CN1721107B - 切削刀具刀片及其制造方法 - Google Patents

切削刀具刀片及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1721107B
CN1721107B CN2005100824799A CN200510082479A CN1721107B CN 1721107 B CN1721107 B CN 1721107B CN 2005100824799 A CN2005100824799 A CN 2005100824799A CN 200510082479 A CN200510082479 A CN 200510082479A CN 1721107 B CN1721107 B CN 1721107B
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tool insert
cutting tool
coating
cutting edge
aluminium oxide
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CN1721107A (zh
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安德斯·强森
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B23B27/145—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having a special shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于金属加工的切削刀具刀片，包括具有至少一个耐磨层的涂层和基底，并且所述刀片还包括相交形成切削刃的余隙面和前刀面。该切削刃基本不具有切削刃半径，涂层至少从靠近切削刃处通过在余隙面上研磨而被除去，并且前刀面上的涂层在0.25mm的基准长度上具有小于0.3μm的表面粗糙度。

Description

切削刀具刀片及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有锐利切削刃和涂层的切削刀具刀片，该刀片尤其适于加工非铁材料例如钛、铝、黄铜、青铜、塑料等。 
背景技术
使用硬质合金切削刀具刀片对金属进行加工，该刀片具有相交以形成切削刃的前刀面和余隙面。切削刃应该是锐利的以提供低切削力和低能耗。然而，硬质合金是一种脆性材料，因此锐利的切削刃通常不是足够坚硬的。如果其发生断裂，则切削力增加并且所加工材料的表面精加工状况将是低劣的。为了强化切削刃，其可以被圆化成基本在10-50μm之间的半径，或者设置有倒角或刃带。对切削刃的精确设计取决于所要加工的材料类型，并且是在可接受的切削力和切削刃强度之间进行折衷考虑。一些工件材料例如铝等要求具有最小切削刃圆化程度的非常锐利的切削刃。过度圆化的切削刃在这种材料中将导致切削刃磨损并且能够影响到随后磨损的进一步发展情况。对于这种材料的加工，通常使用无涂层硬质合金刀片。如果施加有涂层，则刀片将会变钝。而且，涂层切削刃要求有一定程度的圆化以确保能够令人满意的施加涂层。然而，期望在加工要求锐利切削刃的材料时也能够使用涂层刀片。 
在公开的美国专利申请2002/0187370中披露了如下内容，即磨削一定量的前刀面和刀刃脊的侧面，以在5μm的参考长度上获得0.2μm或更小的表面粗糙度。其中指出还可以通过微细喷砂(microblast)和离子束辐射进行表面重整，但只对磨削和研磨进行了示例。 
发明内容
因此本发明的一个目的在于提供一种制造具有锐利切削刃的涂层硬质合金切削刀片的方法。 
附图简要说明 
图1示出将横截面放大1500倍的根据本发明的涂层切削刀具刀片的涂层外观。 
图2示出将横截面放大1500倍的根据现有技术的涂层切削刀具刀片的涂层外观。 
具体实施方式
为了获得锐利的切削刃，在进行涂层操作之后需要将涂层刀片在余隙面上进行研磨。初步测试表明这种方法是不可行的，这是因为研磨操作将导致在切削刃边线中对涂层造成损坏，并且形成不够锐利的切削刃。然而，已经意外发现，如果在研磨之前至少在前刀面上对涂层进行喷丸操作，以在0.25mm的基准长度上形成小于0.3μm的表面粗糙度(Ra)，则该涂层基本不受研磨操作的影响，从而形成非常锐利的切削刃。 
在一个优选实施例中，最外层为氧化铝层，优选为α氧化铝层，其具有1-10μm的厚度，优选为3-6μm。 
在又一个优选实施例中，在氧化铝层与基底之间存在Ti(C，N)内层，其具有1-10μm的厚度，优选为4-7μm，具有柱状晶粒。 
本发明还涉及通过以下步骤制造具有非常锐利的切削刃的涂层切削刀具刀片的方法： 
-提供涂层切削刀具刀片， 
-至少对所述刀片的前刀面进行喷丸操作，以获得在0.25mm的基准长度上具有小于0.3μm的表面粗糙度(Ra)的光滑表面，并且 
-使用精细砂轮对刀片进行周边研磨操作以获得基本不具有切削  刃半径的切削刃。 
实例1：本发明 
N-123L-0800-AM型硬质合金刀片(以6％的Co和做为平衡量的WC为其组分)涂覆有0.5μm的等轴TiCN层，然后利用MTCVD技术(处理温度为850℃)涂覆厚5μm的具有柱状晶粒的TiCN层。在同一涂覆循环期间的后续处理步骤中，沉积厚1μm的具有TiCxNyOz (近似的，x＝0.6、y＝0.2，并且z＝0.2)等轴晶粒的层，然后沉积厚4μm的α-Al2O3层。在涂覆完成之后，利用湿法清理对该刀片进行平滑处理以使其在0.25mm的基准长度上具有0.2μm的表面粗糙度。最后，利用具有25μm的晶粒尺寸的金刚石砂轮对该刀片进行周边研磨操作以获得锐利的切削刃。图1示出基本未被该研磨操作损伤的涂层外观。 
实例2：对照例 
重复实例1，而不进行喷丸操作，并且刀片具有厚0.5μm的等轴TiC0.05N0.05层，然后利用MTCVD技术(温度为850-885℃，并且使用CH3CN做为碳/氮源)涂覆厚2.6μm的具有柱状晶粒的TiC0.54N0.46层。在同一涂覆循环期间的后续处理步骤中，在970℃的温度下并且使用浓度为0.4％的H2S掺质，沉积厚1.3μm的κ-Al2O3层。根据已知的CVD技术，在顶部沉积厚0.5μm的TiN层。图2示出在周边研磨操作之后该涂层的横截面外观。显然该涂层由于研磨而遭受严重损伤，由此导致该切削刃的加工状况不可接受。 
实例3：对照例 
重复实例1，而不进行最终喷丸操作。得到类似于图2所示的切削刃边线的涂层外观。 

Claims (8)

1.用于金属加工的切削刀具刀片的制造方法，所述切削刀具刀片包括涂层和基底，所述涂层包括至少一个耐磨层，并且所述刀片还包括相交形成切削刃的余隙面和前刀面，其特征在于：
提供具有涂层的切削刀具刀片；
至少对所述刀片的前刀面进行喷丸操作，以获得在0.25mm的基准长度上具有小于0.3μm的表面粗糙度(Ra)的光滑表面；并且
使用精细砂轮对刀片进行周边研磨操作以获得基本不具有切削刃半径的切削刃。
2.一种用于金属加工的切削刀具刀片，包括具有至少一个耐磨层的涂层和基底，并且所述刀片还包括相交形成切削刃的余隙面和前刀面，其特征在于，所述前刀面上的涂层经过喷丸操作从而在0.25mm的基准长度上具有小于0.3μm的表面粗糙度，并且在喷丸操作之后至少从靠近所述切削刃处通过在所述余隙面上研磨而除去所述涂层，使得所述切削刃基本不具有切削刃半径。
3.根据权利要求2所述的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于，所述涂层具有厚度为2-10μm的氧化铝最外耐磨层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于，所述氧化铝最外耐磨层的厚度为3-6μm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于，所述氧化铝最外耐磨层为α氧化铝层。
6.根据权利要求4所述的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于，所述氧化铝最外耐磨层为α氧化铝层。
7.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于，所述涂层在所述氧化铝最外耐磨层与所述基底之间具有Ti(C，N)内层，所述内层具有2-10μm的厚度，具有柱状晶粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于，所述内层具有4-7μm的厚度。
CN2005100824799A 2004-07-05 2005-07-05 切削刀具刀片及其制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1721107B (zh)

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SE0401741A SE528012C2 (sv) 2004-07-05 2004-07-05 Belagt hårdmetallskär med skarp skäregg avsett för metallbearbetning samt sätt för dess framställning
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EP (1) EP1616646B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006021319A (zh)
KR (1) KR101346440B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1721107B (zh)
AT (1) ATE361803T1 (zh)
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DE602005001091T2 (de) 2008-01-10
SE0401741L (sv) 2006-01-06
JP2006021319A (ja) 2006-01-26
KR101346440B1 (ko) 2013-12-31
KR20060049857A (ko) 2006-05-19
EP1616646A1 (en) 2006-01-18
US20060019120A1 (en) 2006-01-26
SE0401741D0 (sv) 2004-07-05
ATE361803T1 (de) 2007-06-15
CN1721107A (zh) 2006-01-18
DE602005001091D1 (de) 2007-06-21
EP1616646B1 (en) 2007-05-09
SE528012C2 (sv) 2006-08-08
US7476437B2 (en) 2009-01-13

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