CN1389105A - Planar cocoon and its production process and planar notched plate special for producing planar cocoon - Google Patents
Planar cocoon and its production process and planar notched plate special for producing planar cocoon Download PDFInfo
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- CN1389105A CN1389105A CN 02135193 CN02135193A CN1389105A CN 1389105 A CN1389105 A CN 1389105A CN 02135193 CN02135193 CN 02135193 CN 02135193 A CN02135193 A CN 02135193A CN 1389105 A CN1389105 A CN 1389105A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a plate cocoon, method for producing plate cocoon and planar recessed grid plate for producing plate cocoon. Said method includes: (1) disinfecting silkworm nursery and silkworm-breeding equipment; (2). placing high-quality adult silkworm into spinning room; (3) placing the high-quality adult silkworm into the recessed grid respectively, every grid can receive one silkworm; (4) controlling external environmental condition: temp. is 23-24 deg.c, humidity is 70%, air flow speed 0.03-0.04 m/sec., and illumination intensity is 5-10 Lax, the bottom of every grid is equipped with liquor-discharge hole convenient for silkworm to excrete dung and urine. Said plate cocoon can be used for making warmth retention layer and can be used as raw material for making bullet-proof vest.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to silk industry production field, relate in particular to the method for a kind of plate cocoon and production plate cocoon and be exclusively used in the plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon.
Background technology
China is the place of origin of world's silk industry, and Chinese for a long time silkworm already is exactly the strong point of world agriculture economy, and Chinese silk silk fabric is in monopoly position always in the international market.Because the market of silk industry was better in recent years, impelled silk already to develop rapidly, scale is constantly expanded, and traditional silk goods will confront fierce competition, and it is saturated that market is tending towards, and especially after the China's entry into the WTO, competition is fierce more, and its price has downward trend.So start the new cocooning pattern of silkworm, change present common cocoon and produce single situation, become the main direction of research in the industry.
The tradition silkworm goes up a hill and weaves silk that used silkworm platform mostly is the paper cocooning frame that plain edition is placed vertically when cocooing, and the silk that comes of spuing is all cocoond and is the ellipsoid cocoon, promptly common cocoon, but not plate cocoon.
The patent No. is 88215038, application number is on October 12nd, 88, the day for announcing be 89 on September 20,, utility model name be called " plastic silkworming cocoon device " patent disclosure a kind of plastic silkworming cocoon device, its claim is: " plastic silkworming cocoon device that is different from ciliate desert-grass bunch and squared paper bunch and is similar to case outward is made up of bunch case and bunch sheet two parts; it is characterized in that: A, bunch case are grown the two sheet frame latch closures of lacking by two and formed; can arbitrarily fold, open, dismantle and assemble; inwall cluster frame, can adorn family's sheet on the frame; Have on B, bunch sheet to be suitable for the hole lattice that silkworm cocoons, the hole lattice can be circular, square, polygon, rhombus, honeycombed or the like shapes, and hole lattice area is 25cm
2, hole depth is 6cm.”
By retrieval and look into newly, plate cocoon produces and belongs to domestic blank at present, and especially large-scale industrialized production does not appear in the newspapers especially.Have only indivedual silkworms to tell into 2-3cm once in a while
2Plate cocoon, but can not be connected to become the natural plate cocoon of controlled area size naturally and go out of use.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of plate cocoon and production plate cocoon and be exclusively used in the plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon.
Plate cocoon production technology route: weaving silk cocoons is the instinct of silkworm, is that larva is to the adult transition and abnormal needs of pupating.Silk silkworm such as untimely weaving silk then can cause amino acid to poison and death.According to this characteristics and breeding characteristic, utilize bionics principle, make bionical plane concave grid, silkworm is felt in the cocoon shell, weaved silk, utilize simple eye habit and the breediness that has light sensation, oriented transparent place to weave silk of silkworm again, make it to weave silk to recessed compartment blank space, impel the face of weaving silk of every silkworm to link to each other simultaneously, add external condition and human factor, can make the wish of silkworm by people, the nature of directly weaving silk is formed plate cocoon.After pupating, silkworm after weaving silk stays naturally in the recessed lattice of concave grid.
A kind of plate cocoon is characterized in that, it is that many breeding matured silkworms are placed on the cocoon of weaving silk in the recessed lattice of plane concave grid respectively, silk is connected naturally and the plate cocoon width of cloth that forms.
A kind of method of producing plate cocoon, it comprises following step:
(1) silkworm room, disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing;
(2) the breeding matured silkworm room that advances to weave silk;
It is characterized in that:
(3) many breeding matured silkworms are put into the recessed lattice of plane concave grid respectively, each recessed lattice is put a silkworm; Dead silkworm is in time eliminated, changed, the recessed lattice of disappearance are in time mended silkworm;
(4) environmental externality condition control: temperature: 22～25 ℃; Relative moisture 68～75%; Air draught: 0.03～0.04 meter per second, reduce CO
2, CO, NH
3, SO
2Bad air; Light: take disperse light in the silkworm room, hand over the nature slightly bright with daytime, that night is dark, intensity of illumination 5～10Lax; The space: matured silkworm whenever tells a square metre of area will 2 * 1 * 2.5m
3The space.
Method according to above-mentioned production plate cocoon, it is characterized in that: described breeding silkworm can be cultivated by the following method: select for use existing white breeding silkworm cyanines pine and hybridization of breeding silkworm bright moon and reciprocal cross to obtain cyanines pine bright moon kind, again seed selection, purification and rejuvenation then, obtain new cyanines pine bright moon, carry out stock breeding then and obtain white breeding silkworm.
According to the method for described production plate cocoon, it is characterized in that: described breeding silkworm can be cultivated by the following method: select existing natural colored cocoon silkworm C for use
158With colored cocoon silkworm silkworm raiser 16 hybridization and reciprocal crosss thereof, and carry out purifying, stock breeding obtains natural colored breeding silkworm.
According to the method for described production plate cocoon, it is characterized in that: silkworm room, disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing are selected formalin lime white sterilization for use; In the described environmental condition control, temperature is 23～24 ℃, and relative moisture is 70%.
A kind of plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon that is exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: comprising: plate body has a plurality of recessed lattice that are concave curved surface in the plate body.
According to the above-mentioned plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon that is exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: the recessed lattice bottom design in the plate body has outage.
According to the described plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon that is exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: the curved surface of described recessed lattice rotates half ellipsoid that forms for ellipse around major axis; Long axis of ellipse is 25～30mm, and oval minor axis is 12～20m; Described recessed lattice center distance 90～120mm.
According to the described plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon that is exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: the curved surface of described recessed lattice is half sphere; Spherical diameter is 28～30mm.
According to the described plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon that is exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: the material selection plastics of described plane concave grid; The two ends of described plate body have been designed tenon and tongue-and-groove respectively, and are fixedly connected by tenon, tongue-and-groove between the plate body.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
Advantage: will have the weave silk breeding matured silkworm of characteristic of plane and be placed on the cocoon of weaving silk in the recessed lattice of the bionical concave grid of polymer, and make silk connect into the plate cocoon width of cloth naturally, and not need filature to weave and form the cocoon sheet of the needed specific standard of people.Compare with traditional cocooning mode, have following advantage:
1, cocooning tool simplification, saving, directly perceived do not need filature to make operation, form the natural silk product.
2, after the dull and stereotyped cocoon results, can obtain fresh and alive silkworm chrysalis, be the important source material of silkworm chrysalis pollution-free food.Utilize the living silkworm chrysalises inoculation to cultivate silkworm chrysalis Cordyceps sinensis, can cultivate extremely precious traditional Chinese medicine.Silkworm sloughs off and is important traditional Chinese medicine simultaneously.Common cocoon is because silk reeling technology obtains mostly being dead pupa, and the common cocoon of the pupa that obtains living is destroyed owing to the cocoon shell, how can not filature and waste.
3, sensitive paper is opened and equally is convenient to packed and transported and storage.And pupa is arranged in the common cocoon, thereby be afraid of extruding, fearness pollution.
4, can be used as warm-up liner, warming layer, the winter protection protection against the tide, permeability is good, compares with existing warm-up plastic film bundle hole to be as far apart as heaven and earth.
5, can be used for war industry, as the material of flak jackets.When number layer plane cocoon laminates through certain technology, not only have elasticity but also fire-retardant, utmost point shock resistance, and shortage in weight 2000g, be the excellent materials of making flak jackets.The burnt shape thing that the impact shell hole of very high strength forms is infected wound not, and can stop wound further to infect.
6, can make high-grade handicraft, high-grade rice paper drawing, embroidery, decoration etc.
7, the development and use for natural colored cocoon silkworm kind kinds such as (orange, pink) pale green provide the broad space.Because the pigment of natural colored cocoon mainly is present in the middle of the silk gum, the silk reeling technology of common cocoon has destroyed natural colouring matter and has lost meaning.
This shows that the good numerous and industrialization development of extraordinary cocoon silkworm seems particularly important.She has created brand-new battalion's silkworm pattern, has opened up the emerging field in the strong industry, is the development in pluralism of the following silkworm industry condition that provides the foundation, and its purpose, meaning will be huge and far-reaching.
Industrialization prospect: this technology will make the silkworm raiser more time saving and energy saving after implementing, and the income that makes silk cocoon simultaneously improves the silk cocoon output value more than 10～50 times under the prerequisite that does not enlarge silkworm and mulberry, cultivating castor-oil plant area and silkworm breed scale, even higher income.Plate cocoon is beneficial to the standardization of silkworm industry, internationalization is produced, and on domestic, the international market extremely is sold well, and supply falls short of demand.Domestic at present, international market plate cocoon has only order and does not have the source of goods, and its common cocoon price is 10 yuan/500g, and 1 square metre of dull and stereotyped silk heavily is no more than 150g, and price is more than 100 yuan, and the colored cocoon kind is worth then higher.This shows that the plate cocoon industrialization prospect is very wide.
Plate cocoon makes the foundation of flak jackets:
1, the size of cocoon filament is thin, and is strong behind the twisted;
2, Qiang Shenli is good, with the steel wire of equivalent diameter identical numerical value is arranged;
3, has insulating properties;
4, certain anti-flammability is arranged.
Plate cocoon makes the foundation of warm-up:
1, silk light specific gravity, all lighter than cotton, fiber crops, Mao Sanda native fiber, more be lower than staple fibre.
2, owing to include a large amount of air in the silk, so thermal conductivity factor is low, specific heat is high, good heat preservation performance both had been suitable for summer, was suitable for winter again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a plate cocoon production technology process flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the disinfection on silkworm rearing flow chart.
Fig. 3 is exclusively used in the plane concave grid front view of producing plate cocoon.
Fig. 4 is the A-A profile of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the B-B profile of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Plate cocoon production technology process of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
1, the plane breeding silkworm that weaves silk is cultivated:
(1) common (white) plane breeding silkworm that weaves silk is cultivated:
The cyanines pine obtains cyanines pine bright moon with bright moon hybridization and reciprocal cross thereof, and seed selection again then, purification and rejuvenation obtain new cyanines pine bright moon, carry out stock breeding then and obtain white breeding silkworm.The present invention also can directly select existing breeding silkworm for use.
New cyanines pine bright moon breediness:
The newly-hatched silkworm pitchy has fugitiveness, and the young silkworm phototaxis and the close property that becomes are strong.Nibble that mulberry is active each age, moultinism is fast, handle easily.It is active to play silkworm, and fugitiveness is strong.
Big colour of silkworm body is pure white, common speckle, and the silkworm body is big and solid.The close property that becomes is strong, and is easily intensive in heaps.First feeding 1-3 solar eclipse in 5 ages mulberry is slow, begins to eat mulberry on the 4th and increases and speed, and 5-6 solar eclipse mulberry is not only much but also more violent.5 the length of time moisture resistance poor.
Matured silkworm is neat, it is fast to weave silk.Under the special environment condition (as low temperature etc.), being beneficial to and telling dull and stereotyped silk, the cocoon area is big and neat and well spaced, and the cocoon look pure white.
(2) natural colored (orange, pink, emerald green etc.) plate cocoon silkworm prevalent variety cultivation:
Silkworm C
158: from the improved seeds of the natural colored cocoon silkworm of overseas introduction.
The silkworm raiser 16: the farm variety of local natural colored cocoon silkworm.
Silkworm C
158Obtain new varieties with silkworm raiser's 16 hybridization and reciprocal cross thereof, and carry out purifying, carry out stock breeding then and obtain natural colored cocoon silkworm breeding.
This natural colored breeding breediness:
This kind has output, output value height, and the characteristics that silk quality is excellent, disease resistance is strong are suitable for raising in Shandong area spring, middle late fall.Each province, the Huanghe valley can make the dual-purpose breed in spring and autumn.
2, the plane concave grid is made:
Utilize bionics principle and the control of the external environment condition when silkworms spin silk, can make silk connect into the plate cocoon width of cloth naturally, do not need filature to weave and form the plate cocoon sheet of the needed specific standard of people.
Because the pigment of natural colored cocoon mainly is present in the middle of the silk gum, the silk reeling technology of common cocoon has destroyed natural colouring matter and has lost meaning, and present technique is that natural colored cocoon silkworm kind kinds such as (orange, pink) pale green development and use provide the broad space.
The present invention has started the new way that the cocoon flat board is weaved silk, and Chinese silk is already opened up new development space, seeks new market, has great reality and far-reaching significance.
It is the principle of building ellipsoid cocoon shell when utilizing bionics principle and matured silkworm to weave silk that plate cocoon produces with the plane concave grid, and the silkworm plane required external environment condition of weaving silk is expanded the plate cocoon production plate that exploitation forms when open and flat to the cocoon shell.It mainly is a polymer plane concave grid, also can adopt papery plane concave grid.
Plane concave grid such as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, plane concave grid horizontal positioned is used.
The plane concave grid comprises: plate body, a plurality of recessed lattice 2 that are concave curved surface are arranged in the plate body, and recessed lattice 2 bottom design have outage 3, are convenient to silkworm and drain fecaluria.The two ends of plate body have been designed tenon 1 and tongue-and-groove 4 respectively, are fixedly connected into bigger plane concave grid by tenon, tongue-and-groove between the plate body.Also can take other known connected mode between the plate body, as grafting, snapping, connecting plate connects, bolt connection etc.
The plate body plastics palpuses nontoxic, tasteless (plastics are advisable with polyethylene) of plane concave grid, planar section is the not exclusively transparent body of white, entire portion is wanted lubricious no hair side, add external environment condition control, the silk that makes cocoon sensation amenity only tell plane on the recessed lattice gets final product, perforation is wanted in the concave grid bottom, in order to draining fecaluria.Whole recessed lattice part is dark than the planar section color.Scheme can be: recessed lattice partly adopt pigment spraying or recessed lattice partly to add the pigment mixed injection molding.
The recessed lattice long axis of ellipse of plane concave grid shown in Figure 3 is vertically disposed, also can be transversely arranged or arranged askew or mixing.
Recessed lattice shape is by ellipsoid equation: X
2/ a
2+ y
2/ b
2+ Z
2/ C
21/2 of=1 represented curved surface decides.
Here get
For setting the recessed lattice equation of concave grid.
Promptly expression is by the ellipse on the XOY plane
1/2 of the ellipsoid that forms around Y-axis (major axis) rotation decides the shape that sets recessed lattice.A is that semi-minor axis, b are major semiaxis.
Elliptical shape can adopt following several: 2a (minor axis)=12mm, 2b (major axis)=25mm, its suitable corpusculum silkworm; 2a=18mm, 2b=30mm (the best), effect is best, is fit to arbitrarily big young silkworm; 2a=20mm, 2b=30mm are fit to individual big silkworm.
It is the hemicycle spherical shape of 28mm～30mm that the recessed lattice of plane concave grid also can adopt diameter, and it is fit to the good silkworm of all ontogeny.
Described recessed lattice center distance is 90～120mm.Outage 3 shapes of the recessed lattice of plane concave grid bottom can be circular hole, or elliptical aperture.The diameter of circular hole is 1.5mm, the major axis 2b=1.5mm of elliptical aperture, minor axis 2a=1.2mm.
Plane concave grid thickness: 3mm, the edge is 4mm.The tenon 1 at plate two ends, tongue-and-groove 4 are 40 * 40mm.
The present invention also can adopt common pure flat plastic board to carry out the plane to weave silk.Method isoplanar concave grid, different is that silkworm will be put evenly (the same concave grid of specification) pure flat moulding on the plate, all the other conditions are identical, the out-of-plane of can weaving silk, the exarate pupa nature bulk storage of formation is on plate cocoon.The advantage of the method: reduce investment outlay.Shortcoming: easily form the pollution of silkworm faeces urine or the silkworm that dies of illness and pollute plate cocoon, the silkworm pupation rate is low.
3, disinfection on silkworm rearing
All places of supporting silkworm as all apparatus and surrounding environment such as ground, wall, roof and the rearing instrument of silkworm room, a small bundle of straw, etc. for silkworms to spin cocoons on chamber, nests, all have pathogene to exist, and some pathogene can be lived for a long time under field conditions (factors).This pathogene that carries over, operation, activity by the keeper, the carrying of silkworm excrement and corpse, the flushing of rainwater is flowed, the flying upward of dust, and the food of domestic animals and fowls is drained down and is waited propagation everywhere, in case fall on mulberry leaf, silkworm body, silkworm room and the rearing instrument, by eat down, the routes of infection such as wound or body surface contact invade the silkworm body, will cause morbidity, so must thorough disinfection before breeding silkworms.
For improving Disinfection Effect, in disinfecting process, except that should pay attention to same period not, batch sterilization, " six want " accomplished in the sterilization specification requirement, promptly the silkworm room will be swept clearly, rearing instrument will be washed only, medicament will be joined accurately, soup will spray evenly, sterilization will disappear entirely, want Guan Deyan after disappearing.
(1) sterilisation step
Sterilization divides 4 steps, i.e. " sweep, two wash, three scrape, four disappear ".Preceding 3 prerequisites that step is thorough disinfection are swept, wash, are scraped to disappear and not only can eliminate big portion pathogene, and a large amount of pathogene that adhere on silkworm room, the rearing instrument are fully come out, thereby improve Disinfection Effect.
The first step is swept.Carrying out general cleaning, especially silkworm excrement accumulation place around earlier in the silkworm room wants emphasis to sweep.Then various rearing instruments in the silkworm room are moved to outdoorly, indoorly carried out general cleaning.
In second step, clean.Rearing instrument moved in the flowing water scrub, fully be exposed to the sun in the cleaning place, with good conditionsi in the silkworm room, wall and ground are all clean with flushing with clean water, and door and window will be washed and wipe clean.
In the 3rd step, batten on extortions.Ground table soil and doorway, silkworm room appearance soil in the silkworm room are scraped off 3-4 centimetre, and changed new soil.Send out sick silkworm room and will wipe the wall skin off.
The 4th step, sterilization.Advocate twice sterilization.Sterilization for the first time.The silkworm room wall whitewashes one time with 20% lime white, and rearing instrument is placed in the 2% lime white sterilization pool and soaked 30 minutes, pulls out and dries; Sterilization for the second time; Rearing instrument is moved into the silkworm room, and the silkworm room rearing instrument carries out disinfection with medicine.The fragmentary capable scalding of young silkworm tool, or with the capable steam sterilization of food steamer.The sterilization in place on every side can be arranged in for the first time to be carried out after the sterilization.Sequence of sterilization as shown in Figure 2.
(2) disinfectant commonly used and sterilization method
A, the sterilization of bleaching powder clarified solution
(A) bleaching powder proterties: bleaching powder is a white powder, and the penetrating odor of chlorine is arranged.Main component is a calcium hypochlorite, also is mixed with slaked lime, calcium chloride etc.Generally contain available chlorine about 30%.It mainly is a calcium hypochlorite generation hypochlorous acid soluble in water to the killing action of pathogene, and hypochlorous acid has strong oxidation to pathogene, makes the pathogene protein denaturation lose pathogenecity.Its solution is alkalescence, this burn into of cause of disease can be dissolved.
(B) sterilization objects: pathogene such as virus, bacterium, fungi and particulate spore are all had powerful disinfection force.
(C) scope of application: silkworm room and peripheral environment
(D) disinfection standard: 1% bleaching powder clarified solution, per 100 meters
2With 22.5 kilograms of (1000 chis of soup
2With 25 kilograms, annotate: chi, for chi, down with)
(E) soup preparation: measure the bleaching powder available chlorine content earlier, calculate by following formula again:
As the bleaching powder available chlorine content is 25%, be made into 1% bleaching fluid, adds 25 kilograms in water by 1 kilogram of bleaching powder.During preparation, elder generation bleaching powder furnishing pasty state, adds whole clear water with a small amount of clear water again, fully stirs the back and covers, and static 1-2 hour, gets its clarified solution use.
(F) sterilization method: silkworm room, rearing instrument are all sterilized with atomizer spray.Close the doors and windows behind the spray medicine, keep moistening.
(G) points for attention: use before bleaching powder uses and measure effective chlorine density.Thimerosal is now with the current.It is thoughtful comprehensively that the spray medicine is wanted, and dose is wanted foot, and the sterilization back keeps moistening more than 30 minutes.Under daylight, do not sterilize.Needn't use flushing with clean water again after the sterilization.Bleaching powder is corrosive to metal, fiber-like article.Bleaching powder lost efficacy easily, and the time spent should not be placed on low temperature drying, dark place sealing is preserved.
B, lime white sterilization
(A) lime proterties: new fresh lime (quicklime) is the canescence lump, and main component is a calcium oxide.Add Powdered calcium hydroxide (white lime) after water or the moisture absorption, its composition is a slaked lime, is strong basicity.Slaked lime solvability in water is very low, so the limewash disinfection force is little.And the mixed erosion of lime white liquid can keep its strong basicity, and polyhedron and virus are had strong killing action.But slaked lime is easy to absorb carbon dioxide in air, generates the calcium carbonate of no disinfective action.
(B) sterilization objects: virus is had stronger killing action, other pathogene are not had disinfection effect.
(C) scope of application: silkworm room and environment disinfected etc.
(D) disinfection standard: silkworm room, disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing 2% lime white, per 100 meters
2With 22.5 kilograms of (1000 chis of muddy liquid
2) with 25 kilograms.
(E) soup preparation: earlier quicklime is added aquation and open (per 10 kilograms of quicklimes slowly add the about 4-5 kilogram of water) and become pulverized limestone, the back of sieving claims the powder preparation, adds 2 kilograms of pulverized limestones in per 100 kg of water, after fully stirring 2% lime white.
(F) sterilization method: but the silkworm room spray disinfectant.Disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing can flood in lime white 10 minutes, took out and preserved moisture 30 minutes, dried standby at last.
(G) points for attention: must use new fresh lime.Muddy liquid is used in sterilization, will constantly stir in the sterilization, prevents lime precipitation.
C, the mould lime white sterilization of enemy's spore
(A) enemy's spore mould proterties: oppose spore mould be institute of Shandong Province silkworm section and Shanghai pesticide research in 1 breeding disinfactant for silkworm of nineteen eighty-three cooperating research success.Its former powder is a kind of phosphorus-containing compound, and pure product are the white powder solid, and are water insoluble, and is little in the solvability of common organic solvents.Through the special colloidal suspending agent of being processed into, contain effective ingredient 30%, can become suspension to be used for sterilization with the water diluted mixture.Enemy's spore mouldly has good stability, advantages such as lasting effect is long, working concentration is low, dosage is few, safety, cheapness, and result of use is good.
(B) sterilization objects: spore is mould that sick spore of deadlock and particulate protozoon spore are all had good disinfection efficacy for the enemy, and bacterial pathogen is also had good inhibitory effect.Mix use with lime white.Virus there is strong killing action.
(C) scope of application: sterilize with lime white.
(D) disinfection standard: the mould lime white of 1% enemy's spore, per 100 meters
2Silkworm room, 22.5 kilograms of soups of rearing instrument surface area.
(E) soup preparation: get 1 bottle of this product, pour into after shaking up in 50 kilograms of clear water, add 0.5 kilogram of new fresh lime again, stir.
(F) sterilization method: silkworm room, rearing instrument spraying disinfection, keep 30 minutes moistening, the dipping sterilization of young silkworm apparatus; Take out after half an hour and dry.
(G) points for attention: must wear masks during the spray medicine, prevent food down, in order to avoid cause poisoning; Wash one's hands with soap, wash one's face behind the spray medicine, soup is pleasing to the eye must to be washed 15 minutes by water.Enemy's spore is mould lamination sometimes in put procedure, shake up during use to get final product, and performance is constant.Other are sterilized with lime white.
D, formalin lime white sterilization (best sterilization)
(A) formalin proterties: formalin is the aqueous solution of formaldehyde, is faintly acid, generally contains formaldehyde 35-40%.Can emit the formaldehyde gas of special odor at normal temperatures, eye and respiratory mucosa are had the strong impulse effect.Under high temperature, low temperature or high light, polymerization can take place, generate the white precipitate yuban, sterilizing power will descend.It mainly is that formaldehyde can make the sex change of pathogene protein coagulating to the killing action of pathogene.
(B) sterilization objects: formalin all has strong killing action to the pathogene of most of flacheries.Poor slightly for mind-intesting cytoplasmic polyhedrosis polyhedron and aspergillus conidia effect.After adding new fresh lime, can improve Disinfection Effect to the mind-intesting cytoplasmic polyhedrosis cause of disease.
(C) scope of application: the silkworm room that airtight condition is good, a small bundle of straw, etc. for silkworms to spin cocoons on chamber, storeroom of mulberry leaf, and be put in various rearing instruments in the silkworm room.
(D) disinfection standard: 2% formalin, 1% lime white.Per 100 meters
2With 22.5 kilograms of soups.
(E) soup preparation: calculate by following formula:
The formalin original liquid concentration generally calculates by 36%, and the substitution formula equals 17 times.For simplicity, generally without formula, both 1 kilogram of formalin stoste added 17 kilograms in water, added 1 kilogram of pulverized limestone by 100 kilograms of formalin solutions that prepare then, stirred.
(F) sterilization method: silkworm room spraying disinfection.Rearing instrument spraying, dipping sterilization.
(G) points for attention: made up a prescription the same day, used up the same day.Close the doors and windows 1 round the clock behind the spray medicine, 24 ℃ of (75) temperature of indoor maintenance are more than at least 5 hours.This medicine has pungent taste, and disinfect personnel will wear a gas mask or cover mouth and nose with wet towel.Formalin has precipitation, can add a small amount of alkaline matter (as soda ash, lime, ash) depolymerization reduction back and use.Other are sterilized with lime white.
E, the anti-dissipation (or Puritabs lime white sterilization
(A) the anti-dissipation and the Babysafe proterties: anti-dissipation main component is the isocyanide dichloride uric acid, and Babysafe is an isocyanide dichloride uric acid sodium, is white with powder; Available chlorine content, the former is 70-71%, and the latter is 60-64.5%, and dense chlorine flavor is arranged, and seasoning is stable, is slightly soluble in water, is soluble in alkaline solution.The same bleaching powder of sterilization mechanism.
(B) sterilization objects: same Eusol.
(C) scope of application: same Eusol.
(D) disinfection standard: 1% anti-dissipation the (or Puritabs, 1% lime white.Per 100 meters
2With 22.5 kilograms of muddy liquid.
(E) soup preparation: 1 kilogram of anti-dissipation of adding in 100 kilograms of clear water (or Puritabs, add 1 kilogram of fresh pulverized limestone again, stir.
(F) sterilization method: silkworm room, rearing instrument be with muddy liquid spraying disinfection, keep behind the spray medicine 30 minutes moistening.
(G) points for attention: consult bleaching powder and lime white points for attention
F, formaldehyde fumigant Smudging sterilizing
(A) formaldehyde fumigant proterties: formaldehyde fumigant is solid polyformaldehyde and benzoic acid, salicylic mixture, be faint yellow crystallization, solid formaldehyde content 60%, have strong formaldehyde pungent taste, moisture-sensitive is more stable at normal temperatures, the liquefaction of heating back, and then gasification, be a kind of fumigant, the same formalin of sterilization mechanism.
(B) sterilization objects: pathogene such as virus, bacterium, fungi and particulate spore all there is disinfective action, but poor slightly to bacillus and Aspergillus spore Disinfection Effect.
(C) scope of application: airtight silkworm room and the various rearing instruments (comprising metal apparatus and fabric) that are put in the silkworm room all can be in order to sterilizations.
(D) dosage: every meter
3Silkworm room volume dosage, silkworm room are stuck with paste 3 grams (i.e. 1000 chis of envelope with paper
3Medication 125 grams), stick with paste 3.75 gram (1000 chis of envelope without paper
3Medication 150 grams), indoor rearing instrument needn't add dose in addition.
(E) points for attention: the stove firepower will be controlled.Firepower is too small, can not be gasified totally, and influences Disinfection Effect; Firepower is prosperous excessively, and medicine is caught fire, and loses disinfective action.Sterilize preceding silkworm room to mend wet, to improve Disinfection Effect.Room temperature keeps 24 ℃ more than 5 hours during sterilization.Article such as rearing instrument will be maked somebody a mere figurehead, and prevent to pile up.Rearing instrument will keep fire away, in case fire.Every pot of dose is no more than 250 grams, and dose will divide the pot fumigation of heating for a long time.
G, No. 2 (antibacterial agent 402) sterilizations of anti-stiff spirit
(A) No. 2 proterties of anti-stiff spirit: anti-stiff spirit is a bactericide containing sulphur No. 2, is the derivative of allicin, and its active ingredient is s-Z base-Z base thiosulfonic acid fat.Pure product are water white grease, have garlic smell, and the alkali decomposition failure is met in volatilization easily, also easily decomposes in high temperature.No. 2, commercially available anti-stiff spirit accounts for 80% emulsion for active ingredient.Pathogene is with after anti-stiff spirit contacts for No. 2, causes dysbolism and causes death.
(B) sterilization objects: fungi there is good killing effect, but invalid to particulate spore, virus and polyhedron.
(C) accommodation: be used for silkworm room, disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing, also can be used for silkworm body, disinfection of rearing bed.
(D) soup preparation: 10 milliliters of No. 2, commercially available anti-box spirits, add 15 kilograms in water, stir.
(E) sterilization method: sterilize with atomizer spray.Close the doors and windows after the spray, keep moistening more than 30 minutes.
(F) points for attention: the medicine high volatility, should be now with the current.Can not mix mutually with alkaline matter, in order to avoid decomposition failure.Because virus is invalid, spray also needed to sterilize with lime white in 1-2 days after drinking.
H, the sterilization of steam kitchen range
(A) sterilization objects: utilize the high temperature of steam to make the sex change of pathogene protein coagulating and death.To pathogene such as virus, white muscardine fungi, Aspergillus, bacterial spore and toxin thereof, particulate spores, good killing action is arranged all.
(B) accommodation: various bamboo, the wooden rearing instruments and the silkworm net of grass system.
(C) soup standard and sterilization method: the silkworm plaque is placed vertically without exception during sterilization, and steam is seen through easily.Close the intensification of kitchen range door after filling rearing instrument, 100 ℃ of kitchen range Nei Wenduda also keep more than half an hour.As do not reach 100 ℃, add an amount of formalin in the kettle in can kitchen range (press the steam kitchen range and store every meter
3Add 1 milliliter), temperature is raised to 88 ℃ more than half an hour like this, also can reach sterilisation purpose.Just can open kitchen range when treating below the temperature to 60 ℃ and take out rearing instrument.
(D) points for attention: rearing instrument should be placed on the place of having sterilized and dry after taking out from the sterilization kitchen range, prevents to pollute once more.
I, fragmentary little disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing
Plastic film sprays one by one with 1% Eusol or floods, and keep 30 minutes moistening, erase water droplet after the sterilization.Little rearing instruments such as goose feather, giant silkworm net, silkworm chopsticks can be put in the food steamer and steam 30 minutes, dry after coming out of steamer.Little rearing instruments such as chopped leaves of mulberry cutter, silkworm chopsticks also can boil in pot 20 minutes, will dry after taking the dish out of the pot.
(3) quality inspection of main disinfectant
For guaranteeing sterilisation quality, sterilization will be carried out quality inspection to disinfectant in the past.Easily the quality inspection method of several main disinfectants that lost efficacy is as follows.
A, mensuration bleaching powder available chlorine content can adopt the potassium iodide determination method.
(A) measuring principle: bleaching powder plays oxidation with potassium iodide and the iodine that discharges in acid solution, come titration with the sodium thiosulfate titer again, according to the amount that spends the sodium thiosulfate titer, calculates available chlorine content in the bleaching powder.1 milliliter of 0.1N sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to 0.00354 gram chlorine.For convenience of calculation, sodium thiosulfate is made into 0.282N, then 1 milliliter of 0.282N sodium thiosulfate titer is equivalent to 0.01 gram chlorine.
(B) preparation of mensuration reagent:
A, 0.282N sodium thiosulfate standard solution: get sodium thiosulfate (Na
2s
2O
35H
2O) 69.99 grams are dissolved in water into 1000 milliliters with volumetric flask.
B, potassium iodide: commercially available potassium iodide (KI) is directly used.
C, glacial acetic acid: commercial ice vinegar (CH
3COOH) directly use.
D, starch indicator: get soluble starch 1 gram, add low amounts of water furnishing pasty state earlier, add warm water to 100 milliliter again, heating is boiled, and the cooling back adds a small amount of Sodium azide (NaN
3) anticorrosion.
(C) assay method:
Available chlorine content is measured in a, the bleaching powder: the bleaching powder that measure is accurately taken by weighing 1 gram, pour in the beaker, row a small amount of distilled water (or clear water) furnishing pasty state adds water 80-100 milliliter again and fully stirs, and adds potassium iodide 3 grams then and shakes up, and this moment, test solution was brown; Add 2-3 milliliter glacial acetic acid again, promptly be brownish red; 0.282N sodium thiosulfate liquid is packed in the dropper to zero place, carry out titration then.When test solution drips when being faint yellow, add starch indicator 2-3 and drip, test solution dropwise splashes into hypo solution more at leisure by the faint yellow blueness that becomes, up to become colourless till (terminal point).Shut buret stopcock.The sodium thiosulfate milliliter number that spends promptly is the available chlorine percentage in the tested bleaching powder.For example, spend 25 milliliters in sodium thiosulfate, then containing available chlorine in this bleaching powder is 25%.
Available chlorine content is measured in b, the Eusol: get and prepare 25 milliliters of Eusols, put into beaker, add potassium iodide 2-3 gram and glacial acetic acid 1-2 milliliter, use the 0.282N sodium thiosulfate solution titrated then, method is identical with said determination.Spend 42 milliliters in sodium sulphate as working sample, survey in this Eusol available chlorine content and can calculate by following formula:
＝1.68％
B, formalin content of formaldehyde are measured
A, measuring principle: a certain amount of standard iodine solution, in alkaline solution with a certain amount of test solution effect, formaldehyde is become formic acid by the iodine chlorination, and unnecessary iodine liquid dissociates out after acidifying, be that available sodium thiosulfate liquid comes titration, calculate content of formaldehyde (1 milliliter of 0.1N iodine solution is equivalent to 0.001501 gram formaldehyde) according to iodine liquid consumption.
(a) 0.1N iodine solution: get pure iodine (I
2) 12.69 grams, be dissolved in dense potassium iodide (KI) solution (20 gram potassium iodide are dissolved in the low amounts of water) earlier, treat that iodine all after the dissolving, is settled to 1000 milliliters with volumetric flask.
(b) 0.1N hypo solution: get sodium thiosulfate (Na
2S
2O
25H
2O) 24.8 grams are diluted to 1000 milliliters with the volumetric flask adding distil water.
(c) 1N sodium hydroxide solution: weighing sodium hydroxide 40 grams, be dissolved in water, be diluted to 1000 milliliters.
(d) 1N hydrochloric acid solution: get 80 milliliters of concentrated hydrochloric acids, slowly adding fills in the volumetric flask of distilled water, is settled to 1000 milliliters again.
(e) 1% starch indicator: measure with bleaching powder.
B, reagent are demarcated: get 25 milliliters of 0.1N iodine liquid, extremely colourless with hypo solution (0.1N) titration for preparing is terminal point, and the hypo solution consumption that record spends does not wait as the two consumption, and available following formula calculates the correct concentration of iodine liquid.
NI
2·VI
2＝NNa
2S
2O
3·VNa
2S
2O
3
NI
2·25＝0.1×24.8
NI
2＝0.0992
C, assay method: get 2.5 milliliters of formalin to be checked, put into 250 milliliters of volumetric flasks, add water to scale, mix.Draw 10 milliliters of this sample solutions, put into triangular flask, accurately add 0.1N iodine liquid and splash into 1N sodium hydroxide immediately for 40 milliliters, constantly shake bottle, up to liquid present faint yellow till.The milliliter number of the sodium hydroxide solution that record spends left standstill 10-15 minute, added the 1N hydrochloric acid solution than the 1N sodium hydroxide solution 1-2 of manying milliliter, made the solution acidifying.Unnecessary iodine dissociates out in the solution at this moment, presents pale brown look, uses the 0.1N sodium thiosulfate solution titrated again.Drip when test solution is faint yellow, add 1% starch indicator 2-3 and drip, promptly occur blue this moment, continues with sodium thiosulfate solution titrated (terminal point) till colourless again.The milliliter number of the hypo solution that record spends.From the iodine liquid that adds, deduct the amount of hypo solution.Spending sodium thiosulfate as working sample is 15.6 milliliters, is calculated as follows content of formaldehyde.
＝36.6％
=this product content of formaldehyde is qualified greater than 36%.
C, lime quality are measured
A, measuring principle: pulverized limestone is in put procedure, and active ingredient slaked lime absorbs the calcium carbonate that carbon dioxide in air becomes no disinfective action gradually.With hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate effect, according to the volume of the carbonic acid gas that discharges, adopt the volume comparison method to compare the content of charcoal acid calcium in the pulverized limestone, thereby determine the quality of pulverized limestone.
The installation of b, determinator: whole device is with rubber tube, glass tube connection.To note driving fit during installation, prevent gas leakage.
C, basis are now measured with the concentration disinfection force, and under the situation of allowing some leeway, calcium carbonate content is used less than 50% the sterilization of still can doing in the pulverized limestone.
4, the control of environmental externality condition is induced:
(1) temperature: 22～25 ℃, preferred 23～24 ℃, weave silk fast, silk production rate is high, silk quality good, but notes silkworm body health.
(2) humidity: relative moisture is 68-75%, preferred 70%.
(3) air and air-flow: be advisable with 0.03～0.04 meter per second air-flow, reduce CO
2, CO, NH
3, SO
2Deng bad air.
(4) light: to take disperse light, hand over nature slightly bright with daytime, that night is dark to be advisable in the silkworm room.5～10Lax is advisable with intensity of illumination.
(5) space: matured silkworm whenever tells square of rice and flour will 2 * 1 * 2.5m
3The space, otherwise be unfavorable for that personnel check, matured silkworm moves, breathe, distribute moisture content, heat and gas flow.
5, concave grid and neat and well spaced degree control on the silkworm:
Weave silk and will manually go up silkworm in the silkworm plane, every recessed lattice one silkworm is stopped two palaces.Before the concave grid, concave grid is soaked or spraying natural air drying with the mulberry leaf leachate on the matured silkworm.Behind the matured silkworm upper plate, body gently, gently walk, constantly walk about back and forth, check, (be stained with clear water or the harmless washing agent of silk quality product is cleaned with white towel) in time handled in the pollution that ight soil produces, dead silkworm is in time eliminated, change, the recessed lattice that lack are in time mended silkworm.It is even, neat to make that silkworms spin silk.
When the ripe cocoon of natural colored cocoon is weaved silk, can carry out the outdoor rearing of tussah silkworm in swinging in the recessed lattice in plane, note the difference with common cocoon silkworm, in case fault occurs according to the pattern of prior design.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of plate cocoon is characterized in that: it is that many breeding matured silkworms are placed on the cocoon of weaving silk in the recessed lattice of plane concave grid respectively, silk is connected naturally and the plate cocoon width of cloth that forms.
2, a kind of method of producing plate cocoon, it comprises following step:
(1) silkworm room, disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing
(2) the breeding matured silkworm room that advances to weave silk;
It is characterized in that:
(3) many breeding matured silkworms are put into the recessed lattice of plane concave grid respectively, each recessed lattice is put a silkworm; Dead silkworm is in time eliminated, changed, the recessed lattice of disappearance are in time mended silkworm;
(4) environmental externality condition control: temperature: 22～25 ℃; Relative moisture 68～75%; Air draught: 0.03～0.04 meter per second, reduce CO
2, CO, NH
3, SO
2Bad air; Light: take disperse light in the silkworm room, hand over the nature slightly bright with daytime, that night is dark, bright intensity 5～10Lax; The space: matured silkworm whenever tells a square metre of area will 2 * 1 * 2.5m
3The space.
3, the method for production plate cocoon according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described breeding silkworm can be cultivated by the following method: select for use existing white breeding silkworm cyanines pine and hybridization of breeding silkworm bright moon and reciprocal cross to obtain cyanines pine bright moon kind, again seed selection, purification and rejuvenation then, obtain new cyanines pine bright moon, carry out stock breeding then and obtain white breeding silkworm.
4, the method for production plate cocoon according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described breeding silkworm can be cultivated by the following method: select existing natural colored cocoon silkworm C for use
158With colored cocoon silkworm silkworm raiser 16 hybridization and reciprocal crosss thereof, and carry out purifying, stock breeding obtains natural colored breeding silkworm.
5, the method for production plate cocoon according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: silkworm room, disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing are selected formalin lime white sterilization for use; In the described environmental condition control, temperature is 23～24 ℃, and relative moisture is 70%.
6, a kind of plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon that is exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: comprising: plate body has a plurality of recessed lattice (2) that are concave surface in the plate body.
7, the plane concave grid of producing plate cocoon that is exclusively used in according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: recessed lattice (2) bottom design in the plate body has outage (3).
8, according to claim 6 or the 7 described plane concave grids of producing plate cocoon that are exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: the curved surface of described recessed lattice rotates half ellipsoid that forms for ellipse around major axis; Long axis of ellipse is 25～30mm, and oval minor axis is 12～20m; Described recessed lattice (2) center distance 90～120mm.
9, according to claim 6 or the 7 described plane concave grids of producing plate cocoon that are exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: the curved surface of described recessed lattice is half sphere; Spherical diameter is 28～30mm.
10, according to claim 6 or the 7 described plane concave grids of producing plate cocoon that are exclusively used in, it is characterized in that: the material selection plastics of described plane concave grid; The two ends of described plate body have been designed tenon (1) and tongue-and-groove (4) respectively, and are fixedly connected by tenon, tongue-and-groove between the plate body.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02135193 CN1237871C (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2002-07-22 | Planar cocoon and its production process and planar notched plate special for producing planar cocoon |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02135193 CN1237871C (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2002-07-22 | Planar cocoon and its production process and planar notched plate special for producing planar cocoon |
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| CN1237871C CN1237871C (en) | 2006-01-25 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101081017B (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2010-10-06 | 丁志强 | Method for producing colourful plane cocoon and the produced colourful plane cocoon |
| CN103432605A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-11 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Silkworm excrement disinfecting method |
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| CN101081017B (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2010-10-06 | 丁志强 | Method for producing colourful plane cocoon and the produced colourful plane cocoon |
| CN103432605A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-11 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Silkworm excrement disinfecting method |
| CN105123631A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-09 | 英山县桑和平面茧专业合作社 | Silkworm breeding method based on plate cocoon production |
| CN105686159A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-22 | 浙江大学 | Method for preparing novel mask chip by utilizing fibroin plate cocoons |
| CN105686159B (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2018-02-02 | 浙江大学 | A kind of method that gauze mask chip is prepared using fibroin plate cocoon |
| CN106234323A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 广西融安县金鼎制丝有限责任公司 | Flat board directly weave silk silk floss method |
| CN106818211A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-13 | 四川久远生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization empty stomach silkworm cultivates silkworm grass |
| CN106835507A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-13 | 盐城工业职业技术学院 | A kind of castor silkworm flat board wire production method and its a kind of facial mask |
| CN106835507B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2019-07-02 | 盐城工业职业技术学院 | A kind of castor silkworm plate wire production method and its a kind of facial mask |
| US20200277710A1 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-09-03 | National Agriculture And Food Research Organization | Thread collecting device |
| US11788206B2 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2023-10-17 | National Agriculture And Food Research Organization | Thread collecting device |
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