CN1561727A - 一种含有异丙甲草胺和特丁净的除草组合物 - Google Patents
一种含有异丙甲草胺和特丁净的除草组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1561727A CN1561727A CN 200410031167 CN200410031167A CN1561727A CN 1561727 A CN1561727 A CN 1561727A CN 200410031167 CN200410031167 CN 200410031167 CN 200410031167 A CN200410031167 A CN 200410031167A CN 1561727 A CN1561727 A CN 1561727A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有异丙甲草胺和特丁净的除草组合物，它由异丙甲草胺和特丁净作为活性成分，活性成分的重量比为异丙甲草胺∶特丁净＝1－8∶1－8。本发明具有低毒、弱致敏以及对人畜毒害低；杀草谱广，杂草防除增效作用显著的优点，尤其适用于多种农作物特别是大豆田中的各类杂草的防治。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种除草组合物，它含有由异丙甲草胺和特丁净组合而成的活性成分。
【背景技术】
农作物由于杂草危害造成作物产量降低，为此每年均需要施用大量的除草剂进行杂草防除以挽回作物产量损失。近年来，杂草在大豆等多种经济作物上的危害越来越严重，而且由于除草剂滥用，使杂草对农药产生越来越大的抗性，造成杂草防除效果逐年降低。有些单剂如异丙甲草胺(Metolachlor)对绝大部分一年生单子叶杂草都有良好的效果，但对于双子叶杂草的效果在推荐用量下效果不理想，而特丁净(Terbutryn)对绝大多数一年生双子叶杂草有良好效果，但对单子叶杂草的效果不太理想，因此，需要一种具有更好防除效果和更广杀草谱的旱地作物除草剂品种。
【发明内容】
所解决的技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种含有异丙甲草胺和特丁净作为活性成分的除草组合物，它具有更广的杀草谱和优异的增效防治效果。
技术方案
具体地说，本发明组合物含有异丙甲草胺和特丁净作为活性成分，所述的活性成分的重量比为异丙甲草胺∶特丁净＝1-8∶1-8，优选的两者的重量比为异丙甲草胺∶特丁净＝3∶2。活性成分在除草组合物中的重量百分含量为20-60％，优选为50％。
本发明组合物可以转换成常规制剂如乳油、可湿性粉剂、粒剂、可溶性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、乳剂、粉剂、粗粉剂、膏剂和水面漂浮剂。
施用形式取决于特定的使用；在各种情况下，须保证它们的分散尽可能的细微和均匀。
这些制剂可以用已知的方式制备，例如通过将活性化合物与溶剂和/或载体混合，如果需要，采用乳化剂和分散剂来填充，如果用水作稀释剂，也可以用其它的有机溶剂作助溶剂。
适合用于此目的的助溶剂主要是：
-溶剂如芳族化合物(例如二甲苯)、氯代芳族化合物(例如氯苯)、石蜡(例如石油馏份)、醇类(例如甲醇、丁醇)、酮类(例如环己酮)、胺类(例如乙醇胺、二甲基甲酰胺)、油脂类(例如大豆色拉油)和水；
-载体如研碎的天然矿物质(例如高岭土、矾土、滑石、白垩)和研碎的合成矿物质(例如高分散的硅酸、硅酸盐)；
-乳化剂如非离子和阴离子乳化剂(例如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)；
-分散剂如木素亚硫酸盐废液或甲基纤维素。
适合的表面活性物质是芳族磺酸(例如木素磺酸、苯酚磺酸、萘磺酸和二丁基萘磺酸)和脂肪酸的碱金属、碱土金属和铵盐，烷基磺酸盐和烷基芳基磺酸盐，烷基硫酸盐、月桂基醚硫酸和脂肪醇硫酸盐，以及硫酸化的十六-、十七-和十八醇以及脂肪醇醚的盐，磺化萘和其衍生物与甲醛的的缩合产物，萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合产物，聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚、乙氧基烷化的异辛基-、辛基-或壬基酚，烷基苯酚或三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚，烷基芳基聚醚醇，异三癸基醇、脂肪醇环氧乙烷缩合物，乙氧基化蓖麻油，聚氧乙烯-或聚氧丙烯烷基醚，月桂醇聚乙二醇醚乙酸酯、失水山梨醇酯，木素亚硫酸盐废液或甲基纤维素。
含水的施用形式可以通过加水，例如由乳油、分散液、膏剂、可湿性粉剂、泡腾剂或水可分散颗粒剂制备。制备乳剂、膏剂、油分散液或液态水面漂浮剂时，通过加入润湿剂、粘合剂、分散剂或乳化剂，将物质于水中均质化或溶于油或溶剂中。而且，也可以制备由活性物质、润湿剂、粘合剂、分散剂或乳化剂和可能的溶剂或油组成的浓缩物，该浓缩物适合于用水稀释。
粉剂、撒施粉剂、泡腾剂、固态水面漂浮剂组合物可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或一起研磨而生产。
颗粒剂(例如，涂敷、浸渍或均质颗粒剂)可以通过将活性化合物粘合到固体载体上而制备。
固体载体是矿石土如硅胶、硅酸、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、陶土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙和硫酸镁、氧化镁，研碎的合成材料、化肥，如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素和植物产物如面粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉、纤维素粉和其它固体载体。在直接可用制剂中的活性化合物浓度可以在相对宽的范围内变化。
通常，组合物含有按重量计0.01至90％的活性成分，且通常根据制剂类型的不同，优选含有按重量计0.5至60％的活性成分。
本发明所述的除草组合物可以广泛应用于旱地苗前防除杂草，如荠菜、马唐、牛筋草、狗尾草、马齿苋等，但不局限于上述杂草。
有益效果
本发明与已有技术相比有如下优点：
1.杀草谱广。可以广泛应用于旱地防除杂草，对绝大部分一年生本科杂草，如稗、狗尾草、早熟禾、牛筋草、马唐等；和很多一年生双子叶杂草，如苋、藜、繁缕、豚草、酸模和地肤等。
2.作物安全性高。本发明除草组合物毒性低，弱致敏，对作物、人畜的毒害低。可以在不伤害作物的情况下，安全地防除杂草。
3.杂草防除增效作用显著。
【具体实施方式】
本发明用下列实施例进行说明，但不限制本发明。
制剂实施例1：50％异丙甲草胺·特丁净乳油
原料 用量(重量份)
异丙甲草胺 30
特丁净 20
农乳2201 8
二甲苯 22
正己烷 20
称取活性成分溶解于溶剂中，然后再加入乳化剂，搅拌均匀，即制得所述的乳油。
制剂实施例2：50％异丙甲草胺·特丁净乳油
原料 用量(重量份)
异丙甲草胺 25
特丁净 25
农乳2201 5
二甲苯 30
正己烷 15
称取活性成分溶解于溶剂中，然后再加入乳化剂，搅拌均匀，即制得所述的乳油。
制剂实施例3：20％异丙甲草胺·特丁净乳油
原料 用量(重量份)
异丙甲草胺 14
特丁净 6
农乳2201 10
二甲苯 50
正己烷 20
称取活性成分溶解于溶剂中，然后再加入乳化剂，搅拌均匀，即制得所述的乳油。
制剂实施例4：50％异丙甲草胺·特丁净悬乳剂
原料 用量(重量份)
异丙甲草胺 30
特丁净 20
白炭黑 2
尿素 5
农乳1601 8
ABS-Ca 2
水 加至100
称取活性成分，加入水和上述加工辅助成分，经过球磨、砂磨处理，即制得所述的悬乳剂。
生物实施例1：防除杂草药效试验
1、供试药剂
(1)72％异丙甲草胺乳油(山东滨州农药厂有限公司)；
(2)20％特丁净乳油(山东滨州农药厂有限公司)。
2、试验方法
采用盆栽法，用180×140mm塑料营养钵，内装从农田采回经风干的表层土壤，土壤湿度均控制在20％，播种籽粒饱满均一的杂草种子，盖土后，用Potter喷雾装置土壤表层喷雾，喷液量450公斤/公顷，15日后，调查各种杂草的株防效。供试杂草为稗草、牛筋草、马唐、反枝苋、马齿苋。以上试验均重复4次，每次处理重复3盆。
异丙甲草胺和特丁净的原药复配，剂型为乳油，以下以50％作为该剂型的总含量。
将两药剂的含量(异丙甲草胺+特丁净)分别设为：15％+35％、20％+30％、25％+25％、30％+20％、35％+15％5个组合，每亩用量100ml，分别进行室内生物测定，其结果见表1。
表1 异丙甲草胺与特丁净不同配比对杂草的防效
| 组合 | 含量(％) | 株防效(％) | |||||
| 稗草 | 牛筋草 | 马唐 | 反枝苋 | 马齿苋 | 平均 | ||
| 异丙甲草胺+特丁净 | 15+35 | 83.5 | 82.5 | 86.5 | 98.7 | 97.5 | 89.7c |
| 20+30 | 87.6 | 86.4 | 91.5 | 95.6 | 94.3 | 91.1bc | |
| 25+25 | 91.3 | 92.5 | 94.7 | 92.5 | 91.5 | 92.5b | |
| 30+20 | 95.4 | 94.3 | 98.6 | 91.3 | 90.8 | 94.1a | |
| 35+15 | 98.7 | 96.5 | 100.0 | 89.7 | 88.3 | 94.6a | |
从表1中可以看出，5个配比对杂草的防效均较高，其中异丙甲草胺+特丁净＝30％+20％、35％+15的效果最好。
生物实施例2：增效作用测定试验
1、试材：稗草
2、供试药剂：同生物实施例1。
3、方法：采用等效线法测定。特丁净用量为：50、100、300、600、900、1200、1500克/公顷；异丙甲草胺的用量为：50、100、200、400、800、1200克/公顷。分别测定各药剂单剂、各浓度对稗草的抑制率以及相互混用后对稗草的的抑制率。
将稗草种植在上口面积200cm2的塑料钵内，每盆播种浸泡露白的稗草种子20粒，土壤为壤土，置于温室内培养，温度27～30℃，光照7500～10000勒克斯，每天光照12小时，相对湿度75％±15％，重复3盆，共重复4次。将药剂拌于90克风干土中，充分混匀，然后均匀盖在覆土的表面，土壤湿度均为20％。测定结果见表2。
表2 异丙甲草胺与特丁净混用对稗草的抑制效果
| 异丙甲草胺(g/hm2) | 特丁净(g/hm2) | |||||||
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 900 | 1200 | 1500 | |
| 抑制率(％) | ||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 15.0 | 23.4 | 42.5 | 66.5 | 84.7 | 92.0 | 98.8 |
| 50 | 24.7 | 37.3 | 45.6 | 61.4 | 80.3 | 95.6 | 98.3 | 100 |
| 100 | 43.5 | 55.3 | 65.0 | 73.5 | 90.6 | 97.5 | 100 | - |
| 200 | 62.4 | 78.7 | 88.5 | 93.4 | 98.6 | 100 | - | - |
| 400 | 78.3 | 90.5 | 95.7 | 99.3 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 800 | 90.3 | 95.0 | 99.0 | 100 | - | - | - | |
| 1200 | 96.0 | 98.4 | 100 | - | - | - | - | - |
根据表2求出抑制生长90％(ED90)所需要的混用药量组合(见表3)，再绘制ED90等效线。
表3抑制生长90％所需要的混用药量组合
| 异丙甲草胺(g/hm2) | 0 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 718.2 | 416.4 | 244.0 | 149.8 |
| 特丁净(g/hm2) | 1016.1 | 643.6 | 479.8 | 131.3 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 300 |
根据表3，采用等效线法进行室内联合毒力测定可以看出，异丙甲草胺与特丁净混用的90％等效线在累加效应线下方，因此说明二者混用土壤处理防除稗草有明显增效作用。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基本上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种除草组合物，其特征在于它由异丙甲草胺和特丁净作为活性成分，活性成分的重量比为异丙甲草胺∶特丁净＝1-8∶1-8。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物，其特征在于含有活性成分的重量比为异丙甲草胺∶特丁净＝3∶2。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的除草组合物，其特征在于活性成分在除草组合物中的重量百分含量为20-60％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的除草组合物，特征在于活性成分在除草组合物中的重量百分含量为50％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的除草组合物，其中，所述的除草组合物是乳油、可湿性粉剂、粒剂、可溶性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬乳剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的除草组合物，其中，所述的除草组合物是乳油。
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