CN1843074B - Cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use - Google Patents
Cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use Download PDFInfo
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- CN1843074B CN1843074B CN200610018988XA CN200610018988A CN1843074B CN 1843074 B CN1843074 B CN 1843074B CN 200610018988X A CN200610018988X A CN 200610018988XA CN 200610018988 A CN200610018988 A CN 200610018988A CN 1843074 B CN1843074 B CN 1843074B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating chrysanthemum flower for tea of nuisance free. The invention comprises the following steps: getting toxic-free seed through culturing with non-hormone tissue, dressing organic fertilizer particular for chrysanthemum flower in early cultivation period; watering and dressing basic and further fertilizer for the cultivating soil or medium during seed growing process. The invention with standardized process is good for establishing standardized chrysanthemum flower plantation, increasing technological content of chrysanthemum flower production, so the farmers can learn the planting technology and also we can get chrysanthemum flower for tea of nuisance free with high productivity and quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation of plants method, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use.
Background technology
The chrysanthemum for tea use nature and flavor are slightly cold, little sweet, contain more volatile oil, glycosides displayed, adenosine, Coumarins and alkaloid, and contain trace elements such as abundant iron, zinc, calcium.Long-term drinking, have that heat-clearing is quenched one's thirst, beneficial liver tonifying yin, the detoxifcation that makes eye bright, wet one's whistle promote the production of body fluid, blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing, fat-reducing and beauty, anti-effect of prolonging life always.China people just have the custom of drinking chrysanthemum tea since ancient times.Along with constantly being verified with chrysanthemum tea, inulin goods, the effect of chrysanthemum for tea use continually develops in recent years, improve day by day to the requirement of its demand, kind and quality in market, annual domestic and international market demand is 5000000～6000000kg, and wherein about 30% for export.Chrysanthemum tea has developed into the second largest conventional beverage that China is only second to tealeaves now.
And in the cultivation of chrysanthemum for tea use now, the general land for growing field crops crops fertilizer that uses of the nutrient of chrysanthemum for tea use management, i.e. fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.Fertilizer mainly is the person poultry muck, and it amasss system, the system of macerating, fermentation, processing skill and technique and use and still rests on the very original level, and is both dirty and tired, can not form batch production production, does not adapt to the needs of chrysanthemum for tea use commodity production; The cost of manufacture of these fertilizers is higher, and the effective fertilizer composition utilization ratio is low, is difficult to satisfy the demand of chrysanthemum for tea use to nutrition; Fertilizer particularly person poultry muck causes serious matrix biological pollution, environmental pollution without sterilization processing, and is opposing with the health-care effect of chrysanthemum for tea use.Inorganic fertilizer mainly is to replace with crops chemical fertilizer or composite fertilizer, causes fertilizer cost to improve, and fertilization effect is not good, and the output and the quality of chrysanthemum for tea use are influenced, thereby have reduced the commodity value of chrysanthemum for tea use.The fertilising of chrysanthemum for tea use mostly still is the experience fertilising aborning in addition, the requirement of incompatible modernized chrysanthemum for tea use standardization metering prescription and balance fertilizing.
There is not at present document openly to utilize the obtaining hormone-free tissue culture detoxified seedling of chrysanthemum for tea use to carry out the nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use cultivation as yet, thereby obtains nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of obtaining hormone-free tissue culture detoxified seedling that utilizes to carry out the nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use cultivation, thereby obtain the method for nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use, select obtaining hormone-free tissue culture detoxified seedling for use, and use the organic base manure of chrysanthemum for tea use the early stage of planting; In the detoxic seedling process of growth, cultivating soil or matrix are executed water guarantee that cultivating soil or matrix are damp state; In the detoxic seedling process of growth, to cultivating soil or matrix basal dressing with topdress.
Described detoxic seedling obtains by the following method: the acquisition of (1) chrysanthemum for tea use stem apex explant: after will sterilizing with the chrysanthemum for tea use stem section of terminal bud, peel the spire of terminal bud outside off, expose stem apex, cut stem apex; (2) formation of the cultivation of chrysanthemum for tea use stem apex explant and the bud of growing thickly: stem apex is supported 4～6 all backs form the bud of growing thickly in inducing culture; (3) the grow thickly virus of bud of chrysanthemum for tea use detects: when the length of the bud of growing thickly is 2.5～3.5cm, during 2～3 leaves of tool, can be cut into individual plant, each individual plant that is produced by stem apex is carried out virus detection; (4) the chrysanthemum for tea use propagation of bud of growing thickly: will detect the individual plant of confirming not have after the virus through virus and be transferred on the root media and cultivate, when plant grows to 6～8cm, plant is cut into breeds with the stem section of 1～2 joint that (proliferation conditions is: fluorescent light source, continuous illumination every day 12h, intensity of illumination is 2000～3000lx, cultivation temperature (25 ± 1) ℃.); (5) chrysanthemum for tea use is bred taking root of seedling and transplanted: the seedling after will breeding is after taking root on the root media, hardening, take out test-tube plantlet, after cleaning the root system of test-tube plantlet with clear water again, be transplanted into and mix with perlite by sterilization peat that cultivation promptly obtains the chrysanthemum for tea use obtaining hormone-free tissue culture detoxified seedling in the matrix of (1: 1).
Described topdress use for: when the whole ground, add the special-purpose base manure of chrysanthemum for tea use and make base fertilizer.Use chrysanthemum and topdress 1 time the little seedling stage in 1 week after field planting survives; At the animated period of nourishing and growing, use chrysanthemum and topdress 2 times; Deciding the head back 10～20 days, use chrysanthemum and topdress 1 time; After bud forms, use the chrysanthemum special use and topdress 1 time.
The active ingredient weight ratio of described base manure is: nitrogen 3-6, phosphorus pentoxide 11.5-13.75, potassium oxide 2-5, wherein nitrogen and potassium oxide come from fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide is mixed by following raw material from organic cake fertilizer and normal superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphoric acid can be formulated by above-mentioned raw materials: can be in following ratio preparation: colza cake or the become thoroughly decomposed chicken manure of organic cake fertilizer for fully pulverizing, contain nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide in the colza cake or the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Its amount of application of every mu is: the 150-450 kilogram; The amount of application that normal superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphoric acid are every mu is the 50-54 kilogram.
Effective element weight ratio in described the topdressing is: nitrogen 21.69-25.65, potassium oxide 28.44-34.50, calcium 13.76-21.00, magnesium 1.05-1.99, manganese 0.76-1.31, iron 0.16-0.27, copper 0.42-0.44, zinc 0.61-0.96, boron 1.75-3.82 and molybdenum 0.08-0.09.Wherein nitrogen is mainly from urea, potassium oxide is mainly from potassium chloride or potassium sulphate, calcium is from nitrate of lime or calcium carbonate, and magnesium is from magnesium sulfate, and manganese is from manganese sulfate monohydrate, iron is from ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, copper is from cupric sulfate pentahydrate, and zinc is from monohydrate zinc sulphate, and boron is from boric acid or borax, molybdenum can be formulated by above-mentioned raw materials from ammonium molybdate.Wherein, topdress and can prepare in following ratio: contained working substance weight is in every mu of amount of application, unit kilogram: urea: 18-22; Potassium chloride or potassium sulphate: 10-15; Calcium carbonate or nitrate of lime: 6-18; Magnesium sulfate: 1-5; Manganese sulfate monohydrate: 0.4-1; Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate: 0.1-0.6; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate: 0.1-0.6; White vitriol: 0.1-0.8; Borax: 3-8; Ammonium molybdate: 0.01-0.08.
This cultivation method, the standardization of program, compare with traditional chrysanthemum for tea use planting technology, help construction criteria chrysanthemum for tea use plantation, the demonstration of the chrysanthemum for tea use that standardizes plantation, improve the scientific and technological content that chrysanthemum for tea use is produced, both be convenient to the planting technology that the peasant learns chrysanthemum for tea use as early as possible, the novel non-pollution health care chrysanthemum for tea use product of the high yield of getting back, quality product matter.
Embodiment
Cultivation matrix or soil: in contain: cadmium :≤0.30mg/kg; Mercury :≤0.30mg/kg; Arsenic :≤40mg/kg; Plumbous :≤250mg/kg; Chromium :≤150mg/kg; Copper :≤150mg/kg.
The water quality of Shi Shui contains: total mercury, in Hg :≤0.001mg/L; Total cadmium is in Cd :≤0.005mg/L; Total arsenic is in As :≤0.1mg/L; Total plumbous, in Pb :≤0.1mg/L; Chromium (sexavalence) is in Cr :≤0.1mg/L; Cyanide :≤0.5mg/L; Chloride :≤250mg/L; Fluoride is in F :≤2.0mg/L; Petroleum-type :≤10mg/L; Nitrite.With NaNO2 :≤4.0 (mg/L); Nitrate is with NaNO3 :≤400 (mg/L); PH value≤5.5～7.5.
The use of topdressing is prepared by every mu of weight ratio: urea: 19.9kg; Normal superphosphate: 52.3kg; Potassium chloride: 11.1kg; Nitrate of lime: 15.8kg; Magnesium sulfate: 3.3kg; Manganese sulfate monohydrate: 0.6kg; Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate: 0.3kg; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate: 0.3kg; White vitriol: 0.4kg; Boric acid: 3.5kg; Ammonium molybdate: 0.03kg.
Base manure adopts the colza cake that fully pulverizes, and uses by every mu of 180～220kg, and the active ingredient that contains in the 200kg colza cake is: nitrogenous is 9.2kg; Phosphorus pentoxide is 4.96kg; Potassium oxide is 2.8kg.
Utilize chrysanthemum for tea use not have the detoxic seedling that the hormone tissue culture technique obtains, neither contain hormone, also have advantages such as reproduction speed is fast, with low cost, disease resistance is strong, growth potential is prosperous, purification and rejuvenation, high yield, help implant mass and obtain green non-pollution health care chrysanthemum for tea use, thereby guarantee novel non-pollution health care chrysanthemum for tea use high yield, quality product matter.
Water management
The basic principle of chrysanthemum for tea use water management is: cultivating soil (matrix) is damp state, guarantees the optimum growth of chrysanthemum strain.
(1) chrysanthemum for tea use seedling stage, plant is little, should see that capable person waters.
(2) fertility the early stage is that to happen the end of spring and the beginning of summer vegetative growth phase rainy, and soil moisture content is higher, and prevention waterlogging in time dig trenches to drain the water away.
(3) after the chrysanthemum for tea use pinching,, should suitably detain water for making a branch sturdy.
(4) entered for seven Augusts, should give comparatively sufficient moisture.
(5) behind the fixed head of chrysanthemum for tea use, the chrysanthemum strain just changes reproductive growth over to again after nourishing and growing after a while, for the control height, be beneficial to flower bud differentiation, needs restraining water the water yield.
(6) after the chrysanthemum for tea use flower bud differentiation was finished, the chrysanthemum strain was advanced the people and is grown the period of full bloom, need give sufficient moisture, revealed look until bud and just put, so will in time carry out drought resisting work.
(7) the gathering to divide and just can finish for 3～4 times of chrysanthemum for tea use fresh flower for guaranteeing the quality and quantity of every batch of flower, after chrysanthemum for tea use enters flowering stage, still needs comparatively sufficient moisture, but when watering, should avoid fresh idea, in order to avoid ponding rots.
Rationally use special fertilizer for making chrysanthemum flower
1) chrysanthemum is the happiness fertilizer-plant, needs base manure, topdresses and lay equal stress on, and uses the special-purpose base manure of chrysanthemum the early stage of planting, and the later stage rationally uses the chrysanthemum special use to topdress.
(2) field planting survives the little seedling stage in 1 week of back, and fertilizer can not overrich, can use the chrysanthemum special use and topdress 1 time.
(3) animated period of nourishing and growing can be used the chrysanthemum special use and topdresses 2 times.
(4) decide to use the chrysanthemum special use and topdress 1 time about the two weeks of head back, form in order to bud.
(5) can use the chrysanthemum special use after bud forms and topdress 1 time, but should avoid polluting leaf.
(6) after the fertilising, should keep ground moistening.
When (7) applying fertilizer, need weed with a hoe in good time, keep soil permeability.
(8) if the chrysanthemum leaf is blocked up, excessive, warp takes place, when sagging, illustrate that fertilizer is fair to have a surplus enough, should be controlled.
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Utilize the damage by disease and insect of highly-effective low-residue pesticide control chrysanthemum for tea use, as under the choose reasonable prerequisite of control time, with the disease of 500～800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 100～150 times of liquid of bordeaux mixture or the like control chrysanthemum for tea use; Before chrysanthemum for tea use results 1 month, the plan pyrethrin pesticide (common have cypermethrin, sumicidin, decis) that utilizes efficient, low toxicity, low-residual is consumption (effective ingredient/hm routinely
2) 4000 times of liquid sprayings, effective kill pests, and can not cause the pollution of chrysanthemum for tea use and residual.
The damage by disease and insect of also available biological control method control chrysanthemum for tea use as enhancing field management, is rationally regulated moisture and humidity, and the rational application of fertilizer improves the resistivity of plant to damage by disease and insect; Reduce and infect the source; With other crops efficent rotation and intercropping; Utilize physics, machinery and artificial control; Reasonable Protection beneficial insect and natural enemy utilize biological control (controlling worm with worm) etc.
Nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use through said method cultivation: test by analysis, contained nutrient component is respectively (a unit: the g/ strain): nitrogen 0.38-0.62, phosphorus pentoxide 0.12-0.36, potassium oxide 0.34-1.06, calcium 0.24-0.36, magnesium 0.012-0.052, manganese 0.015-0.020, iron 0.003-0.007, copper 0.005-0.011, zinc 0.007-0.025, boron 0.02-0.10, molybdenum 0.001-0.002 in normal growth, the chrysanthemum for tea use plant that grows, bloom;
Utilize detoxification chrysanthemum for tea use tissue culturing seedling to be planting material, and adopt asexual reproduction methods such as plant division, cuttage to compare in the traditional chrysanthemum for tea use production, detoxic seedling has characteristics such as disease resistance is strong, growth potential is prosperous, purification and rejuvenation, high yield.Therefore, in the production of novel non-pollution chrysanthemum for tea use, utilize the detoxic seedling will be to realizing the standardized planting of chrysanthemum for tea use, for critical effect is played in the modern production of chrysanthemum for tea use.
In traditional chrysanthemum for tea use extermination of disease and insect pest, usually rely on chemical pesticide control, the chemical pesticide consumption is increased severely, cause residue of pesticide, pest resistance and increase rampant " 3R " problem again to produce, both destroyed the ecological balance, be detrimental to health again.This cultivation method utilizes the damage by disease and insect of highly-effective low-residue agricultural chemicals or biological control method control chrysanthemum for tea use, both can reach of the harm of control damage by disease and insect to chrysanthemum for tea use, save agricultural chemicals again, alleviate agricultural chemicals residual in chrysanthemum for tea use, safeguard the sustainable development of chrysanthemum for tea use planting environment ecosystem balance and assurance chrysanthemum for tea use, thereby realized the nuisanceless production of chrysanthemum for tea use.
In traditional chrysanthemum for tea use is produced, because there is not special fertilizer for making chrysanthemum flower, usually utilize the inorganic fertilizer of land for growing field crops crops to replace, caused chrysanthemum for tea use fertilizer production cost height, application effect not remarkable on the one hand, even can't keep the normal growth of plant, output reduces, quality variation, and chemical fertilizer uses in a large number on the other hand, cause body eutrophication, destroy the ecological balance, also made soil compaction, influenced the normal growth of chrysanthemum for tea use.So according to the dedicated fertilizer that chrysanthemum for tea use is grown, law of development is developed, and rationally use aborning, can overcome the blindness in traditional chrysanthemum for tea use plantation, guarantee that chrysanthemum for tea use is in the vigorous growth of prescribing adequate nutrition state.
Claims (6)
1. a cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use is characterized in that: select obtaining hormone-free tissue culture detoxified seedling for use, use the organic base manure of chrysanthemum the early stage of planting; In the detoxic seedling process of growth, cultivating soil or matrix are executed water guarantee that cultivating soil or matrix are damp state; In the detoxic seedling process of growth, to cultivating soil or matrix spraying fertilizer; The organic base manure of described chrysanthemum is the cake fertilizer of nitrogenous, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, cake fertilizer is used by every mu of 180～220kg, described detoxic seedling obtains by the following method: the acquisition of (1) chrysanthemum for tea use stem apex explant: after will sterilizing with the chrysanthemum for tea use stem section of terminal bud, peel the spire of terminal bud outside off, expose stem apex, cut stem apex; (2) formation of the cultivation of chrysanthemum for tea use stem apex explant and the bud of growing thickly: stem apex is supported 4～6 all backs form the bud of growing thickly in inducing culture; (3) the grow thickly virus of bud of chrysanthemum for tea use detects: when the length of the bud of growing thickly is 2.5～3.5cm, during 2～3 leaves of tool, be cut into individual plant, each individual plant that is produced by stem apex is carried out virus detection; (4) the chrysanthemum for tea use propagation of bud of growing thickly: will detect the individual plant of confirming not have after the virus through virus and be transferred on the root media and cultivate, when plant grows to 6～8cm, plant is cut into the stem section of 1～2 joint breeds, proliferation conditions is: fluorescent light source, continuous illumination every day 12h, intensity of illumination is 2000～3000lx, cultivation temperature (25 ± 1) ℃; (5) chrysanthemum for tea use is bred taking root of seedling and transplanted: the seedling after will breeding is after taking root on the root media, hardening, take out test-tube plantlet, after cleaning the root system of test-tube plantlet with clear water again, be transplanted into by cultivating in 1: 1 sterilization peat and the matrix that perlite mixes and promptly obtain the chrysanthemum for tea use obtaining hormone-free tissue culture detoxified seedling, the active ingredient weight ratio of described organic base manure is: nitrogen 3-6, phosphorus pentoxide 11.5-13.75, potassium oxide 2-5, wherein nitrogen and potassium oxide come from fertilizer, and phosphorus pentoxide is from organic cake fertilizer and normal superphosphate; Described active ingredient weight ratio of topdressing is: nitrogen 21.69-25.65, potassium oxide 28.44-34.50, calcium 13.76-21.00, magnesium 1.05-1.99, manganese 0.76-1.31, iron 0.16-0.27, copper 0.42-0.44, zinc 0.61-0.96, boron 1.75-3.82, with molybdenum 0.08-0.09, wherein nitrogen is mainly from urea, potassium oxide is mainly from potassium chloride or potassium sulphate, calcium is from nitrate of lime or calcium carbonate, magnesium is from magnesium sulfate, manganese is from manganese sulfate monohydrate, iron is from ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, copper is from cupric sulfate pentahydrate, zinc is from monohydrate zinc sulphate, boron is from boric acid or borax, and molybdenum is from ammonium molybdate.
2. cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: before chrysanthemum for tea use results 1 month, intend pyrethrin pesticide and carry out pest control, described plan pyrethrin pesticide is selected one or more combinations in cypermethrin, sumicidin and the decis for use.
3. cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use according to claim 1 is characterized in that: survive little seedling stage in 1 week of back in field planting, use chrysanthemum and topdress 1 time; At the animated period of nourishing and growing, use chrysanthemum and topdress 2 times; Deciding the head back 10～20 days, use chrysanthemum and topdress 1 time; After bud forms, use chrysanthemum and topdress 1 time.
4. as cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: the use of topdressing is prepared by every mu of weight ratio: urea: 19.9kg; Normal superphosphate: 52.3kg; Potassium chloride: 11.1kg; Nitrate of lime: 15.8kg; Magnesium sulfate: 3.3kg; Manganese sulfate monohydrate: 0.6kg; Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate: 0.3kg; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate: 0.3kg; White vitriol: 0.4kg; Boric acid: 3.5kg; Ammonium molybdate: 0.03kg.
5. cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described water quality of executing water contains: total mercury, in Hg :≤0.001mg/L; Total cadmium is in Cd :≤0.005mg/L; Total arsenic is in As :≤0.1mg/L; Total plumbous, in Pb :≤0.1mg/L; Cr VI is in Cr :≤0.1mg/L; Cyanide :≤0.5mg/L; Chloride :≤250mg/L; Fluoride is in F :≤2.0mg/L; Petroleum-type :≤10mg/L; Nitrite is with NaNO
2:≤4.0mg/L; Nitrate is with NaNO
3:≤400mg/L; PH value≤5.5～7.5.
6. cultivation method of nuisance-free chrysanthemum for tea use according to claim 1 is characterized in that: contain in described cultivating soil or the matrix: cadmium :≤0.30mg/kg; Mercury :≤0.30mg/kg; Arsenic :≤40mg/kg; Plumbous :≤250mg/kg; Chromium :≤150mg/kg; Copper :≤150mg/kg.
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| CN103250531B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-12-31 | 池州市天健生态农业发展有限公司 | Zinc supplement method for cultivating chrysanthemum |
| CN103250529B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-12-17 | 池州市天健生态农业发展有限公司 | Method of cultivating chrysanthemum by probiotic nutrients |
| CN103404359B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-08-12 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of north jasmine tea land used morning is by the breeding method of chrysanthemum |
| CN104160850B (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | The cultural method that a kind of potted plant youth-and-old-age is downgraded |
| CN105432284A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-30 | 全椒县周杨农业有限公司 | Plains coreopsis pot culture method |
| CN105432285A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-30 | 全椒县周杨农业有限公司 | Dicotyledoneae potting cultivation method |
| CN107810818A (en) * | 2017-10-28 | 2018-03-20 | 安徽国丰农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of plantation breeding method of chrysanthemum |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1172578A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-02-11 | 赵友 | Cultivation method of tea chrysanthemum |
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| CN1172578A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-02-11 | 赵友 | Cultivation method of tea chrysanthemum |
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| 唐巍.菊花离体快速繁殖的研究.生物技术3 2.1993,3(2),18-21. * |
| 无公害食品 饮用菊花生产技术规程.中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T 5121-2002.2002,(51212002),353-364. * |
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