CN100432601C - 低温蒸馏方法和用于空气分离的设备 - Google Patents

低温蒸馏方法和用于空气分离的设备 Download PDF

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CN100432601C
CN100432601C CNB200580002063XA CN200580002063A CN100432601C CN 100432601 C CN100432601 C CN 100432601C CN B200580002063X A CNB200580002063X A CN B200580002063XA CN 200580002063 A CN200580002063 A CN 200580002063A CN 100432601 C CN100432601 C CN 100432601C
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air
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exchange pipeline
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P·勒博
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及利用低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备。根据本发明，所有的空气被增压到高于中压的高压并被净化。净化空气流的一部分(11)在交换管路(9)中冷却，并随后分成两份(13，15)。每一份在涡轮机(17，19)中膨胀，这两个涡轮机的进气压力比中压至少高5bar。此外，这两个涡轮机中的至少一个的排放压力基本上等于中压。在涡轮机中的至少一个内膨胀的空气的至少一部分被送到双塔或三塔中的中压塔。然后，机械地连接到膨胀涡轮机中的一个(19)上的低温增压机(23)吸入在主交换管路中冷却的空气，并在高于进气温度的温度下释放所述空气。这样压缩的流体重新引入主交换管路，其中流体的至少一部分冷凝。另外，来自所述塔中的一个(200)的至少一种加压液体(25)在交换管路中在气化温度下气化，并且不连接到低温增压机的涡轮机(17)连接到其后设置有冷却器的增压机(5)。

Description

低温蒸馏方法和用于空气分离的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备。
背景技术
通过加压液体在空气分离设备的交换管路中与高于深冷温度的压缩气体进行热交换而气化以从加压空气生产气体是已知的。从FR-A-2 688 052、EP-A-0644388、EP-A-1014020和专利申请FR 03/01722已知这种类型的设备。
这些已知设备的热效率不是很高，因为与低温压缩有关的热流入必须排出。
另外，在诸如US-A-5 475 980的图7所示方案的情况下，连接到低温增压机上的整个涡轮机与结合在机器的轴上的能量吸收***(油制动器)相关联，并在技术上限制在低功率水平下(70kW左右)。
无论如何，这种类型的方法在经济上确实是有益的，尤其是当几乎没有能量的回收利用或者能量可以在低成本下获得时。因此，能够克服集成于涡轮机/增压机组件的轴上的油制动器的技术限制可能是有益的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种替代方案，使得能够实现基于低温增压机而没有集成于涡轮机/增压机的轴上的能量耗散***的工艺方案，由此设计在实践中将该方案应用于各种大小的空气分离设备。
本发明的一个主题是一种在包括双塔式或三塔式空气分离塔和交换管路的设备中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的，所述空气分离塔中在较高压力下工作的塔在称作中压的压力下工作，其中：
a)将所有空气增压到高压并进行净化，该高压可选地比中压高至少5bar，所述净化可选地在该高压下进行；
b)已净化空气流的一部分在交换管路中冷却，然后分成两份；
c)每一份在涡轮机中膨胀；
d)所述两个涡轮机的进气压力比中压高至少5bar；
e)所述两个涡轮机中的至少一个的输送压力基本上等于中压；
f)将在涡轮机中的至少一个内膨胀的空气的至少一部分送到双塔或三塔中的中压塔；
g)机械地连接到膨胀涡轮机中的一个上的低温增压机吸入已在交换管路中冷却的空气，并在高于进气温度的温度下输送该空气，并且将这样压缩的流体重新引入交换管路中，在交换管路中流体的至少一部分发生(假)冷凝；
h)来自所述塔中的一个的至少一种加压液体在交换管路中在气化温度下发生(假)气化，
其特征在于：
i)没有连接到低温增压机的涡轮机连接到其后设置有冷却器的增压机；以及，可选地，
ii)低温增压机的进气温度接近于液体的(假)气化温度。
根据本发明的其它可选方面：
-所述设备除了双塔或三塔之外还包括混合塔，来自所述涡轮机中的至少一个的空气被送到该混合塔；
-送到所述混合塔上游的涡轮机中的至少一个的空气来自不同于低温增压机的那个增压机，并且在高于高压的压力下离开该增压机；
-将来自涡轮机中的至少一个的空气送到混合塔的底部以便参与质量交换；以及
-将处于高压的空气送到混合塔的底部再沸器，该空气在被送到双塔或三塔之前在所述底部再沸器中至少部分地冷凝。
本发明的另一个主题是通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备，该设备包括：
a)双塔式或三塔式空气分离塔，所述空气分离塔中在较高压力下工作的塔在称作中压的压力下工作；
b)交换管路；
c)用于使所有空气增压到高于中压的高压的装置，以及用于净化该空气的装置，可选地在该高压下进行净化；
d)用于将已净化空气流的一部分送进交换管路中以便冷却该空气流的装置，以及用于将已冷却空气分成两份的装置；
e)两个涡轮机以及用于将一份空气送到每个涡轮机的装置；
f)用于将在涡轮机中的至少一个内膨胀的空气的至少一部分送到所述双塔或三塔的中压塔的装置；
g)低温增压机，用于将优选地从主交换管路的中间位置抽取的空气送到该低温增压机的装置，以及用于将在该低温增压机内增压的空气在所述抽取位置上游的中间位置处送进交换管路的装置；
h)用于使来自所述塔中的一个的至少一种液体加压的装置，用于将所述至少一种加压液体送进交换管路的装置，以及用于从交换管路排出气化液体的装置；以及
i)所述低温增压机连接到涡轮机中的一个，
其特征在于，没有连接到所述低温增压机的涡轮机连接到其后设置有冷却器的增压机。
根据其它可选方面，该设备包括：
-混合塔和用于将空气从涡轮机中的至少一个送到所述混合塔的装置；
-用于将在增压机内压缩的空气的一部分送到混合塔上游的至少一个膨胀涡轮机的装置，所述增压机构成能量耗散装置或形成能量耗散装置的一部分；
-用于将来自涡轮机中的至少一个的空气送进混合塔以便参与质量交换的装置；以及
-用于将处于高压的空气送进混合塔的底部再沸器的装置，以及用于将在该底部再沸器中至少部分地冷凝的空气送到双塔或三塔的装置。
将使用与第一涡轮机/增压机组件并行工作并配备有自己的能量耗散***的附加涡轮机。有利地，该***将是其后设有安装在暧部中的水冷却器的增压机。
语句“压力接近”是指压力相差最多5bar，优选地最多2bar。语句“温度接近”是指温度相差最多15℃，优选地最多10℃。
增压机是单级压缩机。
所有提及的压力都是绝对压力。
术语“冷凝”包括假冷凝。
术语“气化”包括假气化。
本发明与US-A-5 475 980的区别在于，在图4(可选涡轮机9)中，两个涡轮机8、32的进气压力相差很大，差别至少为14bar，并且在图5中，压力差为大约13bar且一涡轮机在低压下排放，这对于纯氧的生产是不利的。
附图说明
下面将参照附图详细说明本发明，在附图中：
图1和2示出根据本发明的空气分离设备。
具体实施方式
在图1中，大气压下的空气流在一主压缩机(未示出)中压缩至大约15bar。然后，在净化(未示出)该空气以去除杂质之前可选地对该空气进行冷却。将已净化空气分成两部分。将空气的一部分3送到增压机5，在该增压机中将空气压缩至17到20bar之间的压力，然后增压空气在被送到空气分离设备的主交换管路9的暖端之前通过水冷却器7冷却。增压空气11在离开交换管路并分为两份之前被冷却至一中间温度。当然，流11的一份可以继续冷却直至到达交换管路9的冷端，从该冷端处该份被液化排出。一份13送到涡轮机17，其余的一份15送到涡轮机19。这两个涡轮机具有相同的进气温度和压力以及相同的排气温度和压力，但是这些温度和压力当然可以彼此接近而不是相等。通过涡轮机输出的两股气流混合在一起形成空气流21，该空气流的一部分121送到双塔，而其余的一部分122送到混合塔300。流122构成为流21的一部分，或者可选地，在流21为两相流的情况下构成为流21的气态部分的一份。当然，也可以将全部流21送到中压塔100并从中抽取气态部分122而送到混合塔，在这种情况下中压塔代替了分相器。中压塔和混合塔的压力可以不同。作为变型，涡轮机19可以是在低压塔压力下输送的鼓风涡轮机。
构成原料空气其余部分的压力为15bar的空气的另一部分2在交换管路中冷却至高于涡轮机17、19的进气温度的一中间温度，在第二增压机23中压缩至大约30bar，并在更高温度下重新引入交换管路9中以便继续冷却。
这样，压力约为30bar的空气37在交换管路中液化，并且液态氧25在交换管路中气化，该液体的气化温度接近第二增压机23的进气温度。液化空气离开交换管路并被送到塔***。
废氮气流27在交换管路9中被加热。
第一增压机5连接到涡轮机中的一个17或19上，而第二增压机23连接到涡轮机中的另一个19或17上。
空气分离设备的塔***由与具有尖塔的低压塔200热连接的中压塔100、混合塔300以及可选的氩气塔(未示出)形成。低压塔不一定要具有尖塔。
中压塔在5.5bar的压力下工作，但是也可在更高压力下工作。
来自两个涡轮机17、19的空气121是送入中压塔100的底部中的流。
液化空气37在阀39中或者可选地在涡轮机中膨胀，并送到塔***。
富液51、下部贫液53和上部贫液55在阀内膨胀和低温冷却步骤后从中压塔100送到低压塔200。
液态氧通过泵500加压并作为加压液体25送到交换管路9。其它液体(无论加压与否)可在交换管路中气化。
可选地，从中压塔抽取气态氮并再次在交换管路9中冷却。
在用于低温冷却回流液体之后，氮气33被从低压塔的顶部抽取出来并在交换管路中加热。
在用于低温冷却回流液体之后，废氮气27被从低压塔的较低位置抽取出来并在交换管路中加热。
可选地，塔可以通过处理抽入低压塔200中的流51来生产氩气。如果有氩气塔的话，流52是从该氩气塔送来的底部液体。
混合塔300在顶部被供给从低压塔200的中间位置抽取并通过泵600加压的富氧液体35，在底部被供给来自涡轮机17、19的气态空气流122。混合塔基本上在中压下工作。
从混合塔顶部抽取气态氧气流37然后在交换管路9中加热，在底部抽取液体流41并在一阀内膨胀后送到低压塔。可以从塔300抽取被送到低压塔的中间流。
在图2中，大气压下的空气流在一主压缩机(未示出)中压缩至大约15bar。然后，在净化(未示出)该空气以去除杂质之前可选地对该空气进行冷却。将净化空气分成两部分。将空气的一部分3送到增压机5，在该增压机中将空气压缩至17到20bar之间的压力，然后增压空气在被送到空气分离设备的主交换管路9的暖端之前通过水冷却器7冷却。增压空气11在被分成两份103、123之前冷却至一中间温度。一份103离开交换管路并再次分成两份。一份13送到涡轮机17，其余的一份15送到涡轮机19。这两个涡轮机具有相同的进气温度和压力以及相同的排气温度和压力，但是这些温度和压力当然可以彼此接近而不是相等。通过涡轮机输出的两股气流混合在一起形成空气流21，该空气流的一部分121送到双塔，而其余的一部分122送到混合塔300。作为变型，涡轮机19可以是在低压塔压力下输送的鼓风涡轮机。
一份123继续在交换管路9中冷却，并从冷端上游排出而送到混合塔300的底部再沸器301，在该再沸器中这一份至少部分地冷凝以形成流125。
构成原料空气其余部分的压力为15bar的空气的另一部分2在交换管路中冷却至高于涡轮机17、19的进气温度的一中间温度，在第二增压机23中压缩至大约30bar，并在更高温度下重新引入交换管路9中以便继续冷却。
这样，压力约为30bar的空气37在交换管路中液化，并且液态氧25在交换管路中气化，该液体的气化温度接近第二增压机23的进气温度。液化空气离开交换管路，并在与来自再沸器301的液化空气125混合后被送到塔***。
废氮气流27在交换管路9中被加热。
第一增压机5连接到涡轮机中的一个17或19上，而第二增压机23连接到涡轮机中的另一个19或17上。
空气分离设备的塔***由与具有尖塔的低压塔200热连接的中压塔100、混合塔300以及可选的氩气塔(未示出)形成。低压塔不一定要具有尖塔。
中压塔在5.5bar的压力下工作，但是也可在更高压力下工作。
来自两个涡轮机17、19的气态空气21是送入中压塔100的底部中的流。
液化空气37在阀39中膨胀并至少送到中压塔100。
富液51、下部贫液53和上部贫液55在阀内膨胀和低温冷却步骤后从中压塔100送到低压塔200。
液态氧通过泵500加压并作为加压液体25送到交换管路9。另外或者作为替换，其它液体(无论加压与否)可在交换管路中气化。
可选地，从中压塔抽取气态氮并再次在交换管路9中冷却。
在用于低温冷却回流液体之后，氮气33被从低压塔的顶部抽取出来并在交换管路中加热。
在用于低温冷却回流液体之后，废氮气27被从低压塔的较低位置抽取出来并在交换管路中加热。
可选地，塔可以通过处理抽入低压塔200中的流51来生产氩气。
混合塔300仅在顶部被供给从低压塔200的中间位置抽取并通过泵600加压的富氧液体35。混合塔基本上在中压下工作。通过改变流123的压力，混合塔300可在不同于中压的压力下工作。可选地，可将富液51的一部分送到塔300的底部。
从混合塔顶部抽取气态氧气流37并在交换管路9中加热，在底部抽取液体流41并在一阀内膨胀后送到低压塔。

Claims (14)

1.一种在包括双塔式或三塔式空气分离塔(100，200)和交换管路(9)的设备中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述空气分离塔中在较高压力下工作的塔(100)在称作中压的压力下工作，其中：
a)将所有空气增压到高压并进行净化；
b)已净化空气流的一部分在交换管路中冷却，然后分成两份；
c)每一份分别在两个涡轮机(17，19)中的一个中膨胀；
d)所述两个涡轮机的进气压力比中压高至少5bar；
e)所述两个涡轮机中的至少一个的输送压力基本上等于中压；
f)将在涡轮机中的至少一个内膨胀的空气的至少一部分送到双塔或三塔中的中压塔；
g)机械地连接到涡轮机中的一个上的低温增压机(23)吸入已在交换管路中冷却的空气，并在高于进气温度的温度下输送该空气，并且将这样压缩的流体重新引入交换管路中，在交换管路中流体的至少一部分发生冷凝；
h)来自所述空气分离塔中的一个的至少一种加压液体在交换管路中在气化温度下发生气化，并且，
i)没有连接到低温增压机的涡轮机(17)连接到其后设置有冷却器的增压机(5)，
其特征在于，所述设备除了双塔或三塔之外还包括混合塔(300)，并且来自所述涡轮机(17，19)中的至少一个的空气被送到该混合塔。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，送到所述混合塔上游的涡轮机(17，19)中的至少一个的空气来自不同于低温增压机(23)的那个增压机(5)，并且在高于高压的压力下离开该增压机。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在涡轮机(17，19)中的至少一个内膨胀的空气(13，15)被送到混合塔(300)的底部以便参与该处的质量交换。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将至少处于高压的空气(123)送到混合塔(300)的底部再沸器(301)，该空气在被送到双塔或三塔之前在所述底部再沸器中至少部分地冷凝。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述高压比中压高至少5bar。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述净化在所述高压下进行。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述低温增压机(23)的进气温度接近于液体的气化温度。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，来自所述涡轮机(17，19)中的至少一个的空气在经过中压塔(100)之后被送到所述混合塔。
9.一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备，包括：
a)双塔式或三塔式空气分离塔(100，200)，所述空气分离塔中在较高压力下工作的塔(100)在称作中压的压力下工作；
b)交换管路(9)；
c)用于使所有空气增压到高于中压的高压的装置，以及用于净化该空气的装置；
d)用于将已净化空气流的一部分送进交换管路中以便冷却该空气流的装置，以及用于将已冷却空气分成两份的装置；
e)两个涡轮机(17，19)以及用于将一份空气送到每个涡轮机的装置；
f)用于将在涡轮机中的至少一个内膨胀的空气的至少一部分送到所述双塔或三塔的中压塔的装置；
g)低温增压机(23)，用于将从交换管路的一抽取位置抽取的空气送到该低温增压机的装置，以及用于将在该低温增压机内增压的空气在所述抽取位置上游的中间位置处送进交换管路的装置；
h)用于使来自所述空气分离塔中的一个的至少一种液体加压的装置(500)，用于将被加压的液体送进交换管路的装置，以及用于从交换管路排出气化液体的装置；
i)所述低温增压机连接到涡轮机中的一个(19)；以及
j)没有连接到所述低温增压机的涡轮机(17)连接到其后设置有冷却器的增压机(5)，
其特征在于，该设备包括混合塔和用于将空气从涡轮机(17，19)中的至少一个送到所述混合塔的装置。
10.如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括用于将在其后设置有冷却器的增压机(5)内压缩的空气的一部分送到混合塔上游的至少一个涡轮机(17，19)的装置，所述其后设置有冷却器的增压机(5)构成能量耗散装置或形成能量耗散装置的一部分。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括用于将来自涡轮机(17，19)中的至少一个的空气送进混合塔以便参与该处的质量交换的装置。
12.如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括用于将至少处于高压的空气(123)送进混合塔(300)的底部再沸器(301)中的装置，以及用于将在该底部再沸器中至少部分地冷凝的空气送到双塔或三塔的装置。
13.如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述用于净化空气的装置在所述高压下进行净化。
14.如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述抽取位置位于交换管路的中间位置。
CNB200580002063XA 2004-01-12 2005-01-07 低温蒸馏方法和用于空气分离的设备 Expired - Fee Related CN100432601C (zh)

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FR2865024B3 (fr) 2006-05-05
RU2006129296A (ru) 2008-02-20
EP1711765A1 (fr) 2006-10-18
JP2007518054A (ja) 2007-07-05
RU2360194C2 (ru) 2009-06-27
BRPI0506789B1 (pt) 2018-02-06
ES2425944T3 (es) 2013-10-18
WO2005073651A1 (fr) 2005-08-11
FR2865024A1 (fr) 2005-07-15
PL1711765T3 (pl) 2013-10-31
EP1711765B8 (fr) 2013-08-28
CN1910419A (zh) 2007-02-07
US20080223076A1 (en) 2008-09-18
UA89365C2 (uk) 2010-01-25
BRPI0506789A (pt) 2007-05-22

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