating boiler, during burning, at first be to go up coal combustion, coal combustion under being then, the order of coal in service also is " back down in the elder generation " like this, a large amount of " fugitive constituent " flue gases that last coal combustion produces are passed down through the heat absorption boiler tube, arrive the top of lower hearth and the flue gas mixing that following coal seam produces, air-flow is operation upwards, the design wish is: only from the top coal, do not give following coal, the ashes (the broken foam of coke) that fall of burning because these broken cokes have not had " fugitive constituent " through destructive distillation, have fire not have cigarette so following burning is a light as the fuel of lower hearth above, remove to burn " the fugitive constituent flue gas " turned down from above with the cleaner fire of this strand, realize the second-time burning of flue gas, operating operation mechanism is: upper furnace door is opened, and lower furnace door closes, ashpit is half-open, and so thinking can smokeless combustion.

In fact, the boiler of this structure is in operation, and the effect of each and every one all big over-emitting black exhaust and original individual layer furnace grate compares does not have for what difference, where is the root of problem so?

Boiler is in operation, " ashes " quantity that upper fire-grating leaks down seldom, be a little broken coke foams, lower fire grating can not burn at all continuously reliably, adds that again the gas permeability of broken coal is bad, depends upper furnace alone and puts the heat energy that power can not normally be exported at all to be needed that burns so, so the operator is with regard to the top coal, bottom is the while coal also, amplifies fire so up and down simultaneously, becomes real " double-deck burning ".As seen design effect and practice effect can not coincide fully, and it is too wide in the gap, and operate and " to spare no effort to coal, few coal ", also want " on the first hook; under the hook of back " when slagging tap, fire door also will " open to the doorstep, middle door be crack, and lower furnace door is crack or half-open; also want standard-sized sheet sometimes ", in service also different according to top with following coal amount, carry out adjustment of each door opened degree or the like again, very trouble operates, the operative employee that only a few " has a high IQ; it is hardworking to work " when reaching optimum operation conditions, also can only be the black smoke point slightly of chimney, but can not fundamentally eliminate the existence of cigarette, can only be that an effect is arranged.

Why can be such? we know that fuel combustion must possess elemental fully: 1. necessary temperature; 2. enough air capacities; 3. good mixing; 4. sufficient burning time.

And in this boiler:

1. at first there is not necessary temperature: no matter be upper furnace or lower hearth, all be under the state of cooling of water, to burn, in the whole drum and upper grate the inside all is connected with cold water, though heat-transfer effect has been got well, but it is totally unfavorable to burning condition, turn round and look at this and lose that, the dense flue gas that fixed carbon itself and fugitive constituent produce does not have necessary temperature (more than 800-1000 ℃), can never reach completing combustion, so want over-emitting black exhaust, fuel " fugitive constituent " valuable in the bituminous coal accounts for 30-35% than number, all becomes toxic gas and black smoke and is discharged in the atmosphere and has gone, both waste the energy, polluted environment again.

2. there are not enough air capacities:

The grate firing pattern that the hand that this boiler structure remains original burns the formula fixed grate, combustion period and the periodic anoxia phenomenon of coal that intermittent coal is followed simultaneously show no sign of change, the different one decks that just added become two-layer fixed grate, so anoxic causes over-emitting black exhaust.

3. do not have good mixing: mixed flue gas directly enters into the boiler tube the inside and goes to carry out heat exchange, not only can not burn, the flue gas of high concentration can suddenly gather cooling on the contrary, carbon granules and some other compositions that tar steam wherein and some tiny evaporations are got up, separate out " condensing into the bigger carbochain body of volume " at once, be bonded on the boiler tube long-pending more thickly more, have a strong impact on heat exchanger effectiveness, another part then removes to stop up the random of boiler tail and is discharged in the air through flue and pollutes the atmosphere.Although so this structure was calculated when designing enough heat exchange areas are arranged, the thermal efficiency in the actual motion is but very low.

4. do not have sufficient burning time: the high concentration volatile matter that is produced in the burning is to run straight way in boiler the inside always, and the cooling while walking, and does not have time enough, does not more have temperature, so want over-emitting black exhaust certainly.

The utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler, and is rational in infrastructure, can solve the black fume of coal burning emission problem, realizes the pure smokeless emission of burning gases, and thermal efficiency height is saved coal resource, the protection environment.

Flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler described in the utility model, comprise shell, boiler tube group and burner, the boiler tube group places in the hot gas body cavity of burner top, the burner hearth below of burner is a fire grate, the below of fire grate is grey chamber, be provided with corresponding with burner hearth adds coal stove door, the corresponding ashpit that is provided with grey chamber, the ash chamber is furnished with once combustion-supporting air port, its burner hearth top is provided with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of dwindling, the top of high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided with the second-time burning burner hearth, the cross section of second-time burning burner hearth is rounded, corresponding high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided with deflection cone in the second-time burning burner hearth, deflection cone is by vertically, the high-temperature flue gas deflector that circle distribution and radial skew are provided with and the top cover at deflector top constitute, the second-time burning burner hearth is provided with the combustion-supporting air port of secondary, the tangential direction of the second-time burning burner hearth of the combustion-supporting air port of secondary corresponding circle shape cross section, and it is consistent with the air-flow guiding of high-temperature flue gas deflector, the top of second-time burning burner hearth is provided with the high-temperature gas outlet, and the high-temperature gas outlet is communicated with the hot gas body cavity.

In the utility model:

Establish the combustion-supporting air port of secondary in the high-temperature flue gas exit, strengthen combustion-supporting and perturbation action, promote the swirling flow burning.

The top cover end face of deflection cone can be designed be flat, be preferably designed as prominent shape, comprise prominent arc shape, last prominent cone-shaped etc., reduce gas-flow resistance, prevent the air-flow dead angle, be beneficial to swirling flow and burn.Deflection cone can be made by refractory material and heating resisting metal material (as heat-resisting cast iron, heat-resistance stainless steel etc.).

The high-temperature flue gas deflector can be designed to multiple shape, straight plate shape, arc plate shape, curve ruler shape etc.The quantity of deflector can be adjusted flexibly according to actual conditions, and low power equipment can lack, and powerful equipment can be more.

Do not wait according to the scale situation, the combustion-supporting air port of secondary can distribute a plurality of on the circular cross section of second-time burning burner hearth, and 2-10 suitable, and the air channel that is communicated with the combustion-supporting air port of secondary is communicated with on annular cloth wind box; In like manner, the combustion-supporting air port of secondary the second-time burning burner hearth vertically on the multilayer that also can distribute, the 2-6 layer is suitable.

Can also set up the auxiliary air port of a combustion air that distributes on every side on the hearth wall of burner hearth, promote burning, 2-10 the auxiliary air port of a combustion air that can distribute can be distributed on the same cross section, also can be dispersed on the different cross sections.

Annular cloth wind box, in " between waist " formation " annular passage " of burner, all secondary combustion airs all provide wind regime by " annular passage ", the pressure of wind is provided by equipped blower fan, blower fan can connect three-phase alternating-current supply, also can realize frequency control by frequency converter, finishes air quantity and regulates.

The utility model flow guiding bevel-type pure smokless combustion device; rational in infrastructure; can solve coal-fired over-emitting black exhaust problem; realize the pure smokeless emission of burning gases, lingemann blackness is zero, has saved coal resource; improved the thermal efficiency; energy-conservation reaching more than 30% protected environment again, economic benefit and obvious social benefit.

Operation principle:

One time combustion air passes fire grate and enters burner hearth from the fire grate top, promote coal combustion, the flammable flue gas that produces high concentration in the combustion process enters deflection cone, under the barrier effect of deflection cone top cover, through the deflection cone deflector direction is changed, produce turning moment, and and the secondary that enters the second-time burning burner hearth helps right wind, the direction unanimity, the two unification forms one and rotates the stirring air-flow consumingly, because contain a large amount of oxygen in this strand air-flow, the flammable volatility product that does not have after-flame in a large amount of burner hearths is below arranged again in the high-temperature flue gas, as carbon monoxide, the bulky grain of tar steam and flammable carbon and subparticle, or the like all inflammable substances, all will in the second-time burning burner hearth, implement to mix consumingly, having under reasonable and the enough oxygen and high temperature, all after-flame up hill and dale.Simultaneously because the heat-blocking action of refractory lining and boiler tube group and heat absorption boiler tube, make that the temperature in this space is very high, imflammable gas is under this condition simultaneously, carry out oxidizing fire fiercely, temperature is improved more, reach more than 1000 ℃, this has just strengthened effect of combustion more, owing to be spiral track route, this just makes imflammable gas that enough residence times have been arranged, the elemental of completing combustion: 1. necessary temperature; 2. enough combustion-supporting oxygen; 3. good stirring and mixing; 4. enough residence times.In this combustion mechanism, embody just rightly, flawless, this zone becomes and has the very strong oxidation " screen pack " of high-temperature, the whole after-flames of all combustibles, clean, colourless, tasteless, transparent clean gas, the inertia by high velocity air ejects from the high-temperature gas outlet with the air-flow distribution of rotating form at last, enter the hot gas body cavity, heating heat absorption boiler tube and boiler tube group.Sufficient combustion, thermal efficiency height.The high temperature gas flow of this burst rotation has also been strengthened the heat-transfer effect with boiler tube group and heat absorption boiler tube simultaneously, has improved the thermal efficiency more.

Add the stainless steel heat-resistant fiber in the refractory lining of second-time burning burner hearth, both strengthened the elevated temperature strength of furnace lining, can adjust the thermal conductivity factor of inner lining material again, both can keep this regional trouble-free burning temperature, guarantee heat transfer efficiency again, the two gets both.

The utility model flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler has solved the black fume of coal burning emission problem well, has realized the pure smokeless emission of burning gases; thermal efficiency height; save coal resource, coal saving rate reaches 30%, and lingemann blackness is 0; with the naked eye do not observe at all; discharge without any flue dust, reach pure smokeless operational effect, and fully need not any dust arrester; environment has been protected in no black smoke discharging.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1, existing vertical type water heater boiler structural representation.

Fig. 2, the utility model embodiment 1 are in conjunction with burner burning operating condition schematic diagram.

The two body structure schematic diagrames of Fig. 3, the utility model embodiment 1.

The capping top view of Fig. 4, deflection cone.

Cross-sectional structure and theory of combustion schematic diagram that Fig. 5, second-time burning hearth portion are divided.

Cross-sectional structure and theory of combustion schematic diagram that Fig. 6, the utility model embodiment 2 second-time burning hearth portion are divided.

Cross-sectional structure and theory of combustion schematic diagram that Fig. 7, the utility model embodiment 3 second-time burning hearth portion are divided.

The cross-sectional structure and the theory of combustion schematic diagram of 4 burner hearth parts of Fig. 8, the utility model embodiment.

Among the figure: a, ashpit (also being the air channel) b, fire grate c, following coal seam d, lower furnace door e, lower hearth f, upper fire-grating (the water-filling tubular type, also claim the heat absorption boiler tube) g, last coal seam h, upper furnace door I, upper furnace j, heat absorption boiler tube k, boiler tube group 1, hot water outlet m, exhanst gas outlet n, hot water o, fire-resistant pouring material (the vertical firebreak that comprises downward extension) p, flue gas track route q, cold water r, cooling water inlet s, ash chamber 1, fire grate 2, coal-fired 3, add coal stove door 4, refractory lining 5, metal shell 6, insulation material 7, annular cloth wind box 8, high-temperature flue gas 9, the combustion-supporting air channel 10 of secondary, second-time burning burner hearth 11, high-temperature gas outlet 12, high-temperature gas 13, peep hole 14, hot gas body cavity 15-1, heat absorption boiler tube 15-2, boiler tube group 16, top cover 17, high-temperature flue gas deflector 18, high-temperature flue gas outlet 19, burner hearth 20, the auxiliary air port 21 of combustion air, ashpit 22, air channel 23, straight shape deflector F1, a combustion air F2, secondary combustion air B1, B2, blower fan.

The specific embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail in conjunction with the foregoing description accompanying drawing.

That shown in Figure 2 is the embodiment 1 of flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler described in the utility model, the interlayer shell that comprises top, the burner metal shell 5 of bottom, boiler tube group 15-2 and burner, boiler tube group 15-2 places in the hot gas body cavity 14 of burner top, burner hearth 19 belows of burner are fire grate 1, the below of fire grate 1 is grey chamber, add coal stove door with burner hearth 19 corresponding being provided with, the corresponding ashpit 21 that is provided with grey chamber, the ash chamber is furnished with once combustion-supporting air port, the hearth wall surrounding of burner hearth 19 also is distributed with the auxiliary air port 20 of combustion air one time, provide combustion air by air channel 22, with burner hearth 19 top design is the high-temperature flue gas outlet of dwindling 18, the top of high-temperature flue gas outlet 18 is provided with second-time burning burner hearth 10, the cross section of second-time burning burner hearth 10 is rounded, corresponding high-temperature flue gas outlet 18 is provided with deflection cone in the second-time burning burner hearth 10, deflection cone is by vertically, high-temperature flue gas deflector 17 that circle distribution and radial skew are provided with and the top cover at deflector top 16 constitute, high-temperature flue gas deflector 17 is arc plate shape (also can be straight plate shape or curved slab shape), the end face of the top cover 16 of deflection cone is curved, second-time burning burner hearth 10 is provided with the combustion-supporting air port of secondary, the tangential direction of the second-time burning burner hearth 10 of the combustion-supporting air port of secondary corresponding circle shape cross section, and it is consistent with the air-flow guiding of high-temperature flue gas deflector 17, the top of second-time burning burner hearth 10 is provided with high-temperature gas outlet 11, high-temperature gas outlet 11 is communicated with hot gas body cavity 14, export 18 places at high-temperature flue gas and also establish the combustion-supporting air port of secondary, the combustion-supporting air channel 9 of secondary that is communicated with the combustion-supporting air port of secondary is communicated with on annular cloth wind box 7.

As shown in Figure 3, the utility model can be two body structures, upper furnace body and lower furnace body can be divided into two unit to be made separately, fabrication and installation are convenient, be convenient for changing maintenance, upper furnace body comprises the part that deflection cone is above, and the part below the upper furnace body is a lower furnace body, adpting flange is set respectively on last lower furnace body, assembles by flange and form.On the plane between two bodies of heater up and down, place " alumina silicate needle punched blanket " and, seal during assembling, will go up lower flange with bolt then and tighten fixing getting final product as mat.

In the practice, can directly use the CLSG of the national Ministry of Labour promulgation of above narration, typing drawing, manufacturing process and the test stone of LSG type series of products.Remain untouched, just lower furnace door, middle fire door are removed, directly weld drum, remove the refractory material and the firebreak of upper furnace, upper furnace, keep the usefulness of original upper furnace door, adjust a lower fire grating, grey chamber and fire door as inspection opening, be made into lower furnace body two parts, convenient enforcement.The furnace lining high-temperature flame-proof pouring material of second-time burning burner hearth adds an amount of stainless steel heat-resistant fiber, gains in strength.Make the built-in mould of cast with book iron plate according to true form and size during the upper furnace body construction, the combustion-supporting eddy flow of secondary air channel is welded with heat resisting steel, strict alignment is wanted in the combustion-supporting air channel of upper furnace body and lower furnace body, goes above leading to swimmingly with the combustion air that guarantees lower furnace body.Put into stir water material feeding with the jolt ramming of plug-in type vibrating head, and note insulation and maintenance.

The course of work:

As Fig. 2, shown in 5, one time combustion air enters burner hearth, promote fired coal combustion, the high-temperature flue gas 8 that comes up from burner hearth 19, be subjected to the restriction of deflection cone top cover 16, in deflection cone rapid " accumulation ", because gas has from the physical characteristic of high-pressure side to the low-pressure end diffusion, so high-temperature flue gas 8 passes through water conservancy diversion cone-plate diffuses flow in second-time burning burner hearth 10 fast, and under the guiding of high-temperature flue gas deflector 17, form and tilt to spray (clockwise direction), this moment, the secondary combustion air was injected to comply with direction with certain pressure and flow velocity again, the unification of two power has formed the high temperature swirling flow of rotation at a high speed in second-time burning burner hearth 10.Because contain a large amount of oxygen in this strand air-flow, all inflammable substances such as flammable volatility product that do not have after-flame in a large amount of burner hearths are below arranged again in the high-temperature flue gas, all will in the second-time burning burner hearth, implement to mix consumingly, having under reasonable and the enough oxygen and high temperature, whole after-flames up hill and dale, form " pure water white transparency " high-temperature gas 12 that does not contain any flammable composition then, air-flow with the rotation form distributes from upwards injection of high-temperature gas outlet 11, enter hot gas body cavity 14, heating heat absorption boiler tube 15-1 and boiler tube group 15-2 are heated water wherein.

That shown in Figure 6 is the embodiment 2 of the burner in the flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler described in the utility model, 23 one-tenth straight plate shapes of deflector.

That shown in Figure 7 is the embodiment 3 of flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler burner described in the utility model, and the high-temperature flue gas deflector oppositely is provided with, and makes high-temperature flue gas under the guiding of high-temperature flue gas deflector, forms anticlockwise inclination and sprays.

That shown in Figure 8 is the embodiment 4 of flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler burner described in the utility model, the constructional aspect that the combustion-supporting air channel of secondary number is many.

Cloth wind box can be passed through in each combustion-supporting air channel, realizes that as required cloth wind distributes, and provides cloth pneumatic power by same power source, simplifies auxiliary equipment.

Air feed system can be equipped with the automation frequency-changing control system, realizes automation mechanized operation.Mode as the available frequency control of adjusting of wind supply quantity solves, that is changes the method control wind supply quantity of the rotating speed of blower fan by the frequency that changes fan power.Utilize flue gas sensor (the industrial electronic retail department all has commercially available), as zirconium dioxide flue gas sensor, it presents " gas sensitive effect " to carbon monoxide, as long as it is exactly anoxic that flue gas is arranged, as long as anoxic just certainly leads to carbon monoxide, so the content of detection CO gas how much, also just directly reflected " air distribution coefficient " and the combustion conditions of combustion apparatus inside.The content of CO gas is become on the voltage signal input terminal that voltage signal is input to frequency converter, can utilize the voltage signal controlled frequency to change, the frequency conversion out-put supply is exactly the power supply of air blast.

Claims

1. flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler, comprise shell, boiler tube group and burner, the boiler tube group places in the hot gas body cavity of burner top, the burner hearth below of burner is a fire grate, the below of fire grate is grey chamber, be provided with corresponding with burner hearth adds coal stove door, the corresponding ashpit that is provided with grey chamber, the ash chamber is furnished with once combustion-supporting air port, it is characterized in that the burner hearth top is provided with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of dwindling, the top of high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided with the second-time burning burner hearth, the cross section of second-time burning burner hearth is rounded, corresponding high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided with deflection cone in the second-time burning burner hearth, deflection cone is by vertically, the high-temperature flue gas deflector that circle distribution and radial skew are provided with and the top cover at deflector top constitute, the second-time burning burner hearth is provided with the combustion-supporting air port of secondary, the tangential direction of the second-time burning burner hearth of the combustion-supporting air port of secondary corresponding circle shape cross section, and it is consistent with the air-flow guiding of high-temperature flue gas deflector, the top of second-time burning burner hearth is provided with the high-temperature gas outlet, and the high-temperature gas outlet is communicated with the hot gas body cavity.

2. flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high-temperature flue gas exit is provided with the combustion-supporting air port of secondary.

3. flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that the top cover end face of deflection cone is presented prominent shape.

4. flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high-temperature flue gas deflector is curved.

5. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boilers, it is characterized in that the combustion-supporting air port of secondary is distributed with 2-10 on the circular cross section of second-time burning burner hearth, the air channel that is communicated with the combustion-supporting air port of secondary is communicated with on annular cloth wind box.

6. flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the combustion-supporting air port of secondary the second-time burning burner hearth vertically on be distributed with the 2-6 layer.

7. flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that the hearth wall surrounding of burner hearth is distributed with the auxiliary air port of combustion air one time.

8. flow guiding tapering shape pure smokeless vertical type water heater boiler according to claim 7 is characterized in that the hearth wall of burner hearth is distributed with 2-10 the auxiliary air port of a combustion air on every side.