CN1631665A - 层状组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

层状组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1631665A
CN1631665A CN200510005710.4A CN200510005710A CN1631665A CN 1631665 A CN1631665 A CN 1631665A CN 200510005710 A CN200510005710 A CN 200510005710A CN 1631665 A CN1631665 A CN 1631665A
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conductive
layer
laminar composition
ground floor
particle
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CN1304196C (zh
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戴维·R·克罗泽尔
乔纳森·W·古德温
阿瑟·G·米肖
戴维·A·德多纳托
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Thomas Bates International Inc
ABB Installation Products International LLC
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Abstract

本发明披露了若干不同类型的导电弹性体,及其制备方法。在一个特定的实施方案中,披露了一层状组合物(10),该组合物包括有:衬底(12),第一层(14),和第二层(16)。衬底(12)由非导电弹性材料制成并且有一外表面。将由非导电弹性材料制成的第一层(14)接合至衬底(12)的外表面上。将由非导电弹性材料(18)制成的第二层(16)接合至第一层(14)的外表面上;所述非导电弹性材料(18)中分散有一些导电片状粉末(20)。第二层(16)还可由分散在非导电弹性材料中的一些圆形或尖锐的导电颗粒制成,以使得一些导电颗粒存在于第二层的外表面上。另外,一些圆形或尖锐的导电颗粒还要埋在第二层(16)的外表面中。

Description

层状组合物及其制备方法
本申请是1996年12月3日递交的中国专利申请96199424.X的分案申请。
                       技术领域
本发明涉及层状组合物及其制备方法,具体地说,本发明涉及带有导电表面的弹性层状组合物及其制备方法。
                       背景技术
集成电路的发展必须减小集成电路的卷装大小,而与此同时要增加集成电路和设置集成电路的电路板之间电连接导线的数量。随着每个集成电路上导线数量的增加,导线的尺寸变得越来越小并且间距更小,由此增加了将集成电路安装至电路板上的难度。
克服上述的困难的一种方法是,用电触点替代导线;所述导线位于集成电路组件的四周,电触点位于集成电路组件的底面上,借此形成无引线的集成电路组件。这些电触点的形状通常为小突起或小“球”,它们以网格阵列图形配置。具有这些底面电触点的集成电路组件被放置在无引线的集成电路插座或安装装置中,所述的插座或装置固定该集成电路组件。安装装置具有以网格阵列图形配置的配套电触点,所述的电触点与集成电路组件上的电触点对准,以便在集成电路组件和安装装置驻留在其上的电路板之间提供电连续性。
利用无引线集成电路组件将出现的一个问题是:无引线集成电路组件的电触点和安装装置的配套电触点将渐渐被氧化,这将产生增加的接触电阻,并因此降低集成电路组件的电触点和安装装置的配套电触点之间的导电性。将无引线集成电路组件放入安装装置中所使用的***力通常会除去一些氧化物,由此提供改善的电触点。然而,无引线集成电路组件通常不是以有助于除去电触点上氧化物的方式***至安装装置中的,并且由于无引线集成电路组件不是直接焊接至安装装置上,因此,在电触点上氧化物的积累将使电触点的性能变坏。
利用无引线集成电路组件将出现的另一个问题是:安装装置上的电触点通常是电连接至直接焊接至电路板上的导线上。因此,如果需要更换或拆除时,必须使安装装置脱焊。正如工业上所公知的,重复焊接和脱焊通常将降低电路板、通常是需要更换的位置的质量。因此,无焊接电连接方案将是人们所希望的。
在电气或电子装置和电路的制备过程中,通常通过如印刷电路板中的化学浸蚀工艺和光刻工艺,以及电镀工艺提供导电通路和接触区,借此,在例如电路板、电气装置等的电触点或接触区上提供一个或多个金属层。所述的制备工艺是熟知的并且已被广泛采用。然而,这些工艺确实需要许多工艺步骤和特殊的制造设备,这将增加制备方法和最终产品的成本和复杂性。因此,找到简单的制备工艺是人们所希望的。
                        发明内容
本发明涉及若干种导电弹性体及其制备方法。在一个实施方案中,以层状组合物的形式实现了本发明,所述组合物包括:具有一外表面的衬底,其中该衬底由非导电弹性材料组成;接合至衬底外表面上的第一层,其中第一层由非导电弹性材料组成;和接合至第一层外表面上的第二层,其中第二层由非导电弹性材料组成,在该弹性材料中分散有一些导电的片状粉末。第二层也可由分散在非导电弹性材料中的一些圆形或锯齿状的导电颗粒组成,以致使一些导电颗粒沿第二层的外表面分布。另外,还可将一些圆形或锯齿状的导电颗粒埋在第二层的外表面中。
在另一个实施方案中,以弹性导电连接件(interconnect element)的形式实现了本发明,所述元件具有细长的形状,并且由非导电弹性材料制成,在所述的弹性材料中分散有一些导电片状粉末和一些导电粉粒。该弹性导电连接件也可由分散在非导电弹性材料中的一些圆形或锯齿状的导电颗粒制成,以使得一些导电颗粒沿所述导电弹性连接件的外表面分布。
在再一个实施方案中,以连接互连装置(electrical interconnect)的形式实现了本发明,所述装置包括:非导电衬底和位于许多小孔中的相应的许多弹性导电连接件;所述衬底具有相应的对立面和在相应对立面之间延伸的、在其中形成的许多小孔;其中每个弹性导电连接件由非导电弹性材料组成,在所述的弹性材料中分散有一些导电片状粉末和一些导电粉粒。
本发明包括上述实施方案的制备方法,由于采用了某些新颖的制备方法,这些方法本身就有独到之处。
参考前面所述的内容,已十分清楚,本发明是如何克服上述现有技术装置的缺点的。
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供导电弹性体及其制备方法。
根据下面的说明以及附图,本发明的上述目的,以及其它的目的、特征和优点将是显而易见的。
                       附图说明
为了更为充分地理解本发明,现在参考附图进行说明。这些附图并不构成对本发明的限制,它们只是举例性的。
图1是根据本发明的具有弹性导电层的层状组合物的横截面图。
图2是根据本发明的具有弹性导电层的电话或计算器按钮的横截面图。
图3是根据本发明的具有弹性导电层和锯齿状(indenting)颗粒的层状组合物的横截面图。
图4是根据本发明的具有弹性导电层和穿孔(piercing)颗粒的层状组合物的横截面图。
图5是根据本发明的具有弹性导电层的层状组合物的横截面图,所述导电层中含有锯齿状颗粒。
图6是根据本发明的具有弹性导电层的层状组合物的横截面图,所述导电层中含有尖锐颗粒。
图7是根据本发明的具有弹性导电层的按钮开关的横截面图。
图8是根据本发明的具有弹性导电连接件的连接装置的横截面图。
图9是在图8中示出了弹性导电连接件之一的横截面图。
图10是形成本发明的弹性导电连接件的注塑装置的横截面图。
图11是根据本发明的具有导电锯齿状颗粒的弹性导电连接件的横截面图。
图12是根据本发明的具有导电尖锐颗粒的弹性导电连接件的横截面图。
                       具体实施方式
参考图1,示出了层状组合物10的横截面图,所述组合物包括有弹性衬底12,弹性底层14和弹性导电层16。弹性衬底12可以由许多弹性材料如硅橡胶或氟硅橡胶之一制得。弹性底层14也可以由许多弹性材料如硅橡胶或氟硅橡胶之一制得。弹性导电层16包含弹性材料18和一些导电片状粉末20的混合物。此外,弹性材料18可以由许多弹性材料如硅橡胶或氟硅橡胶之一制得。导电片状粉末20可以由许多不同类型的导电材料或半导体材料如银,镍,或碳制成。另外,导电片状粉末20还可以由许多不同类型的导电材料,半导体材料,或涂布有或在其中分散有其它导体或半导体材料如银,镍或碳的绝缘材料制成。导电片状粉末的大小可根据需要的导电量而变化。
通过热接合法制备层状组合物10,该方法一开始通常是提供完全固化状态的弹性衬底12。然后,通过喷涂或其它已知的方式,将弹性底层14沉积在弹性衬底12上。然后,也通过喷涂或其它已知的方式,将弹性导电层16沉积在弹性底层14上。然后使整个层状结构经受热循环,由此使弹性底层14完全固化并接合至弹性衬底12上,并使弹性导电层16完全固化并接合至弹性底层14上。在该热接合过程中,弹性底层14中的聚合物链被接枝至弹性衬底12中的聚合物链上,由此形成了很强的结合。同样地,弹性导电层16中的聚合物链被接枝至弹性底层14的聚合物链中,由此形成了很强的结合。这种热接合法无需对弹性衬底12的表面进行蚀刻或其它的预处理。
一般来说,对弹性衬底12的厚度没有限制。弹性底层14和弹性导电层16复合体的厚度通常在0.5-10密耳。通常,弹性导电层16的厚度是弹性底层14厚度的两倍。所有弹性材料的硬度计测定值通常在40和80(肖氏A级硬度)之间。通过弹性导电层16的表面与印刷电路板上的Sn/Pb轨迹的压缩配合所进行的各种测量期间,业已证明具有所有上述特性的弹性导电层16的电阻在20-30莫姆的范围内。
悬浮于弹性导电层16的弹性材料中的导电片状粉末20,甚至当该弹性导电层16通过膨胀或压缩而变形时,也能提供低的电阻率,这是由于当发生所述的变形时,在相邻导电片状粉末20之间,导电片状粉末20的表面积对于要制备的电触点来说足够大。例如,弹性导电层16纵向膨胀期间,弹性导电层16的长度增加,而该弹性导电层16的厚度则减小。厚度的减小使得相邻导电片状粉末20靠得更近,由此增加了大表面积的相邻导电片状粉末20相互间的物理的以及电的接触的可能性。长度的增加使导电片状粉末20产生了横向运动,由此,使大表面积的相邻导电片状粉末20相互间产生磨擦,结果是,在相邻导电片状粉末20之间保持物理以及电的接触。
其中,上述层状组合物10将是有用的一个特殊的用途是电话或计算器的按钮,其中需将键压至键座上而进行电连接。如果所述的键座由弹性导电材料如硅橡胶或氟硅橡胶构成,那么可将弹性导电层接合至上述的弹性材料上。因此,当键座的键压至配套的导电装置、如印刷电路板上的导电轨迹上时,在弹性导电层和导电轨迹之间形成了电连接。
参考图2,示出了电话或计算器键座100的横截面图,所述键座包含在其中形成键104的弹性套102。在套102的下面,键104的底下,将弹性底层106接合至弹性套102上,并将导电层108接合至弹性底层106上。
将印刷电路板110置于整个套102的底下,并将导电轨迹112形成于键104底下的印刷电路板110上。因此,当例如通过人的手指114将一力F施加至弹性套102的键104之一上时,弹性导电层108将与相应的导电轨迹112进行电接触。
参考图3,示出了类似于图1所述层状组合物10的层状组合物30的横截面图,所不同的是,将导电锯齿状颗粒32嵌入在弹性导电层16的表面内。在加热循环之前,将导电锯齿状颗粒32涂布于弹性导电层16的表面上,以致使当该颗粒完全固化时被固定至弹性导电层16上。该导电锯齿状颗粒32的锯齿性质提供了一种手段,借此,与该弹性导电层16相配合的、可能形成于导电表面上的绝缘氧化物可以被除去,结果是,在导电表面和弹性导电层16之间可形成改善的电连接。应指出的是,导电锯齿状颗粒32可推开其它的杂质,如可能在配合导电表面上出现的纤维和颗粒等。
所述导电锯齿状颗粒32可以由许多不同类型的导电材料或半导体材料,例如银,镍或碳制成。另外,导电锯齿状颗粒32还可以由许多不同类型的导电材料,半导体材料,或涂布有或在其中分散有其它导体或半导体材料如银,镍或碳的绝缘材料制成。该导电锯齿状颗粒32的平均粒径通常为50微米。
参考图4,示出了类似于图1所述层状组合物10的层状组合物40的横截面图,所不同的是,将导电尖锐颗粒42嵌入在弹性导电层16的表面内。在加热循环之前,将导电尖锐颗粒42涂布于弹性导电层16的表面上,以致使当该颗粒完全固化时被固定至弹性导电层16上。该导电尖锐颗粒42的锯齿性质提供了一种手段,借此,与该弹性导电层16相配合的、可能形成于导电表面上的绝缘氧化物可被刺穿,结果是,在导电表面和弹性导电层16之间可形成改善的电连接。应指出的是,导电尖锐颗粒42可刺穿其它的杂质,如可能在配合导电表面上出现的纤维和颗粒等。
与导电锯齿状颗粒32相似,所述导电尖锐颗粒42可以由许多不同类型的导电材料或半导体材料,例如银,镍或碳制成。另外,导电尖锐颗粒42还可以由许多不同类型的导电材料,半导体材料,或涂布有或在其中分散有其它导体或半导体材料如银,镍或碳的绝缘材料制成。该导电尖锐颗粒42的平均粒径通常为40微米。
参考图5,示出了类似于图1所述层状组合物10的层状组合物50的横截面图。所不同的是,弹性导电层52包括弹性材料18,一些导电片状粉末20,和一些导电锯齿状颗粒32的混合物。在该层状组合物50的制备过程中,将导电锯齿状颗粒32与弹性材料18和导电片状粉末20一起沉积于弹性底层14上。业已表明,导电锯齿状颗粒32在弹性导电层52中的分布是,在弹性导电层52的表面附近,这大概是在涂布弹性导电层52期间,由于导电锯齿状颗粒32比导电片状粉末20更易弹离弹性底层14的缘故。当然,导电锯齿状颗粒32的该位置优选以其官能度为准(例如推开位于配合导电表面上的氧化物)。为保证其适当的官能度,在弹性导电层52中导电锯齿状颗粒32的含量通常只需5%标称重量。
参考图6,示出了类似于图1所述层状组合物10的层状组合物60的横截面图。所不同的是,弹性导电层62包括弹性材料18,一些导电片状粉末20,和一些导电尖锐颗粒42的混合物。在该层状组合物60的制备过程中,将导电尖锐颗粒42与弹性材料18和导电片状粉末20一起沉积于弹性底层14上。业已表明,导电尖锐颗粒42在弹性导电层62中的分布是,在弹性导电层62的表面附近,这大概是在涂布弹性导电层62期间,由于导电尖锐颗粒42比导电片状粉末20更易弹离弹性底层14的缘故。当然,导电尖锐颗粒42的该位置优选以其官能度为准(例如刺穿位于配合导电表面上的氧化物)。为保证其适当的官能度,在弹性导电层62中导电尖锐颗粒42的含量通常只需5%标称重量。
在此,应指出的是,所述上述层状组合物10,30,40,50,和60中的弹性衬底均可用仅仅是柔性的材料,如热塑性聚酰亚胺(商标为captonTM)或聚酰胺(商标为nylonTM)。用上述方式将弹性底层14接合至所述的柔性衬底上,然后再将弹性导电层16接合至弹性底层14上。
其中,除具有柔性衬底以外,类似于上述层状组合物10,30,40,50,和60的层状组合物的一个特殊的用途是按钮开关,其中通过按压开关的按钮而进行电连接。如果所述开关的按钮由柔性材料如聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺热塑性塑料构成的话,可根据上述的方法,将弹性导电层接合至弹性材料的表面上。因此,当所述开关的接钮压到配合的导电装置如金属触点上时,在弹性导电层和金属触点之间形成了电连接。
参考图7,示出了一按钮开关200的横截面图,该开关包括容纳反冲弹簧204的外壳202和接钮传动机构206。外壳202提供接通过其内部的金属触点208。
接钮传动机构206由热塑性材料,如聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺制成。将弹性底层210接合至接钮传动机构206的底接触表面上,并将弹性导电层212接合至该弹性底层210上。当将一力F施加至接钮传动机构206上时,弹性导电层212将与金属触点208进行电接触,由此关闭开关200。
在此,应指出的是,上述层状组合物10,30,40,50,和60的任一种均可用于图2的电话或计算器键座100或图7的按钮开关200,或用于其中可使用弹性导电层的许多其它的装置中。
另外,还应指出的是,在上述层状组合物10,30,40,50,和60中使用的弹性导电层16,52,108,和212可用于提供电磁场的防护层,或提供接地等用途的导电板。更准确地说,在上述弹性导电层16,52,62,108和212中的导电片状粉末20的密度和组合以能提供极为有效的防护层或接地层为准。简单地通过将弹性导电层16,52,62,108和212压到导电轨迹上,上述弹性导电层16,52,62,108和212还可用来与印刷电路板上的导电轨迹形成电连接。
参考图8,示出了连接装置70的横截面图,该装置包括绝缘衬底,所述衬底带有一系列在其中形成的开口。弹性导电连接件74位于每个开口内。所述的连接装置例如可用来提供无引线集成电路组件上的电触点和印刷电路板上的电触点之间的电连接。所述的电触点可以是网格焊球阵列或网格焊台阵列的变种。
参考图9,示出了弹性导电连接件74之一的横截面图。该弹性导电连接件74包含弹性材料18,一些导电片状粉末20,和一些导电粉粒76的混合物。导电粉粒76可由许多种导电材料或半导体材料如银,镍,或碳制成。导电粉粒76的大小可根据所需的导电量而变化。
导电粉粒76提供导电片状粉末20之间的导电连接,由此,增加了弹性导电连接件76的导电性。须添加至弹性材料18和导电片状粉末20的混合物中以提供所述增加导电性的导电粉粒76的用量可根据所需的导电量而变化。
参考图10,示出了在绝缘衬底72的开口78中形成弹性导电连接件74所用的注塑装置80的横截面图。该装置包括:带有在其中形成的注道84的上模部分82,和下模部分86。将弹性材料18,导电片状粉末20,和导电粉粒76的混合物向下流过注道84,并填充上模部分82和下模部分86与绝缘衬底72的开口78之间所形成的空隙。开始先对该混合物进行加热,但随后进行冷却,以便使之固化。冷却将使混合物膨胀,结果是,弹性导电连接件74被固定在开口78中。应指出的是,在连接件区域内上模部分82和下模部分86的形状可根据连接件的特定的用途而发生变化(例如,连接网格焊台阵列的触点或连接网格焊球阵列的触点)。
参考图11,示出了类似于示于图9中弹性导电连接件74的弹性导电连接件90的横截面图,所不同的是,将一些导电锯齿状颗粒32添加至弹性材料18,导电片状粉末20,和导电粉粒76的混合物中。与图5中所述的弹性导电层52一样,为保证其适当的官能度,弹性导电连接件90中导电锯齿状颗粒32的用量通常只需5%标称重量。应指出的是,在形成连接件之后但完全固化之前,可以将导电锯齿状颗粒32只添加至弹性导电连接件的表面上。
参考图12,示出了类似于示于图9中弹性导电连接件74的弹性导电连接件110的横截面图,所不同的是,将一些导电尖锐颗粒42添加至弹性材料18,导电片状粉末20,和导电粉粒76的混合物中。与图6中所述的弹性导电层62一样,为保证其适当的官能度,弹性导电连接件110中导电尖锐颗粒42的用量通常只需5%标称重量。应指出的是,在形成连接件之后但完全固化之前,可以将导电尖锐颗粒42只添加至弹性导电连接件的表面上。
本发明并不局限于在此所述的具体实施方案。实际上,除在此所述的实施方案以外,根据说明书及附图,对本发明作出各种改进对于本领域熟练技术人员来说是显而易见的。因此,所述的改进也将落入本发明的范围之内。

Claims (25)

1.一种层状组合物,包括:
一衬底,所述衬底具有一外表面,所述衬底由非导电弹性材料制成;
接合至所述衬底的所述外表面的至少一部分上的第一层,所述的第一层具有一外表面,所述第一层由非导电弹性材料制成;和
接合至所述第一层的所述外表面的至少一部分上的第二层,所述的第二层具有一外表面,所述第二层由非导电弹性材料制成;所述非导电弹性材料中分散有一些导电片状粉末。
2.如权利要求1所述的层状组合物,其中通过热处理进行所述第一层和所述第二层的接合。
3.如权利要求1所述的层状组合物,其中通过单一处理进行所述第一层和所述第二层的接合。
4.如权利要求1所述的层状组合物,其中所述的导电片状粉末由固体导电材料制成。
5.如权利要求1所述的层状组合物,其中所述的导电片状粉末由涂布有导电材料的半导体材料制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的层状组合物,其中所述的导电片状粉末由涂布有导电材料的非导电材料制成。
7.如权利要求1的层状组合物,其中,所述的第二层还由分散在所述非导电弹性材料中的一些导电颗粒制成,以使得一些所述的导电颗粒存在于所述第二层的所述外表面上。
8.如权利要求7所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒具有圆形的外表面,以除去可能在配合的导电表面上形成的氧化物或其它的杂质。
9.如权利要求8所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的圆形导电颗粒的平均粒径通常为50微米。
10.如权利要求7所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒具有类锐的外表面,以便刺穿可能在配合的导电表面上形成的氧化物或其它的杂质。
11.如权利要求10所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的尖锐导电颗粒的平均粒径通常为40微米。
12.如权利要求7所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒由固体导电材料制成。
13.如权利要求7所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒由涂布有导电材料的半导体材料制成。
14.如权利要求7所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒由涂布有导电材料的非导电材料制成。
15.如权利要求1所述的层状组合物,还包括有一些嵌入在所述第二层的所述外表面的至少一部分中的导电颗粒。
16.如权利要求15所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒具有圆形的外表面,以除去可能在配合的导电表面上形成的氧化物或其它的杂质。
17.如权利要求16所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的圆形导电颗粒的平均粒径通常为50微米。
18.如权利要求15所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒具有类锐的外表面,以便刺穿可能在配合的导电表面上形成的氧化物或其它的杂质。
19.如权利要求18所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的尖锐导电颗粒的平均粒径通常为40微米。
20.如权利要求15所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒由固体导电材料制成。
21.如权利要求15所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒由涂布有导电材料的半导体材料制成。
22.如权利要求15所述的层状组合物,其中,所述的导电颗粒由涂布有导电材料的非导电材料制成。
23.一种带有导电表面的弹性层状组合物的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
提供一衬底,所述衬底具有一外表面,所述衬底由非导电弹性材料制成;
将第一层施加至所述衬底的所述外表面的至少一部分上,所述的第一层具有一外表面;所述第一层由非导电弹性材料制成;
将第二层施加至所述第一层的所述外表面的至少一部分上,所述第二层具有一外表面,所述第二层由非导电弹性材料制成;所述非导电弹性材料中分散有一些导电片状粉末;
使所述衬底,所述第一层和所述第二层经受热处理,以使第一层接合至所述的衬底上,并且所述的第二层接合至所述的第一层上。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述的第二层还由分散在所述非导电弹性材料中的一些导电颗粒制成,以使得一些所述的导电颗粒存在于所述第二层的所述外表面上。
25.如权利要求23所述的方法,还包括如下步骤:在使所述衬底,所述第一层和所述第二层经受热处理之前,将一些导电颗粒施加至所述第二层的所述外表面的至少一部分上,以使所述的导电颗粒嵌入在所述第二层的所述外表面中。
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