CN1859935A - 引流装置和方法 - Google Patents

引流装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1859935A
CN1859935A CNA2003801106022A CN200380110602A CN1859935A CN 1859935 A CN1859935 A CN 1859935A CN A2003801106022 A CNA2003801106022 A CN A2003801106022A CN 200380110602 A CN200380110602 A CN 200380110602A CN 1859935 A CN1859935 A CN 1859935A
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米凯尔·拉松
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Medela Holding AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71—Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/74—Suction control
    • A61M1/743—Suction control by changing the cross-section of the line, e.g. flow regulating valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71—Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/74—Suction control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/84—Drainage tubes; Aspiration tips
    • A61M1/85—Drainage tubes; Aspiration tips with gas or fluid supply means, e.g. for supplying rinsing fluids or anticoagulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/90—Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3546—Range
    • A61M2205/3569—Range sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/10—Trunk
    • A61M2210/101—Pleural cavity

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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
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Abstract

一种通过抽吸从体腔例如胸腔、胃或任何其它人体腔内或从伤口内移除体液的装置，包括当打开辅助管(5)时增大引流管(3)内压力和大气压力之间的压力差的部件(9)。该装置能够以有效和不干扰患者的方式移除导管和引流管中的凝块和其他栓塞。

Description

引流装置和方法
技术领域
[1]本发明涉及从体腔中移除流体的装置和方法，优选胸腔引流装置。
背景技术
[2]引流装置用来从人体腔或者伤口中引流流体以加速复原，例如开胸手术之后的复原。该装置通常包括抽吸泵、通常与水下密封容器连接的收集器和具有远端和近端的引流管。引流管的近端与***体腔的导管相连，其远端分别伸入收集器或水下密封容器。必须小心地选择所施加的负压，因为过大的压力会损害体腔内脆弱的组织。
[3]然而，血液或组织凝块会阻塞导管或引流管，使得液体不容易排入液体收集器而是趋于堵塞导管、引流管，甚至可能留在体腔内。因此有时需要在体腔开孔以移除引流流体。
[4]已知使用近端与引流管流体接触的辅助管。该辅助管用于向引流管供应空气或气体。所述供应通过阀和压力传感器控制。例如US-A-5,738,656描述了这样的装置。
[5]然而，当导管和引流管堵塞时，仍然必须移除和清洗。
发明内容
[6]本发明的目的是提供一种从体腔中移除流体的方法和装置，它能够以更简单和更有利的方式除去导管和引流管中的凝块。
[7]这个目的通过具有分别根据权利要求1、权利要求2和权利要求16的特征的装置和方法实现。
[8]本发明的装置通过抽吸从体腔例如胸腔、胃或任何其他人体腔中或从伤口中移除体液，该装置包括与现有技术装置同样的基本部件。然而，当辅助管打开时，提供增大引流管内压力和大气压力之间的压力差的部件。在优选实施方案中，此部件是控制器，其控制抽吸泵并由此增大抽吸泵的抽吸功率。
因为辅助管打开并且大气中的空气或气体可进入体腔，因此，体腔内的压力将等于或至少接近于大气压或甚至由辅助管施加更高的压力。然而，通过增大引流管远端处的引流管内压力，引流管内或导管内的凝块可通过该远端而被移除，没有任何可发生导管内伤害的风险。当凝块最终被移除时，因为辅助管仍然开放，因而***内的压力是等于或接近于大气压的。在此阶段也不会发生对体腔的损伤。
因此凝块可简单地移除，而不需要移除和再***引流管来干扰患者。
具有额外优点的本发明的其他特征在从属权利要求中描述。
附图说明
下文中更详细地说明了本发明并通过附图使之更直观。
图1示出引流过程中的本发明装置示意图；
图2示出移除隐蔽的凝块过程中的装置；和
图3示出移除凝块后的装置。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的装置包括抽吸源，优选抽吸泵1；抽吸引流收集部件包括引流液收集器2或包括具有额外的水下密封容器的容器***；导管部件包括引流管3、导管4和辅助管5；第一压力传感器6；阀7；第二压力传感器8和控制器9。
抽吸泵1通过管10与引流液收集器2连接。第二压力传感器8测量管10内的压力。第二压力传感器8也可以放置在引流液收集器2或引流管3中。引流液收集器2用气密盖关闭。在使用时，这就是水下密封。引流管3包括与容器2开口连接的远端。引流管3的近端终止于导管4中，导管4适合放置在体腔T例如胸腔内接近伤口处。引流管3的近端还和辅助管5的近端流体连通。优选地，两个管3和5由在末端分成两根分开的管的双腔管构成，每根管分别形成辅助管5和引流管3的末端。然而，也可以是两根分开的管。
辅助管5的末端区域提供有第一压力传感器6并可以通过阀7关闭。
控制器9至少与抽吸泵1以及第一压力传感器6、第二压力传感器8和阀7中的一个相连通。优选地，控制器9和所有这些组件相连通。
抽吸泵1是本领域公知的抽吸泵，其中泵1的功率和因此产生的负压可以通过控制器9改变。阀7是本领域公知的阀并且可以优选通过控制器9进行电子调节。第一和第二压力传感器7和8是本领域公知的传感器并且可以优选通过控制器读取或可以把测量数据传输到控制器。这些部件和控制器之间的连接优选为有线的，然而，无线通信或数据传送也可以。
图1示出正常引流过程中装置的使用。抽吸泵1产生负压P1，通常约为-30cmH2O(≈3kPa)。阀7关闭。这导致体液被从体腔T中抽吸，经由引流管3进入液体收集器2。箭头示出流动方向。第一和第二压力传感器7、8测量同一压力P1。当凝块C被从体腔T吸入引流管3时，凝块可以如图2所示很容易地在通风循环中被移除。阀7打开引起辅助管5内的压力至少增大至大气压，这是因为打开阀7导致新鲜空气进入辅助管5。通过经由阀7将空气或气体泵入辅助管5，压力甚至还可以增加更多。空气流动也用箭头示出。当阀打开时或阀打开的同时，抽吸泵1的抽吸功率增大。这增加了引流管3中压力和大气压力之间的压力差。优选地，该压力差可以增大以使引流管3内的负压水平达到正常引流过程中负压水平的至少一半。此压力差的增大将把凝块C吸入容器2。第一压力传感器6测量的压力为0cmH2O或高于大气压的正压，第二压力传感器8测量的压力为P2。P2例如可以是-650cmH2O(≈64kPa)。
图3中，凝块C已经到达容器2并且引流管3打开。两个压力传感器7、8测得0cmH2O。阀7可以再次关闭并且可以重新开始正常的引流循环。
如果控制器9与第一压力传感器6连接，可以检测到由凝块C被吸入引流管3而引起的压力变化。这可用作控制器9的信号，以自动打开辅助管5的阀7和自动增大抽吸功率和由此产生的压力差。第二压力传感器8可以指示控制器9，凝块C已被移除和引流管3再次开放。控制器9随后可以自动降低抽吸功率至正常引流功率并可以随后关闭阀7以启动正常的引流过程。然而，也可以手动操纵控制器并分别开放和关闭阀。在简单的实施方案中，控制器是改变抽吸泵1的抽吸功率的旋钮。
可以通过平稳地或突然地增大抽吸功率而连续或突然增大压力差。哪个程序得到更好的结果取决于体腔的类型和所抽吸的流体的种类。为了防止任何对患者的损伤，压力差只有在压力至少与大气压一致时才增大。
本发明的装置和方法能够以有效和不干扰患者的方式移除导管和引流管中的凝块或其他栓塞。
附图标记列表
T  体腔
C  凝块
1  抽吸泵
10  管
2  引流液收集器
3  引流管
4  导管
5  辅助管
6  第一压力传感器
7  阀
8  第二压力传感器
9  控制器

Claims (16)

1.一种通过抽吸从体腔(T)内移除体液的装置，包括具有引流管(3)和辅助管(5)的导管部件，该导管部件适合放置在待引流体液的体腔(T)内的伤口附近，引流管(3)的近端与辅助管(5)的近端流体连通；
抽吸引流收集部件(2)，用于与引流管(3)流体连通连接和接收来自体腔(T)的引流体液；
抽吸源(1)，用于实现引流管(3)内的负压；和
部件(7)，用于打开辅助管(5)以便向体腔(T)供应空气或气体，
其特征在于，当打开辅助管(5)时，提供部件(9)以增大引流管(3)内压力和大气压力之间的压力差。
2.权利要求1的装置，其中抽吸源是抽吸泵(1)，并且用于增大压力差的部件是抽吸泵(1)的控制器(9)，其可以增大抽吸泵(1)的抽吸功率。
3.权利要求1或2中任一项的装置，还包括第一压力传感器(6)，其测量辅助管(5)内压力并与用于增大压力差的部件(9)连通。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的装置，其中用于增大压力差的部件(9)与用于打开辅助管(5)的部件(7)相连通。
5.权利要求1-3中任一项的装置，其中可以增大所述压力差，以使引流管(3)内的负压水平达到引流过程中负压水平的至少一半。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的装置，还包括部件(8)，其用于测量抽吸引流收集部件(2)和引流管(3)中的至少一个内的压力。
7.权利要求6的装置，其中所述部件是第二压力传感器(8)。
8.权利要求7的装置，其中用于增大压力差的部件(9)与第二压力传感器(8)相连通。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的装置，其中用于增大压力差的部件(9)连续增大压力。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项的装置，其中用于增大压力差的部件(9)突然增大压力。
11.一种操作通过抽吸从体腔(T)内除去体液的装置的方法，该装置包括：
具有引流管(3)和辅助管(5)的导管部件，所述导管部件适合放置在待引流体液的体腔(T)内的伤口附近，引流管(3)的近端与辅助管(5)的近端流体连通；
抽吸引流收集部件(2)，用于与引流管(3)流体连通连接和接收来自体腔(T)的引流体液；
抽吸源(1)，用于实现引流管(3)内的负压；和
部件(7)，用于打开辅助管(5)以便向体腔(T)供应空气或气体，
该方法包括以下步骤：
打开辅助管(5)，和
增大引流管(3)内压力和大气压力之间的压力差。
12.权利要求11的方法，其中通过增大抽吸源(1)的功率来增大压力差。
13.权利要求11或12中任一项的方法，其中测量辅助管(5)内压力并且仅当所述压力至少与大气压一致时才增大压力差。
14.权利要求11-13中任一项的方法，其中通过打开第一阀(7)来打开辅助管(5)。
15.权利要求12、13和14中任一项的方法，其中通过控制器(9)控制抽吸源(1)，并且其中控制器(9)与阀(7)和测量辅助管(5)内压力的第一压力传感器(6)中的至少一个相连通。
16.一种通过抽吸从体腔(T)内移除体液的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：
提供具有引流管(3)和辅助管(5)的导管部件，所述导管部件适合放置在待引流体液的体腔(T)内的伤口附近，引流管(3)的近端与辅助管(5)的近端流体连通；
提供抽吸引流收集部件(2)，用于与引流管(3)流体连通连接和接收来自体腔(T)的引流体液；
提供抽吸源(1)，用于实现引流管(3)内的负压，和
提供部件(7)，用于打开辅助管(5)以便向体腔(T)供应空气或气体，
该方法还包括下列步骤：
打开辅助管(5)，和
增大引流管(3)内压力和大气压力之间的压力差。
CN2003801106022A 2003-12-22 2003-12-22 引流装置和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1859935B (zh)

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US8486051B2 (en) 2013-07-16

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