CN1800589B - 用于涡轮转动和静止部件之间的密封的可更换的磨耗密封支承件 - Google Patents
用于涡轮转动和静止部件之间的密封的可更换的磨耗密封支承件 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
- F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/001—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
- F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
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Abstract
一种涡轮,包括一个有一安装成与由转动部件支承的密封齿对置的密封支承件。该密封支承件包括一个有一能磨耗的材料涂层的密封表面,该涂层能使转动部件摩擦密封表面的材料。该密封支承件可从导流盘移去,并由与导流盘外环成整体的或可从导流盘外环移去的轴向延伸部支承。一个弹簧可以安置在密封支承件和静止部件之间。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及涡轮转动部件和静止部件之间的密封,尤其涉及具有用于涡轮转动部件和静止部件之间密封的能磨耗的密封表面的可更换密封支承件。
在涡轮特别是蒸汽涡轮中,转动部件和静止部件之间的密封是蒸汽涡轮性能的关键部分。可以理解,蒸汽泄漏路径的数目和尺寸越大,蒸汽涡轮的效率损失也越大。例如,常用于导流盘(diaphragm)和转子之间或转子叶片顶端和静止的复盖物之间的密封的迷宫式密封齿要求保持相当大的间隙,以允许在过渡工况如起动和关闭时能有径向或圆周位移。当然,这些间隙对密封是有害的。也存在与多个独立的密封表面、径向间隙的容差叠加和多个密封件的装配有关的间隙问题,所有这些能够降低涡轮效率。而且,常常难以产生密封,这种密封不仅提高蒸汽涡轮的效率,而且提高了保养和修理涡轮各部件的效率,也对这些部件产生已知的可以重复的边界条件。因此,需要这样一种密封,该密封会消除或尽可能减小间隙问题,能够装配多个密封件,尽可能减小径向间隙的间隙叠加,改善使用可靠性,并能够逐级地调整影响间隙控制改善的导流盘和相邻的密封表面。
发明概述
在本发明的一个优选实施例中提供一种有一静止部件和一转动部件的涡轮,该静止部件包括一个围绕涡轮轴线的定子叶片的环形排列和一个有一槽的导流盘,该导流盘包括一个由该导流盘可更换地支承的在槽中的密封支承件,并有一个与转动部件支承的密封件对置的密封表面,该密封表面由一种能磨耗的材料制成,该材料能够使该转动部件磨耗该密封表面的材料,此时转动部件和静止部件之间完成密封。
在本发明的另一实施例中提供一种包括一静止部件和一转动部件的涡轮,该静止部件包括一个有一围绕涡轮轴线的定子叶片的环形排列的导流盘,该导流盘包括一个由该导流盘可更换地支承的密封支承件,该密封支承件有一个与由转动部件支承的密封齿对置的密封表面,该密封表面由一种能磨耗的材料形成,该材料能够使该转动部件磨耗该密封表面的材料,此时转动部件和静止部件之间实现密封,该导流盘包括一个由该密封支承件沿其大体上轴向面对的表面支承的第二密封表面,并与由该导流盘支承的密封表面对置,该密封支承件可以大体上沿轴向相对于该导流盘位移,以便在该密封表面和第二密封表面之间形成一密封,该第二密封表面和该密封表面之一支承一种能磨耗的材料,该能磨耗的材料能够使该第二密封表面和该密封表面中之另一磨耗该材料,此时该密封支承件和导流盘之间实现密封。
附图简述
图1是例示现有技术各种密封件的一蒸汽涡轮的一部分的破碎截面图;
图2是包括按照本发明的一个方面的可更换的能磨耗的密封支承件的一蒸汽涡轮的放大的破碎截面图;
图3和图4类似于图2,表示分别在其两个不同方面中的能磨耗的的密封支承件;以及
图5是按照本发明的一个方面的代表的密封支承件的放大的破碎截面图。
发明详述
现在参照附图,尤其是图1,图中例示有一转动部件如转子10和一静止部件14的蒸汽涡轮的一部分,该转子10沿各个涡轮级的涡轮形成部件在间隔的轴向位置处安装了多个沿圆周间隔的叶片12,而静止部件14包括多个安装了导流盘16的限定喷嘴的间壁18,它们与各自的叶片一起,形成涡轮的各级。如图所示,导流盘16的外环20支承一排或多排密封齿22,用于与叶片12的顶端附近的复盖物或盖24进行密封。同样,导流盘16的内环26安装一个拱形的密封区段28。该密封区段具有沿径向向内凸出的高低齿30,用于与转动部件10密封。如图所示,在各级上设置相似的密封,而蒸汽流的方向用箭头32指示。
现在参照图2,与图1中相同的部件标以相同的标号,但前面冠有1。图2中,密封支承件140有一燕尾构型,用于沿导流盘内环126的内径装入大体上形状互补的燕尾槽142内。于是参照图2和5,密封支承件140包括一对反方伸出的法兰144,用于装入导流盘内环126的相应轴向间隔槽146内。密封支承件140有颈部148,后者在导流盘内法兰150之间沿径向向内朝转动部件如转子110凸出。如图所示,该转动部件包括多个密封齿152。如图5中最清楚地示出的,密封支承件140的沿径向朝内的密封表面涂有能磨耗的材料160。能磨耗的材料160可以是其共同受让人的美国专利No.6,547,522中描述和例示的那种类型,其公开的内容参照合并于此。例如该能磨耗的材料可以包括一种有一含钴、镍、铬、钇的第一成分和一选自一组含六方碳化硼和一聚合物组成的第二成分的组合。在美国专利No.6,547,522中公开的其它能磨耗的材料可同样用于本发明。
如图2和图5中所示,能磨耗的材料160设置在与转子110的齿152相对置的密封支承件140的沿径向向内面对的表面上。图示密封支承件140的密封表面的高-低-高构型,与转子110上的低-高-低齿相对应。此外,可以理解,因为密封支承件安置在导流盘的轴向对置两侧上不同的压力区之间,所以该压力支承件将会沿轴向下游方向位移。为了预防密封支承件140和导流盘内环126之间的蒸汽泄漏,能磨耗的材料160也涂敷在密封支承件的法兰144的下游表面162上,以便密封导流盘内环126的燕尾142的相应的对齐的下游表面。可以理解,除了表面162外,该能磨耗的材料也可涂敷在燕尾142的对齐的下游表面上。因此,密封支承件140和密封齿152之间的间隙可以被减小,而围绕密封支承件140的任何蒸汽泄漏路径被消除或尽可能减小。
图2中也示出安装在导流盘外环120的轴向下游法兰或延伸部174上的相似的密封支承件170。密封支承件170有一沿径向向内的高-低-高密封表面构型,能磨耗的材料160涂敷在那些沿径向向内指向的密封表面上。支承在复盖层或覆盖物178上的齿176安置在支承件170的密封表面的能磨耗的材料160的径向对置处。在这些密封支承件的两个方面中,密封齿和能磨耗的材料之间的间隙可以调节到适应瞬时状态。同时,密封支承件与其支承结构即导流盘内外环126和120之间的潜在泄漏路径分别由支承件下游侧面上的轴向面对的密封表面所密封。
现在参照图3,图中相同的标号应用于与图2中相同的部件,但前面加数字“2”,密封支承件240和270之一或两者沿径向受到弹簧偏压,以便将密封支承件强制安装成对着相应的导流盘支承环的沿轴向延伸的法兰。弹簧274可以是一个拱形的波纹状弹簧。能磨耗的材料设置成高-低-高构型,同样如前所述地与低-高-低的密封齿对置。此外,能磨耗的材料也涂敷在下游的轴向接头以及密封表面内的相应的圆周轴向接头上,以防止能磨耗的的密封支承件周围的蒸汽旁路。蒸汽压力将迫使该涂层的密封支承件对着蒸汽面。可以理解,在蒸汽涡轮的水平中线结合部处设置合适的硬件(未示出),以保持密封支承件不转动。
图3中,密封支承件270安装在与导流盘外环220制成整体的法兰或延伸部274上。同时示出平缓拱形的波纹状弹簧276。图4中,密封支承件270安装在独立的法兰280上,后者可以用多种不同方法安装在导流盘外环220上,包括焊接、螺栓连接、钎接、燕尾连接或任何其它已知的蒸汽涡轮中各种部件互相连接的方法。可以理解,本发明所有方面中的密封支承件包括可以沿一大体上圆周的方向***这些燕尾槽的拱形区段。一旦密封支承件已***而安装在导流盘上,最终的密封构型可以一起机加工,从而减小叠加的径向间隙容差。
虽然已联系当前认为最实用的优选实施例来描述了本发明,但可理解,本发明不限于已公开的实施例,相反,本发明预期覆盖包括在附属的权利要求书的范围和精神内的各种修改和等效配置。
部件清单
110 转动部件
114 静止部件
116 导流盘
118 定子叶片
140 密封支承件
152 密封齿
160 能磨耗的材料
162 第二密封件
240 支承件
270 支承件
274 轴向延伸部
280 轴向延伸部
Claims (7)
1.一种涡轮,包括:
一个静止部件(114)和一个转动部件(110);
所述静止部件包括一个有围绕涡轮轴线的一环形排列的定子叶片(118)的导流盘(116),所述导流盘有一槽(142),包括一个可更换地且沿圆周方向可被滑动地装入所述槽内的密封支承件(140),所述密封支承件有一个与由所述转动部件支承的密封齿(152)对置的密封表面,所述密封表面由一种能磨耗的材料(160)制成,所述能磨耗的材料(160)能使所述转动部件从所述密封表面磨耗材料,此时在所述转动部件和静止部件之间实现密封,
其中,所述密封支承件包括一个轴向朝向的下游表面(162),所述轴向朝向的下游表面(162)与由所述导流盘支承的密封表面对置,所述密封支承件(140)可以沿轴向位移,从而在所述导流盘支承的密封表面和所述轴向朝向的下游表面之间构成密封,并且所述轴向朝向的下游表面(162)支承一种能磨耗的材料(160),所述能磨耗的材料(160)能使所述导流盘支承的密封表面磨耗所述材料,此时所述密封支承件和所述导流盘之间实现密封。
2.一种按照权利要求1的涡轮,其特征在于,包括一个在所述导流盘和所述密封支承件之间的弹簧,用于沿径向偏压该密封支承件。
3.一种按照权利要求1的涡轮,其特征在于,所述密封支承件上的所述密封表面包括一些沿径向位移的表面,而所述转动部件包括由所述转动部件支承的沿径向位移的密封齿,用以啮合所述密封支承件上的所述密封表面上的磨耗材料。
4.一种按照权利要求1的涡轮,其特征在于,所述支承件(240)被所述导流盘支承在所述叶片的径向靠内位置处。
5.一种按照权利要求1的涡轮,其特征在于,所述密封支承件(270)被所述导流盘支承在所述叶片的径向靠外位置处。
6.一种按照权利要求1的涡轮,其特征在于,所述导流盘包括一个有一轴向延伸部(280、274)的外环,该延伸部将所述密封支承件支承在离所述叶片的轴向位移处。
7.一种按照权利要求6的涡轮,其特征在于,所述延伸部(280)由所述导流盘外环支承,所述延伸部(280)可更换。
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US11/017,661 US7287956B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Removable abradable seal carriers for sealing between rotary and stationary turbine components |
US11/017661 | 2004-12-22 |
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CN1800589A CN1800589A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
CN1800589B true CN1800589B (zh) | 2010-06-02 |
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US (1) | US7287956B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4740730B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1800589B (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2879649B1 (zh) |
IT (1) | ITMI20052424A1 (zh) |
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CN104024581A (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-09-03 | 三菱日立电力***株式会社 | 涡轮 |
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DE10348290A1 (de) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-05-12 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung für eine Gasturbine |
DE102004044803A1 (de) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-30 | WINKLER + DüNNEBIER AG | Sich selbst einstellende Spaltdichtung zwischen zwei sich gegeneinander beweglicher Bauteile |
US20070132193A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-14 | Wolfe Christopher E | Compliant abradable sealing system and method for rotary machines |
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- 2005-12-20 JP JP2005365711A patent/JP4740730B2/ja active Active
- 2005-12-20 FR FR0512921A patent/FR2879649B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-21 RU RU2005140142/06A patent/RU2392449C2/ru active
- 2005-12-22 CN CN2005101338745A patent/CN1800589B/zh active Active
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CN104024581A (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-09-03 | 三菱日立电力***株式会社 | 涡轮 |
CN104024581B (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2016-04-13 | 三菱日立电力***株式会社 | 涡轮 |
US10006292B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2018-06-26 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. | Turbine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20060133928A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
FR2879649B1 (fr) | 2012-09-21 |
JP4740730B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
FR2879649A1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 |
ITMI20052424A1 (it) | 2006-06-23 |
CN1800589A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
US7287956B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
JP2006177355A (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
RU2392449C2 (ru) | 2010-06-20 |
RU2005140142A (ru) | 2007-06-27 |
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