CN1899054A - 去糖牛奶的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以牛乳为原料通过脱脂、沉淀、超滤及重溶复原等步骤制成的去糖奶，此去糖奶可制成液态奶或固体奶粉。此去糖奶可按比例与普通牛奶混合，制成低糖液态奶或低糖固体奶。具有低乳糖、低总糖的特点，适宜于乳糖不耐症和糖尿病患者使用。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种牛乳的加工，具体地说是一种以牛乳为原料经脱脂、沉淀、超滤及重溶复原等步骤制成的去糖奶，此去糖奶可制成液态奶或固体奶粉。
背景技术：
乳糖是哺乳动物乳汁中一种特有的双糖，也是牛奶中最主要的碳水化合物(占总糖的99.8％以上)。正常新鲜牛乳乳糖的含量为4.8％～5.2％，约占牛乳非脂乳固体的52％，乳清固体的70％。乳糖进入消化道需经小肠内的乳糖酶分解生成葡萄糖和半乳糖后，方被机体吸收利用。然而，据统计，亚洲75％以上人群有乳糖不耐现象。影响牛乳的食用。为此，现有的牛乳加工中，采用了在牛乳中添加乳糖酶，先将乳糖分解的降乳糖方法来改善乳糖不耐症状，但此法却产生了相同摩尔浓度的葡萄糖和半乳糖，制品总糖的含量并不降低，大量服用，也不利稳定糖尿病患者的血糖。因此，去除牛乳中的乳糖，降低牛乳总糖含量，对保障消费者健康有着十分积极的意义。
发明内容：
综上所述，如何去牛乳中的乳糖，降低牛乳总糖含量，乃是本发明所要解决的技术问题，为此，
本发明的目的是提供一种生产去糖奶的制作方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种去糖牛奶、去糖奶粉。
本发明的又一目的是提供低糖系列牛奶的制作方法。
根据发明人最近几年对牛乳和乳糖的研究发现：
1、乳糖在牛乳中呈全溶解性，分子量较小，理化性质相当稳定，在乳品加工过程中一般不与其它物质发生化学反应。
2、采用一定的凝乳法引起牛乳蛋白结构改变，发生凝聚，大部分脂肪、蛋白、维生素、矿物质等聚集于凝乳中，而乳糖主要集中于乳清中。应用一定的缓冲液和均质方法可以恢复凝乳原乳悬状态和稳定性；而通过膜分离可快速去除乳清液中的乳糖。
3、正常牛乳乳糖的含量接近常数为4.8％～5.2％。有实验表明，若降低原牛乳乳糖含量的20～50％，即可改善乳糖不耐受症状。
因此，本发明的技术解决构思是：
先将牛乳脱脂，加入食用级凝乳酶使乳汁脂肪、蛋白，矿物质沉淀与乳清液相分离。收集沉淀物以柠檬酸缓冲液重溶。收集的乳清液以膜分离去除其中的乳糖，然后将去乳糖的乳清液与重溶液相混。此相混的去糖乳液经均质处理和高温灭菌后制成去糖液态奶或干燥制成去糖乳粉，或是将它们与正常牛乳相混制成低糖乳制品。
即，根据本发明的一种去糖牛乳的制作方法，其步骤包括：
S1、先提供低脂牛乳液，
S2、在低脂牛乳液中均匀加入钙盐液，制成含钙低脂牛乳液，
S3、对含钙低脂牛乳液加热后，边搅拌边加入凝乳酶，静置制成凝乳，
S4、将凝乳加温，并作搅拌切割，形成凝乳颗粒和乳清液，
S5、排除乳清液后，再以清水对凝乳颗粒搅拌清洗，
S6、收集凝乳颗粒，并以柠檬酸缓冲液溶解，形成乳重溶液，
S7、收集乳清液，以膜分离技术去除乳糖，得到去乳糖乳清液或去乳糖乳清粉，
S8、将乳重溶液与去乳糖乳清液或去乳糖乳清粉混合溶解得到去糖牛乳液，
S9、对去糖牛乳液进行高压均质得牛乳去糖均质液，
S10、牛乳去糖均质液经高温灭菌后，制成去糖消毒液态奶，或
S11、牛乳去糖均质液经高温灭菌后，进行干燥制成去糖奶粉。
具体地，上述步骤S1中的提供低脂牛乳液是将正常牛乳脱脂或从食品级脱脂奶粉以饮用水溶解制取；
步骤S3中所说的将含钙低脂牛乳液加热是指其加热温度为39～41℃，而所指搅拌加入凝乳酶，静置制成凝乳，其静置时间为20～45分钟；
步骤S5中所说的以清水对凝乳颗粒搅拌清洗，系以至少一倍清水对凝乳颗粒搅拌清洗。
属于同一总的发明构思，根据本发明的一种去糖消毒液态奶粉，其含量为：乳糖＜1％，总糖＜1％和蛋白质≥2.9％；
属于同一总的发明构思，根据本发明的一种去糖奶粉，其含量为乳糖＜6％，总糖＜6％，蛋白质≥30％；
根据本发明的一种低糖奶的制作方法，是将去糖液态奶或去糖奶粉与非去糖普通牛奶按比例相配制成；
根据本发明的一种低糖消毒液态奶的制作方法，是将去糖液态奶或去糖奶粉与非去糖普通牛奶按比例相配制成低糖奶，再经高压均质和高温灭菌制成；
根据本发明的一种低糖奶粉的制作方法，是先将去糖液态奶或去糖奶粉与非去糖普通牛奶按比例相配制成低糖奶，再经高压均质和高温灭菌，最后进行干燥制成。
本发明的优点是：1、先以凝乳法将凝乳沉淀出来，可提高膜法去除乳清中乳糖的效率，降低生产成本；2、凝乳与去乳糖乳清重组可保留原乳绝大部分营养物质；3、本法生产的去糖奶保持了原乳的乳清蛋白，风味、口感，还可与其它乳制品组合，进一步制作低糖液态奶、低糖奶粉。
具体实施方式：
下面列举本发明的四个实施例，并分别予以详细描述，以便更进一步提供本发明的技术细节或其性能。
实施例1
取健康母牛分泌的乳汁100公斤，离心脱脂后，加热61℃，30分钟消毒。降温至39～41℃后边搅拌消毒乳液，边缓慢加入10％CaCl2 1000ml，接着将0.2％凝乳酶液1000ml，均匀加入乳液中，静置保持45分钟。凝乳反应结束后，乳液迅速升温至45℃，以搅拌浆粉碎凝乳，形成凝乳颗粒和上清液。上清液倾出后再加入100公斤45℃清水，继续搅拌，再次将上清液倾出。过滤收集洗涤后的凝乳颗粒，以50公斤pH6.7 0.01mol柠檬酸缓冲液搅拌溶解，形成乳重溶液。收集后的上清液以超滤膜过滤去除乳糖，截留液为去乳糖乳清液。将乳重溶液与去乳糖乳清液混合，加热60℃，20MPa均质，然后灭菌，制成去糖液态奶。经检测，此去糖液态奶的含量＜1％，总糖＜1％，脂肪1.5％，蛋白质≥2.9％。
实施例2
取食品级脱脂乳粉10公斤，以100公斤水溶解成复原乳(低脂牛乳液)。对复原乳液边搅拌，边缓慢加入10％乳酸钙3000ml，同时加温达39～41℃，接着将0.2％凝乳酶液1000ml，均匀加入乳液中，静置保温20分钟。凝乳反应结束后，乳液迅速升温至45℃，以搅拌浆粉碎凝乳，形成凝乳颗粒和上清液。将上清液倾出后再加入100公斤45℃清水，继续搅拌，再次将上清液倾出。过滤收集洗涤后的凝乳颗粒，以50公斤pH6.70.01mol柠檬酸缓冲液搅拌溶解，形成乳重溶液。收集后的上清液以超滤膜过滤去除乳糖，截留液为去乳糖乳清液。将乳重溶液与去乳糖乳清液混合均质，加热灭菌，制成去糖液态奶。经检测，此去糖液态奶的乳糖含量＜1％，总糖＜1％，脂肪1.5％，蛋白质≥2.9％；或进一步使之烘干成粉末，制成去糖奶粉，经检测，此去糖奶粉其含量：乳糖＜6％，总糖＜6％，蛋白质＞30％。
实施例3
取健康母牛分泌的乳汁100公斤，离心脱脂后，乳液边搅拌，边缓慢加入10％CaCl2 2000ml，同时加温达39～41℃，接着将0.2％凝乳酶液1000ml，均匀加入乳液中，静置保持45分钟。凝乳反应结束后，乳液迅速升温至45℃，以搅拌浆粉碎凝乳，形成凝乳颗粒和上清液。离心后，将上清液倾出后再加入100公斤45℃清水，继续搅拌，再次将上清液倾出。收集洗涤后的凝乳颗粒，以50公斤pH 6.7 0.01mol柠檬酸缓冲液搅拌溶解，形成乳重溶液。收集后的上清液以超滤膜过滤去除乳糖，截留液为去乳糖乳清液。将乳重溶液与去乳糖乳清液混合得80公斤的去糖奶，再与80公斤普通新鲜牛乳相混，经均质，加热灭菌，制成低糖液态奶。经检测，此低糖液态奶的乳糖含量＜2.5％，总糖＜2.5％，脂肪3％，蛋白质≥2.9％。
实施例4
取食品级低脂乳粉10公斤，以100公斤水溶解成低脂乳液。经凝乳、柠檬酸缓冲液溶解，形成乳重溶液。将1公斤去糖高蛋白乳清粉加入乳重溶液中混合均质，加热灭菌，制成去糖液态奶。经检测，此去糖液态奶的含量：乳糖＜1％，总糖＜1％，脂肪1.5％，蛋白质≥2.9％。
Claims (10)
1、一种去糖牛乳的制作方法，包括步骤：
S1、先提供低脂牛乳液，
S2、对低脂牛乳液均匀加入钙盐液，制成含钙低脂牛乳液，
S3、将含钙低脂牛乳液加热，边搅拌边加入凝乳酶，静置制成凝乳，
S4、待凝乳反应结束后加温，并作搅拌切割，形成凝乳颗粒和乳清液，
S5、用离心或以过滤法排出乳清液后，再以清水对凝乳颗粒搅拌清洗，
S6、收集凝乳颗粒，并以柠檬酸缓冲液溶解，形成乳重溶液，
S7、收集排除的乳清液，以膜分离技术去除乳糖，得到去乳糖乳清液或去乳糖乳清粉，
S8、将乳重溶液与去乳糖乳清液或去乳糖乳清粉混合溶解得到去糖牛乳液，
S9、对去糖牛乳液进行高压均质得牛乳去糖均质液，
S10、牛乳去糖均质液经高温灭菌后，制成去糖消毒液态奶，或
S11、牛乳去糖均质液经高温灭菌后，进行干燥制成去糖奶粉。
2、根据权利要求1所述的去糖牛乳的制作方法，其特征在于步骤S1中所述的提供低脂牛乳液是将正常牛乳脱脂或从食品级的脱脂奶粉以饮用水溶解制取。
3、根据权利要求1所述的去糖牛乳的制作方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所说的将含钙低脂牛乳液加热是指其加热温度为39～41℃。
4、根据权利要求1或3所述的去糖牛乳的制作方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述的将含钙低脂牛乳液加热后进行搅拌加入凝乳酶静置制成凝乳，其静置时间为20～45分钟。
5、根据权利要求1所述的去糖牛乳的制作方法，其特征在于：步骤S5中所说的以清水对凝乳颗粒搅拌清洗，系以至少一倍清水对凝乳颗粒搅拌清洗。
6、一种根据权利要求1所述方法制成的去糖消毒液态奶，其特征在于：其含量为：乳糖＜1％，总糖＜1％和蛋白质≥2.9％。
7、一种根据权利要求1所述方法制成的去糖奶粉，其特征在于：其含量：乳糖＜6％，总糖＜6％，蛋白质＞30％。
8、一种低糖奶的制造方法，其特征在于：将去糖液态奶或去糖奶粉与非去糖普通牛奶按比例相配制成。
9、一种低糖消毒液态奶的制造方法，其特征在于：将去糖液态奶或去糖奶粉与非去糖普通牛奶按比例相配制成低糖奶，再经高压均质和高温灭菌制成。
10、一种低糖奶粉的制造方法，其特征在于：将去糖液态奶或去糖奶粉与非去糖普通牛奶按比例相配制成低糖奶，再经高压均质和高温灭菌，最后进行干燥制成。
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| EP07764072.0A EP2050341B1 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Method for preparing delactosed milk |
| UAA200901244A UA93265C2 (uk) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Спосіб приготування безлактозних молочних продуктів або молочних продуктів зі зниженим вмістом лактози |
| ES07764072.0T ES2636544T3 (es) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Procedimiento de preparación de leche sin lactosa |
| KR1020097003197A KR101122928B1 (ko) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | 유당제거 우유의 제조방법 |
| MX2009000609A MX2009000609A (es) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Metodo para preparar leche deslactosada. |
| CN2007800020906A CN101426375B (zh) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | 去糖牛奶的制备方法 |
| BRPI0715046-6A BRPI0715046A2 (pt) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | mÉtodo para preparar leite sem lactose |
| DK07764072.0T DK2050341T3 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Process for the preparation of lactose-free milk |
| AU2007278715A AU2007278715B2 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Method for making lactose-removing milk |
| RU2009102850/10A RU2443116C2 (ru) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Способ производства безлактозного молока |
| JP2009519781A JP2009543563A (ja) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | 脱乳糖の牛乳製品の製造方法 |
| PCT/CN2007/002170 WO2008011801A1 (fr) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Procédé de préparation de lait délactosé |
| CA2659806A CA2659806C (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | Method for making lactose-free milk products or low-lactose milk products |
| US12/355,535 US8580323B2 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2009-01-16 | Method for making lactose removed milk |
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| EP (1) | EP2050341B1 (zh) |
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| CN101779703A (zh) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-07-21 | 黑龙江省完达山乳业股份有限公司 | 一种低乳糖奶粉及其制备方法 |
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| US20130059033A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-03-07 | Abdulvahit ECE | Method of obtaining fresh spun cheese |
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| KR101309089B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-09-17 | 주식회사 빙그레 | 단백질이 강화된 우유 및 이의 제조방법 |
| MX368912B (es) * | 2013-07-12 | 2019-10-21 | A2 Milk Co Ltd | Beta-caseína a2 y reducción y prevención de síntomas de intolerancia a la lactosa. |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101779703A (zh) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-07-21 | 黑龙江省完达山乳业股份有限公司 | 一种低乳糖奶粉及其制备方法 |
| CN101779703B (zh) * | 2010-04-09 | 2013-07-17 | 黑龙江省完达山乳业股份有限公司 | 一种低乳糖奶粉及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| MX2009000609A (es) | 2009-03-04 |
| EP2050341A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| US8580323B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
| ES2636544T3 (es) | 2017-10-06 |
| CN101426375A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
| KR101122928B1 (ko) | 2012-03-20 |
| BRPI0715046A2 (pt) | 2013-05-28 |
| WO2008011801A1 (fr) | 2008-01-31 |
| AU2007278715B2 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
| EP2050341B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
| AU2007278715A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| CN101426375B (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
| RU2443116C2 (ru) | 2012-02-27 |
| CA2659806C (en) | 2014-12-09 |
| KR20090036135A (ko) | 2009-04-13 |
| RU2009102850A (ru) | 2010-08-27 |
| EP2050341A4 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
| JP2009543563A (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
| CA2659806A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| US20090123602A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
| DK2050341T3 (en) | 2017-08-28 |
| UA93265C2 (uk) | 2011-01-25 |
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Effective date of registration: 20070406 Address after: 200063, building 17, building 201, Ningxia Road, Shanghai, Putuo District, F Applicant after: Shanghai still dragon emulsion Co., Ltd. Address before: 200011 Shanghai city Huangpu District Liyuan Road 333 Lane 12, room 2403 Applicant before: Yan Yiqian Co-applicant before: Wang Haixia Co-applicant before: Cao Meiying Co-applicant before: Yan Yimou |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Kexing Biological Tech. Co., Ltd. Shanghai Assignor: Shanghai Shanglong Dairy Industry Co., Ltd. Contract fulfillment period: 2009.3.13 to 2011.3.12 contract change Contract record no.: 2009310000021 Denomination of invention: Method for making sugar-removing milk License type: General permission Record date: 2009.3.25 |
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| LIC | Patent licence contract for exploitation submitted for record |
Free format text: COMMON LICENSE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2009.3.13 TO 2011.3.12; CHANGE OF CONTRACT Name of requester: SHANGHAI KEXING BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20090325 |
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| AD01 | Patent right deemed abandoned | ||
| C20 | Patent right or utility model deemed to be abandoned or is abandoned |