CN1784579B - 通过低温空气蒸馏生产加压空气的方法和*** - Google Patents
通过低温空气蒸馏生产加压空气的方法和*** Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法,其中,使所有空气升至高出中压至少5至10巴的高压;使该空气的包括10%至50%的高压空气流的部分(11)在冷增压器(23)中增压,然后将其送入热交换器;使至少一部分(37)在热交换器的冷端液化,然后将该部分送入塔***的至少一个塔(100);使该至少为高压的空气的另一部分(13)至少部分在Claude涡轮机(17)中膨胀,然后将该部分送入中压塔(100);将至少一个液流(25)从所述塔***的一个塔(200)回收、对其加压(50)、并使其在热交换管路(9)中汽化;将冷增压器(23)连接到下列驱动装置中的一个上:i)涡轮膨胀机(119,119A),ii)电机(61),或iii)涡轮膨胀机与电机的组合,其特征在于,使在冷增压器(23)中增压的所有空气在热交换管路中冷却,使其膨胀并液化,然后将其输送到塔***(100,200)的至少一个塔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过低温空气蒸馏生产加压空气的方法和设备。
背景技术
某些(类型1)方法-例如EP-A-0 504 029中所说明的方法-利用单个压缩机将空气压缩到远高于中压塔压力的压力,从而生产高压(>15巴)氧。
因为这些方法在不要求产生液体时具有消耗大量能量的缺点,所以这些方法适于投资成本最重要的情况。
US-A-5 475 980中公开了其它(类型2)仅为生产加压的气态氧而利用高气压的方法,所述方法的比能较好,从而用于在不产生液体(或产生少量液体)的情况下生产高压气态氧。这些方法使用由机械地连接到涡轮膨胀机的鼓风机(blower)加压的低温压缩空气。
然而,因为该方法在热交换器体积方面的成本很高,所以这种能量优势被远大于类型1的投资的投资抵消了。这是因为,通常大部分(60%至80%)的主空气流在重新被引入主热交换管路前要进行绝热的低温压缩。
最后,这些类型的方法看起来在经济上是有利的,在低成本或高成本下对方法的选择可根据所希望的能量利用来进行。
发明内容
在本文件中,术语“冷凝”包括准冷凝(pseudo-condensation),术语“汽化”包括准汽化(pseudo-vaporization)。
如果温度相差最多为10℃,尤其是最多为5℃,则认为温度近似。
热交换管路是使塔***所产生的气体升温和/或使用于蒸馏的空气冷却的主热交换器。
本发明的一个目的是提出一种用作生产处理方案的替代方案,该方案在保持所需热交换体积小于上述类型2的冷压缩方案所需的热交换体积的同时,能够在类型1的方法的基础上提高能量性能。
根据本发明,只有一部分空气(在冷端液化的部分)受到低温压缩,这将热交换器体积的增加减少到最小。然而,这可以显著减小主气压,因为低温增压器输出的空气仍保持足以使氧汽化的压力。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种在包括双塔或三塔的塔***中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法,在最高压力下运行的塔在所谓的中压下运行,其中:
a)使所有空气升至高出中压至少5至10巴的高压;
b)将该空气的包括10%至50%的高压空气流的部分以接近液体汽化温度的温度从热交换管路回收、通过冷增压器使其增压至至少高于所述高压、然后将其送回热交换管路,并且使至少一部分在冷端液化、然后在膨胀后将该部分输送到塔***的至少一个塔;
c)使该至少为高压的空气的构成该高压空气剩余部分或者不构成该高压空气剩余部分的另一部分在Claude(克劳德)涡轮机中膨胀、然后将该部分输送到中压塔;
d)将至少一个液流从所述塔***的一个塔回收、对其加压、并使其在热交换管路中汽化;以及
e)将所述冷增压器连接到下列驱动装置中的一个上:
i)涡轮膨胀机,
ii)电机,或
iii)涡轮膨胀机与电机的组合,
其特征在于,使在冷增压器中增压的所有空气在热交换管路中冷却,使其膨胀并液化,然后将其输送到塔***的至少一个塔。
根据其它可选的方面:
-使高压空气的至少一部分在进入主热交换管路前在热增压器中增压,然后在热交换管路中冷却;
-使所有待蒸馏的空气在热增压器中增压至高于所述高压的压力;
-将来自热增压器的空气的一部分以该热增压器的出口压力输送到Claude涡轮机;
-使来自热增压器的空气的一部分在热交换管路中冷却,使其膨胀并液化,然后将其输送到塔***的至少一个塔;
-将来自热增压器的所有空气仅输送到Claude涡轮机,或输送到Claude涡轮机和冷增压器;
-将热增压器连接到Claude涡轮机;
-所有用于蒸馏的气态空气来自该涡轮机,并可选地来自另一空气涡轮膨胀机;
-使在冷增压器中增压的所有空气在热交换管路中冷却,使其膨胀并液化,然后将其输送到塔***的至少一个塔;
-使来自塔***的塔的富氮气流在热交换管路中略微升温、在构成驱动装置(或形成驱动装置的一部分)的涡轮膨胀机中膨胀、然后在热交换管路中升温;
-使空气流在构成驱动装置(或形成驱动装置的一部分)的涡轮膨胀机中膨胀,将膨胀后的空气输送到塔***的塔尤其是输送到低压塔;
-所汽化的来自塔的液体与空气相比是富氧的;
-冷增压器的入口温度接近并优选基本上等于从塔回收并在加压后引入热交换管路的液体的汽化温度;
-Claude涡轮机的入口温度低于冷增压器的入口温度;
-构成驱动装置或形成驱动装置的一部分的涡轮机的入口温度高于冷增压器的入口温度;以及
-将所有升至高出所述中压至少5至10巴的高压的空气在该高压下净化。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种低温蒸馏空气分离设备,该设备包括:
a)热交换管路;
b)双塔或三塔式空气分离塔,所述分离塔的在最高压力下运行的塔在
中压下运行;
c)Claude涡轮机;
d)连接到Claude涡轮机的热增压器;
e)冷增压器;
f)用于驱动冷增压器的装置,包括涡轮机、电机或涡轮机与电机的组合;
g)将所有用于蒸馏的压缩空气输送到热增压器的装置,以及将增压后的空气输送到热交换管路的装置;
h)用于将优选构成压缩空气的10%至50%的已增压空气的第一部分回收至热交换管路的中间高度处并用于将该部分空气输送到冷增压器的装置,用于将来自冷增压器的空气送回到热交换管路的装置,以及用于从热交换管路的冷端输出来自冷增压器的空气以使该空气膨胀并继续输送该空气的装置;
i)用于将已增压空气的第二部分回收至热交换管路的中间高度处并用于将该部分空气输送至Claude涡轮机的装置;以及
j)用于从双塔或三塔将待汽化的液体输送至热交换管路的装置。
构成驱动装置或形成驱动装置的一部分的涡轮机可以是空气涡轮膨胀机,尤其是鼓风涡轮机(blowing turbine)或氮涡轮膨胀机。
附图说明
下面将结合附图对本发明进行更详细的说明,其中:
图1至4均示出一根据本发明的空气分离装置。
具体实施方式
在图1中,在一压缩机(未示出)中将空气压缩至约15巴的压力,然后进行净化以除去杂质(未示出)。净化后的空气在增压器5中增压至约18巴。增压后的空气通过与制冷剂例如水进行热交换而冷却,并被输送到热交换管路9的热端。使所有空气都冷却至热交换管路的中间温度,然后将空气分成两部分。将空气的包括10%至50%的高压气流的第一部分11输送到增压器23的低温入口。然后,将增压后的空气在未在增压器出口处被冷却的情况下以约31巴的压力输送到热交换管路,接着尤其通过与准汽化的液态氧25的泵送流进行热交换而使所述空气冷却并液化。将空气的包括50%至90%的高压空气的剩余部分13冷却至低于增压器23入口温度的温度、使其在Claude涡轮机17中膨胀、然后将其输送到中压塔,从而构成了输送到双塔的唯一气态空气流。
来自中压塔100的富氮气流31在热交换管路中升温、以高于Claude涡轮机17的入口温度的温度离开热交换管路、然后被输送到涡轮膨胀机119。基本处于低压并且温度基本为热交换管路的冷端温度的已膨胀氮被重新引入热交换管路,在热交换管路中所述氮被加热或与从低压塔回收的富氮气体33结合,所形成的氮气流29在通过整个热交换管路时温度升高。
氮涡轮膨胀机119连接到冷增压器23,Claude涡轮机17连接至热增压器5。
涡轮膨胀机119不是本发明的必要构件,而用于冷增压器23的驱动器可由电机替代。同样,涡轮膨胀机119可由空气涡轮膨胀机替代。
图1和所有图的塔***都是常规气体分离装置,所述装置由通过低压塔200的槽式再沸器(sump reboiler)热连接到该低压塔200上的中压塔100形成,该再沸器通过中压氮流升温。当然,也可以设想其它类型的再沸器。
中压塔100在5.5巴的压力下运行,但它也可以在更高的压力下运行。
来自涡轮机17的气态空气35被输送到中压塔100的底部。
液化空气37在阀39中膨胀并被分成两部分,一部分被输送到中压塔100,剩余的部分被输送到低压塔200。
在阀内膨胀和过冷步骤后,富液51、下层贫液53和上层贫液55被从中压塔100送入低压塔200。
可将富氧液57和富氮液59作为最终产品从双塔中回收。
富氧液由泵500加压,然后作为加压液25被输送到热交换管路9。作为替代方案地或者附加地,可使其它加压的或未加压的液体一例如其它处于不同压力的液氧流、液氮和液氩在热交换管路9中汽化。
在已被用来使回流液51、53、55过冷后,废氮27被从低压塔的顶部回收并在热交换管路9中升温。
或者,该塔可以通过处理从低压塔200回收的气流而生产氩。
如虚线所示,作为变型,可以通过与汽化的氧进行热交换来使高压空气的未在增压器23中增压的部分41在热交换管路中液化,使该部分在阀43中膨胀至中压,然后与液化空气37混合。可以理解,如果空气在离开增压器5时处于超临界压力,则其只有在阀39、43中膨胀后才会液化。
图2与图1的不同之处在于,不从中压塔100的顶部回收气态中压氮。中压氮涡轮机119被鼓风涡轮机119A替换。来自Claude涡轮机17的空气的一部分61被输送到鼓风涡轮机,而在涡轮机119A中膨胀的空气被输送到低压塔200。
热增压器5还是连接在Claude涡轮机上,而冷增压器23连接在鼓风涡轮机上。
图2中的液-气膨胀阀也不一样,因为液流仅在分成用于中压塔和低压塔的液流后才膨胀。
与图1中一样,可以通过与氧进行热交换而使高压空气的一部分冷却,从而使两个空气流在热交换管路中液化,以使热平衡得到优化。
这种方法更适于生产低纯度的氧。
图3与图1和图2类似,但其除Claude涡轮机之外不包括涡轮机。冷增压器23连接到马达61,热增压器5连接到Claude涡轮机。
在图4中,只将处于约15巴的压缩空气的一部分3输送到热增压器5。该部分构成高压空气的约90%至50%。然后使该空气冷却并将其输送到热交换管路9的热端。所有来自热增压器的空气都被回收至热交换管路9的中间高度处,然后被输送到Claude涡轮机17。一部分已膨胀空气35被直接输送到中压塔100,而剩余的膨胀空气被输送到鼓风涡轮机119A,然后输送到低压塔200。
处于约15巴的空气的剩余部分2(从而占总的高压气流的10%至50%)在热交换管路9中冷却至高于Claude涡轮机17的入口温度的中等温度,然后在冷增压器23中增压。然后该空气在热交换管路9中液化。与图2中一样,热增压器5连接到Claude涡轮机,冷增压器23连接到鼓风涡轮机119A。
Claims (21)
1.在包括双塔或三塔的塔***(100,200)中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法,在最高压力下运行的塔在所谓的中压下运行,其中:
a)使所有空气升至高出中压5至10巴的高压;
b)将该空气的包括10%至50%的高压空气流的部分(11)以接近液体汽化温度的温度从热交换管路(9)回收、通过冷增压器(23)使其增压至至少高于所述高压、然后将其送回热交换管路,并且使至少一部分在热交换管路的冷端液化、然后在膨胀后将该部分输送到塔***的至少一个塔;
c)使该至少为高压的空气的构成该高压空气剩余部分或者构成该高压空气剩余部分中的一部分的另一部分(13)在克劳德涡轮机(17)中膨胀,然后将该部分输送到中压塔;
d)将至少一个液流(25)从所述塔***的一个塔(200)回收、对其加压、并使其在热交换管路中汽化;以及
e)将所述冷增压器连接到下列驱动装置中的一个上:
i)涡轮膨胀机(119,119A),
ii)电机(61),或
iii)涡轮膨胀机与电机的组合,
其特征在于,使在冷增压器(23)中增压的所有空气在热交换管路中冷却,使其膨胀并液化,然后将其输送到塔***(100,200)的至少一个塔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使所述高压空气的至少一部分(3)在进入热交换管路前在热增压器(5)中增压,然后在热交换管路(9)中冷却。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,使所有待蒸馏的空气在热增压器(5)中增压至高于所述高压的压力。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,将来自热增压器(5)的空气的一部分(13)以该热增压器的出口压力输送到克劳德涡轮机(17)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,使来自热增压器(5)的空气的一部分(41)在热交换管路中冷却,使其膨胀并液化,然后将其输送到塔***的至少一个塔。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,将来自热增压器(5)的所有空气仅输送到克劳德涡轮机(17),或输送到克劳德涡轮机和冷增压器(23)。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,将热增压器(5)连接到克劳德涡轮机(17)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所有用于蒸馏的气态空气来自所述克劳德涡轮机(17),或者来自所述克劳德涡轮机(17)和另一空气涡轮膨胀机。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,使来自塔***的塔(100)的富氮气流(31)在热交换管路(9)中略微升温,在构成驱动装置或形成驱动装置的一部分的涡轮膨胀机(119)中膨胀,然后在热交换管路中升温。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,使来自克劳德涡轮机(17)的空气的一部分(61)在构成驱动装置或形成驱动装置的一部分的涡轮膨胀机(119A)中膨胀,将膨胀后的空气输送到塔***的塔。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述膨胀后的空气输送到低压塔(200)。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所汽化的来自塔的液流(25)与空气相比是富氧的。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述冷增压器(23)的入口温度接近从塔回收并在加压后引入热交换管路的液流(25)的汽化温度。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述冷增压器(23)的入口温度基本上等于从塔回收并在加压后引入热交换管路的液流(25)的汽化温度。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述克劳德涡轮机(17)的入口温度低于所述冷增压器(23)的入口温度。
16.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,构成驱动装置或形成驱动装置的一部分的涡轮机(119,119A)的入口温度高于冷增压器(23)的入口温度。
17.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,将所有升至高出所述中压5至10巴的高压的空气在该高压下净化。
18.低温蒸馏空气分离设备,该设备包括:
a)热交换管路(9);
b)双塔或三塔式空气分离塔(100,200),该分离塔的在最高压力下运行的塔在中压下运行;
c)克劳德涡轮机(17);
d)连接到克劳德涡轮机的热增压器(5);
e)冷增压器(23);
f)用于驱动冷增压器的装置,包括涡轮机(119,119A)、电机(61)或涡轮机与电机的组合;
g)将所有用于蒸馏的压缩空气输送到热增压器的装置,以及将增压后的空气输送到热交换管路的装置;
h)用于将已增压空气的第一部分回收至热交换管路的中间高度处并用于将该部分空气输送到冷增压器的装置,用于将来自冷增压器的空气送回到热交换管路的装置,以及用于从热交换管路的冷端输出来自冷增压器的空气以使该空气膨胀并继续输送该空气的装置;
i)用于将已增压空气的第二部分回收至热交换管路的中间高度处并用于将该部分空气输送至克劳德涡轮机的装置;以及
j)用于从双塔或三塔将待汽化的液体输送至热交换管路的装置。
19.根据权利要求18所述的设备,其特征在于,所述已增压空气的第一部分构成压缩空气的10%至50%。
20.根据权利要求18所述的设备,其特征在于,构成驱动装置或形成驱动装置的一部分的涡轮机是空气涡轮膨胀机。
21.根据权利要求20所述的设备,其特征在于,所述空气涡轮膨胀机是鼓风涡轮机(119A)或氮涡轮膨胀机(119)。
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- 2003-05-05 FR FR0350142A patent/FR2854683B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2004-04-06 EP EP04742833.9A patent/EP1623172B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-06 US US10/555,745 patent/US9945606B2/en active Active
- 2004-04-06 PL PL04742833T patent/PL1623172T3/pl unknown
- 2004-04-06 JP JP2006505869A patent/JP4728219B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-06 CN CN2004800120826A patent/CN1784579B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-06 HU HUE04742833A patent/HUE026528T2/en unknown
- 2004-04-06 WO PCT/FR2004/050146 patent/WO2004099691A1/fr active Application Filing
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CN1232165A (zh) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-10-20 | 气体产品与化学公司 | 制备氧的有效方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1784579A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
EP1623172B1 (fr) | 2015-12-09 |
US9945606B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
JP4728219B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
FR2854683B1 (fr) | 2006-09-29 |
PL1623172T3 (pl) | 2016-06-30 |
WO2004099691A1 (fr) | 2004-11-18 |
EP1623172A1 (fr) | 2006-02-08 |
US20060277944A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
JP2006525487A (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
HUE026528T2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
FR2854683A1 (fr) | 2004-11-12 |
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