CN1862234A - Method for testing time interval and frequency base on time-space relation - Google Patents
Method for testing time interval and frequency base on time-space relation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1862234A CN1862234A CN 200610042695 CN200610042695A CN1862234A CN 1862234 A CN1862234 A CN 1862234A CN 200610042695 CN200610042695 CN 200610042695 CN 200610042695 A CN200610042695 A CN 200610042695A CN 1862234 A CN1862234 A CN 1862234A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a time interval and frequency measuring method based on time-space relationship, belonging to the field of instrument measurement technology. Said method includes the following four steps: signal shaping step, delay-defining step, sampling step and signal processing step. Said invention also provides the concrete requirements of the above-mentioned every step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the apparatus measures technical field, particularly, specifically a kind of based on the time interval of Space Time relation and the measuring method of frequency by converting the technology that electric variable is measured the physical descriptor of any kind of to.It is the Space Time relation according to signal, can represent that one the tunnel closes that in fact gate signal does not postpone and the signal of different delay with another road section overlaps detection, make the tested time interval overlap with the inhibit signal of opening the door, react the value in the tested time interval with this, and can finish the development and the exploitation of the various time intervals and frequency measuring instrument based on this.
Background technology
The method of domestic and international employed frequency measurement at present and frequency marking comparison is still as analog interpolation, vernier method, phase comparing method, frequency difference multiplication method.High precision time interval measurement method commonly used has direct count method, analog interpolation, vernier method, phase coincidence detection method and time interval measurement method that some are special, as at signal rise time, fall time, dutycycle and time delay etc. this class periodically or the special short time interval that occurs of aperiodicity and measuring method is filled in the corresponding pulse adopted.Wherein, when directly filling out the method measuring intervals of TIME of pulse, beginning and end at gate, can produce two less than mark frequency signal short time interval one-period, that be difficult to measure, vernier method and interpolation method all are to count after with the method for simulation this time interval being handled again, can realize high-precision short time interval measurement, the actual measurement resolution of vernier method can reach 20ps.But these two kinds of methods have obvious defects, are exactly that circuit structure is all very complicated, fundamentally do not solve the measuring error of ± 1 word, and cost is higher, implements very difficult.Therefore, from property, price ratio aspect, these two kinds of methods all are unfavorable for applying.
The precision measurement of short time interval is other all amounts in Field of Time and Frequency, as the basis of precision measurements such as time or phase fluctuation, frequency and frequency stability, can be widely used in the high-acruracy survey of various non-time-frequency amounts again simultaneously.For many years, can reach the measuring method of 10ps magnitude resolution or based on the simulated time development method, or realize the conversion of time-digital quantity by an analog to digital converter any nonperiodic signal.These two kinds of methods can reach very high resolution, but switching time are long in conjunction with common interpolating method, and circuit is complicated and stability is limited.
Light, electric signal along the propagation of certain transmission path fast and stable, make us can detect the state of electric signal in time delay device, i.e. level size in medium.High precision, short time interval measurement method based on the quantization delay principle, utilize this phenomenon exactly and in conjunction with the appearance of on-site programmable gate array FPGA and scale programmable logic device CPLD, the time-delay that signal is propagated in active device quantizes, and adopts the accurate measurement of the ultimate principle realization of " serial postpones, walks abreast and count " to short time interval.But also have following defective, the work because time delay device is cascaded is so the measuring accuracy in the time interval depends on the stability and the drift of itself time delay of time delay device.The quantization delay method of arbitrary signal is owing to be subjected to the restriction of flip-flop transition of the level of device own, it is very difficult that its resolution reaches 1ns, the short time range that the quantization delay method is measured is at 100ns～10ns, in theory, above-mentioned relative accuracy can guarantee the Measurement Resolution of 1ps to the 0.1ns magnitude, but actual measurement resolution has only several ns.
Based on the problem of domestic and international employed short time interval and frequency measurement method existence at present, the measuring method that a kind of brand-new principle is provided is the problem that everybody common concern also is badly in need of solution.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve the problem that prior art exists, provide a kind of based on the time interval of Space Time relation and the measuring method of frequency, this method is the Space Time relation according to signal, can represent that one the tunnel closes that in fact gate signal does not postpone and the signal of different delay with another road section overlaps detection, make the tested time interval overlap, react the value in the tested time interval with this with the inhibit signal of opening the door.And finish measurement, and the development and the exploitation of this surveying instrument of the various time intervals and frequency based on this, to obtain the resolution of nanosecond to 10 picosecond magnitude.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to utilize the pin-point accuracy and the stable principle that is used as a natural constant in metrology of the transmission speed of signal in space or particular medium of light and electricity, above-mentioned signal is all converted to the electric signal of being convenient to handle.Concern that from Space Time when considering, these electric signal are approximately 2 * 10 as the transmission speed in the concentric cable in transmission line
8Meter per second, the transmission delay line length of nanosecond and 10 psec signal demands is respectively 20 centimetres and 2 millimeters so, so just can realize measuring the delay line length that the short time interval signal becomes easy control.Segmentation place on lag line is sampled to measured signal, and can obtain the measurement result of the time interval and frequency through follow-up signal Processing.Should be as follows based on the performing step of the measuring method of time interval of Space Time relation and frequency:
1), signal shaping step: it is to measure for the short time interval signal to measured key, is convenient to measure accurately behind the follow-up process delay approach, at first measured time interval signal is shaped as narrow pulse signal.
2), determine to postpone step: after measured time interval signal shaping becomes narrow pulse signal, to transmit by the lag line of design, the hop count of the length of the form of lag line, the material of lag line, lag line, lag line segmentation sampling is determined according to the resolution that the signal scope in transmitting speed, the tested time interval on transmission path, measurement requirement reach.
3), sampling step: the commencing signal of measured short time interval passes through from postponing transmission line, the sample point of each the sampling section on lag line, with end signal the transmission state signal at this place is sampled by another tested time interval of road, only under the situation about equating in propagation delay time of delay path and the measured time interval, can obtain the sampling coincidence signal.
4), signal Processing step: the sampling coincidence signal of obtaining is extracted, send into single-chip microcomputer then and handle, can measure the time interval of measured signal and tested signal frequency.
Above-mentioned based on the time interval of Space Time relation and the measuring method of frequency, in said definite delay step and the sampling step, measured short time interval signal divides two-way to transmit by the transmission line of the known delay line length of design, wherein the commencing signal of this signal is by one road lag line transmission delay, its end signal does not postpone by another road or than the former little delay is arranged, this end signal waits in sample point and overlapping with commencing signal that then the difference of another road delay line length of the delay line length of commencing signal process and end signal process has promptly reflected the tested time interval.The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
The present invention utilizes the traditional method precision based on frequency processing of the ratio of precision stable, that accurately this spontaneous phenomenon guaranteed of signal transmission speed higher both at home and abroad, and price is also more cheap, but also can solve the problems of measurement of very high frequency.Compare with frequency measuring instrument with the time interval of traditional kind, the present invention has wideer frequency and time interval measurement scope, higher frequency resolution and broader application.Can become the time interval and the frequency measuring instrument of a new generation in nanosecond and 10 psec accuracy range, range of application is more extensive.Clear superiority with aspects such as cost are low, performance is good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the time interval measurement schematic diagram based on the Space Time relation of simple cascade
Fig. 1 a is the time interval measurement functional-block diagram based on the Space Time relation of simple cascade
Fig. 1 b is the time interval measurement principle working waveform figure based on the Space Time relation of simple cascade
Fig. 2 is the time interval measurement based on the time-space relationship-vernier method schematic diagram of simple cascade
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the time interval measurement schematic diagram based on the Space Time relation of simple cascade, and wherein Fig. 1 a is its measuring principle block scheme, and Fig. 1 b is its measuring principle working waveform figure.
With reference to Fig. 1 a, it is the time interval measurement functional-block diagram based on the Space Time relation of simple cascade, and it is extracted by shaping unit, pulse forming unit, delay line, control circuit unit, coincidence detection and latch circuit units, coincidence signal and decoding unit (single-chip microcomputer) is formed.In time interval measurement method, because the long period that the long time interval usually was broken down into and filled clock synchronization is at interval and during door during opening and closing and the nonsynchronous little time interval of filling signal.This fine time interval usually changes in the scope of several nanoseconds or psec, considers that from the frequency stability aspect resolution of the time and frequency measurement of requirement is better than 1 psec especially.For the measurement of so short time signal with handle the influence of factors such as the speed that usually is subjected to device, noise, limited the precision of measuring greatly.But concern that from Space Time when considering, by various transmission lines are experimentized, we prove that further signal is approximately 2 * 10 as the speed in the concentric cable in transmission line
8Meter per second, the delay transmitted on this transmission line of the signal of nanosecond and 10 psecs is respectively 20 centimetres and 2 millimeters so, and this is some relatively easy to handle length line segments.Consider from this point, utilize the Space Time relation of time frequency signal transmission to come processing time problems of measurement at interval, utilize the stability of corresponding device can relatively easily obtain higher measuring accuracy on the one hand; Also can realize measurement by the short especially time interval and the corresponding relation between the good length amount of handling on the other hand for the time interval of lacking especially.To achieve these goals, open (hereinafter to be referred as opening the door) when needing and become square-wave signal with the signal shaping sinusoidal wave or other waveforms of closing (hereinafter to be referred as closing the door) respectively door, become burst pulse through handling again, here, closing gate signal need not postpone, by the accumulation acquisition of enabling signal delay and overlapping of pass gate signal, can detect this coincidence phenomenon at terminal presentation facility.Control circuit is used for controlling the work number of latch cicuit, when detecting the phase coincidence point, and then Dui Ying latch cicuit work, otherwise latch cicuit is not worked.This is so that reduce the loss of signal as much as possible for the number that reduces operating circuit.These small delays are finished by lag line.The build-out resistor of lag line end is for anti-stop signal reflections propagate in lag line.According to experiment, signal in lag line approximately with 2 * 10
8The speed of meter per second is propagated.And the lag line difference of using, the speed of transmission delay is also different.Then, the time delay of 1ns can be finished with the transmission range of signal in the transmission line of 20cm, the time delay of 1ps can be used the transmission line of 0.2mm, by means of modern microelectric technique, even can on transmission line, the detection mouth be set the littler place of distance, extract coincidence signal, like this, the precision of short time interval measurement and resolution will improve greatly.Right-hand member represents that signal is that mode with cascade provides by the coincidence testing process that postpones among Fig. 1 a, according to signal on transmission path according to the scope in transmitting speed, the tested time interval, resolution that measurement requirement reaches determine total delay path length, carry out the segmentation sampling to postponing section, here the lag line of determining length is made equidistant petal-shaped ring-type, make the pass gate signal equate to the distance of each test side.Enabling signal is sent into circular transmission line, close gate signal respectively in the terminal wait of each petal, if enabling signal overlaps with the pass gate signal, coincidence signal extracts and decoding module (single-chip microcomputer) can demonstrate test result, the coincidence signal that is detected can be sent into subsequent conditioning circuit and carry out relevant treatment, has so just finished the precision measurement to the fine time interval.Why transmission line is done and circularized is for fear of closing the influence of gate signal unnecessary delay to whole measuring accuracy.
With reference to Fig. 1 b, it is the time interval measurement principle working waveform figure based on the Space Time relation of simple cascade, and the narrow pulse signal that opens the door is through n τ
0Delay, overlap with the burst pulse of closing the door at last, by to overlapping the sampling of point detection signal, can know that this moment, enabling nulse passed through several delay units, because τ
0Be that the scope according to transmitting speed, the tested time interval, the resolution that measurement requirement reaches are determined, thus not only can detect the coincide point of signal, and can calculate the time interval to be measured according to the number that postpones the lead line segment.
T
x＝n·τ
0 (1)
In the formula (1), T
xBe the time interval to be measured, n is its delay line segment number of passing through, τ
0Be the time delay of single hop lag line correspondence.
Learn that according to above principle analysis the resolution of She Ji time interval measurement system is mainly derived from τ except the performance error influence of general device own here
0, work as τ
0During for 1ns, systemic resolution can reach 10
-9Magnitude (for 1 second time, 1 second gate time during frequency measurement), the lag line segment length of this moment is 20cm.In order to obtain higher resolution, can make τ here
0Be 1ps, corresponding delay line length is 0.2mm, and in today of microelectric technique fast development, such distance is easy to also realize that then the resolution of system can reach 10
-12Magnitude.When the lag line segment length is set to 2mm, just be easy to obtain the arbitrary time span Measurement Resolution is reached the requirement of 10ps magnitude.But also find that this measuring method can be avoided the error of common ± 1 word fully just as the homophase point detecting method.
After the time interval is accurately measured, can according to related corresponding time interval of direct frequency measurement method or multi-period synchronizing method and other principle with calculated by measured frequency by the relation of measured frequency, to realize the purpose of frequency measurement.Perhaps because what measure is gate time and the nonsynchronous short time interval of tested frequency signal, by to it determine make the precision of frequency measurement improve greatly.
Because the present invention by to tested time signal and its overlapping to detect and measure short time interval of transmission delay on length, according to this thought, further can make time interval measuring instrucment or frequency measuring instrument with the Space Time of signal relation.According to the application of microelectric technique, the lag line of scribing into required form with the plain metal microstrip line on circuit board postpones also to be easy to realize.It is then more economical, convenient to adopt the lead of concentric cable or other advantages of good shielding performance to do lag line in Proof-Of Principle experiment.
On also can be in the use of measuring method, launch, carry out vernier method and measure the extension of the short time interval between the signal in length.
With reference to Fig. 2, it is the time interval measurement based on the time-void relation-vernier method schematic diagram of simple cascade, the vernier method measurement is the specific embodiment that the present invention expands, its measuring process is: at first low frequency signal and high-frequency signal are shaped as narrow pulse signal respectively, do enabling signal with the low frequency signal after the shaping, high-frequency signal after the shaping is done the pass gate signal, and passes through from two groups of lag lines respectively.Each line segment of the lag line that enabling signal is passed through is always than the length longer (concrete length is according to the resolution value decision of setting) of each line segment that closes the lag line that gate signal passes through.Behind every group of corresponding line segment, the coincidence status of two signals is measured simultaneously.Because difference time delay of two paths of signals, the accumulation of this delay finally can make the tested time interval coincidence fully of open and close signal occur by the extension of length.And the accumulative total of the length difference that device is upward set is exactly the reflection exactly for the tested time interval.One of vernier method very important characteristic be that the resolution of measurement is than meticulous many of the scale of two vernier scales.Like this, just can make more high-resolution surveying instrument with the device that is not requirement harshness on length.
The concrete steps that vernier method is measured are as follows:
1), signal shaping step: will open the door and close gate signal and be shaped as burst pulse respectively.
2), determine to postpone step: be shaped as narrow pulse signal, respectively by the transmission of two-way lag line, each line segment of the lag line that enabling signal is passed through all length than each line segment that closes the lag line that gate signal passes through is long, and its concrete length decides according to the resolution value of setting.
3), sampling step: the coincidence status of above-mentioned two signals is sampled after postponing line segment accordingly at every group.Because difference time delay of two paths of signals, the accumulation of this delay finally can make the extension of the tested time interval by length occur opening the door and close overlapping fully of gate signal.And device is gone up the accumulative total of the length difference of setting, and is exactly the reflection exactly for the tested time interval.
4), signal Processing step: the sampling coincidence signal of obtaining is extracted, send into single-chip microcomputer then and handle, according to actual needs, can obtain the tested time interval respectively or by the result of measured frequency.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of based on the time interval of Space Time relation and the measuring method of frequency, the step of this method is as follows:
1), signal shaping step: it is to measure for the short time interval signal to measured key, is convenient to follow-uply through carrying out metering accurately behind the delay approach, at first measured time interval signal is shaped as narrow pulse signal;
2), determine to postpone step: after measured time interval signal shaping becomes narrow pulse signal, to transmit by the lag line of design, the hop count of the length of the form of lag line, the material of lag line, lag line, lag line segmentation sampling is determined according to the resolution that the signal scope in transmitting speed, the tested time interval on transmission path, measurement requirement reach;
3), sampling step: the commencing signal of measured short time interval passes through from postponing transmission line, the sample point of each the sampling section on lag line, with end signal the transmission state signal at this place is sampled by another tested time interval of road, only under the situation about equating in propagation delay time of delay path and the measured time interval, can obtain the sampling coincidence signal;
4), signal Processing step: the sampling coincidence signal of obtaining is extracted, send into single-chip microcomputer then and handle, can measure the time interval of measured signal and tested signal frequency.
2, according to claim 1 a kind of based on the time interval of Space Time relation and the measuring method of frequency, it is characterized in that in said definite delay step and the sampling step, measured short time interval signal divides two-way to transmit by the transmission line of the known delay line length of design, wherein the commencing signal of this signal is by one road lag line transmission delay, its end signal does not postpone by another road or than the former little delay is arranged, this end signal waits in sample point and overlapping with commencing signal that then the difference of the delay line length of the delay line length of commencing signal process and end signal process has promptly reflected the tested time interval.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102346236A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-02-08 | 电子科技大学 | Time parameter measurement system |
| CN109407501A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of time interval measurement method based on coherent signal processing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5982712A (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 1999-11-09 | Tektronix, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring time intervals between electrical signals |
| CN1214478A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | Measurement equipment and method for quantization delay of time interval |
| CN2736821Y (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-10-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Programmable logic device based short time interval meter |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102346236A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-02-08 | 电子科技大学 | Time parameter measurement system |
| CN102346236B (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2013-06-05 | 电子科技大学 | Time parameter measurement system |
| CN109407501A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of time interval measurement method based on coherent signal processing |
| CN109407501B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-10-27 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Time interval measuring method based on relevant signal processing |
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Assignee: Tangshan Jingyuan Yufeng Electronics Co., Ltd. Assignor: Xidian University Contract fulfillment period: 2008.9.26 to 2014.9.26 contract change Contract record no.: 2008130000043 Denomination of invention: Method for testing time interval and frequency base on time-space relation Granted publication date: 20080220 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2008.11.7 |
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