CN111149737B - Outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus - Google Patents
Outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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Abstract
The invention provides an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising pond; (2) pre-treating the newly hatched fries in a pond; (3) slowly putting the newly hatched fries into the fish culture pond, wherein the density is 10000-10500 tails/m3Feeding copepods larvae at the age of 10-30 days, and adding mixed bait of 0.02-0.04 mg/L betaine and sprawl meal; feeding frozen minced shrimp and compound feed to the larval fish after 30 days old until the fry culture is finished; (4) regulating and controlling the water quality; seedling culture is carried out for 6-10 days, and the depth of the pond water is adjusted to be 2.0-2.3 m; culturing seedlings for 11-20 days, replacing 4-10% of filtered seawater every day, and adjusting the salinity to 28-32; adjusting the salinity by 27-30 after the seedling culture is finished for 21 d; (5) seedling emergence; the method greatly improves the survival rate and the growth quality of the fry, and provides an important foundation for later-stage high-quality and high-efficiency artificial culture of the lateolabrax japonicus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus.
Background
Humpback bass (cromlepstein), commonly known as rat macule, kwan-yin , crayfish, acute rockfish; the method is mainly used for tropical seawater reef habitat fishes, the main distribution areas are Indian ocean, African coastal ocean and western Pacific ocean, and the south sea, Taiwan strait and hong Kong sea areas of China are distributed. The camel-backed bass generally inhabits in a calm lagoon area or a coral reef water area with good water quality and inhabits in a water depth of about 15 m. The juvenile fish is beautiful in color, can be used as ornamental fish, is delicious in taste after being grown up, and is very high-grade edible fish.
At present, most of the Bacopa camelina comes from sea fishing, the breeding research on the Bacopa camelina is less, and the research on the breeding method of the Bacopa camelina is more fresh. In the breeding process of the humpback bass, the following problems often occur: the method has the advantages that the larvae and the young fishes are delicate and poor in activity and are easy to be frightened and die, the bait fed in the fry breeding period of the larvae has poor conversion adaptability, the requirement on water quality is high, the immunity is low, large-area diseases are easy to occur, the fry breeding survival rate of the lateolabrax japonicus is extremely low, the survival rate of the existing fry breeding for more than 30 days is only about 4 percent, and therefore, the existing artificial fry breeding method of the larvae and the young fishes of the lateolabrax japonicus, which does not form a reasonable and standard high fry breeding survival rate, how to improve the fry breeding survival rate of the lateolabrax japonicus, and has important significance for later-stage high-quality and high-efficiency artificial breeding of the lateolabrax japonicus.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a Pond for raising seedlings
Selecting an outdoor pond with a flat bottom, convenient drainage and irrigation and 3.0-3.5 m water storage depth; 1 month before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond, manually removing sundries at the bottom of the fry pond, draining and airing the pond for 5-7 days, then filling filtered seawater, sterilizing by using quick lime, draining and airing the pond for 2-3 days again, and then filling the filtered seawater until the depth of the water level is 2.0-2.5 m; uniformly arranging aerated stones at the edge of the pond, and uniformly sprinkling 15-16 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond;
(2) Pretreatment of newly hatched larva in pond
Adding 0.06-0.08 mg/L of composite bacteria and natural algae every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, wherein the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-40 cm; controlling the water temperature to be 28-30 ℃, and slowly injecting fresh water in a micro-flow water form to control the water temperature, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 5.0-5.5 mg/L, and the salinity is 25-28; uniformly adding 0.5-1 mg/L of shrimp slices and golden algae into the pond every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for 2-3 days, so that the transparency of a water body is kept at 27-30 cm;
(3) fry stocking and feeding management
Raising the dissolved oxygen to 6.6-7.8 mg/L, uniformly and slowly putting the newly hatched fries from the middle part of the pond, wherein the stocking density is 10000-10500 tails/m3Feeding rotifers with individual length less than 100 microns for 3-7 days old fries every day, wherein the bait density is 10-12/ml; feeding rotifers with the length of 120-; feeding copepods larvae with the age of 10-30 days, wherein the density of the copepods larvae is 3-8/ml, and adding 0.02-0.04 mg/L of mixed bait of betaine and menhaden powder; feeding frozen minced shrimp and a compound feed for 3-5 times every day after the fry is grown for 30 days, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the fish;
(4) Water quality control
Changing water before 5 days of seedling culture, changing 2-4% of filtered seawater every day by adopting an up-down and down-down mode for 6-10 days of seedling culture, adjusting the depth of the pond water to be 2.0-2.3 m, and adding the water according to the proportion of (1-3): 1:1 of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast and nitrobacteria, and regulating the water quality; culturing seedlings for 11-20 days, replacing 4-10% of filtered seawater every day, adding photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in a ratio of 1:1, adding natural algae to keep the water body transparent for 35-40 cm, and adjusting the salinity to 28-32; changing 10-20% every day from the seedling raising time 21d to the seedling raising end, keeping the dissolved oxygen more than 6mg/L, and adjusting the salinity to 27-30; after one week of seedling culture, absorbing and removing dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond every day;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a net cage in the sea area for culture by using a running water transportation device. Compared with the traditional indoor cement pond fry culture method, the invention has the advantages that on the basis of natural illumination conditions of the outdoor ecological pond, the fry culture pond is subjected to early treatment and fattening, the transition period treatment before fries enter the pond is increased, and meanwhile, the optimal design is carried out on the stocking density, feeding management and water quality regulation of the fries, so that the stress response of the whole fry culture stage is effectively reduced, the frightening of fish schools is avoided, the adaptability of bait conversion of the fries in different fish age stages is improved, and the ingestion and the vitality of fish schools are improved, so that the quality and the survival rate of the fries are greatly improved.
Further, the natural algae comprises chlorella, schizochytrium limacinum and skeletonema costatum, and the mass ratio of the chlorella to the skeletonema costatum is 1:2: 4.
Further explaining that: in the step (2), before the newly hatched fries are placed in the pond for 2-3 days, 0.8mg/L of shrimp pieces and golden algae are uniformly added into the pond every day, so that the transparency of the water body is kept at 28-29 cm. The transparency of the fry pond is reduced to reduce the frightening of the fry, and simultaneously, the stable and good fry breeding water quality is ensured.
Further, in the step (3), the dissolved oxygen is raised to 7.3mg/L, the newly hatched fries are uniformly and slowly put in from the middle of the pond, and the stocking density is 10200 tails/m3。
Further, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the betaine to the menhaden powder in the mixed bait of the betaine and the menhaden powder is as follows: 1 (8-10).
Further explaining, in the step (4), photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and nitrobacteria are added for 6-10 days every day in a ratio of 2:1:1 to regulate the water quality.
Further explaining, in the step (4), the filtered seawater is changed to 20% every day for 11-14 d of seedling cultivation, the filtered seawater is gradually increased from 5% to 10% every day for 14-20 d of seedling cultivation, the growth rate is 1%/d, the seedling cultivation is carried out for 11-20 d of seedling cultivation, and the salinity is adjusted to 32. Is beneficial to keeping the regulation and control of water quality and reducing the influence of the fluctuation of the pond water body on the fry in the middle period of the fry.
Further explaining, in the step (4), the seedlings are changed by 10% every day for 21-25 d, the seedlings are changed by 20% every day after 26d till the end of the seedling, and the salinity is adjusted to 27 after 21d till the end of the seedling. In the later stage of fry rearing, the water exchange amount is ensured so as to maintain the optimal growth environment of the fry.
Further explaining, in the step (5), when the larval fish are 20 days old, pool separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 850-900 tails/m3。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the influence of fry entering the pond is reduced by reducing the water level depth of the outdoor pond, the early-stage fattening of the fry pond and the transition period treatment before fry entering the pond are increased are facilitated, the adaptability of the fry to the growth environment is improved, new water is slowly injected in a micro-flow water form to control the water temperature, the stress response of the fry is reduced, the change speed of the water temperature is slowed, and the water body adaptability of the fry is strengthened. In the whole fry culturing stage, in addition to the transitional domestication treatment of the initial-hatched fries in the pond stage, feeding strengthening and salinity domestication are carried out in the fry differentiation stage of the fries of 14-20 days old and the later stage culturing stage of the fries, and when the fries are 10-30 days old, copepods are matched and added with mixed bait of betaine and oil herring powder, so that the ingestion rate of the fries is improved, and when the fries are 11-20 days old, under the condition of ensuring the water quality, the fries are subjected to high salinity domestication, so that the later-stage activity and immunity of the fries are improved, the survival rate and the growth quality of the fries are greatly improved, and an important basis is provided for the artificial culture of the high-quality Lateolabrax japonicus in the later stage.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical contents of the invention may be better understood, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of a Pond for raising seedlings
Selecting an outdoor pond with a flat bottom, convenient drainage and irrigation and 3.0m water storage depth; 1 month before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond, after sundries at the bottom of the fry pond are manually removed, draining and drying the pond for 5 days, then filling filtered seawater, adopting quicklime for disinfection, draining and drying the pond for 2 days again, and then filling the filtered seawater until the water level depth is 2.0 m; uniformly arranging aerated stones at the edge of the pond, and uniformly sprinkling 15 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond; the biological organic fertilizer (special for aquatic products) mainly comprises: the water-fertilizing flora and nutrient substances comprise photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactobacillus, yeast, azotobacter, trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, manganese and the like, humic acid and vitamin substances.
(2) Pretreatment of newly hatched fries in pond
Adding 0.06mg/L of composite bacteria and natural algae every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, wherein the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-40 cm; controlling the water temperature to be 28-30 ℃, and slowly injecting fresh water in a micro-flow water form to control the water temperature, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 5.5mg/L, and the salinity is 25; uniformly adding 0.5mg/L of shrimp slices and golden algae into the pond every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for 2 days, so that the transparency of a water body is kept to be 27-30 cm;
the natural algae comprises chlorella, schizochytrium and skeletonema, and the mass ratio of the chlorella to the skeletonema is 1:2: 4.
(3) Fry stocking and feeding management
Raising the dissolved oxygen to 6.6mg/L, uniformly and slowly placing the newly hatched larval fish from the middle part of the pond, and breeding the larval fish with the density of 10000 fish/m3Feeding rotifers with individual length less than 100 microns for 3-7 days old fries every day, wherein the bait density is 10-12/ml; feeding rotifers with the length of 120-; feeding copepods larvae with the age of 10-30 days to 10-30 days, wherein the density is 3-8/ml, and adding 0.02mg/L of mixed bait of betaine and sprawl powder, wherein the mass ratio of the betaine to the sprawl powder in the mixed bait of the betaine and the sprawl powder is as follows: 1: 8; feeding and freezing 30 days old fish fry until finishing fry culturing Feeding the minced shrimp and the garrupa Jianma with a compound feed for 3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the fish;
(4) water quality control
Water is not changed 5 days before seedling culture, and the depth of the pond water is adjusted to be 2.0 m; seedling 6-10 d, adopt the mode of top-bottom discharge, change 2-4% filtration sea water every day to the pond depth of water is adjusted to 2.0 ~ 2.3m, and after accomplishing the water change, add the proportion and be 1: 1:1 of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast and nitrobacteria, and regulating water quality; culturing seedlings for 11-20 days, replacing 4-10% of filtered seawater every day, adding photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in a ratio of 1:1, adding natural algae to keep the water body transparent for 35-40 cm, and adjusting the salinity to 28; changing 10-20% every day after the seedling culture is finished for 21d, keeping the dissolved oxygen at more than 6mg/L, and adjusting the salinity to 27; after one week of seedling culture, absorbing and removing dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond every day;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a net cage in the sea area for culture by using a running water transportation device.
Embodiment 2-an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of a Pond for raising seedlings
Selecting an outdoor pond with a flat bottom, convenient drainage and irrigation and 3.5m water storage depth; 1 month before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond, after sundries at the bottom of the fry pond are manually removed, draining and drying the pond for 7d, then filling filtered seawater, adopting quicklime for disinfection, draining and drying the pond for 3d again, and then filling the filtered seawater until the depth of the water level is 2.5 m; uniformly arranging aerated stones at the edge of the pond, and uniformly splashing 16 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond; the biological organic fertilizer (special for aquatic products) mainly comprises: the water-fertilizing flora and nutrient substances comprise photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactobacillus, yeast, azotobacter, trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, manganese and the like, humic acid and vitamin substances.
(2) Pretreatment of newly hatched larva in pond
Adding 0.08mg/L of composite bacteria and natural algae every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, wherein the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-40 cm; controlling the water temperature to be 28-30 ℃, and slowly injecting fresh water in a micro-flow water form to control the water temperature, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 5.0mg/L, and the salinity is 28; uniformly adding 1mg/L of prawn slices and golden algae into the pond every day before the newly hatched larva enters the pond for 3 days, so that the transparency of a water body is kept to be 27-30 cm;
the natural algae comprises chlorella, schizochytrium and skeletonema, and the mass ratio of the chlorella to the skeletonema is 1:2: 4.
(3) Fry stocking and feeding management
Raising the dissolved oxygen to 7.8mg/L, uniformly and slowly putting the newly hatched larval fish from the middle part of the pond, and breeding the larval fish with the density of 10500 tails/m3Feeding rotifers with individual length less than 100 microns for 3-7 days old fries every day, wherein the bait density is 10-12/ml; feeding rotifers with the length of 120-; feeding copepods larvae with the age of 10-30 days to 10-30 days, wherein the density is 3-8/ml, and adding 0.04mg/L of mixed bait of betaine and sprawl powder, wherein the mass ratio of the betaine to the sprawl powder in the mixed bait of the betaine and the sprawl powder is as follows: 1: 10; feeding the frozen minced shrimp and the giant grouper compound feed for 5 times every day after 30 days of age of the larval fish and the end of the fry culture, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the fish;
(4) Water quality control
Water is not changed 5 days before seedling culture, and the depth of the pond water is adjusted to be 2.3 m; seedling 6 ~ 10d, adopt the mode of top and bottom row, change 2 ~ 4% filtration sea water every day to the pond depth of water is adjusted to 2.0 ~ 2.3m, and after accomplishing the water change, adds the proportion and is 3: 1:1 of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast and nitrobacteria, and regulating water quality; culturing seedlings for 11-14 days, wherein the filtered seawater amount is changed to 4% every day, the seedlings are cultured for 14-20 days, the filtered seawater amount is gradually increased from 4% to 10% every day, and the growth rate is 1%/d; growing seedlings for 11-20 days, adding photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria in a ratio of 1:1 every day, adding natural algae to keep the water transparency at 35-40 cm, and adjusting the salinity to 32; changing 10% of seedlings every day for 21-25 days, changing 20% of seedlings every day after the seedlings are grown for 26 days, keeping dissolved oxygen more than 6mg/L and adjusting salinity to 30 after the seedlings are grown for 21 days until the seedlings are grown; after one week of seedling culture, absorbing and removing dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond every day;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the larval fish is 20 days old, the pond separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 850 tails/m3，
When the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a net cage in the sea area for culture by using a running water transportation device.
Embodiment 3-an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of seedling raising ponds
Selecting an outdoor pond with a flat bottom, convenient drainage and irrigation and 3.3m water storage depth; 1 month before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond, after sundries at the bottom of the fry pond are manually removed, draining and drying the pond for 6d, then filling filtered seawater, adopting quicklime for disinfection, draining and drying the pond for 3d again, and then filling the filtered seawater until the water level depth is 2.3 m; uniformly arranging aerated stones at the edge of the pond, and uniformly splashing 15.5 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond; the biological organic fertilizer (special for aquatic products) mainly comprises: the water-fertilizing flora and nutrient substances comprise photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactobacillus, yeast, azotobacter, trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, manganese and the like, humic acid and vitamin substances.
(2) Pretreatment of newly hatched larva in pond
Adding 0.07mg/L of composite bacteria and natural algae every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, wherein the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-40 cm; controlling the water temperature to be 28-30 ℃, and slowly injecting fresh water in a micro-flow water form to control the water temperature, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 5.5mg/L, and the salinity is 26; uniformly adding 0.8mg/L of prawn slices and golden algae into the pond every day before the newly hatched larva enters the pond for 2 days, so that the transparency of a water body is kept to be 28-29 cm;
The natural algae comprises chlorella, schizochytrium limacinum and skeletonema costatum, and the mass ratio of the chlorella to the skeletonema costatum is 1:2: 4.
(3) Fry stocking and feeding management
The dissolved oxygen is increased to 7.3mg/L, and the newly hatched larva fishes are evenly and slowly hatched from the middle part of the pondSlow feeding with a stocking density of 10200 tails/m3Feeding rotifers with individual length less than 100 micrometers every day when the larvae are 3-7 days old, wherein the bait density is 10-12/ml; feeding rotifers with the length of 120-; feeding copepods larvae with the age of 10-30 days to 10-30 days, wherein the density is 3-8/ml, 0.03mg/L of mixed bait of betaine and sprawl powder is added, and the mass ratio of the betaine to the sprawl powder in the mixed bait of the betaine and the sprawl powder is as follows: 1: 9; feeding the frozen minced shrimp and the giant grouper compound feed for 4 times every day after 30 days of age of the larval fish and the end of the fry culture, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the fish;
(4) water quality control
Water is not changed 5 days before seedling culture, and the depth of the pond water is adjusted to be 2.2 m; culturing seedlings for 6-10 days, replacing 2-4% of filtered seawater every day by adopting an up-down and down-down mode, adjusting the depth of the pond water to be 2.0-2.3 m, adding photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and nitrobacteria in a ratio of 2:1:1 after completing water replacement, and adjusting the water quality; culturing seedlings for 14-20 days, gradually increasing the filtered seawater amount from 4% to 10% every day, and increasing the rate to 10%/d; growing seedlings for 11-20 days, adding photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria in a ratio of 1:1 every day, adding natural algae to keep the water transparency at 35-40 cm, and adjusting the salinity to 30; changing 10% of seedlings every day for 21-25 days, changing 20% of seedlings every day after the seedlings are grown for 26 days, keeping dissolved oxygen more than 6mg/L after the seedlings are grown for 21 days till the seedlings are grown, and adjusting salinity to 28; after one week of seedling culture, absorbing and removing dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond every day;
(5) Emergence of seedlings
When the larval fish is 20 days old, the pond separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 900 tails/m3And when the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a net cage in a sea area for culture by using a running water transportation device.
Comparative example 1-an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus according to example 3, the difference is that: pouring filtered seawater into the step (1) until the depth of the water level is 3.0 m; the rest is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2-an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (2), the newly hatched fries are placed in the pond for 2-3 days, and the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-40 cm; the rest is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3-an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (3), the 14-day-old self-breeding of the fish fries is finished, feeding of copepods is mainly carried out, the density is 3-8/ml, the fish fries are 30-day-old until the breeding is finished, the frozen minced fish meat is fed, the fish fries are fed for 4 times every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the fish; the rest is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 4-an outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (4), the seedlings are grown for 11-20 days, the transparency is kept at 35-40 cm, and the salinity is adjusted to 25; the rest is the same as in example 3.
The survival rates of the fries of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 after 30 days, the average body length of 30-day-old fries, and the ratio of the body length of 30-day-old fries to 3.5cm were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in the following table:
according to the above table, the survival rate and the growth quality of the larval fish are obviously higher than those of comparative examples 1-4, the survival rate of 30-day-old larval fish can reach more than 16%, the average body length of the 30-day-old larval fish is more than 3.9, the body length of the 30-day-old larval fish is more than 85% of that of the 30-day-old larval fish which is more than or equal to 3.5cm, and in the comparative examples 1-4, the ratio of the average body length of the 30-day-old larval fish to the body length of the 30-day-old larval fish which is more than or equal to 3.5cm is obviously lower than that of the method, so that the stress response of the whole larval fish culture stage can be effectively reduced, the feeding and the vitality of fish groups can be improved through transitional domestication treatment of the initial larval fish entering the pond, feeding enhancement and salinity domestication of the larval fish at the differentiation stage and the later culture stage of 14-20-day-old larval fish, and the feeding and salinity domestication stage, thereby greatly improving the quality and the survival rate of the larval fish.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. An outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a Pond for raising seedlings
Selecting an outdoor pond with a flat bottom, convenient drainage and irrigation and 3.0-3.5 m water storage depth; 1 month before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond, manually removing sundries at the bottom of the fry pond, draining and airing the pond for 5-7 days, then filling filtered seawater, sterilizing by using quick lime, draining and airing the pond for 2-3 days again, and then filling the filtered seawater until the depth of the water level is 2.0-2.5 m; uniformly arranging aerated stones at the edge of the pond, and uniformly sprinkling 15-16 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond;
(2) pretreatment of newly hatched fries in pond
Adding 0.06-0.08 mg/L of composite bacteria and natural algae every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, wherein the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-40 cm; controlling the water temperature to be 28-30 ℃, and slowly injecting fresh water in a micro-flow water form to control the water temperature, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 5.0-5.5 mg/L, and the salinity is 25-28;
uniformly adding 0.8mg/L of shrimp slices and golden algae into the pond every day before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for 2-3 days, so that the transparency of a water body is kept at 28-29 cm;
(3) fry stocking and feeding management
Raising the dissolved oxygen to 6.6-7.8 mg/L, uniformly and slowly putting the newly hatched fries from the middle part of the pond, wherein the stocking density is 10000-10500 tails/m 3；
(4) Water quality control
Changing water before 5 days of seedling culture, changing 2-4% of filtered seawater every day by adopting an up-down and down-down mode for 6-10 days of seedling culture, adjusting the depth of the pond water to be 2.0-2.3 m, and adding the water according to the proportion of (1-3): 1:1 of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast and nitrobacteria, and regulating the water quality; culturing seedlings for 11-20 days, replacing 4-10% of filtered seawater every day, adding photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in a ratio of 1:1, adding natural algae to keep the water body transparent for 35-40 cm, and adjusting the salinity to 28-32;
the seedling culture is carried out for 11-14 d, the filtered seawater amount is changed to be 5% every day, the seedling culture is carried out for 14-20 d, the filtered seawater amount is gradually increased from 5% to 10% every day, the growth rate is 1%/d, the seedling culture is carried out for 11-20 d, and the salinity is adjusted to be 32;
changing 10-20% every day from the seedling raising time 21d to the seedling raising end, keeping the dissolved oxygen more than 6mg/L, and adjusting the salinity to 27-30; after one week of seedling culture, absorbing and removing dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond every day;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a net cage in the sea area for culture by using a running water transportation device.
2. The outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the natural algae comprises chlorella, schizochytrium and skeletonema, and the mass ratio of the chlorella to the skeletonema is 1:2: 4.
3. The outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the dissolved oxygen is increased to 7.3mg/L, the newly hatched fries are uniformly and slowly put into the pond from the middle part of the pond, and the stocking density is 10200 tails/m3。
4. The outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the photosynthetic bacteria, the microzyme and the nitrobacteria are added for 6-10 days every day in a ratio of 2:1:1 to regulate the water quality.
5. The outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for high-survival-rate lateolabrax japonicus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), 10% of seedlings are changed every day for 21-25 d, 20% of seedlings are changed every day after 26d of seedlings are raised until the seedlings are raised, and salinity is adjusted to be 27 after 21d of seedlings are raised until the seedlings are raised.
6. The outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of high-survival-rate humpback bass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), when the larval fish are 20 days old, pool separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 850-900 tails/m3。
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