CN1445202A - Fertilizer for spraying on leaf surface with biologic raw materials as main material - Google Patents
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Abstract
A leaf fertilizer is prepared from biologic material as main raw material such as dried potato, rice bran, wine yeast, weathered coal, extraction liquid of garlic, etc and 20 other materials including urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, copper sulfate, VC, etc. Its advantages are high chemical stability and water solubility, easy absorption, high effect on increasing yield, and no environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a foliage spray fertilizer for crops.
Background
The spray fertilizer has the characteristics of convenient use, high fertilizer efficiency and easy absorption, and is widely applied to agricultural production, such as spraying treasures, harvest treasures and the like. The spraying agent is a compound foliage micro-fertilizer, and its main components are fulvic acid, vitamin C, citric acid, urea, sucrose acid ester and manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate. The spraying agent is a compound fertilizer with multiple trace elements and organic matters, which has positive effects on increasing the yield and the income of crops, but has limited amplitude of increasing the yield and the income, the yield increasing effect is generally 5-10% according to certain statistical data, and the effect of improving the disease resistance of the crops is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of limited yield and income increasing amplitude and unobvious improvement effect on the disease resistance of crops in the conventional common spray fertilizer, and provides a foliar spray fertilizer which is mainly prepared from biological raw materials and has remarkable yield increasing effect and is beneficial to improving the disease resistance of crops.
The foliage spray fertilizer of the invention basically comprises the following substances (in parts by weight): biological solvent I48-56, urea 15-16, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-16, sucrose 6-6.5, glucose 4-6, boric acid 2-3, ammonium molybdate 0.5-1, thiamine 0.5-1, nicotinamide 0.5-1, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.3-0.5, copper sulfate 0.3-0.5, citric acid 0.3-0.5, zinc sulfate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulfate 0.2-0.3, ferrous sulfate 0.2-0.3, biological solvent II0.08-0.1, biological solvent III0.03-0.05, sodium benzoate 0.03-0.05, phosphoric acid 0.01-0.03, vitamin C0.01-0.03, sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.01-0.03, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.02, trimeric 0.01-0.02, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 0.01-0.02, and cobalamin 0.001-0.002;
the biological solvent I is a solution prepared by taking 8-10 parts of dried potato, 20-25 parts of bran coat, 3-4 parts of yeast, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.5 part of protease, 4-5 parts of bran koji and 30-40 parts of water as raw materials;
the biological solvent II is a solution with the sodium humate content of 1-1.5 percent, which is prepared by 5-10 parts of weathered coal, 0.5-1 part of soda ash and 50-100 parts of water;
the biological solvent III contains allicinThe garlic syrup extract.
The following substances may also be added to the product of the invention:
0.1-1 part of ammonia water, potassium chloride, calcium sulfate, glycerol, zinc carbonate and gluconic acid respectively; 0.01-0.05 part of potassium sulfate, triethyl phosphate and ethylenediamine respectively.
The efficacy and the action mechanism of each substance component of the invention are as follows:
the biological solvent I contains acetic acid, lactic acid, amino acid, succinic acid, propionic acid, carbohydrate, protein, saccharide, colloid and salt. The biological solvent I is essentially a 'natural green fertilizer storehouse', the spray fertilizer takes the biological solvent I as a carrier, is different from the spray fertilizer taking yellow rings and alcohols as the carriers, is the innovation of the invention, and is the main reason of remarkable yield increase effect. The biological solvent I comprises the following main components:
acetic acid in the components has thefunctions of killing and inhibiting common viruses and germs, so that the spray fertilizer has obvious effect of preventing and treating crop diseases and insect pests, such as soft rot of Chinese cabbage, tomato virus disease, pepper virus disease and the like.
Propionic acid in the components is one of fatty acid, is an effective mould inhibitor, can effectively prevent and treat diseases of crops caused by moulds, and particularly has a fresh-keeping effect on vegetables.
3, the succinic acid in the components is a high-quality crop growth regulator, directly participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the crops, promotes the growth of plants, cultures strong seedlings, increases the propagation, and has the effects of promoting the development, maturing ahead of time and increasing the yield.
4, the saccharides in the components enable the biological solvent I to have excellent stress resistance, the photosynthesis of the plants is inhibited when the light is insufficient, and the photosynthetic reaction product C6H12O6The amount of organic substances in the stored energy is reduced, and the metabolic cycle in the plant body is inevitably hindered. The cellulose and pectin constituting the cell wall will be reduced, the osmotic pressure of the cell with thinned cell wall is lowered, and the plant tissue is weak and has poor stress resistance. When the saccharides in the components of the biological solvent I permeate into crops, the saccharides are oxidized and decomposed into simple substances such as water, carbon dioxide and the like through respiration, and simultaneously, the energy required by the crops is released, and the saccharide decomposition process is shown as the following formula:
with the activation of key enzymes of the carbon metabolism of plants such asribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate deoxyenzyme by the increase of ATP, the contents of protein and chlorophyll in the plants are rapidly increased, the accumulation of dry matters is facilitated, the robust growth of the plants is promoted, and the stress resistance of crops is improved.
And secondly, the sodium humate contained in the biological solvent II can cause the closing of plant stomata to reduce transpiration, improve the water condition in the plant body, prolong the functional period of leaves, improve the photosynthetic rate, enhance the activity of root systems, promote the transportation and transformation of organic substances, and enhance the hydrophilicity of protoplasm colloids, thereby improving the drought resistance and the yield of crops.
And thirdly, the allicin in the biological solvent III has the effects of killing and inhibiting fungi such as anthrax, rhizoctonia solani, rhizopus and the like, and particularly has the effect of preventing and treating anthracnose of fruits and black spot of sweet potatoes. The mechanism is that allicin reacts with SH group contained in the thallus to inhibit the metabolism of the thallus.
The nitrogen-containing substances in the invention comprise urea, nicotinamide, ammonium molybdate, thiamine and sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, nitrogen is one of three essential elements of fertilizer required by plant growth, and the substances can directly supplement nitrogen for plants on one hand, and can activate nitrogen fixation enzyme of plant root systems to play a role in nitrogen fixation on the other hand, thereby promoting nitrogen fixation bacteria in soil to enter plant bodies, continuously fixing free nitrogen in air and enhancing the autotrophic ability of plant organisms.
Nicotinamide enters plants to synthesize nicotinamide purine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide purine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Due to reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation characteristics of NAD and NADP, i.e. On one hand, the plant growth regulator can participate in biological nitrogen fixation as a hydrogen (electron supply) system in the biological nitrogen fixation, on the other hand, the plant is promoted to perform the chemosynthesis effect under the condition of insufficient illumination, the sugar content of leaf liquid is increased, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the plant body is regulated to enable the plant growth to be stable.
Thiamine is absorbed by plants and then is combined with pyrophosphate to form thiamine pyrophosphate which is a coenzyme of an a-keto acid deoxyenzyme complex and has important influence on the oxidation and the release of energy of sugar. The energy is concentrated in ATP molecules and is used as a direct source of energy required by each life activity, and when ATP-ATP + Pi is used, the energy is released, so that an energy generating system necessary for plant growth can be effectively solved. Thiamine also has the effects of promoting synthesis of endogenous hormone in the physiological process of plants, promoting growth of young roots and formation of root hairs of the plants, shortening the rooting time, ensuring developed root systems and helping the plants to take roots and develop in adverse soil environments.
The phosphorus and potassium-containing substances in the invention comprise potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate. Many important substances in plants, such as nucleoprotein, phytochemicals, phospholipids, adenosine phosphates, etc., contain phosphorus. Phosphorus is also a component of many enzymes and is involved in the respiration, photosynthesis, and the synthesis and decomposition of proteins, sugars, and fatsof crops. The phosphorus-containing substance not only supplies the requirement of crops on phosphorus, but also contains thiamine and citric acid which can promote the root system development of the crops, improve the concentration of organic acid, effectively reduce inert phosphate in soil, namely effectively decompose third-generation phosphate to second-generation phosphate and first-generation phosphate, provide plants with the functions of promoting the propagation of the crops, accelerating the branching and shortening the growth period by absorption, enable seeds to be full or improve the contents of starch, sugar and fat powder in fruits, and is favorable for the drought resistance and the harm resistance of the crops. The sodium tripolyphosphate has the functions of creating the swelling pressure of plant cells and regulating the pH value of cell sap. The potassium-containing substance can provide a large amount of active potassium for plants, promote the plants to absorb sufficient ionic potassium from soil, improve the balanced development of a plant conduction system and facilitate the absorption and the transportation of other nutrient substances. The above is the second characteristic of the present invention.
The magnesium sulfate and the calcium sulfate in the invention can respectively promote the growth of the young roots and the formation of root hairs of plants and promote the synthesis of chlorophyll.
Sixth, the invention uses the sulfate or nitrate of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, ammonium molybdate, boric acid as raw material, and combines with chelating agent EDTA (sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), citric acid, gluconic acid into water-soluble metal chelate which is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants.
Wherein:
① reacting citric acid with iron hydroxide to obtain ammonium ferric citrate with molecular formula- (NH)4)3Fe(C6H5O7)2Because the citric acid chelates iron ions, the permeability and the utilization rate of the plants to the iron ions are improved, the effect of promoting the leguminous plants to synthesize the ferritin or the ferromolybdenum is particularly obvious, and the nitrogen fixation activity can be enhanced.
② neutralizing gluconic acid with zinc sulfate to obtain zinc gluconate with molecular formula of [ CH]- [2OH(CHOH)4CoO〕2·Zn·H2O, the transparent utilization of zinc is improved, and the incidence rate of plant virus diseases is effectively reduced.
③ boric acid reacts with glycerol to convert into stronger acid and improve bactericidal power, the reaction process is as follows:
according to the permeability theory of the cytoplasmic membrane, monovalent anions are easier to permeate the cytoplasmic membrane than divalent anions, which permeate the cell faster than trivalent anions. Due to the formation of chelated boron, the absorption and utilization of boron by plants are improved, the plants are effectively promoted to form normal reproductive organs, and the inoculation rate is improved.
④ the sodium tripolyphosphate and the calcium and magnesium ions generate soluble cyclic chelate and keep inactive, and the reaction process is as follows:
⑤ copper sulfate and ethylenediamine chelate to form copper amine chelate, and the toxicity of ethylenediamine disappears, inorganic copper as phytosome basic blue is converted intoorganic chelated copper to improve the permeability of cytoplasmic membrane, copper is the active group of polyphenol oxidase, lactase and ascorbic acid oxidase, can promote the formation of melanin of azotobacter chroococcum to promote nitrogen fixation, and the copper amine chelate solution has bactericidal effect.
⑥ the ammonium molybdate dissolves and acidifies with phosphate ion to form heteropolyanion- [ PO [ -]4MO2O36〕3 -Hexavalent molybdate ion (MO)7O24 6+) Hybridization with phosphate radical ions into negative trivalent anions improves the permeable utilization of plant cytoplasmic membranes to molybdenum and promotes rootsAnd (5) fixing nitrogen in tumors.
⑦ the EDTA is chelated with part of free metal ions to generate corresponding EDTA-Mn, because of the existence of chelated manganese, the plants can not lose green and increase the spots due to manganese deficiency, and the manganese can promote the respiration and oxidation-reduction reaction of the plants, which is beneficial to the yield increase of the crops.
The metal ion is combined with a macrocyclic chelator to provide micronutrients- -metal ions- -to the plant growth system. And can automatically and slowly release a certain concentration of metal ions for the plants to absorb in a long period of time. This is the second feature of the present invention.
And seventhly, the glucose, the sucrose and the vitamin C have nutrition, regulation, activation and protection effects on the plants.
The end products of aerobic degradation of glucose and sucrose in plants are carbon dioxide and water, with the production of intermediates that make up cellular material and the large amount of energy necessary to sustain biological vital activities. Provide the ribose sugarsrequired to make up the nucleic acid, as well as the prosthetic ribose sugars of many enzymes. The sugar can form protein containing sugar and glycolipid containing sugar in plant body, effectively regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio in plant body, and promote plant growth.
The increase of sugar content in the plant body is beneficial to the increase of cellulose and pectin which form plant cell walls, so that the cell walls are thickened, the cells are hard, the swelling pressure of the cell walls is increased, the plant grows robustly, and the waterlogging resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, flower and fruit retention effects of crops are improved.
Under the condition of drought, the ATP and vitamin C contents in crops can be rapidly reduced, flower buds and differentiation are hindered, vitamin C is hexose anion containing six carbon atoms, the hexose anion takes antelope enzyme coenzyme as a main component, the function of the hexose anion is to promote the formation of collagen, and the development of the flower buds and differentiation of the crops under the condition of short-term drought can be ensured.
Eighthly, the pyridoxine hydrochloride, the cobalamin, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the sodium benzoate and the auxiliary substance triethyl phosphate in the invention have the following functions after being compounded:
① pyridoxine hydrochloride forms pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate in plants, both of which are important coenzymes in biological reactions, and performs vital activities.
② dissolving cobalamin is to better promote the activation of the crop enzyme, prevent the destruction of indoleacetic acid, promote the growth of cells, and promote a certain stage of ATP synthesis reaction which is an effective energy source, so that the growth and respiration of flower buds of pollen can be remarkablyexerted.
③ sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is wetting dispersant, and is easier to penetrate plant cells than water soluble substance, and the nutrient substance can diffuse.
④ dissolving sodium dodecyl sulfate, and adding high-quality plant growth regulator triethyl phosphate (C)2H5)3Po, the product of the invention has the function of a defoaming agent.
⑤ sodium benzoate can inhibit the growth of fungi in soil, and is a nutrient for aerobic azotobacter at low concentration.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the results of years of experiments show that the fertilizer has the yield increasing effect of promoting the development of crop roots, the robustness of stems and leaves, flowers, seeds and fruits and the full weight increase of crops; can improve the anti-stress functions of drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, cold resistance, sterilization and disease resistance of crops: can improve and enhance the quality of crops.
The data with comparative statistics show that the yield increasing effect of the invention is at the leading level of like products. The actual effect of the invention is illustrated by the section of 'Huanongfeng (the name of the test product of the invention)' Huanongfeng 'of the research on the yield-increasing effect of winter wheat by Fengyoubao and Fengyoubao in the research on the crop breeding and cultivation of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences in 11 months 1994', and the following parts of the original text are extracted:
"one, yield results and analysis of variance:
the wheat yield per mu after spraying the Huanongfeng, the Fengbao and the Fenggao foliar fertilizers is 461.9kg, 449.57kg and 449.53kg respectively, and the control yield per mu without spraying the foliar fertilizer is 419.05 kg. … …
TABLE 1 yield increasing effect of different foliar fertilizers on winter wheat
……
… … the analysis of variance with the unit of acre yield of the plot shows that the yield of the applied three foliar fertilizers is increased by comparison. The Chinese farm bumper increases the yield by 10.23 percent and reaches an extremely obvious level; the yield of the spaying agent and the foison agent is increased by 7.05 percent and 7 percent respectively to reach a remarkable level compared with the control (Table 2).
TABLE 2 analysis of variance of different foliar fertilizer yield increasing effects
| Treatment of | Cell output (kilogram) | ||
| Heavy and heavy Complex and complex average One two three | Bick | ||
| Increase and decrease + - | ％ | ||
| Hua nong Feng Spraying device Fengshoubao for harvesting CK (Water) | 4.75 4.80 5.00 4.85 4.68 4.65 4.80 4.71 4.65 4.85 4.65 4.72 4.43 4.50 4.28 4.40 | +0.45 10.23 +0.31 7.05 +0.32 7.27 --- | |
| LSD0.05 LSD0.01 | 0.25 0.37 | ||
… … "further according to the second study on the usage of winter wheat by Huanongfeng:
and thirdly, the three-time spraying of the fertilizer has a very obvious effect of increasing the yield of wheat by one treatment of three times of spraying of seedlings, seedling and irrigation and spraying of irrigation, wherein the yield of the wheat is increased by 100.95 kilograms and 24.77 percent compared with the control per mu. "
In the report, the yield increasing effects of spraying and harvesting of three foliar fertilizers after multiple occurrences are evaluated to be inan obvious standard, and the yield increasing effects of Huanongfeng are in an extremely obvious level.
According to the record of the test result reported by the agricultural and forestry bureau soil and fertilizer management workstation of Tianjin city of 11-23-11-2001 in the comparison test of the 'Chinese tefengsu pengbuli' (the name of the test product of the invention) on the using effect of the 'Chinese cabbage', … … of the invention is beneficial to the growth of plants, and the results show that the color of leaves is deepened, the growth speed is accelerated, the obvious yield increasing effect is achieved, and the yield increasing level of similar products is achieved. "" … … yield case:
cell throughput<kg>
From the above statistical analysis it follows that: the yield of Chinese cabbage is increased by 1665 kg when the Chinese cabbage is applied with Toufengsu mu, and the yield of Chinese cabbage is increased by 1365 kg when the Chinese cabbage is applied with ferment bacterial manure, and the yield of Chinese cabbage is increased by 23.6% … ….
Detailed Description
The various substances referred to in the present examples are calculated in parts by weight and are metered in per part by weight as 1 kg. The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in terms of its operating steps as follows:
preparation of biological solvent I: the traditional solid vinegar making process is adopted, 10kg of dried sweet potatoes, 22kg of bran, 4kg of yeast, 0.3kg of sodium chloride, 0.2kg of protease and 5kg of bran koji are taken, 25kg of water is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred and steamed, and 15kg of water is added after the steaming, so thatthe solvent I with the total acidity not lower than 5% is obtained.
Preparation of biological solvent II: mixing weathered coal 1kg, soda 0.1kg and water 10kg, boiling, decocting with slow fire for 10-20 min, standing for 12 hr, and collecting dark brown liquid to obtain solvent II containing sodium humate 1-1.5%.
Preparation of biological solvent III: peeling Bulbus Allii, grinding into 2kg pulp, adding 1kg mixed solution of ethanol and acetic acid with pH of 4, soaking Bulbus Allii pulp in the mixed solution by extraction method, and percolating at percolation rate of 3-5ml/min to obtain solvent III.
And (3) adding 35 kg of biological solvent I into the reaction kettle, and then respectively adding 0.1kg of biological solvent II and 15.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Dissolving 6 kg of sucrose in 10kg of solvent I for later use; 2kg of boric acid is taken, 8 kg of water is added, 0.1kg of glycerol is added after boiling, and the mixture is put into a reaction kettle after stirring. 0.4 kg of copper sulfate is taken, 0.6 kg of water is added to be dissolved, 0.02 kg of ethylenediamine is added to be stirred, and then the mixture is added into a reaction kettle. 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate is dissolved in 0.4 kg of water for standby, 0.7 kg of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 1kg of water and then is put into the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution together with 0.1kg of citric acid and is stirred uniformly, and when precipitates exist, about 0.3kg of ammonia water is slowly added and is continuously stirred until no precipitate exists. 0.01 kg of magnesium sulfate is taken, 0.02 kg of water is added to dissolve the magnesium sulfate, 0.03 kg of vitamin C is added to the magnesium sulfate to be stirred, and then the mixture of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution and magnesium sulfate is added to a reaction kettle after being stirred. 5kg of glucose is added into the mixed solution of sucrose and solvent and is put into a reaction kettle. 0.3kg of zinc sulfate, 1kg of biological solvent I and 0.2kg of citric acid are taken, stirred, added with 0.05 kg of sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and 0.1kg of water solution, stirred and put into a reaction kettle. 15 portions of urea are put into a reaction kettle in a public hall. 0.3kg of manganese sulfate is dissolved in 0.5 kg of water and then put into a reaction kettle. 0.02 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.04 kg of water are added to be dissolved and then put into a reaction kettle. Dissolving 0.002 kg of the dinamine in 0.01 kg of water, and then putting the dissolved dinamine into a reaction kettle. 0.8 kg of thiamine, 0.5 kg of nicotinamide and 0.5 kg of pyridoxine are respectively taken and put into a reaction kettle. 0.03 kg of sodium benzoate is taken, 0.01 of water is added into a public hall to be dissolved, and then the mixture is put into a reaction kettle. 0.6 kg of gluconic acid is taken, added with 1kg of water, 0.03 kg of zinc carbonate and 0.05 kg of water solution, stirred and then put into a reaction kettle. 0.05 kg of biological solvent III, 0.07 kg of calcium sulfate and 0.1kg of water solution are added into a reaction kettle. 0.02 kg of triethyl phosphate and 0.05 kg of water are taken and added into 0.04 kg of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.05 kg of water solution, and then the mixture is stirred and put into a reaction kettle. The above materials are fully reacted and mixed in a reaction kettle, and then slag is removed to obtain about 100 kg of the product of the invention.
Claims (2)
1, foliar spray fertilizer mainly comprising biological raw materials, which is characterized by consisting of the following substances (in parts by weight): biological solvent I48-56, urea 15-16, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-16, sucrose 6-6.5, glucose 4-6, boric acid 2-3, ammonium molybdate 0.5-1, thiamine 0.5-1, nicotinamide 0.5-1, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.3-0.5, copper sulfate 0.3-0.5, citric acid 0.3-0.5, zinc sulfate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulfate 0.2-0.3, ferrous sulfate 0.2-0.3, biological solvent II0.08-0.1, biological solvent III0.03-0.05, sodium benzoate 0.03-0.05, phosphoric acid 0.01-0.03, vitamin C0.01-0.03, sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.01-0.03, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.02, trimeric 0.01-0.02, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 0.01-0.02, and cobalamin 0.001-0.002;
the biological solvent I is a solution prepared by taking 8-10 parts of dried potato, 20-25 parts of bran coat, 3-4 parts of yeast, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.5 part of protease, 4-5 parts of bran koji and 30-40 parts of water as raw materials;
the biological solvent II is a solution with the sodium humate content of 1-1.5 percent, which is prepared by 5-10 parts of weathered coal, 0.5-1 part of soda ash and 50-100 parts of water;
the biological solvent III contains allicinThe garlic syrup extract.
The spray-applied fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: also contains the following substances: 0.1-1 part of ammonia water, potassium chloride, calcium sulfate, glycerol, zinc carbonate and gluconic acid respectively; 0.01-0.05 part of potassium sulfate, triethyl phosphate and ethylenediamine respectively.
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