CN1644291A - Aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method - Google Patents
Aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An ultrasonic capillary welding method for the Al-base composite material includes such steps as arranging upper and lower parts to be welded in such manner that the gap between them is 10-300 microns, putting the flux close to lap end, heating to smelt the flux, holding the temp, pressing the ultrasonic head onto surface of the part to be welded, and applying ultrasonic vibration for 0.5-15 S. Its advantages are high welding quality, low welding temp, and high speed.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of welding method of aluminum matrix composite.
Background technology:
Entered since the later stage 1980s, the progress of making a breakthrough property of aluminum matrix composite technology of preparing makes it to step into the road of large-scale production and commercialization development.Yet relatively poor weldability becomes the serious hindrance that this kind material moves towards practicability.Domestic and international many scholars are for obtaining the breakthrough progress on the aluminum matrix composite Welding Problems, so far to melting (as TIG weldering, Laser Welding, electron beam welding etc.), Solid-State Welding (as diffusion welding (DW), transient liquid phase weldering etc.) and other certain methods of aluminum matrix composite (as soldering, bonding, traditional ultrasonic bonding etc.) study.But most at present researchs also are in laboratory stage, and still there is certain problem in a lot of methods at aspects such as Joint Reliability, high efficiency, operation practicality, economy.Respectively the whole bag of tricks is introduced below:
1, fusion welding method: melting is that metal material connects one of the most general welding method, but be applied in the middle of the welding of aluminum matrix composite, but be faced with some problems anxious to be solved as described below: (1) physical compatibility problem: solid-state SiC of the part in the liquid molten bath or Al
2O
3Seriously had influence on heat transfer and the mass transport process in the molten bath, make the molten bath show as the viscosity height, flow poor, to the sensitiveness height of pore, incomplete fusion and defective such as lack of penetration; The aluminum matrix composite of fusing fills material and is difficult to mix with attaching outward, and dilution rate is low, and shaping is difficult; Simultaneously, the segregation of wild phase has destroyed its original characteristic distributions and joint performance is worsened during liquid metal solidification; In addition, when wild phase and matrix linear expansion coefficient differ bigger, bigger internal stress can remain in the joint in the heating and cooling process of welding.(2) chemical compatibility issues: the interfacial reaction that some wild phase (as SiC) and matrix Al thermodynamic instability in bigger temperature range, melting welding high temperature are harmful down is inevitable.
2, electric resistance welding method: the electric resistance welding controllability is good, and energy height is concentrated, and weld interval is extremely short, and (cooling velocity can reach 10 in cooling fast
6Thereby ℃/s) cause the joint chilling to avoid overheated enhancing body that causes of mother metal and matrix reaction to generate Al
4C
3The fragility phase can effectively prevent interfacial reaction, and also can prevent crackle and pore by exerting pressure.But the existence of wild phase makes the distribution of electric current line and the complex distributionization of electrode pressure in the aluminum matrix composite, has brought difficulty for the selection of welding parameter and the control of welding quality.And the enhancing body of composite and matrix resistance differs greatly, composite produced superfuse, splash, fiber bonds, broken and generation is empty, strength of joint is subjected to very big influence.In addition, many studies show that for electric resistance welding exists wild phase serious poly-partially when welding the aluminum matrix composite of discontinuous fiber enhancing in the nugget, worsened joint performance.
3, method for welding: be used for being connected of metal-base composites with just being studied the beginning of the seventies sixties as far back as twentieth century.Less to the research of this method in recent years, its subject matter is that strength of joint is limited by solder, and intensity is lower.For the aluminum matrix composite welding, adopt method for welding to have following several problem: the oxide-film on (1) aluminum matrix composite surface has a strong impact on welding quality.Because Al
2O
3Fusing point is very high, in welding process, be difficult to the fusing, have a strong impact on solder on mother metal wetting with sprawl, become one of major obstacle of aluminum matrix composite soldering.If adopt brazing flux to remove oxide-film, follow-up matting must be arranged, with the etching problem of avoiding residual brazing flux to cause, welding procedure is loaded down with trivial details.(2) welding procedure is controlled improper meeting and is caused the excessive fusing of matrix, and the weld metal zone is prone to and strengthens the poly-district of skew and do not have the enhancing phase region, and joint performance is inhomogeneous, and inconsistent with original particular tissues of mother metal and property.This butt joint occasion that can require that has specific characteristics is not suitable for, and keeps good antidamping characteristic and dimensional stability etc. as the need joint.(3) alloy matrix aluminum and wild phase fusing point differ greatly, at brazing temperature lower substrate partial melting, do not melt and strengthen body, cause solder viscous, mobile variation, solder on mother metal wetting with sprawl because the existence of solid-state wild phase is subjected to serious obstruction, add some alloying element, improve brazing temperature and can improve to a certain extent, and the too high burning corrode that easily causes mother metal of temperature is brought very big difficulty to brazing process.
4, friction welding method: in the friction welding (FW) process, joint area produces bigger plastic deformation, can cause the serious fracture of fiber, and it is inappropriate therefore welding continuous enhancement mode aluminum matrix composite in this way.Welding point has the local softening phenomenon, and the shape of connected piece is had higher requirement, is generally the bar-shaped part of simple shape, makes this kind welding method range of application be subjected to certain restriction.
5, diffusion welding method: diffusion welding method is a kind of method of more promising welding of aluminum based composites, and the research report of this respect is also more.But same difficulty when with the diffusion welding (DW) aluminum matrix composite time, having run into diffusion welding (DW) aluminium.There is following subject matter in aluminum matrix composite diffusion welding (DW): there is the oxide-film of one deck densification on (1) aluminum matrix composite surface, and it seriously hinders two diffusion combinations that connect between the surface.With generating immediately again after machinery or the soak cleaning, even under high vacuum condition, this layer oxide-film also is difficult to decompose, and influences the atom diffusion.Just need bring up to the connection temperature near the fusing point of aluminium or on linkage interface, impose severe pressure for destroying oxide-film on the combination interface.This inevitably can make connector produce excessive plastic deformation.(2) under the situation that does not adopt the intermediate layer, there is the direct contact phenomena of wild phase/wild phase on the aluminum matrix composite contact-making surface, be difficult to realize that the diffusion between the wild phase connects under the diffusion welding (DW) condition.The transmission capacity of load has not only been reduced at this position, but also for the germinating and the expansion of crackle provides opportunity, becomes the not high main hidden danger of strength of joint.In addition, length, apparatus expensive, cost are very high welding interval for this method, and the weldment size shape such as also is restricted at shortcoming, and its extensive use is restricted.
6, transient liquid phase soldering method: instant liquid-phase diffusion welding is very effective to the oxide-film that destroys the aluminium surface, and has improved the contact condition of wild phase/wild phase in the aluminum matrix composite.This method and soldering and the existing similar difference that has again of diffusion welding (DW) are not only pressurizeed but also intermediate layer (perhaps being called scolder) is arranged, and are a kind of newer welding methods.Compare the advantage that it also possesses has with the weldering of soldering and solid-state diffusion: condition of contact lower contact place liquid metals atomic motion is comparatively free, is easy to form stable atomic arrangement on the mother metal surface and solidify; It is low to connect temperature, and the time is short; Tissue and the approaching joint of mother metal are easy to get; The easy realization of technical process etc.Also there is certain deficiency in the transient liquid phase weldering when having more advantage: the poly-partially subject matter that becomes this kind material TLP weldering of (1) wild phase.Domestic and international many scholars solve this problem by selecting thin middle paper tinsel layer, but this method requires height to surface roughness to be welded, and need to carry out under vacuum environment, and from practical application meaning rice, efficient is lower, and Project Realization is got up difficult.(2) the transient liquid phase welding temperature has generally also all surpassed 550 ℃, and under this temperature, mother metal has in various degree softening, and this is a challenge to matrices of composite material.
In sum, the weldability of aluminum matrix composite is more special, and various methods of attachment all are suitable for the connection of this kind material to a certain extent, but connects difficulty big more than aluminium alloy.Main cause is because wild phase and the greatest differences of matrix physics, chemical property make and be connected technology and be difficult to control, and combining of good interface also is difficult to obtain between wild phase and the matrix.By contrast, Solid-phase welding has more potentiality than melting.Particularly transient liquid phase (TLP) interconnection technique has obtained gratifying result when connecting aluminum matrix composite.But a large amount of welding job of aluminum current based composites is still carried out in the laboratory, and the TLP welding procedure that has more application value is still needed and made further effort.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method, this method has the aluminum matrix composite of avoiding and welds under vacuum condition, overcome the bad and joint interface high temperature adverse reaction of appearance of weld, improve joint microstructure, realize that aluminum matrix composite is efficient, the characteristics of high-quality welding.Method of the present invention realizes as follows: one, treat the weldment surface with the sand papering of 400#, carrying out ultrasonic wave then in acetone cleans, after weldment dries, adopt the lap joint mode that the aluminum matrix composite weldment is installed on the jig, the weldment clearance control is between 10～300 μ m up and down; Two, place scolder in the lap joint side; Three, heating weldment and scolder make it reach welding temperature and make solder fusing, stop heating after the arrival temperature retention time; Four, ultrasonic wave is imported bar and put on the weldment surface with the pressure of 0.1～0.3MPa; Five, apply ultrasonic vibration to weldment, the ultrasonic frequency vibratory scope is 15～60K hertz, and ultrasonic amplitude is 3～30 μ m, and the introducing ultrasonic time is 0.5～15s; Six, after ultrasonic vibration finishes, remove ultrasonic wave and import bar, allow weldment cool off naturally and get final product.Aluminum matrix composite of the present invention is Al
2O
3Described scolder is a Zn base solder, and this solder is made by weight percentage by following ingredients: Cu:3.22%, Mg:0.82%, Mn:0.91%, Fe:0.01%, Si:0.81%, Zn:89.3%, Ni:0.05%, Al:4.2%, surplus are impurity; Described scolder is shaft-like, sheet or spherical; Described welding temperature is 380～420 ℃; Described temperature retention time was 3～6 seconds; Described mode of heating is to adopt the electric furnace heating or adopt radio-frequency induction coil or flame heat; Described hyperacoustic importing is to import from top weldment or below weldment.Advantage that the present invention is main and the performance indications that reach are: 1, the present invention can realize the welding of aluminum matrix composite under atmospheric environment or under the inert gas shielding environment; face of weld need not special cleaning; welding interval is short; the efficient height; cost is low; technology is workable, and engineering significance is comparatively desirable.2, welding temperature is low, is generally below 500 ℃, has avoided the softening of composite, and the adverse consequences that the mother metal fusing brings when having overcome melting is not good as being shaped, wild phase segregation, wild phase/matrix adverse reaction etc.Weld interval is short, is generally less than 1 minute, avoids the mother metal corrosion.3, scolder is positioned over outside the weld seam, need not be made into special shape, can be shaft-like, sheet, spherical, its fusing back be bored seam rapidly, is filled shape by ultrasonic vibration, and having avoided needs in the conventional ultrasound wave soldering whole weldment is immersed the mother metal damage that causes in the liquid solder pond.4, when liquid solder bores seam, produce the ultrasonic cavitation effect in the liquid solder, by impacting, rubbing, realize ultrasonic wave physical removal oxide-film, effect is thorough, and need not the postwelding matting, has solved the problem that is difficult to remove such as oxide-film in soldering, the diffusion welding (DW).5, liquid solder is sprawled under the ultrasonic vibration condition, and the welding of this kind ultrasonic wave fine can realize not waiting the lap joint welding in gap, has overcome the shortcoming that conventional soldering can only realize the uniform gap welding, has enlarged the welding scope, has very strong practicality.6, ultrasonication promotes weldment surface dissolution layer to mix with weld metal, a part of wild phase (discrete) has been carried out the transition in the seam organization, and disperse under the effect of ultrasonic wave acoustic streaming, be uniformly distributed in whole welding line, avoided wild phase particle agglomeration phenomenon, form good composite joint, the combination property of joint greatly improves, and does not have welding method can realize this purpose at present.The aluminum matrix composite joint tensile strength: 〉=80%, joint percentage elongation: 〉=1%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is weldment of the present invention and scolder heating period schematic diagram, and Fig. 2 is that ultrasonic wave of the present invention imports the starting stage schematic diagram, and Fig. 3 is a liquid solder joint filling stage schematic diagram of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a ultrasonic wave stop phase schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment:
The specific embodiment one: (referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 4) method of present embodiment realizes as follows: one, treat the weldment surface with the sand papering of 400#, carrying out ultrasonic wave then in acetone cleans, after weldment dries, adopt the lap joint mode that the aluminum matrix composite weldment is installed on the jig, the weldment clearance control is between 10～300 μ m up and down; Two, place scolder in the lap joint side; Three, heating weldment and scolder make it reach welding temperature and make solder fusing, stop heating after the arrival temperature retention time; Four, ultrasonic wave is imported bar and put on the weldment surface with the pressure of 0.1～0.3MPa; Five, apply ultrasonic vibration to weldment, the ultrasonic frequency vibratory scope is 15～60K hertz, and ultrasonic amplitude is 3～30 μ m, and the introducing ultrasonic time is 0.5～15s; Six, after ultrasonic vibration finishes, remove ultrasonic wave and import bar, allow weldment cool off naturally and get final product.The described aluminum matrix composite of present embodiment is Al
2O
3Described scolder is a Zn base solder, and this solder is made by weight percentage by following ingredients: Cu:3.22%, Mg:0.82%, Mn:0.91%, Fe:0.01%, Si:0.81%, Zn:89.3%, Ni:0.05%, Al:4.2%, surplus are impurity; Described Zn base solder also has PTZn95Al, PTZn90Al or PTZn70Al; Described scolder also has Al base solder, is respectively BAI67CuSi, BAI86SiCu, BAI86SiMg, BAI88SiMg, BAI89SiMg, Al60GeSi, HLAlSi12, HLAlSiMg10-1.5, HLAlSiCu10, HL403, HL401, HLAlSiMg12-1.5 or B62; Described scolder is shaft-like, sheet or spherical; Described welding temperature is 380～420 ℃; Described temperature retention time was 3～6 seconds; Described mode of heating is to adopt the electric furnace heating or adopt radio-frequency induction coil or flame heat; Described hyperacoustic importing is to import from top weldment or below weldment.
To carrying out shearing test in order to the resulting welding point of last method, shearing strength of joint is 208.6MPa, is about 86.9% (the mother metal shear strength is 240MPa) of mother metal.
Claims (8)
1, aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method, it is realized as follows: one, treat the weldment surface with the sand papering of 400#, carrying out ultrasonic wave then in acetone cleans, after weldment dries, adopt the lap joint mode that the aluminum matrix composite weldment is installed on the jig, it is characterized in that the weldment clearance control is between 10～300 μ m up and down; Two, place scolder in the lap joint side; Three, heating weldment and scolder make it reach welding temperature and make solder fusing, stop heating after the arrival temperature retention time; Four, ultrasonic wave is imported bar and put on the weldment surface with the pressure of 0.1～0.3MPa; Five, apply ultrasonic vibration to weldment, the ultrasonic frequency vibratory scope is 15～60K hertz, and ultrasonic amplitude is 3～30 μ m, and the introducing ultrasonic time is 0.5～15s; Six, after ultrasonic vibration finishes, remove ultrasonic wave and import bar, allow weldment cool off naturally and get final product.
2, aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described aluminum matrix composite is Al
2O
3
3, aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described scolder is a Zn base solder, this solder is made by weight percentage by following ingredients: Cu:3.22%, Mg:0.82%, Mn:0.91%, Fe:0.01%, Si:0.81%, Zn:89.3%, Ni:0.05%, Al:4.2%, surplus are impurity.
4,, it is characterized in that described scolder is shaft-like, sheet or spherical according to claim 1 or 3 described aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding methods.
5, aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described welding temperature is 380～420 ℃.
6, aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described temperature retention time was 3～6 seconds.
7, aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described mode of heating is to adopt the electric furnace heating or adopt radio-frequency induction coil or flame heat.
8, aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described hyperacoustic importing is for importing from top weldment or below weldment.
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| CN110883395B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-05-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Brazing method for aluminum alloy with surface activation by means of liquid gallium pre-coating |
| CN111151836A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-15 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Connection method and application of high-temperature superconducting tape |
| CN111151836B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2021-12-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Connection method and application of high-temperature superconducting tape |
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