CN1476746A - Notoginseng GAP cultivation method - Google Patents
Notoginseng GAP cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a notoginseng GAP cultivation method. The method is formed from notoginseng cultivating seedling method, noto-ginseng high-quality seed breeding method, notoginseng field cultivation method, pesticide application method in the course of notoginseng cultivation, notoginseng disease and pests control method and fertilizer application method. The notoginseng cultivated by using said method features high effective component content, low pesticide residue and low heavy metal content, etc.
Description
Technical field: notoginseng GAP cultivation method, the standardized cultivation method of genus traditional Chinese medicine.
Background technology: with the pseudo-ginseng that traditional cultivation method plants, active constituent content instability, agricultural chemicals and contents of heavy metal elements also easily exceed standard, and reputation and market sale situation that this has influenced pseudo-ginseng have greatly especially influenced the outlet of pseudo-ginseng.
Summary of the invention: the present invention is in order to cultivate the pseudo-ginseng that effective component content height, persticide residue and contents of heavy metal elements are low, meet the GAP standard-required.
Notoginseng GAP cultivation method, form by pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method, pseudo-ginseng stock breeding method, pseudo-ginseng field production method, pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals using method, the main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng, pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method and pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method etc., the pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method by whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, sow, water and field management is formed; Pseudo-ginseng stock breeding method is gathered and is formed by breeding selection and storage, the field management of seed farm, breeding; Pseudo-ginseng field production method is made up of whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, transplant planting, field management; The main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng is formed by carrying out crop rotation, select for use and cultivate healthy and strong anosis seed seedling, biological control and chemical control; Pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method are made up of biological control, chemical control; The pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method by the use of the use of the preparation of pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure, seed manure, base manure, topdress and top dressing is formed.
Since this cultivation method from select and remain kind, grow seedlings, aspect such as field production management has all adopted science, the technical measures of standard, the fertilizer that uses and the agricultural chemicals of prevention and elimination of disease and pests all are the kinds of selecting low toxicity, low-residual, safety for use, meet the requirement of GAP, thereby guaranteed that the pseudo-ginseng that uses this cultivation method to plant is to have that low farming is residual, the high-quality pseudo-ginseng of low-heavy metal content.
Below the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment: notoginseng GAP cultivation method, form by pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method, pseudo-ginseng stock breeding method, pseudo-ginseng field production method, pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals using method, the main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng, pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method and pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method etc.The pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method by whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, sow, water and field management is formed; Pseudo-ginseng breeding cultivation method is gathered and is formed by breeding selection and storage, the field management of seed farm, breeding; Pseudo-ginseng field production method is made up of whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, transplant planting, field management; The main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng is formed by carrying out crop rotation, select for use and cultivate healthy and strong anosis seed, seedling, biological control, chemical control; Pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method are made up of biological control, chemical control; The pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method by the use of the use of the preparation of pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure, seed manure, base manure, topdress and top dressing is formed.
The pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method is:
(1) whole ground and soil treatment: select not plant in 6 years pseudo-ginseng middle slant acidity, the sandy loam plot of certain slope is arranged, the plot gradient must not be greater than 15 degree, farming at the beginning of 11 months, later on once every farming in 15 days, tilth is 30cm, when P in soil H value during, prior to seeding, use the agricultural chemicals that allows to use among 75g-100g quicklime or the DB 53055.8 (pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals usage criteria in " mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng comprehensive standard ") for every square metre and carry out soil treatment at 5.5-7.0.
(2) build canopy: build cool canopy on the plot of handling well, cool canopy must be accomplished the printing opacity uniformity, and light transmittance is between the 8-12%.
(3) make bed: level land, ground, the gentle slope height of bed are 20cm-25cm, and the hillside fields height of bed is 15cm-20cm, and bedside is 120cm-140cm, and bed surface is made pan tile shape, and bed soil is accomplished down Song Shangshi.
(4) sowing: the sowing time is mid or late January in mid or late December to next year, at seeding time, can select processings of soaking seed of the 1-2 kind bactericide of regulation among the DB 53055.8 (" mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng comprehensive standard " in pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals usage criteria) for use, or adopt the special-purpose seed coating medicine of pseudo-ginseng to carry out sowing again behind the dressing; Thickness of sowing is 4 * 5cm or 5 * 5cm, ten thousand of every mu of seeding quantity 18-20, sowed the back with the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed or every mu of 2500kg of fine earth with pseudo-ginseng kind subcovering, be advisable can not see seed; At last, evenly be bedded in bed soil surface with being cut into the long mountain grass of 5-10cm, crop straw etc., not exposing with bed soil or base manure is principle, and plastic mulching can be adopted in the arid area or the area that cools.
(5) water: pseudo-ginseng after planting should look soil railway carriage or compartment feelings and in time water 1 time, waters 1 time every 5-7 days later on, and soil moisture is remained on about 25%-30% always, arrives until rainy season.
(6) field management: with artificial every 7-10 days weeding once, ban use of chemical herbicide, the fertilizer that pseudo-ginseng is grown seedlings is used should be based on fertilizers such as animal waste, kitchen range ash, oil cake, bone meal, but does not comprise night soil.Fertilizer was mixed the phosphate fertilizer stack retting more than 100 days before using, fully to become thoroughly decomposed.When topdressing with every mu of 2500kg of fertilizer in imposing the 4-6 month for the first time, impose the 8-10 month for the second time, looking the growth of seedling situation, to impose ash an amount of, uses pseudo-ginseng special fertilizer for seedling culture 10-15kg for every mu in case of necessity, uses 2 times; In addition, can also be aided with an amount of top dressing.Excess moisture occurring should in time drain flooded fields.
Pseudo-ginseng stock breeding method is:
(1) breeding is selected and storage: select the raw sangqi ginseng garden from 3 years that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, abundant roomy, the healthy anosis plant of blade is reserved seed for planting, begin to collect first, second and third batch fruit to annual mid-November, the fruit of collecting is obtained seed after crumpling the flush away exocarp, kind of sublayering is placed in the thin river sand that water content is 20-30% storage 45-60 days, and the water content that keeps river sand simultaneously is 20-30%.
(2) whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, sow, water: identical with in the claim 2 pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method.
(3) field management of seed farm: extract bud and do not reserve seed for planting 1. biennial period; 2. the management of 3 years raw sangqi ginsengs of seed farm: a, regulate the cool canopy light transmittance: the cool canopy breakage of 3 years raw sangqi ginsengs is bigger, and the seed farm pseudo-ginseng is lower to the requirement of light transmittance, and should in time repairing cool canopy, to make its light transmittance be 10%-13%; B, extract bud weak, sick plant: pseudo-ginseng enters squaring period after June, and should extract bud weak, sick plant this moment; C, maintenance field humidity: be the flowering stage of pseudo-ginseng August-September, and should keep the field air humidity this moment between 75%-85%, is beneficial to bloom.If air humidity is not enough, should manually spray water in the field; Humidity is excessive then regulates by opening the garden door; D, attract insect pollination: the number of insect and the amount of setting seeds of pseudo-ginseng are closely related, spray the sugar of 1-2 0.1-0.5% or honey solution on the pseudo-ginseng bud at the pseudo-ginseng full-bloom stage, can attract insect to come to pollinate; The working concentration of e, reduction agricultural chemicals: sanchi flower ordered pair agricultural chemicals is responsive, easily produces poisoning, so seed farm raw sangqi ginseng use in 3 years agricultural chemicals must be careful, and working concentration should be 2/3 of conventional amount used; F, topdress based on farmyard manure (be 2500kg/ mu. inferior), respectively at applying for three times in April (leaf stretching period), June (squaring period), September (flowering stage), be aided with compound fertilizer special for pseudoginseng root 15-20kg at every turn; The use of g, leaf fertilizer and growth regulator: spray the fertile 300 times of liquid of big-120 (pseudo-ginseng tailored version) 300ppm of cloud, 400 times of liquid of Yang Kang foliage fertilizer or " preceding power-512 " pseudo-ginseng tailored version leaf respectively 2-3 time in pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period, squaring period, spray 500 times of liquid of the basic element of cell division respectively 2 times in flowering stage, green fruit phase.
(4) breeding is gathered: the pseudo-ginseng fruit begins ripe successively mid-November, the scarlet glossiness ripening fruits of reply color and luster is gathered in batches, and storage is used for producing in batches.
Pseudo-ginseng field production method is:
(1) whole ground and soil treatment: the middle slant acidity of selecting not plant in 6 years pseudo-ginseng has the sandy loam plot of certain slope, the gradient in plot must not be greater than 15 degree, farming at the beginning of 11 months, later on once every farming in 15 days, tilth is 30cm, when P in soil H value during, prior to seeding, use the agricultural chemicals that allows to use among 75g-100g quicklime or the DB 53055.8 (pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals usage criteria in " mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng comprehensive standard ") for every square metre and carry out soil treatment at 5.5-7.0.
(2) build canopy: build cool canopy on the plot of handling well, cool canopy must be accomplished the printing opacity uniformity, and light transmittance is between the 8-12%.
(3) make bed: level land, ground, the gentle slope height of bed are 20-25cm, and the hillside fields height of bed is 15-20cm, and bedside is 120-140cm, and bed surface is made pan tile shape, and bed soil is accomplished down Song Shangshi.
(4) transplant planting: transplanting time is mid or late January in mid or late December to next year, during transplanting, with seedling with 500-800 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl MnZn, or 1.5% allowed the agricultural chemicals seed soaking used among polyoxin 200ppm or the DB 53055.8 (pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals usage criteria in " mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng comprehensive standard ") 30-50 minute, takes out back band soup and transplant.Transplant by 10 * 12.5cm-10 * 15cm spacing plantation, every mu of planting density is 2.6-3.2 ten thousand strains, the garden direction unanimity of will demanding perfection when transplanting seedling, and hillside fields, ground, gentle slope are hoisted by lower and put seedling, the root of the first seeding seedling is to the top, slope, second arranges the beginning root to the below, slope, and bud is to the top, slope, and the root of face both sides, railway carriage or compartment inwardly, bud is placed towards foreign side, transplanted the back and with the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed or every mu of 2500kg of fine earth the pseudo-ginseng seedling has been covered, so that whole seedling has been covered, root, bud do not expose is advisable; At last, with being cut into the long mountain grass of 5-10cm, crop straw etc., evenly be bedded in bed soil surface, not exposing with bed soil or base manure is principle, and plantation is watered once permeable after finishing immediately.
(5) field management: in arid, semiarid zone, pseudo-ginseng is transplanted the back and should in time water 1 time in every 7-10 days, and soil moisture is remained on about 25% always, arrives until rainy season; Plastic film mulching cultivation only need water 1-2 time water.Rainy season, excess moisture appearred in arriving, in time get rid of.Adopt the rupture of membranes in time of plastic film mulching cultivation to put seedling, rupture of membranes is put the seedling time in the morning before 12, after at 4 in afternoon.
Fertilizer was mixed the phosphate fertilizer stack retting more than 100 days before using, the every mu of each 2500kg that topdresses respectively at imposing the 4-6 month for the first time, imposes for the second time the 8-10 month.Pseudo-ginseng N, P, K Application Ratio according to the soil fertility situation and each breeding time fertilizer requirement decide, be generally 2: 1: 3 (whole year).The fertilizer of pseudo-ginseng is aided with composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer based on fertilizer, bans use of nitrate fertilizer.Fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, animal waste (should fully become thoroughly decomposed), fire soil, bone meal, oil cake (fully stack retting), the withered bar of crop etc., does not comprise night soil.The use of chemical fertilizer should be used with fertilizer, advocates and uses pseudo-ginseng special-purpose fertile.
When every year, mid or late July, the pseudo-ginseng bud grew into 3-5cm, use manually with its excision.Raw sangqi ginseng 2-3 before excavating can suitably strengthen the cool canopy light transmittance in individual month in 3 years, and general intermediate altitude area should not surpass 15%, and the high altitude localities should not surpass 20%.
Pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals using method is: allow to use sulphur preparation, copper agent in botanical pesticide, animal sources agricultural chemicals, microbial pesticide and the mineral sources agricultural chemicals, strictness bans use of severe toxicity, high poison, high residue or has and three cause the agricultural chemicals of (carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenesis) effect.
The main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng is:
(1) carry out crop rotation: take in the production and crop rotations such as non-irrigated grain (wheat, dryland rice, buckwheat etc.), vegetables, flowers, economic crops, the crop rotation time limit should be more than 6 years.
(2) select and cultivate healthy and strong anosis seed, seedling for use: the seed of the anosis worm health of selecting and remain or cultivate healthy and strong anosis worm and the agricultural after testing residual or residual seedling that is lower than required standard of heavy metal element.
(3) biological control: the pseudo-ginseng seedling blight waters with 500～1000 times of liquid of 5% jinggangmycin aqua; The root rot their early stage can be sprayed with agricultural streptomycin 100-150ppm; Pseudo-ginseng black spot, gray mold are prevented and treated with 100-300 times of liquid spraying of 2% polyoxin wetting powder.In addition, also available inorganic fungicide lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture etc. carry out the control of disease.
(4) chemical control: 1. soil treatment: sowing or when transplanting, in conjunction with falling soil and reason railway carriage or compartment, every square metre with 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 65% fenaminosulf wetting powder 10-15g, also available quicklime 75-100g processing railway carriage or compartment bed; 2. seed, seedling are handled: before sowing or transplanting, with 500-800 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl MnZn, or 1.5% polyoxin 200ppm soaked seed 30-50 minute, pulled out to sow after drying or transplant.3. land for growing field crops chemical control: notoginseng root rot, with (1) 25% leaf is withered would rather Wettable Powder (150-200g/667m
2)+50% iprodione (is iprodione 150-200g/667m
2)+water (120kg/667m
2) sprinkling irrigation; (2) agricultural streptomycin (150-200ppm/667m
2)+50% iprodione (is iprodione 150-200g/667m
2)+water (120kg/667m
2) sprinkling irrigation; (3) 25% leaves are withered would rather Wettable Powder (or agricultural streptomycin)+64% Sandofan wetting powder (300-400g/667m
2The sprinkling irrigation of)+water; The pseudo-ginseng black spot, with 8000-10000 times of liquid of 40% lucky star emulsion, 6000-7000 times of liquid of 10% generation high-moisture powder, 700-800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 500-600 times liquid, 80% Zineb wettable powder 700-800 times liquid, 600-800 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder etc., after being mixed, optional wherein a kind of or 2-3 kind medicament converts water spray; The pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot, 600-800 times of liquid of available 50% iprodione (iprodione) wetting powder, 50% peace gram wetting powder, 30～40 gram/mus, the clear wetting powder 600-800 times liquid of 70% white epidemic disease, 600-1000 times of liquid of 85% Yimeiling wetting powder, 600-800 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 400-500 times liquid, 400-500 times of liquid of 80% Methylpartricin Sodium Laurylsulfate (aliette) wettable powder etc., optional wherein a kind of the spraying; Pseudo-ginseng garden pinta, with the control of spraying of 8000-10000 times of liquid of 40% lucky star emulsion, the clear soluble powder 600-800 times liquid of 20% dish bacterium, above-mentioned medicament and prescription should be used alternatingly or rationally use with.Per twice dispenser interlude is 7～10 days, and access times must not be above five times in 1 year for every kind of agricultural chemicals; Last dispenser should be excavated the phase more than 20 days apart from pseudo-ginseng.
Pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method are:
(1) biological control: the pseudo-ginseng insect can prevent and treat with living microorganism agricultural chemicals such as green muscardine fungus, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, emulsus bacillus or botanical pesticides such as fish Teng essence, nicotine, also can make full use of the pest natural enemy Pest Control.
(2) chemical control: to grub, a fairly large number of plot of cutworm, every mu of available 90% crystal chlorophos 50-75g mixes the thin moisture soil of 20kg and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or mixes the back thoroughly with the fresh vegetable leaf that 50kg minces and spread fertilizer over the fields processing in making the railway carriage or compartment face at dusk; The pseudo-ginseng growing period suffers the harm of aphid, coccid, the control of spraying of 1500 times of liquid of available 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder etc., optional wherein a kind of medicament; Control mite class (two spotted spider mite) is with wherein a kind of controls of spraying such as 3000 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, every mu of 75-100ml of 20% compound macro tetrolide, 20% chlorfenizon 1500-2000 times liquid; The control of slug is to be sprinkling upon in seven gardens at dusk with vegetable leaf, collects morning next day to such an extent that concentrate behind the slug and kill; Or with lime along the limit, railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment ditch spread fertilizer over the fields, use lime 15kg for every mu, or spray with 20 times of tea low water between the emergence period slug.
The pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method is:
(1) preparation method of pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure: 1. fiery soil is sieved slow fire soil, the abundant mixing of ratio in pseudo-ginseng plantation first half of the month by 1000kg slow fire soil adding fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, standby; 2. with slow fire soil and the ratio abundant mixing of people's domestic animals manure by 1000kg adding 400kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate or general calcium 50kg, stack retting can fully become thoroughly decomposed in three months, standby; 3. the oil cake water is fully drenched, cover stack retting completely with Polypropylence Sheet and can partly decompose in 7 days, and can not disperse lump, mix with the ratio of slow fire soil 1000kg in 400kg and add fused calcium magnesium phosphate or general calcium 50kg again this moment, abundant mixing, and stack retting three months, standby.
(2) using method of seed manure: the pseudo-ginseng seed is put the pseudo-ginseng seed of humidity in the bamboo container after seed soaking is handled, and adds fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and winnow with a dustpan in the mountain peak back and forth, and till the pseudo-ginseng seed all was stained with fertilizer, this operation can be finished synchronously with the agricultural chemicals seed dressing.
(3) using method of base manure: 1. pseudo-ginseng seed base manure using method, the pseudo-ginseng seed points is sowed in the soil pit, promptly mix the special-purpose fertile 20kg/ mu of pseudo-ginseng seedling or cover whole bed surface, do not expose with seed and be advisable with the fertilizer 1500kg/ mu that 3. 2. pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method be prepared into slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu; 2. transplant pseudo-ginseng base manure using method: after the transplantation of seedlings of pseudo-ginseng kind finishes, immediately with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu mix the special-purpose fertile 20kg of pseudo-ginseng or with pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method 1. 2. 3. every mu of 2500kg of fertilizer of preparation mix potassium sulphate 10kg and make base manure it is covered, cannot see main root and fibrous root is advisable.
(4) topdressing method: the 1. topdressing method of annual pseudo-ginseng: the 4-6 month is the leaf stretching period of annual pseudo-ginseng, tackles annual pseudo-ginseng this moment and does to topdress for the first time, and dressing time should carry out after doing at blade dew in fine morning.The kind of topdressing and method can adopt following three kinds: the one, and mix the special-purpose fertile 15kg of pseudo-ginseng seedling with slow fire soil 1500kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face, in case noon high temperature or spraying pesticide cause the calcination blade; The 2nd, mix potassium sulphate 10kg with the fertilizer 1500kg/ mu that 1. 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method and spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 3rd, mix urea 7kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 7.5kg with fiery native 1000kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 8-10 month is to topdress period second time of annual pseudo-ginseng, and the method and the quantity of topdressing are the same; 2. the topdressing method of biennial pseudo-ginseng: the number of times that biennial pseudo-ginseng is topdressed is a secondary, dressing time is a 4-5 month leaf stretching period for the first time, its method has following several: the one, mix the special-purpose fertile 15kg of pseudo-ginseng with slow fire soil 1500kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 2nd, mix potassium sulphate 10kg with the fertilizer 1500kg/ mu that 1. 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; Fertilising second time of biennial pseudo-ginseng is in 7-8 month pseudo-ginseng squaring period, and fertilising must be carried out at fine day, and fertilizer type that topdresses for the second time and consumption are with for the first time; 3. life in 3 years the topdressing of pseudo-ginseng of reserving seed for planting: living seed field pseudo-ginseng was topdressed for the first time at 4-5 month pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period in 3 years, dressing time carries out in 2-3 days after manually watering, after doing, selection pseudo-ginseng blade dew in the morning carries out, the kind of fertilising and quantity are spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface after having following several method: a. to mix the special-purpose fertile 20kg mixing of pseudo-ginseng with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, after fertilising finishes with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; B. the fertilizer 2500kg/ mu that 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method is mixed potassium sulphate 15kg mixing and is spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; C. mix urea 8kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 15kg with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields behind the mixing in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; Life in 3 years is reserved seed for planting and is topdressed pseudo-ginseng for the second time in pseudo-ginseng squaring period mid-July, topdress and carry out, in the process of topdressing, spread fertilizer over the fields and highly be lower than scape height at fine day, avoid fertilizer to be adhered on the floral disc, thoroughly remove earth and fertilizer on blade and the bud after fertilising finishes.Topdressing method has: a. spreads fertilizer over the fields in bed surface after mixing the special-purpose fertile 25kg mixing of pseudo-ginseng with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu; B. the fertilizer 2500kg/ mu that 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method is mixed potassium sulphate 20kg mixing and is spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface; C. mix urea 10kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 20kg with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields behind the mixing in bed surface; Life in 3 years the topdressing for the third time of pseudo-ginseng of reserving seed for planting in the 9-10 month pseudo-ginseng green fruit phase, topdressing method is with the reserve seed for planting topdressing method second time of pseudo-ginseng of life in 3 years; 4. the do not reserve seed for planting topdressing method of pseudo-ginseng: the reserve seed for planting topdressing method first time of pseudo-ginseng of the topdressing method first time of the pseudo-ginseng of not reserving seed for planting life in the same 3 years; For the second time dressing time is 7-8 month pseudo-ginseng squaring period, topdresses and carries out at fine day, in the process of topdressing, spreads fertilizer over the fields and highly is lower than the scape height, avoids fertilizer to be adhered on the floral disc, and earth and fertilizer on blade and the bud are thoroughly removed in the fertilising back that finishes.Topdressing method is: a. spreads fertilizer over the fields in bed surface after mixing the special-purpose fertile 30kg mixing of pseudo-ginseng with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu; B. the fertilizer 2500kg/ mu that 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method is mixed potassium sulphate 25kg mixing and is spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface; C. mix urea 12kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 25kg, potassium sulphate 25kg with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface behind the mixing.
(5) top dressing method: the top dressing of pseudo-ginseng is mainly to spray foliage fertilizer, fertilizer type that uses on pseudo-ginseng and method are: 1. Yang Kang bio-fertilizer (pseudo-ginseng tailored version): respectively spray 4 times with 400 times of liquid at pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period (April) and pseudo-ginseng squaring period (July), this fertilizer can not be shared with bactericide; 2. the full rich biological active fertilizer of favour: in the pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period with spray 500 times of liquid squaring period respectively, this fertilizer can not be shared with bactericide; 3. " preceding power-512 " pseudo-ginseng tailored version leaf fertilizer: make foliar spray with 300 times of liquid respectively at pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period, squaring period, the Sheng of blooming phase, green fruit initial stage, green fruit Sheng phase.
Claims (8)
1, notoginseng GAP cultivation method is characterized in that being made up of pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method, pseudo-ginseng stock breeding method, pseudo-ginseng field production method, pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals using method, the main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng, pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method and pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method etc.Wherein, the pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method by whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, sow, water and field management is formed; Pseudo-ginseng stock breeding method is gathered by the field management of breeding selection, storage, seed farm and breeding and is formed; Pseudo-ginseng field production method is made up of whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, transplant planting and field management; The main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng is formed by carrying out crop rotation, select for use and cultivate healthy and strong anosis seed seedling, biological control and chemical control; Pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method are made up of biological control, chemical control; The pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method by the use of the use of the preparation of pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure, seed manure, base manure, topdress and top dressing is formed.
2, according to claim, 1 described notoginseng GAP cultivation method is characterized in that the pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method is:
(1) whole ground and soil treatment: select not plant in 6 years sandy loam pseudo-ginseng, middle slant acidity, that certain slope is arranged and do the plot, the plot gradient must not be greater than 15 degree, farming at the beginning of 11 months, later on once every farming in 15 days, tilth is 30cm, when soil pH value during, prior to seeding, use the agricultural chemicals that allows to use among 75-100g quicklime or the DB 53055.8 (pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals usage criteria in " mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng comprehensive standard ") for every square metre and carry out soil treatment at 5.5-7.0.
(2) build canopy: build cool canopy on the plot of handling well, cool canopy must be accomplished the printing opacity uniformity, and light transmittance is between the 8-12%.
(3) make bed: level land, ground, the gentle slope height of bed are 20-25cm, and the hillside fields height of bed is 15-20cm, and bedside is 120-140cm, and bed surface is made pan tile shape, and bed soil is accomplished down Song Shangshi.
(4) sowing: the sowing time is mid or late January in mid or late December to next year, at seeding time, can select among the DB 53055.8 processings of soaking seed of the 1-2 kind bactericide of regulation for use, or adopt the special-purpose seed coating medicine of pseudo-ginseng to carry out sowing behind the dressing again.Thickness of sowing is 4 * 5cm or 5 * 5cm, ten thousand of every mu of seeding quantity 18-20, the farmyard manure that usefulness is fully become thoroughly decomposed after having sowed or every mu of 2500kg of fine earth are with pseudo-ginseng kind subcovering, be advisable can not see seed, to be cut into the long mountain grass of 5-10cm, crop straw etc. again and evenly be bedded in bed soil surface, not exposing with bed soil or base manure is principle, and plastic mulching can be adopted in the arid area or the area that cools.
(5) water: pseudo-ginseng after planting should look soil railway carriage or compartment feelings and in time water 1 time, waters 1 time every 5-7 days later on, and soil moisture is remained on about 25%-30% always, arrives until rainy season.
(6) field management: with artificial every 7-10 days weeding once, ban use of chemical herbicide, the fertilizer that pseudo-ginseng is grown seedlings is used should be based on fertilizers such as animal waste, kitchen range ash, oil cake, bone meal, but does not comprise night soil.Fertilizer was mixed the phosphate fertilizer stack retting more than 100 days before using, fully to become thoroughly decomposed.When topdressing with every mu of 2500kg of fertilizer in imposing the 4-6 month for the first time, impose the 8-10 month for the second time, looking the growth of seedling situation, to impose ash an amount of, use every mu of 10-15kg of pseudo-ginseng special fertilizer for seedling culture in case of necessity, use 2 times, in addition, can also be aided with an amount of top dressing, excess moisture occurring should in time drain flooded fields.
3, notoginseng GAP cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that pseudo-ginseng stock breeding method is:
(1) breeding is selected and storage: select the raw sangqi ginseng garden from 3 years that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, abundant roomy, the healthy anosis pseudo-ginseng plant of blade is reserved seed for planting, begin to collect first, second and third batch fruit to annual mid-November, the fruit of collecting is obtained seed after crumpling the flush away exocarp, kind of sublayering is placed in the thin river sand that water content is 20-30% storage 45-60 days, and the water content that keeps river sand simultaneously is 20-30%.
(2) whole ground, soil treatment, Jian Peng, work bed, sow, water: identical with in the pseudo-ginseng seedling-cultivating method of claim 2.
(3) field management of seed farm: extract bud and do not reserve seed for planting 1. biennial period; 2. the management of 3 years raw sangqi ginsengs of seed farm: a, regulate the cool canopy light transmittance: the cool canopy breakage of 3 years raw sangqi ginsengs is bigger, and the seed farm pseudo-ginseng is lower to the requirement of light transmittance, and should in time repairing cool canopy, to make its light transmittance be 10%-13%; B, extract bud weak, sick plant: pseudo-ginseng enters squaring period after June, and should extract bud weak, sick plant this moment; C, maintenance field humidity: the 8-9 month is the flowering stage of pseudo-ginseng, and should keep the field air humidity this moment between 75%-85%, is beneficial to bloom.If air humidity is not enough, should manually spray water in the field; Humidity is excessive then regulates by opening the garden door; D, attract insect pollination: the number of insect and the amount of setting seeds of pseudo-ginseng are closely related, spray the sugar of 1-2 0.1%-0.5% or honey solution on the pseudo-ginseng bud at the pseudo-ginseng full-bloom stage, can attract insect to come to pollinate; The working concentration of e, reduction agricultural chemicals: sanchi flower ordered pair agricultural chemicals is responsive, easily produces poisoning, so seed farm raw sangqi ginseng use in 3 years agricultural chemicals must be careful, and working concentration should be 2/3 of conventional amount used; F, topdress based on farmyard manure (be 2500kg/ mu. inferior), respectively at applying for three times in April (leaf stretching period), June (squaring period), September (flowering stage), be aided with compound fertilizer special for pseudoginseng root 15-20kg at every turn; The use of g, leaf fertilizer and growth regulator: spray the fertile 300 times of liquid of big-120 (pseudo-ginseng tailored version) 300ppm of cloud, 400 times of liquid of Yang Kang foliage fertilizer or " preceding power-512 " pseudo-ginseng tailored version leaf respectively 2-3 time in pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period, squaring period, spray 500 times of liquid of the basic element of cell division respectively 2 times in flowering stage, green fruit phase.
(4) breeding is gathered: the pseudo-ginseng fruit begins ripe successively mid-November, the scarlet glossiness ripening fruits of reply color and luster is gathered in batches, and storage is used for producing in batches.
4, notoginseng GAP cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that pseudo-ginseng field production method is:
(1) whole ground and soil treatment: the middle slant acidity of selecting not plant in 6 years pseudo-ginseng has the sandy loam plot of certain slope, the gradient in plot must not be greater than 15 degree, farming at the beginning of 11 months, later on once every farming in 15 days, tilth is 30cm, when P in soil H value during, prior to seeding, use the agricultural chemicals that allows to use among 75-100g quicklime or the DB 53055.8 (pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals usage criteria in " mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng comprehensive standard ") for every square metre and carry out soil treatment at 5.5-7.0.
(2) build canopy: build cool canopy on the plot of handling well, cool canopy must be accomplished the printing opacity uniformity, and light transmittance is between the 8-12%.
(3) make bed: level land, ground, the gentle slope height of bed are 20-25cm, and the hillside fields height of bed is 15-20cm, and bedside is 120-140cm, and bed surface is made pan tile shape, and bed soil is accomplished down Song Shangshi.
(4) transplant planting: transplanting time is mid or late January in mid or late December to next year, during transplanting, with seedling with 500-800 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl MnZn, or 1.5% allow the agricultural chemicals seed soaking 30-50min that uses among polyoxin 200ppm or the DB 53055.8 (pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals usage criteria in " mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng comprehensive standard "), taking out the band soup transplants, by 10 * 12.5cm-10 * 15cm spacing plantation, every mu of planting density is 2.6-3.2 ten thousand strains, the garden direction unanimity of will demanding perfection when transplanting seedling, the hillside fields, ground, gentle slope is hoisted by lower and puts seedling, the root of the first seeding seedling is to the top, slope, second arranges the beginning root to the below, slope, bud is to the top, slope, the root of face both sides, railway carriage or compartment inwardly, bud is placed towards foreign side, has transplanted the back and with farmyard manure or every mu of 2500kg of fine earth of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed the pseudo-ginseng seedling has been covered, whole seedling has been covered root, bud does not expose is advisable; To be cut into the long mountain grass of 5-10cm, crop straw etc. again, and evenly be bedded in bed soil surface, not exposing with bed soil or base manure is principle.Plantation is watered once permeable after finishing immediately.
(5) field management: in arid, semiarid zone, pseudo-ginseng is transplanted the back and should in time water 1 time in every 7-10 days, makes soil moisture remain on about 25% always, arrive until rainy season, plastic film mulching cultivation only need water 1-2 time water, and rainy season, excess moisture appearred in arriving, in time get rid of.Adopt the rupture of membranes in time of plastic film mulching cultivation to put seedling.Rupture of membranes is put the seedling time in the morning before 12, after at 4 in afternoon.
Fertilizer was mixed the phosphate fertilizer stack retting more than 100 days before using, the every mu of each 2500kg that topdresses respectively at imposing the 4-6 month for the first time, imposes for the second time the 8-10 month.Pseudo-ginseng N, P, K Application Ratio according to the soil fertility situation and each breeding time fertilizer requirement decide, be generally 2: 1: 3 (whole year).The fertilizer of pseudo-ginseng is aided with composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer based on fertilizer, bans use of nitrate fertilizer.Fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, animal waste (should fully become thoroughly decomposed), fire soil, bone meal, oil cake (fully stack retting), the withered bar of crop etc., does not comprise night soil.The use of chemical fertilizer should be used with fertilizer, advocates and uses pseudo-ginseng special-purpose fertile.
When every year, mid or late July, the pseudo-ginseng bud grew into 3-5cm, use manually with its excision.Raw sangqi ginseng 2-3 before excavating can suitably strengthen the cool canopy light transmittance in individual month in 3 years, and general intermediate altitude area should not surpass 15%, and the high altitude localities should not surpass 20%.
5, notoginseng GAP cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals using method is:
In the use of pseudo-ginseng agricultural chemicals, allow to use sulphur preparation, copper agent in botanical pesticide, animal sources agricultural chemicals, microbial pesticide and the mineral sources agricultural chemicals; Strictness bans use of severe toxicity, high poison, high residue or has and three cause the agricultural chemicals of (carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenesis) effect.
6, notoginseng GAP cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the main pest control method of pseudo-ginseng is:
(1) carry out crop rotation: take in the production and crop rotations such as non-irrigated grain (wheat, dryland rice, buckwheat etc.), vegetables, flowers, economic crops, the crop rotation time limit should be more than 6 years.
(2) select and cultivate healthy and strong anosis seed, seedling for use: the seed of the anosis worm health of selecting and remain or cultivate healthy and strong anosis worm and does not have agricultural residual or seedling that heavy metal element is residual after testing.
(3) biological control: the pseudo-ginseng seedling blight waters with 500～1000 times of liquid of 5% jinggangmycin aqua; The root rot their early stage can be sprayed with agricultural streptomycin 100-150ppm.Pseudo-ginseng black spot, gray mold are prevented and treated with 100-300 times of liquid spraying of 2% polyoxin wetting powder.In addition, also available inorganic fungicide lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture etc. carry out the control of disease.
(4) chemical control: 1. soil treatment: sowing or when transplanting, in conjunction with falling soil and reason railway carriage or compartment, every square metre with 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 65% fenaminosulf wetting powder 10-15g, also available quicklime 75-100g processing railway carriage or compartment bed; 2. seed, seedling are handled: before sowing or transplanting, with 500-800 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl MnZn, or 1.5% polyoxin 200ppm soaked seed 30-50 minute, pulled out to sow after drying or transplant.3. land for growing field crops chemical control: notoginseng root rot, with (1) 25% leaf is withered would rather Wettable Powder (150-200g/667m
2)+50% iprodione (is iprodione 150-200g/667m
2)+water (120kg/667m
2) sprinkling irrigation; (2) agricultural streptomycin (150-200ppm/667m
2)+50% iprodione (is iprodione 150-200g/667m
2)+water (120kg/667m
2) sprinkling irrigation; (3) 25% leaves are withered would rather Wettable Powder (or agricultural streptomycin)+64% Sandofan wetting powder (300-400g/667m
2The sprinkling irrigation of)+water; The pseudo-ginseng black spot, with 8000-10000 times of liquid of 40% lucky star emulsion, 6000-7000 times of liquid of 10% generation high-moisture powder, 700-800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 500-600 times liquid, 80% Zineb wettable powder 700-800 times liquid, 600-800 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder etc., after being mixed, optional wherein a kind of or 2-3 kind medicament converts water spray; The pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot, 600-800 times of liquid of available 50% iprodione (iprodione) wetting powder, 50% peace gram wetting powder, 30～40 gram/mus, the clear wetting powder 600-800 times liquid of 70% white epidemic disease, 600-1000 times of liquid of 85% Yimeiling wetting powder, 600-800 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 400-500 times liquid, 400-500 times of liquid of 80% Methylpartricin Sodium Laurylsulfate (aliette) wetting powder etc., optional wherein a kind of the spraying; Pseudo-ginseng garden pinta, with the control of spraying of 8000-10000 times of liquid of 40% lucky star emulsion, the clear soluble powder 600-800 times liquid of 20% dish bacterium, above-mentioned medicament and prescription should be used alternatingly or rationally use with.Per twice dispenser interlude is 7～10 days, and access times must not be above five times in 1 year for every kind of agricultural chemicals; Last dispenser should be excavated the phase more than 20 days apart from pseudo-ginseng.
7, notoginseng GAP cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that pseudo-ginseng insect and PCO method are:
(1) biological control: the pseudo-ginseng insect can prevent and treat with living microorganism agricultural chemicals such as green muscardine fungus, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, emulsus bacillus or botanical pesticides such as fish Teng essence, nicotine, also can make full use of the pest natural enemy Pest Control.
(2) chemical control: to grub, a fairly large number of plot of cutworm, every mu of available 90% crystal chlorophos 50g-75g mixes the thin moisture soil of 20kg and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or mixes the back thoroughly with the fresh vegetable leaf that 50kg minces and spread fertilizer over the fields processing in making the railway carriage or compartment face at dusk; The pseudo-ginseng growing period suffers the harm of aphid, coccid, the control of spraying of 1500 times of liquid of available 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder etc., optional wherein a kind of medicament; Control mite class (two spotted spider mite) is with wherein a kind of controls of spraying such as 3000 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, every mu of 75-100ml of 20% compound macro tetrolide, 20% chlorfenizon 1500-2000 times liquid; The control of slug is to be sprinkling upon in seven gardens at dusk with vegetable leaf, collects morning next day to such an extent that concentrate behind the slug and kill; Or with lime along the limit, railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment ditch spread fertilizer over the fields, use lime 15kg for every mu; Or spray with 20 times of tea low water between the emergence period slug; Also can every mu evenly spread fertilizer over the fields with the close molluscicide that reaches of 1kg.
8, notoginseng GAP cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pseudo-ginseng fertilizing method is:
(1) preparation method of pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure: 1. fiery soil is sieved slow fire soil, the abundant mixing of ratio in pseudo-ginseng plantation first half of the month by 1000kg slow fire soil adding fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, standby; 2. with slow fire soil and the ratio abundant mixing of people's domestic animals manure by 1000kg adding 400kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate or general calcium 50kg, stack retting can fully become thoroughly decomposed in three months, standby; 3. the oil cake water is fully drenched, cover stack retting completely with Polypropylence Sheet and can partly decompose in 7 days, and can not disperse lump, mix with the ratio of slow fire soil 1000kg in 400kg and add fused calcium magnesium phosphate or general calcium 50kg again this moment, abundant mixing, and stack retting three months, standby.
(2) using method of seed manure: the pseudo-ginseng seed is put the pseudo-ginseng seed of humidity in the bamboo container after seed soaking is handled, and adds fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and winnow with a dustpan in the mountain peak back and forth, and till the pseudo-ginseng seed all was stained with fertilizer, this operation can be finished synchronously with the agricultural chemicals seed dressing.
(3) using method of base manure: 1. pseudo-ginseng seed base manure using method, the pseudo-ginseng seed points is sowed in the soil pit, the i.e. fertilizer 1500kg/ mu of mixing the special-purpose fertile 20kg of pseudo-ginseng seedling or 2. 3. being prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu does not expose and is advisable to cover whole bed surface and seed; 2. pseudo-ginseng seedling base manure using method: after the transplantation of seedlings of pseudo-ginseng kind finishes, immediately with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu mix the special-purpose fertile 20kg of pseudo-ginseng or with pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method 1. 2. 3. the fertilizer 2500kg/ mu of preparation mix potassium sulphate 10kg and make base manure it is covered, cannot see main root and fibrous root is advisable.
(4) topdressing method: the 1. topdressing method of annual pseudo-ginseng: the 4-6 month is the leaf stretching period of annual pseudo-ginseng, tackling annual pseudo-ginseng this moment does to topdress for the first time, dressing time should be treated to carry out after blade dew is done in fine morning, the kind of topdressing and method can adopt following three kinds: the one, and mix the special-purpose fertile 15kg of pseudo-ginseng seedling with slow fire soil 1500kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face, in case calcination blade behind rainy or the spraying pesticide; The 2nd, the fertilizer 1500kg/ mu that 1. 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method is mixed potassium sulphate 10kg and is spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 3rd, with fiery native 1000kg/ mu mix urea 7kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 7.5kg spreads fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 8-10 month is to topdress period second time of annual pseudo-ginseng, and the method and the quantity of topdressing are the same; 2. the topdressing method of biennial pseudo-ginseng: the number of times that biennial pseudo-ginseng is topdressed is a secondary, dressing time is a 4-5 month pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period for the first time, its method has following several: the one, mix the special-purpose fertile 15kg of pseudo-ginseng with slow fire soil 1500kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 2nd, mix potassium sulphate 10kg with the fertilizer 1500kg/ mu that 1. 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; Fertilising second time of biennial pseudo-ginseng is in 7-8 month pseudo-ginseng squaring period, and fertilising must be at fine day, and fertilizer type that topdresses for the second time and consumption are with for the first time; 3. life in 3 years the topdressing of pseudo-ginseng of reserving seed for planting: living seed field pseudo-ginseng was topdressed for the first time at 4-5 month pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period in 3 years, dressing time carries out in 2-3 days after manually watering, after doing, selection pseudo-ginseng blade dew in the morning carries out, the kind and the quantity of fertilising have following several method, the one, spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface after mixing the special-purpose fertile 20kg mixing of pseudo-ginseng with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 2nd, the fertilizer 2500kg/ mu that 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method is mixed potassium sulphate 15kg mixing and is spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; The 3rd, mix urea 8kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 15kg with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields behind the mixing in bed surface, fertilising finish the back with thin bamboo pole or pine branch with earth full scale clearance on the blade face; Life in 3 years is reserved seed for planting and is topdressed pseudo-ginseng for the second time in pseudo-ginseng squaring period mid-July, topdress and carry out at fine day, in the process of topdressing, spread fertilizer over the fields and highly be lower than the scape height, avoid fertilizer to be adhered on the floral disc, thoroughly remove earth and fertilizer on blade and the bud after fertilising finishes, topdressing method has: a. spreads fertilizer over the fields in bed surface after mixing the special-purpose fertile 25kg mixing of pseudo-ginseng with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu; B. the fertilizer 2500kg/ mu that 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method is mixed potassium sulphate 20kg mixing and is spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface; C. mix urea 10kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 20kg with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields behind the mixing in bed surface; Life in 3 years the topdressing for the third time of pseudo-ginseng of reserving seed for planting in the 9-10 month pseudo-ginseng green fruit phase, topdressing method is with the reserve seed for planting topdressing method second time of pseudo-ginseng of life in 3 years; 4. the do not reserve seed for planting topdressing method of pseudo-ginseng: the reserve seed for planting topdressing method first time of pseudo-ginseng of the topdressing method first time of the pseudo-ginseng of not reserving seed for planting life in the same 3 years; Dressing time is 7-8 month pseudo-ginseng squaring period for the second time, topdress and carry out at fine day, in the process of topdressing, spread fertilizer over the fields and highly be lower than the scape height, avoid fertilizer to be adhered on the floral disc, earth and fertilizer on blade and the bud are thoroughly removed in the fertilising back that finishes, and topdressing method has following several method, and the one, spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface after mixing the fertile 30kg mixing of pseudo-ginseng special use with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu; The 2nd, the fertilizer 2500kg/ mu that 2. 3. is prepared into pseudo-ginseng farmyard manure preparation method is mixed potassium sulphate 25kg mixing and is spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface; The 3rd, mix urea 12kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 25kg, potassium sulphate 25kg with slow fire soil 2500kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields in bed surface behind the mixing.
(5) top dressing method: the top dressing of pseudo-ginseng is mainly to spray foliage fertilizer, fertilizer type that uses on pseudo-ginseng and method are: 1. Yang Kang bio-fertilizer (pseudo-ginseng tailored version): respectively spray 4 times with 400 times of liquid at pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period (April) and squaring period (July), this fertilizer can not be shared with bactericide; 2. the full rich biological active fertilizer of favour: in the pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period with spray 500 times of liquid squaring period respectively, this fertilizer also can not be shared with bactericide; 3. " preceding power-512 " pseudo-ginseng tailored version leaf fertilizer: make foliar spray with 300 times of liquid respectively at pseudo-ginseng leaf stretching period, squaring period, the Sheng of blooming phase, green fruit initial stage, green fruit Sheng phase.
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-
2002
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