CN104798737B - A kind of silkworm cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of silkworm cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104798737B CN104798737B CN201410751863.2A CN201410751863A CN104798737B CN 104798737 B CN104798737 B CN 104798737B CN 201410751863 A CN201410751863 A CN 201410751863A CN 104798737 B CN104798737 B CN 104798737B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is long to solve the Silkworm Raise cycle that prior art is present, the low problem of efficiency, can shorten feeding time there is provided one kind, reduce mulberry leaf consumption, save artificial and feed cost, the energy-saving high yield silkworm cultural method of silk quality is improved simultaneously, specific steps include cocoonery process step, mulberry leaf are selected and delivered, cocoonery environmental Kuznets Curves and manual intervention means etc., compared with prior art, save artificial and feed cost, shorten feeding time, improve the quality of silk, and the amount of cocoon production, Cocoon layer ratio, silk length, reelability percentage, silk production rate has different degrees of raising.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultural method technical field, more particularly to a kind of energy-saving high yield silkworm cultural method.
Background technology
One of economic insects that silkworm cocoons also known as silkworm, the spinning with mulberry leaf as foodstuff, the developmental temperature of silkworm is 7~
, thermophilic is raised for 20~30 DEG C, be mainly distributed on temperate zone, subtropical zone and torrid areas by 40 DEG C.Silkworm belongs to oligophagy insect, removes
Outside eating mulberry leaf, dead leaf, Siberian elm leaf, duck green onion, dandelion and leaf lettuce etc. can be also eaten, mulberry leaf are the natural materials that silkworm is best suitable for.Silkworm
It is complete metamorphosis, throughout one's life by development rank entirely different in ovum, larva, pupa, four forms of adult and on physiological function
Section.
Growing with the environmental condition such as mulberry leaf, temperature, humidity for silkworm has direct relation, under suitable environmental condition,
Silkworm can normally grow, and environmental condition is uncomfortable, and silkworm retarded growth is weak and sickly, or even dead.Silkworm and environment, refer to
Silkworm and meteorological, silkworm and feed, silkworm and pathogenic microorganism these three side's relations of plane.Silkworm and environmental factor：Environmental factor refers to foster
The temperature in silkworm place, humidity, air-flow, light.
1. temperature, silkworm belongs to poikilotherm.Its body temperature changes with the change of ambient temperature.The temperature of silkworm normal growth development
Scope is 20~30 degrees Celsius, and temperature is higher in suitable temperature range, is grown faster, more than 30 degrees Celsius and Celsius less than 20
Below degree, the rate of development of silkworm is slow, is unfavorable for the growth of silkworm, the health of time of contact then influence silkworm long；
2. humidity, the humidity in environment, can influence the growth of silkworm, development, food mulberry amount, digest and assimilate, cast off a skin and silkworm rearing bed
Health etc..In many wet environments, respiration of silkworm is vigorous, and food mulberry amount is more, digests and assimilates quickening, and fast age of growing is short.But it is how wet
Breed pathogenic microorganism fast, the morbidity of silkworm easy infection.Dry environment is conducive to silkworm rearing bed health, but the easily wilting influence food mulberry of mulberry leaf,
Cause to starve silkworm, silkworm body slight of stature causes difficulty of casting off a skin.Therefore preferably with the humid air, silkworm rearing bed drying；
3. air and air-flow, silkworm want the oxygen in continuous absorption air, carry out normal vital movement requirement with fresh air.Silkworm
Not can contact carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide（Concentration is more than 1%）, ammonia, fluoride gas, tobacco, agricultural chemicals, paint, camphor, vapour
The bad airs such as oil, can cause the aggrieved death of poisoning after silkworm contact；
4. light, silkworm has the instinct for tending to light source.Then there is the characteristic away from light source to high light.Newly-hatched silkworm phototaxis is most strong, with
Age promotes, and photosensitiveness gradually weakens.In of the same age, silkworm phototaxis is played most strong.Cocoonery light, is advisable with naturally scattering light, and silkworm exists
It is evenly distributed on silkworm rearing bed, food mulberry is uniform, and development is neat.In one day 16 hours or so it is bright, 8 hours or so it is dark, then silkworm growth is normal
Development is neat.
In addition, mulberry leaf are the excellent foods of silkworm, silkworm absorbs nourishment from mulberry leaf.In mulberry leaf, moisture and dry are mainly contained
The big constituents of matter two.It is made up of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, inorganic salts, vitamin etc. in dry.These are all
Silkworm grows indispensable nutriment.Requirement of the silkworm to the food value of leaf, silkworm absorbs nutrients structure body and for life from mulberry leaf
The need for development long, manufacture silk material.The quality of Quality of Mulberry Leaves, to silkworm grow and make yarn quality have directly pass
System.Further, the presence of pathogen is the unstable principal element of production of breeding silkworms.Cause of disease object is small, lightweight, waves with the wind
In entering water, or it is hidden in underground, room angle, wall, on rearing instrument, sticks on dust.Mulberry pest is the medium for infecting silkworm disease.Poultry raiser
Clothing, trick may all carry disease germs.Pathogen pollutes silkworm rearing bed, mulberry leaf, invades silkworm body by all means, silkworm is fallen ill dead.
Pathogenic microorganism invades the approach of silkworm body, and pathogenic microorganism can be nibbled the mulberry leaf of lower pollution and infect by polluting mulberry leaf, silkworm disease
Can also be fallen ill by wound infection.The smaller premunition of silkworm age is weaker.
As the modernization progress of society, Silk Industry are also flourished, increasing silk crop is stepped into
Huge numbers of families, with and come is requirement more and more higher of the high-grade fabric to silk, meanwhile, traditional Silkworm Raise cycle is long, effect
The low problem of rate is increasingly protruded.Therefore, one kind can shorten feeding time, reduce mulberry leaf consumption, save artificial and feed
Cost, while the energy-saving high yield silkworm cultural method for improving silk quality is aobvious for promoting silkworm cultivation continuous progress also to have
The facilitation of work.
The content of the invention
For the Silkworm Raise cycle for solving the problems, such as prior art presence is long, efficiency is low, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of energy
Enough shorten feeding time, reduce mulberry leaf consumption, save artificial and feed cost, while improving the energy-saving high yield mulberry of silk quality
Silkworm cultural method.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose using following technological means, a kind of silkworm cultural method of energy-saving high yield, including with
Lower step：
1., cocoonery process step
A, build cocoonery：Selection clean surrounding environment, the fresh free of contamination independent place of air set up cocoonery, insulation, guarantor
Wet performance is good, if special rearing instrument, storeroom of mulberry leaf, silkworm excrement hole is located at the outer leeward of cocoonery；
B, sterilization：With the Eusol containing effective chlorine 1% or with 2~3% formalin and 0.5% lime water mixed liquid
By upper and lower surrounding spraying disinfection in cocoonery.Sterilization will accomplish that the face of cocoonery six is all sprayed onto, and shut door and window after spray, be kept for 30 minutes
Moisture state；Carry out cocoonery air Smudging sterilizing with formaldehyde fumigant, temperature maintains 25 DEG C, sootiness sterilize closed 24 hours with
On；
C, set up mulberry field：Mulberry field will strengthen liquid manure and the deinsectization management in mulberry field according to the characteristics of silkworm leaf；
2., mulberry leaf selection and dispensing
A, mulberry leaf selection and treatment：Mulberry leaf from it is nontoxic, without insect population, top young sprout proper mature (ripe) leaf, leaf color bright yellow, moisture content
75~85%；The bamboo basket breathe freely of mulberry leaf is put, and keeps fluffy, prevents mulberry leaf heating, ferments, and with anti-dry plastic sheeting
Cover tightly and cover, keep mulberry leaf fresh；
B, mulberry leaf are delivered：Before dispensing, one layer of disinfectant powder gently is spread on silkworm rearing bed, the new fresh mulberry leaf of feeding after 10 minutes；
3., cocoonery environmental Kuznets Curves
A, temperature and humid control：At 27.5~28 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 0.5~1 DEG C to 1 age temperature control；2 age temperature controls exist
27~27.5 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 1~1.5 DEG C；At 27 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 1.5~2 DEG C to 3 age temperature controls；Temperature stabilization in feeding process
Control；
B, illumination control：Daily illumination is kept between the full age of silkworm 15~16 hours；
4., manual intervention
The applying step of a, juvenile hormone：Silkworm method for breeding routinely is raised to 3 age silkworms and adds food various concentrations
Juvenile hormone, two hibernating worms are turned into by silkworm induction, and solution is configured to by silkworm number, and preparation quantity is based on every micrograms dose of silkworm 1~2
Calculate, be sprayed on mulberry leaf and be administered, 3 age first feedings rise and start the mulberry leaf that feeding sprays juvenile hormone；
The application of b, moulting hormone：After having 5~10% matured silkworm, to freshen food moulting hormone, be watered 2kg's according to 35mg
Then proportions moulting hormone solution is sprayed on mulberry leaf；
C, upper cluster harvesting of cocoon：Directly flowers are put on silkworm rearing bed, allow matured silkworm oneself to climb on flowers, on matured silkworm after cluster, protected
Cluster room uniform light is held, aeration-drying prevented silkworm overstocked, flowers are reversed after 3~5 hour, and the double palace silkworms that will have just spun
Separation is caught immediately.
In addition, mulberry field will carry out fertilizing and weeding, mulberry yield and quality are improved, can only be sprayed using the longevity of residure shorter agricultural chemicals
Mulberry pest is killed, must be spaced 10 old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle Easts can use leaf, in order to avoid cause silkworm to be poisoned.
Before young silkworm is led, cocoonery will thoroughly be cleaned and be sterilized, and specifically include：Cleaning cocoonery in silkworm faeces, silkworm plaque,
The debris such as small bundle of straw, only stay brick, and cocoonery is cleaned up；Cocoonery is cleaned with clear water, untill without sewage；According to 1:10 ratio
Example is watered ground, window, doorway, the wall of sprinkling cocoonery using hypochlorous acid, closes window half a day after spray at once；Getting it filled storage of spray again
Mulberry room, lid mulberry film and corridor；Finally open door and window to dry, then fasten.
Silkworm cultural method of the present invention compared with prior art, saves artificial and feed cost, shortens
Feeding time, improves the quality of silk, and the amount of cocoon production, Cocoon layer ratio, silk length, reelability percentage, silk production rate have different journeys
The raising of degree.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
The treatment of cocoonery rearing instrument, first sterilizes to clean afterwards and sterilizes again, last fumigation.
Sterilization：Can be with the Eusol containing effective chlorine 1% or with 2~3% formalin and 0.5% lime water mixed liquid
By upper and lower surrounding spraying disinfection in cocoonery.Sterilization will accomplish that the face of cocoonery six is all sprayed onto, and shut door and window after spray, be kept for 30 minutes
Moisture state, disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing is optimal to impregnate sterilization, and general dipping 30 minutes is preferably.According to silkworm disease class, specific aim is carried out
Sterilization, accomplishes sterilization by several times, and pasteurised completely, using strong chlorine oil, formaldehyde fumigant, bleaching powder etc., is raising Disinfection Effect, dipping sterilization
No less than half an hour, spraying disinfection moisturizing half an hour, lime white suspension, bleaching powder clarified solution.
Cleaning：It is both that cocoonery rearing instrument is cleaned comprehensively, is should be noted that during cleaning：1st, spray thimerosal before cleaning；
2nd, water for cleaning water quality will get well, and forbid in the stagnant water ditch pool, river bank cleaning rearing instrument；3rd, garbage leachate for washing out etc. will be away from silkworm
Room.
It is smoked：Cocoonery rearing instrument and cocoonery air Smudging sterilizing are carried out with formaldehyde fumigant, sootiness sterilization is closed 24 hours（24℃）With
On.Formaldehyde fumigant wants abundant smoke.
Selected mulberry leaf：Young silkworm collect ants after first back to mulberry before, gently one layer is spread on silkworm rearing bed with disinfectant powder, through 5~10 minutes
The new fresh mulberry leaf of feeding afterwards.Young silkworm wants selected mulberry leaf with mulberry：Based on leaf color, leaf position supplemented by, from it is nontoxic, pollution-free, without insect population,
Top young sprout proper mature (ripe) leaf.Each age silkworm proper mature (ripe) leaf standard, to collect ants and adopt a leaf, leaf color bright yellow, moisture content on young sprout maximum leaf with leaf
78~80%, to feed sting after silkworm and eat into poroid for suitable, never use excessively old, tender uneven leaf always.Prevent that dry plastic sheeting will be covered tightly
Cover, keep mulberry leaf fresh.
Suitable humiture：Small silkworm rearing season easily causes development uneven under cryogenic, it is necessary to conscientiously regulate humiture.
At 28 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 0.5 DEG C to 1 age temperature control；At 27.5 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 1 DEG C to 2 age temperature controls；3 age temperature controls are 27
DEG C, dry and wet differs from 2 DEG C；Temperature stabilization control in feeding process.
It is uniform to mulberry：Principle to mulberry is both to economize on mulberry, and silkworm is fully satiated with food again, and young silkworm educates for daily three times, particularly
To be satiated with food before dormancy, see that hibernating worm starts to subtract food later, stopped eating after sleeping together.The inactive state can be observed whether neat, to carry out hibernating worm
Treatment.Prevent from starving dormancy, influence the constitution of young silkworm.
The applying step of juvenile hormone：Silkworm method for breeding routinely was raised to 3 ages and adds food various concentrations after silkworm
Juvenile hormone, two hibernating worms are turned into by silkworm induction, and solution is configured to by silkworm number, are prepared quantity and are calculated by every micrograms dose of silkworm 1, spray
It is sprinkled upon on mulberry leaf and is administered, 3 age body first feedings rises and start the mulberry leaf that feeding sprays juvenile hormone.
The application of moulting hormone：After having 8% matured silkworm, to freshen food moulting hormone, the ratio for being watered 2kg according to 35mg is matched somebody with somebody
Then moulting hormone solution processed is sprayed on mulberry leaf.
Upper cluster harvesting of cocoon：Directly flowers are put on silkworm rearing bed, allow matured silkworm oneself to climb on flowers, on matured silkworm after cluster, kept
Cluster room uniform light, aeration-drying prevents silkworm overstocked, and flowers are reversed after 3 hours, and double palace silkworms of firm spinning are grabbed immediately
Go out to separate.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of silkworm cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1., cocoonery process step
A, build cocoonery：Selection clean surrounding environment, the fresh free of contamination independent place of air set up cocoonery, insulation, moisture retention
Can be good, if special rearing instrument, storeroom of mulberry leaf, silkworm excrement hole is located at the outer leeward of cocoonery；
B, sterilization：First use contains the Eusol of effective chlorine 1% or is incited somebody to action with 2~3% formalin and 0.5% lime water mixed liquid
Upper and lower surrounding spraying disinfection in cocoonery；Sterilization will accomplish that the face of cocoonery six is all sprayed onto, and shut door and window after spray, be kept for 30 minutes
Moisture state；Then carry out cocoonery air Smudging sterilizing with formaldehyde fumigant, temperature maintains 25 DEG C, sootiness sterilize closed 24 hours with
On；
C, set up mulberry field：Mulberry field will strengthen liquid manure and the deinsectization management in mulberry field according to the characteristics of silkworm leaf；
2., mulberry leaf selection and dispensing
A, mulberry leaf selection and treatment：Mulberry leaf from it is nontoxic, without insect population, top young sprout proper mature (ripe) leaf, leaf color bright yellow, moisture content is 75
~85%；Mulberry leaf are put with the bamboo basket breathed freely, and keep fluffy, prevent mulberry leaf from generating heat, fermenting, and to be covered with anti-dry plastic sheeting
Sternly cover, keep mulberry leaf fresh；
B, mulberry leaf are delivered：Before dispensing, one layer of disinfectant powder gently is spread on silkworm rearing bed, the new fresh mulberry leaf of feeding after 10 minutes；
3., cocoonery environmental Kuznets Curves
A, temperature and humid control：At 27.5~28 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 0.5~1 DEG C to 1 age temperature control；2 age temperature controls 27~
27.5 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 1~1.5 DEG C；At 27 DEG C, dry and wet differs from 1.5~2 DEG C to 3 age temperature controls；Temperature stabilization control in feeding process
System；
B, illumination control：Daily illumination is kept between the full age of silkworm 15~16 hours；
4., manual intervention
The applying step of a, juvenile hormone：Silkworm method for breeding routinely is raised to 3 age silkworms the guarantor children for adding food various concentrations
Hormone, two hibernating worms are turned into by silkworm induction, and solution is configured to by silkworm number, are prepared quantity and are calculated by every micrograms dose of silkworm 1~2, spray
It is sprinkled upon on mulberry leaf and is administered, 3 age first feedings rises and start the mulberry leaf that feeding sprays juvenile hormone；
The application of b, moulting hormone：After having 5~10% matured silkworm, to freshen food moulting hormone, the ratio of 2kg is watered according to 35mg
Prepare moulting hormone solution and then be sprayed on mulberry leaf；
C, upper cluster harvesting of cocoon：Directly flowers are put on silkworm rearing bed, allow matured silkworm oneself to climb on flowers, on matured silkworm after cluster, to keep cluster
Room uniform light, aeration-drying prevents silkworm overstocked, and flowers are reversed after 3~5 hours, and by double palace silkworms of firm spinning immediately
Catch separation.
2. silkworm cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that mulberry field will carry out fertilizing and weeding, improves mulberry leaf
Yield and quality, can only spray Mulberry pest using the longevity of residure shorter agricultural chemicals, and must be spaced 10 old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle Easts can use leaf, Yi Mianyin
Play silkworm poisoning.
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| CN107494457A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-22 | 合肥市聚丰制丝有限责任公司 | A kind of method for breeding for reducing the silkworm death rate |
| CN107581165A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-16 | 宜州市壮歌茧丝绸有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of silkworm |
| CN108077197A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-29 | 四川红旗丝绸有限公司 | A kind of method of young silkworm farm breeds |
| CN108719215A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-11-02 | 宜州市壮之都丝绸家纺有限公司 | A kind of high-yield cultivation method of silkworm |
| CN109329223A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-02-15 | 中国农业科学院蚕业研究所 | A kind of pathogenetic method of reduction silkworm blood type purulence |
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