CN1801213A - Method and apparatus for three-dimensional cranium body source identification - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for three-dimensional cranium body source identification Download PDFInfo
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- CN1801213A CN1801213A CNA2005100473167A CN200510047316A CN1801213A CN 1801213 A CN1801213 A CN 1801213A CN A2005100473167 A CNA2005100473167 A CN A2005100473167A CN 200510047316 A CN200510047316 A CN 200510047316A CN 1801213 A CN1801213 A CN 1801213A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for attesting the body source of three dimensional skull which comprises steps of: making a three dimensional image of a nameless skull; in a computer with three dimensional skull body source attesting program, marking the right side of the skull three dimensional image with skull image coincidence method and adjusting the angle of the three dimensional skull image; contacting with the two dimensional image and attesting the body source of skull with four item, 52 attest indexes; outputting the attest results.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method and equipment, it specifically is the three-dimensional digital image (3-D view that is called for short skull of skull in the three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method, down with) with the coincidence authentication method and the three-dimensional cranium face restored method of the two-dimensional digital image of missing person's photo (two dimensional image that is called for short photo, down with); Three-dimensional cranium body source in the microcomputer in the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus (being called for short microcomputer, down together) is identified the input equipment of the 3-D view of computer program and skull.
Background technology
In " research of photographic superimposition method and application " book (Public Publishing House's in July, 1999 first published) by the Lan Yuwen work, a kind of photographic superimposition method and TLGA-213 picture registration authentication process system are disclosed.
Above-mentioned photographic superimposition method is that the two dimensional image of unknown skull and missing person's photo is coincided together, identification of indicator according to the corresponding monumented point relation with skull of the facial area monumented point that proposes in the photographic superimposition method judges whether it is the method that same people identifies cranium body source.In the photographic superimposition method, by forensic anthropology and the anatomical knowledge of face, by to the observation of the thickness of facial area soft tissue contour curve and skull corresponding site morphology relation and facial soft tissue with to the research of the relation of facial area monumented point and the corresponding monumented point of skull, four 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator have been proposed; When the two dimensional image of skull overlaps with missing person's photo, proposed with horizontal tilt index with face upward the index of bowing and solve the two dimensional image method consistent of the skull take pictures with the photo angle of missing person's photo; When judging the corresponding relation of facial area and skull monumented point, proposed portrait horizontal deflection position and faced upward when bowing the displacement relation of monumented point on the two dimensional image of skull and the photo with identification of indicator; Proposed opposing parallel district notion, establishing photographic superimposition photography optimum distance is 1 meter and the big naturally method of the recovery number of people.
TLGA-213 picture registration authentication process system carries out the specialized equipment that cranium body source is identified with above-mentioned photographic superimposition method.There are microcomputer and mechanical skull rackwork in TLGA-213 picture registration authentication process system, and microcomputer is connected with video camera, image acquisition device and printer, and useful above-mentioned photographic superimposition method is identified the computer program of cranium body source in the microcomputer.Video camera can absorb the unknown skull on the mechanical skull rackwork and the video image of missing person's photo, import microcomputer gather into the two dimensional image of skull and photo through image acquisition device after, the computer program of identifying cranium body source by the photographic superimposition method in the microcomputer overlaps the two dimensional image of the two dimensional image of unknown skull with missing person's photo, deposit storer in and on display, show, the two dimensional image of skull and the two dimensional image of photo are carried out mark, measurement, identify whether unknown skull and missing person are same people.
In the above-mentioned photographic superimposition method, can only do the two dimensional image processing, when doing the photographic superimposition evaluation, need have two kinds of samples of photo of unknown skull and missing person simultaneously skull image and photo.Having only unknown skull, when can not get cranium body source people's photo, just can't carry out the evaluation of cranium body source because there not being any clue of cranium body source.The simple clue such as sex, age of cranium body source can only be provided with unknown skull, the more detailed clues such as face feature of cranium body source can not be provided, in order to allow unknown skull that the clues such as face feature of skull can be provided, the method that can adopt the cranium face to restore is made the head picture that the cranium face restores, to look like be clue to the head that restores with the cranium face again, seeks cranium body source and photo thereof and carry out the evaluation of cranium body source.The cranium face is being restored, in the prior art, having the sculpture method of the sculpture clay of on skull, adhering by hand to carry out the recovery of cranium face.Mainly be the experience that relies on the expert in this cranium face recuperation, general legal medical expert worker is difficult for grasping, and the time that the cranium face restores is longer, and the method that the cranium face restores is difficult for promoting; When identifying cranium body source, unknown skull will just can be used for the cranium body source evaluation with the two dimensional image that video camera absorbs the skull identical with the photo angle of missing person's photo according to the photo angle of missing person's photo, the two dimensional image of this skull can only be could make things convenient for acquisition on the mechanical skull positioning equipment in the TLGA-213 picture registration authentication process system, to when the strange land cranium body source is identified, skull will be transported to the location of TLGA-213 picture registration authentication process system, and is very inconvenient.
Above-mentioned TLGA-213 picture registration authentication process system when identifying input be that the image of picked-up is because of the scattered error of camera lens with the skull of video camera picked-up and the video image of photo, the point on thing and the image has skew, influence overlaps evaluation; Video image just can become the two-dimensional digital image through gathering, the computer program of identifying cranium body source in the microcomputer is a computer program of handling X-Y scheme, when skull frequency image is looked in picked-up, skull will be installed on the mechanical skull rackwork, photo angle by missing person's photo is adjusted angle, two dimensional image with the video camera picked-up unknown skull identical with the photo angle of missing person's photo just can be used for the cranium body source evaluation, must deliver to the location of TLGA-213 picture registration authentication process system for the skull in strange land.This cranium body source evaluation apparatus is identified for the body source at the strange land skull, and is very inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method in order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method can make things convenient for the body source of strange land skull to identify.
Another object of the present invention is in order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus is proposed, have three-dimensional cranium body source in the microcomputer of three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus and identify computer program, the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus can make things convenient for the body source of strange land skull to identify.
The present invention is achieved using the following method.
The three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method has following step.
Get unknown skull; Collected the missing person photo relevant by the clue relevant with unknown skull with unknown skull; Scan the data that unknown skull is produced the 3-D view of skull with spatial digitizer, produce the data of the two dimensional image of photo with the relevant missing person's photo of sweep optical square scanning; The input of the data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo had the microcomputer that three-dimensional cranium body source is identified computer program; Identify that with the three-dimensional cranium body source in the microcomputer computer program changes into the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image of photo to the data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo respectively, press the described method of photographic superimposition method the 3-D view of skull is adjusted angle by the shooting angle of missing person's photo, the two dimensional image of the 3-D view of the skull after the adjustment angle and photo is overlapped, cranium body source is identified with four 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator in the photographic superimposition method.
Three-dimensional cranium body source in the above-mentioned microcomputer identifies that the job step of computer program is:
The data of the data of the 3-D view of the skull of reception input and the two dimensional image of photo;
The data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo are changed into the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image of photo respectively;
The 3-D view of skull is adjusted angle by the shooting angle of missing person's photo;
The 3-D view of the skull after the adjustment angle is overlapped with the two dimensional image of photo, carry out cranium body source with four 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator in the photographic superimposition method and identify;
The output qualification result.
The three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus has microcomputer, microcomputer is connected with spatial digitizer, sweep optical square and printer, have in the microcomputer with above-mentioned three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method in microcomputer in three-dimensional cranium body source identify that the identical three-dimensional cranium body source of computer program identifies computer program.
Spatial digitizer can scan unknown skull, the 3 d image data of output skull, and sweep optical square can scan the two-dimensional image data of missing person's photo output photo, and printer is printable to go out qualification result.
Three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method among the present invention and equipment have been compared following advantage with two-dimentional cranium body source authentication method and equipment in the above-mentioned prior art.
1. produce image with spatial digitizer and sweep optical square, the point on thing and the image can not produce skew;
2. on microcomputer, the 3-D view of skull of input is easy to do the processing of 3-D view, in operation, the 3-D view of skull is done to be easy to adjust angle by the shooting angle of missing person's photo behind the sign, on mechanical skull rackwork, adjust the precision height of skull angle with the disposal route of 3-D view according to the ratio of precision of sheet shooting angle adjustment skull angle according to the sheet shooting angle;
3. for making the strange land skull that identify in the body source, needn't be transported to three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus location to skull, can be in the locality scan the 3 d scan data of its skull with spatial digitizer or scan the CT machine scan-data of its skull with the CT machine, the two dimension that scans missing person's photo with sweep optical square is retouched the instrument data, the two dimension of the three-dimensional of skull being retouched the CT machine scan-data of instrument data or skull and missing person's photo with network is retouched the instrument data and is passed on the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus of the present invention, wherein the 3 d scan data of skull and skull CT machine scan-data can generate the 3-D view of skull, the two dimension of missing person's photo is retouched the two dimensional image that the instrument data can generate photo, just can make cranium body source and identify on the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus.Particularly to the strange land have the band soft tissue the unclear head of looks, can make skull to the head of band soft tissue, also needn't be transported to three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus location to head or skull, can scan the CT machine scan-data of the head of its band soft tissue in the locality with the CT machine, scan the 2-D data of missing person's photo with sweep optical square, with network the CT machine scan-data of the head of band soft tissue and the 2-D data of missing person's photo are passed on the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus of the present invention, reconstruct the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image of photo, just can on the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus, make cranium body source and identify, make things convenient for the evaluation of the unclear head of the strange land skull and the looks of band soft tissue.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the step block diagram of three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method;
Fig. 2 is the step block diagram that has with the three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method of cranium face reconstitution steps;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram that three-dimensional cranium body source is identified computer program;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of setting up the thin-skinned tissue thickness of three-dimensional cranium data base method;
Fig. 5 is the cranium face front schematic view with 36 monumented points;
Fig. 6 is the cranium side synoptic diagram with 36 monumented points;
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional cranium subregion synoptic diagram;
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of setting up two-dimentional face parts data storehouse method;
Fig. 9 is the block diagram that obtains two-dimentional head face image with the 3-D view recovery of skull;
Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram of three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus;
Figure 11 is the schematic perspective view of skull spatial digitizer;
Figure 12 is that synoptic diagram cuts open in the master office of looking of skull spatial digitizer.
Embodiment
Among Fig. 1, the step of three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method has: get unknown skull 1; Collected the missing person photo 2 relevant by the clue relevant with unknown skull with unknown skull; Scan the data 3 that unknown skull is produced the 3-D view of skull with spatial digitizer; Produce the data 4 of the two dimensional image of photo with the relevant missing person's photo of sweep optical square scanning; The input of the data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo had the microcomputer 5 that three-dimensional cranium body source is identified computer program; Identify that with the three-dimensional cranium body source in the microcomputer computer program changes into the 3-D view 5-1 of skull and the two dimensional image 5-2 of photo to the data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo respectively, press the described method of photographic superimposition method the direct picture of the 3-D view of skull is adjusted angle 5-3 by the shooting angle of missing person's photo, the two dimensional image of the direct picture of the 3-D view of the skull after the adjustment angle and photo is overlapped 5-4, with four 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator in the photographic superimposition method cranium body source is identified 5-5, output qualification result 6.
If only obtained unknown skull, other clue that does not have unknown cranium body source, thereby collect less than relevant missing person's photo, when carrying out the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation with said method, can increase three-dimensional unknown skull image restoration is obtained two-dimentional face image, be to seek the step that relevant missing person's photo is given a clue with the two-dimentional head face image that restores.
Among Fig. 2, in the step of above-mentioned three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method, in microcomputer with the step 5-1 of the 3-D view of the skull that changes into and by the clue relevant with unknown skull collected and two steps of step 2 of missing person's photo that unknown skull is relevant between, the 3-D view recovery of handlebar skull obtains the step 7 of the two-dimentional face image of head.With the two-dimentional face image that the 3-D view of skull is restored the head that obtains, for the photo of collecting relevant missing person is given a clue.
Among Fig. 3, three-dimensional cranium body source in the above-mentioned microcomputer identifies that computer program is to carry out the computer program that three-dimensional picture is handled, include master routine, three-dimensional cranium face recovery subroutine, two dimensional image modification subroutine and three-dimensional cranium face and overlap the evaluation subroutine, also have three-dimensional cranium thin-skinned tissue thickness database and two-dimentional face parts data storehouse.
Three-dimensional cranium body source identifies that the job step of computer program is:
The data 101 of the data of the 3-D view of the skull of master routine reception input and the two dimensional image of photo;
The data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo are changed into the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image 102 of photo respectively, optionally enter each subroutine, comprising:
Forward three-dimensional cranium face to and overlap evaluation subroutine 103, the 3-D view of skull is indicated and adjust angle by the described denotation approach of photographic superimposition method by the shooting angle of missing person's photo, 3-D view by the skull after the shooting angle adjustment angle of missing person's photo is overlapped with the two dimensional image of photo, carry out cranium body source with four described 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator of photographic superimposition method and identify; Output qualification result 104;
Or forward three-dimensional cranium face to and restore subroutine 105, by the partition method that proposes among the present invention the 3-D view of skull being made subregion handles, extract the soft tissue thickness index of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium database of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention 106, be added on the outside surface of the 3-D view of skull behind the subregion by the adding method that proposes among the present invention, obtain being added with the 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer at the 3-D view outside surface of skull, send into storer, forward two dimensional image again to and modify subroutine 107, extract the face parts in the two-dimentional face parts data storehouse of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention 108, being put into 3-D view outside surface at skull is added with on the 3-D view of head of soft tissue layer, the two dimension that obtains the head that the 3-D view with skull is recovered to is positive, half side-view or full side face image are sent into the two-dimentional face image of head storer or are exported 109;
The method for building up of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of above-mentioned three-dimensional cranium database is: by forensic anthropology and the anatomical knowledge of face, on people's skull, choose 36 and restore relevant monumented point with the cranium face, measure and add up the soft tissue thickness data at its monumented point place, by the soft tissue thickness data that measure and count by hand sculpture restore head, obtain being added with the head of soft tissue layer at the outside surface of skull, measure the soft tissue thickness data of handwork sculptures recovery head, set up the soft tissue thickness index of head.
Among Fig. 4, the step of setting up the thin-skinned tissue thickness of three-dimensional cranium database is:
1. by forensic anthropology and the anatomical knowledge of face, on people's skull, choose 36 and restore relevant monumented point 10 with the cranium face, among Fig. 5, Fig. 6, on people's skull 7, choose 36 with the relevant monumented point 8 of cranium face recovery; 2. choose 3350 routine different nationalities, different sexes, Chinese's live body experimenter of all ages and classes, measure cranium face release mark point place soft tissue thickness data with two kinds of methods, a method is photogrammetric to the X line that the experimenter carries out the different azimuth angle with X line demarcation Photographic technique, count cranium face release mark point place soft tissue thickness data, another method is with CT machine scanning experimenter head, reconstruct three-dimensional cranium image and three-dimensional head image, the skull thickness and the head thickness at difference calculation flag point place, deduct the skull outer with head facial soft tissue outer, count monumented point place soft tissue thickness data 11; 3. with spatial digitizer scanning skull 12, obtain the data of the 3-D view of this skull; 4. by above-mentioned soft tissue thickness data this skull is carried out handwork sculptures and restore 13, obtain being added with the head of soft tissue layer at the outside surface of skull; 5. restore head as 14 with spatial digitizer scanning handwork sculptures, obtain the data that handwork sculptures restores the 3-D view of head picture; 6. handwork sculptures is restored the microcomputer 15 that the data input of the 3-D view of the 3 d image data of head picture and above-mentioned this skull has 3-D view process computer program, with microcomputer the data of the 3-D view of the data of the 3-D view of above-mentioned skull and handwork sculptures recovery head picture are changed into the 3-D view of skull and the 3-D view 15-1 that handwork sculptures restores the head picture respectively, set the 3-D view of skull and the axis that handwork sculptures restores the 3-D view of head respectively, the 3-D view of the 3-D view of skull and handwork sculptures recovery head is overlapped 15-2, the 11 sections 15-3 in six districts that skull are divided into by partition method of the present invention, the 3-D view that distributes number of plies counterweight to close by the difference in six districts from top to bottom in axis, microcomputer upper edge is made dropping cut slice, obtain from top to bottom 176 layers of sectioning image 15-4 successively, in each layer section, the difference that goes up different sections by this layer is distributed to count and is measured in every layer of sectioning image soft tissue thickness 15-5 along 360 points of circumference place successively; 7. serve as that the thin-skinned tissue thickness of three-dimensional cranium achievement data storehouse 16 set up out in record with the soft tissue thickness data of certain point in certain layer of order from top to bottom.
Among Fig. 5, Fig. 6, choose on the above-mentioned skull 7 36 restore relevant monumented points 8 with the cranium face and are: inion i, back point op, crown point b, temporo volume zygion fmt, metopion m, glabella point g, nasion n, nasal bone distal point rhi, nasospinale ns, the following ss of nasal spine, the preceding pr of putting of last teeth groove, schistostoma are thick
SSSPoint ida before the following teeth groove, mentolabial sulcus mlg, point pg before the jaw, gnathion gn, hat temporo point st, socket of the eye volume zygion fmo, infraorbital point or, ektokonchion ec, 3～4 alveolar point tfsd of last volume, 5～6 alveolar point fssd of last volume, 3～4 alveolar point tfid of following volume, 5～6 alveolar point tsid of following volume, ramus of mandible mid point mrm, mrm before the mandibular body outer rim masseter, gonion go, volume temporo point ft, cheekbone point ju, zygomatic arch point zy, side head point eu, chin front upper side point ego, mental foramen point ml, point be before the ear-lobe, tragus point t and temporal bone point tb.
The axis of the 3-D view of above-mentioned skull is the intersection of the coronal-plane of the sagittal plane of glabella point and pogonion line by the skull picture and the left and right sides bone earhole point line by the skull picture; The axis that above-mentioned handwork sculptures restores the 3-D view of head is the intersection of coronal-plane of putting the line of the sagittal plane of line and the left and right sides tragus forward position point by the head picture before glabella point and the jaw by the head picture.
The size difference of the zones of different of different people skull, exist very big individual difference, in order to embody this difference, when in the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium of above-mentioned foundation database, measuring outside the skull soft tissue thickness, press skull anatomical structure in the medical jurisprudence, have the zones of different of individual difference to make subregion to skull surface by size, make the dropping cut slice of varying number in different subregions, the circumferential point of getting varying number in the different subregion on dropping cut slice measures soft tissue thickness.
Among Fig. 7, skull surface vertically is being divided into six districts, laterally is divided into 11 sections.Vertical six districts are put last 6 millimeters horizontal lines 17, margo supraorbitalis tangent line 18, socket of the eye lower edge tangent line 19, apertura piriformis lower edge horizontal line 20, are gone up cranium frontal region A, socket of the eye district B, zygomatic region C, jaw district D, teeth groove district E and six districts of chin district F that teeth groove peak horizontal line 21, following teeth groove minimum point horizontal line 22 and 23 7 lines of the following 7 millimeters horizontal lines of gnathion are divided into by the crown; In the socket of the eye district, zygomatic region and teeth groove district laterally tell 11 sections in three districts, horizontal 11 sections is respectively by left zygomatic arch end point vertical line in the socket of the eye district, left side frame tubercle point vertical line, tubercle point vertical line in the frame of a left side, tubercle point vertical line in the right frame, the left zygomatic arch section 24 that right frame tubercle point vertical line and six lines of right zygomatic arch end point vertical line are divided into, left side frame section 25, nasal point segment 26,28 5 sections of right frame section 27 and right zygomatic arch sections, in the zygomatic region by left zygomatic arch end point vertical line, an apertura piriformis left side is along vertical line, the left cheekbone section 29 that an apertura piriformis left side is divided into along vertical line and four lines of right zygomatic arch end point vertical line, apertura piriformis section 30 and right cheekbone section reach in the teeth groove district by left ramus of mandible trailing edge line for 31 3 sections, lower-left the 5th tooth vertical line, the left jaw section 32 that bottom right the 5th tooth vertical line and four lines of right ramus of mandible trailing edge line are divided into, 34 3 sections of teeth groove section 33 and right jaw sections.
In the step of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium of above-mentioned foundation database, when the 3-D view that overlaps being made 176 layers of dropping cut slice successively from top to bottom along the skull axis, the dropping cut slice number in each district is: cranium frontal region 48 floor, socket of the eye district 38 floor, zygomatic region 17 floor, jaw district 13 floor, teeth groove district 30 floor, chin district 30 floor.In the step of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium of above-mentioned foundation database, when measuring in every layer of sectioning image the soft tissue thickness along 360 of circumference, counting of getting of above-mentioned each section be: left zygomatic arch section 60 points, left frame section 28 points, nasal point segment 18 points, right frame section 28 points, right zygomatic arch section 60 points, left cheekbone section 86 points, apertura piriformis section 22 points, right cheekbone section 86 points, left jaw section 78 points, teeth groove section 38 points, right jaw section 78 points.With counting of being got in all the other sections in one deck to uniform.
When following cranium face restores, when each subregion of different size adds soft tissue layer on skull, also be to count by the circumference of the dropping cut slice number of plies of above-mentioned place subregion and place section to add.Among Fig. 8, the method for setting up two-dimentional face parts data storehouse is: the photo 35 that 1. selects 200 routine skulls and this cranium body source; 2. the face feature of looks in the feature of analyzing skull surface and the relevant cranium body source photo is found out and is concerned 36 between the face feature of the feature of skull surface and looks; 3. analyze the face feature of looks in the photo again, find out the different shape and the type 37 of eyebrow, eyes, nose and mouth; 4. draw face two dimension Figure 38 of different shape and type; 5. serve as that two-dimentional face parts data storehouse 39 set up out in record with the different shape of eyebrow, eyes, nose and mouth and type respectively.
Relation between the face feature of the feature of above-mentioned skull surface and the different shape of looks and type is:
(1) determining of eyebrow form and eyebrow position:
When skull go up an eye shaped as frame attitude be respectively put down, when oblique or arc, corresponding eyebrow form is respectively straight eyebrow, upright eyebrow or bow eyebrow;
When the geisoma development degree of skull is respectively strong, weak or does not show, corresponding eyebrow concentration be respectively dense, in or light;
When the nasion depression degree of skull when being respectively dark or shallow, corresponding looks spacing is respectively big or little.
(2) definite method of eye position:
Interior eyespot is 64% high place of socket of the eye apart from margo supraorbitalis on trigonodont point vertical line; Outer eyespot on 2 millimeters the parallel lines, is 62% high place of socket of the eye apart from supra-orbital points in socket of the eye outer rim vertical line;
Determine that relevant monumented point of eye position and the line that is generated by monumented point have:
The horizontal line of left and right sides place between the eyebrows dot generation margo supraorbitalis;
The socket of the eye outer rim vertical line of left and right sides socket of the eye superior thyroid tubercle dot generation;
About the trigonodont point vertical line that generates of trigonodont point vertical line intermediate point;
The socket of the eye lower edge horizontal line that left and right sides infraorbital point generates.
Determine the eye socket up-and-down boundary:
Left and right sides margo supraorbitalis point line is the horizontal line of margo supraorbitalis;
Left and right sides socket of the eye lower edge point line is the horizontal line of socket of the eye lower edge.
Determine border, the eye socket left and right sides:
About trigonodont point by trigonodont point vertical line;
Left and right sides eminentia orbitalis point, socket of the eye outer rim vertical line, interior outside 2 millimeters generations the eyespot vertical line.
(3) determining of the form of mouth and position:
The width of mouth is a distance between lower jaw tooth the five or six teeth space of the left and right sides;
Three kinds of mouth breadths, wide: more than 48 millimeters, in: 44～47.9 millimeters, narrow: below 43.9 millimeters;
Need definite point, left and right sides lower jaw tooth the five or six teeth space dot generation left and right sides lower jaw tooth the five or six teeth space line;
Highly: go up incision, generate teeth groove horizontal line up and down;
Form: when current incisor abduction degree is obvious abduction, medium abduction or non-abduction respectively, corresponding go up the tooth thin degree be respectively thick, in or thin;
Corresponding mouth form was respectively nutcracker, Ping Zui when last lower jaw depression degree was depression, medium, center protrusion or two lateral processes respectively, drum is flat or the drum point.
(4) corresponding relation of nasal bone type and nose type:
When the form of nasal bone be respectively protuberance, when medium or flat, the form of corresponding nose is respectively protruding nose, medium or flat nose;
When the apertura piriformis width was narrower (≤23 millimeters), medium (23.1～26.9 millimeters) or broad (〉=27 millimeters) respectively, corresponding nose shape was respectively leptorrhiny, medium or wide nose;
When apertura piriformis lower edge form is sharp shape, blunt shape or fossa praenasalis shape respectively, corresponding respectively nose direction be respectively downwards, level or upwards;
Need definite point:
Left and right sides apertura piriformis extension dot generation apertura piriformis extension vertical line;
The downward horizontal line of the downward dot generation apertura piriformis of apertura piriformis.The nose method for determining position:
4.1 millimeters of male sex left and right sides wing of nose points in the left and right sides apertura piriformis extension point outside;
3.5 millimeters of women left and right sides wing of nose points in the left and right sides apertura piriformis extension point outside;
Subnasal point under apertura piriformis lower edge point 3.6 millimeters.
Among Fig. 9, the method that the recovery of the 3-D view of unknown skull is obtained two-dimentional head face image is:
1. get the 3-D view of unknown skull, decide the 3-D view axis 40 of skull; 2. by above-mentioned to the skull partitioned method to skull subregion 41; 3. get the record of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of three-dimensional cranium database, by counting of being got of different sections in the dropping cut slice number of plies in the above-mentioned different skull subregions and the every district dropping cut slice floor along the axis pointwise of order layering from top to bottom of the 3-D view of skull be added on the outside of three-dimensional cranium image, behind the rounding, obtain being added with the 3-D view 42 of the head of soft tissue layer in the 3-D view outside of unknown skull; 4. the 3-D view that the 3-D view of skull outside is added with the head of soft tissue layer forwards front, half side-view or full side to, and the 3-D view outside that obtains skull is added with three-dimensional positive, the half side-view or the full side image 43 of the head of soft tissue layer; 5. modify three-dimensional positive, half side-view or the full side image 44 that 3-D view outside that subroutine modifies skull is added with the head of soft tissue layer with two dimensional image; 6. by the relation of face feature in the feature of above-mentioned skull surface and the looks, the face of finding out matched form and type in two-dimentional face parts data storehouse add three-dimensional positive, the half side-view of the head that is added with soft tissue layer outside or the corresponding site 45 of full side image, and the two dimension that 7. obtains the head that the 3-D view with above-mentioned unknown skull restores is positive, half side-view or side face image 46 entirely.
Carrying out the cranium face when restoring, can modify subroutine with two dimensional image for the face parts of different size the face parts in the two-dimentional face parts data storehouse are made convergent-divergent, modified and deal with,
It can be common X-Y scheme process computer program that two dimensional image is modified subroutine.
When having only unknown skull to can not find relevant missing person's photo without any other clue of unknown cranium body source, can not provide body source clue with skull with two-dimentional cranium body source authentication method in the prior art and equipment, can not find relevant missing person's photo and just can't make the cranium body source evaluation.Three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method of the present invention and equipment can restore two dimension front, half side-view or the full side face image of making head with the 3-D view of unknown skull, the body source clue that the two dimension of the head that obtains with recovery is positive, half side-view or full side face image provide unknown skull, can find relevant missing person's photo with this body source clue, make unknown cranium body source and identify; The present invention is by forensic anthropology and the anatomical knowledge of face, three-dimensional cranium thin-skinned tissue thickness database and two-dimentional face parts data storehouse have been set up, carry out the recovery of cranium face with computer sub, two dimensional image modification subroutine that three-dimensional cranium face restores with the index and the face in the two-dimentional face parts data storehouse of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of three-dimensional cranium database, need not rely on expert's experience, the very easy grasp of general legal medical expert worker, the time that the cranium face restores is shorter, and the method that the cranium face restores is promoted easily.
Among Figure 10, the three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus has microcomputer 47, microcomputer is connected with spatial digitizer 48, sweep optical square 49 and printer 50, have in the microcomputer with above-mentioned three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method in microcomputer in three-dimensional cranium body source identify that the identical three-dimensional cranium body source of computer program identifies computer program
Have three-dimensional cranium body source and identify that the microcomputer of computer program is interior just like lower unit:
The data cell of the data of the 3-D view of the skull of reception input and the two dimensional image of photo;
The data conversion of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo is become the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image unit of photo;
Optionally enter the converting unit of following different function units, different function units comprises:
The direct picture of the 3-D view of skull is indicated and adjust angle by the described denotation approach of photographic superimposition method by the shooting angle of missing person's photo, 3-D view by the skull after the shooting angle adjustment angle of missing person's photo is overlapped with the two dimensional image of photo, carry out the three-dimensional cranium face coincidence of cranium body source evaluation and output qualification result with four described 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator of photographic superimposition method and identify functional unit;
By the partition method that proposes among the present invention the 3-D view of skull being made subregion handles, extract the soft tissue thickness index of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium database of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be added on the outside surface of the 3-D view of skull behind the subregion by the adding method that proposes among the present invention, obtain the three-dimensional cranium face return function unit of 3-D view that 3-D view outside surface at skull is added with the head of soft tissue layer;
The 3-D view that is added with the head of soft tissue layer at the 3-D view outside surface of skull forwards the front to, half side-view or full side, extract the face parts in the two-dimentional face parts data storehouse of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be put into 3-D view outside surface at skull and be added with the front of 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer, on half side-view or the full side image, the two dimension that obtains the head that the 3-D view with skull is recovered to is positive, half side-view or full side face image, positive the two dimension of head, half side-view or full side face image are sent into the two dimensional image rhetorical function unit of storer or output.
The spatial digitizer of three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus can scan unknown skull, the 3 d image data of output skull, and sweep optical square can scan the two-dimensional image data of missing person's photo output photo, and printer is printable to go out qualification result.
Three-dimensional cranium body source in the microcomputer identifies that computer program is identical with the evaluation of the three-dimensional cranium body source described in Fig. 3 computer program, be to carry out the computer program that three-dimensional picture is handled, include master routine, three-dimensional cranium face recovery subroutine, two dimensional image modification subroutine and the coincidence of three-dimensional cranium face and identify that subroutine also has three-dimensional cranium thin-skinned tissue thickness database and two-dimentional face parts data storehouse
Three-dimensional cranium body source identifies that the job step of computer program is:
The data of the data of the 3-D view of the skull of master routine reception input and the two dimensional image of photo;
The data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo are changed into the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image of photo respectively;
Optionally enter each subroutine, comprising:
Forward three-dimensional cranium face to and overlap the evaluation subroutine, then the direct picture of the 3-D view of skull is indicated and adjust angle by the shooting angle of missing person's photo by the described denotation approach of photographic superimposition method, 3-D view by the skull after the shooting angle adjustment angle of missing person's photo is overlapped with the two dimensional image of photo, carry out cranium body source with four described 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator of photographic superimposition method and identify; The output qualification result,
Or forward three-dimensional cranium face to and restore subroutine, then by the partition method that proposes among the present invention the 3-D view of skull being made subregion handles, extract the soft tissue thickness index of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium database of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be added on the outside surface of the 3-D view of skull behind the subregion by the adding method that proposes among the present invention, obtain being added with the 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer at the 3-D view outside surface of skull, send into storer, forward two dimensional image again to and modify subroutine, the 3-D view that 3-D view outside surface at skull is added with the head of soft tissue layer forwards the front to, half side-view or full side, extract the face parts in the two-dimentional face parts data storehouse of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be put into 3-D view outside surface at skull and be added with the front of 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer, on half side-view or the full side image, the two dimension that obtains the head that the 3-D view with skull is recovered to is positive, half side-view or full side face image, positive the two dimension of head, half side-view or full side face image are sent into storer or output.
Above-mentioned spatial digitizer can be the spatial digitizer in the prior art, as being that the spatial digitizer, the notification number that are adopted in " computer system for creating 3 D sculpture " in the Chinese invention patent ublic specification of application of CN1360282A are the spatial digitizers that is adopted in " personalized shoe tree mold designing method " in the Chinese invention patent instructions of CN 1130405.7 at publication number, also can be the skull spatial digitizer that proposes among the present invention.
Figure 11, among Figure 12, the skull spatial digitizer that proposes among the present invention has skull spatial digitizer frame 51, skull spatial digitizer frame has the base 52 of level, skull turntable 53 is arranged on the base, the skull turntable has vertical turntable shaft 54, there is the clamping device 55 of skull skull turntable upper end, skull turntable driving motor 56 is arranged in the base, the skull turntable driving motor links to each other with turntable shaft by gearing 57, one end of base has circular arc slideway shelf 58, the center of slideway shelf circular arc is on the skull turntable top of base, on the circular arc slideway shelf, circular arc direction along slideway has the circular arc slideway 59 concentric with the slideway circular arc, in the circular arc slideway shelf, circular arc direction along slideway has the arc-shaped rack 60 concentric with the slideway circular arc, the slide block 61 that can slide on the circular arc slideway is arranged on the circular arc slideway, be connected with laser range finder 62 and laser range finder drive motor 63 on the slide block, the axle of laser range finder drive motor is gone up by gearing and is connected with the gear 64 that is meshed with arc-shaped rack on the circular arc slideway, and the location mark 65 of laser range finder is arranged on the base.
During use, skull is placed on the skull turntable on the base, driving skull with the skull turntable driving motor rotates, slide along the circular arc slideway with laser range finder drive motor driving laser stadimeter, with laser range finder and location mapping amount skull surface each point distance, obtain the data of the 3-D view of skull.
The input of the data of the 3-D view of skull is had three-dimensional cranium body source identify in the microcomputer of computer program, the data conversion of the 3-D view of skull is become the 3-D view of skull.
Claims (6)
1. a three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method comprises the steps: elder generation
Get unknown skull; Collected the missing person photo relevant by the clue relevant with unknown skull with unknown skull; Produce the data of the two dimensional image of relevant missing person's photo with sweep optical square; After
The 3-D view of the skull after the adjustment angle is overlapped with the two dimensional image of photo, cranium body source is identified with four 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator that the photographic superimposition method is described, the output qualification result,
It is characterized in that: between above-mentioned first, back step, also have the following steps:
The input of the data of the two dimensional image of photo had the microcomputer that three-dimensional cranium body source is identified computer program; The data of the two dimensional image of photo are changed into the two dimensional image of photo;
The data of getting the 3-D view of unknown skull with spatial digitizer or CT mechanism;
The data of the 3-D view of skull are imported above-mentioned microcomputer;
The data of the 3-D view of skull are changed into the 3-D view of skull;
The direct picture of the 3-D view of skull indicated by the described denotation approach of photographic superimposition method and adjust the angle of three-dimensional cranium image by the shooting angle of missing person's photo,
Three-dimensional cranium body source in the above-mentioned microcomputer identifies that computer program is to carry out the computer program that three-dimensional picture is handled, include master routine, three-dimensional cranium face recovery subroutine, two dimensional image modification subroutine and three-dimensional cranium face and overlap the evaluation subroutine, also have three-dimensional cranium thin-skinned tissue thickness database and two-dimentional face parts data storehouse
Three-dimensional cranium body source identifies that the job step of computer program is:
The data of the data of the 3-D view of the skull of master routine reception input and the two dimensional image of photo;
The data of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo are changed into the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image of photo respectively, optionally enter each subroutine, comprising:
Forward three-dimensional cranium face to and overlap the evaluation subroutine, then the direct picture of the 3-D view of skull is indicated and adjust angle by the shooting angle of missing person's photo by the described denotation approach of photographic superimposition method, 3-D view by the skull after the shooting angle adjustment angle of missing person's photo is overlapped with the two dimensional image of photo, carry out cranium body source with four described 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator of photographic superimposition method and identify;
The output qualification result;
Or forward three-dimensional cranium face to and restore subroutine, then by the partition method that proposes among the present invention the 3-D view of skull being made subregion handles, extract the soft tissue thickness index of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium database of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be added on the outside surface of the 3-D view of skull behind the subregion by the adding method that proposes among the present invention, obtain being added with the 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer, send into storer at the 3-D view outside surface of skull; Forward two dimensional image again to and modify subroutine, then the 3-D view that the 3-D view outside surface at skull is added with the head of soft tissue layer forwards the front to, half side-view or full side, extract the face parts in the two-dimentional face parts data storehouse of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be put into 3-D view outside surface at skull and be added with the front of 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer, on half side-view or the full side image, the two dimension that obtains the head that the 3-D view with skull is recovered to is positive, half side-view or full side face image, positive the two dimension of head, half side-view or full side face image are sent into storer or output.
2. by the described three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data the 3-D view of skull change into the 3-D view of skull with collected by the relevant clue of unknown skull and two steps of missing person's photo that unknown skull is relevant between the 3-D view of handlebar skull restore the two-dimentional front that obtains head, half side-view or the step of the face image of side entirely.
3. by the described three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described the 3-D view of skull restore that the two dimension obtain head is positive, the step of the face image of half side-view or full side has: 1. get the 3-D view of unknown skull, decide the 3-D view axis of skull; 2. by the present invention propose to the skull partitioned method to the skull subregion; 3. get the record of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of three-dimensional cranium database, by counting of being got of different sections in the dropping cut slice number of plies in the above-mentioned different skull subregions and the every district dropping cut slice floor along the axis pointwise of order layering from top to bottom of the 3-D view of skull be added on the outside of three-dimensional cranium image, behind the rounding, obtain being added with the 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer in the 3-D view outside of unknown skull; 4. the 3-D view that the 3-D view of skull outside is added with the head of soft tissue layer forwards front, half side-view or full side to, and the 3-D view outside that obtains skull is added with three-dimensional positive, the half side-view or the full side image of the head of soft tissue layer; 5. modify three-dimensional positive, half side-view or the full side image that 3-D view outside that subroutine modifies skull is added with the head of soft tissue layer with two dimensional image; 6. by the relation of face feature in the feature of above-mentioned skull surface and the looks, the face of finding out matched form and type in two-dimentional face parts data storehouse add three-dimensional positive, the half side-view of the head that is added with soft tissue layer outside or the corresponding site of full side image, and the two dimension that 7. obtains the head that the 3-D view with above-mentioned unknown skull restores is positive, half side-view or side face image entirely.
4. by the described three-dimensional cranium body source authentication method of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the establishment step of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of described three-dimensional cranium database is as follows: 1. by forensic anthropology and the anatomical knowledge of face, on people's skull, choose 36 with the relevant monumented point of cranium face recovery; 2. choose 3350 routine different nationalities, different sexes, Chinese's live body experimenter of all ages and classes, measure cranium face release mark point soft tissue thickness data with two kinds of methods, a method is photogrammetric to the X line that the experimenter carries out the different azimuth angle with X line demarcation Photographic technique, count cranium face release mark point soft tissue thickness data, another method is with CT machine scanning experimenter head, reconstruct three-dimensional cranium image and three-dimensional head image, calculate skull thickness and head thickness respectively, deduct the skull outer with head facial soft tissue outer, count the soft tissue thickness data; 3. scan a certain skull with spatial digitizer, obtain the data of the 3-D view of this skull; 4. by above-mentioned soft tissue thickness data this skull is carried out handwork sculptures and restore, obtain handwork sculptures and restore the head picture; 5. restore head with spatial digitizer scanning handwork sculptures and look like to obtain the data that handwork sculptures restores the 3-D view of head picture; 6. handwork sculptures is restored the microcomputer that the data input of the 3-D view of the data of 3-D view of head picture and above-mentioned skull has 3-D view process computer program, with microcomputer the data of the 3-D view of the data of the 3-D view of above-mentioned skull and handwork sculptures recovery head picture are changed into the 3-D view of skull and the 3-D view that handwork sculptures restores the head picture respectively, set the 3-D view of skull and the axis that handwork sculptures restores the 3-D view of head respectively, the 3-D view of the 3-D view of skull and handwork sculptures recovery head is overlapped, the 3-D view that overlaps is made equidistant dropping cut slice from top to bottom in axis, microcomputer upper edge, obtain from top to bottom 176 layers of sectioning image successively, by the subregion in 11 sections in six districts that skull is divided into that propose among the present invention, measure in every layer of sectioning image soft tissue thickness successively along 360 of circumference; 7. serve as that the thin-skinned tissue thickness of three-dimensional cranium achievement data storehouse set up out in record with the soft tissue thickness data of certain point in certain layer of order from top to bottom.
5. three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus, microcomputer is arranged, microcomputer is connected with printer, there is cranium body source to identify computer program in the microcomputer, it is characterized in that: microcomputer also is connected with sweep optical square and spatial digitizer, cranium body source in the microcomputer identifies that computer program is that three-dimensional cranium body source is identified computer program
Have three-dimensional cranium body source and identify that the microcomputer of computer program is interior just like lower unit:
The data cell of the data of the 3-D view of the skull of reception input and the two dimensional image of photo;
The data conversion of the two dimensional image of the data of the 3-D view of skull and photo is become the 3-D view of skull and the two dimensional image unit of photo;
Optionally enter the converting unit of following different function units, different function units comprises:
The direct picture of the 3-D view of skull is indicated and adjust angle by the described denotation approach of photographic superimposition method by the shooting angle of missing person's photo, 3-D view by the skull after the shooting angle adjustment angle of missing person's photo is overlapped with the two dimensional image of photo, carry out the three-dimensional cranium face coincidence of cranium body source evaluation and output qualification result with four described 52 photographic superimposition identification of indicator of photographic superimposition method and identify functional unit;
By the partition method that proposes among the present invention the 3-D view of skull being made subregion handles, extract the soft tissue thickness index of the thin-skinned tissue thickness of the three-dimensional cranium database of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be added on the outside surface of the 3-D view of skull behind the subregion by the adding method that proposes among the present invention, obtain the three-dimensional cranium face return function unit of 3-D view that 3-D view outside surface at skull is added with the head of soft tissue layer;
The 3-D view that the 3-D view outside surface of skull is added with the head of soft tissue layer forwards the front to, half side-view or full side, extract the face parts in the two-dimentional face parts data storehouse of setting up with the method that proposes among the present invention, be put into 3-D view outside surface at skull and be added with the front of 3-D view of the head of soft tissue layer, on half side-view or the full side image, the two dimension that obtains the head that the 3-D view with skull is recovered to is positive, half side-view or full side face image, positive the two dimension of head, half side-view or full side face image are sent into the two dimensional image rhetorical function unit of storer or output.
6. by the described three-dimensional cranium body source evaluation apparatus of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described spatial digitizer has skull spatial digitizer frame, skull spatial digitizer frame has the base of level, the skull turntable is arranged on the base, the skull turntable has vertical turntable shaft, there is the clamping device of skull skull turntable upper end, the skull turntable driving motor is arranged in the base, the skull turntable driving motor links to each other with turntable shaft by gearing, one end of base has the circular arc slideway, the center of slideway circular arc is on the skull turntable top of base, on the circular arc slideway, circular arc direction along slideway has the arc-shaped rack concentric with the slideway circular arc, the slide block that can slide on the circular arc slideway is arranged on the circular arc slideway, be connected with laser range finder and laser range finder drive motor on the slide block, the axle of laser range finder drive motor is gone up by gearing and is connected with the gear that is meshed with arc-shaped rack on the circular arc slideway, and the location mark of laser range finder is arranged on the base.
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| CNA2005100473167A CN1801213A (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | Method and apparatus for three-dimensional cranium body source identification |
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| CNA2005100473167A CN1801213A (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | Method and apparatus for three-dimensional cranium body source identification |
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| CN108197539A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-22 | 西北大学 | A kind of Diagnosis of Crania By Means identification method |
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